CN113295921A - Low-frequency temperature measurement correction method based on microcalorimeter - Google Patents
Low-frequency temperature measurement correction method based on microcalorimeter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113295921A CN113295921A CN202110453498.7A CN202110453498A CN113295921A CN 113295921 A CN113295921 A CN 113295921A CN 202110453498 A CN202110453498 A CN 202110453498A CN 113295921 A CN113295921 A CN 113295921A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- low
- power
- frequency signal
- frequency
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
- G01R21/02—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by thermal methods, e.g. calorimetric
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
- G01R21/14—Compensating for temperature change
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of power measurement, and provides a low-frequency temperature measurement correction method based on a microcalorimeter, when the temperature of the power sensor is measured by a microcalorimeter, by applying a low frequency signal to the power sensor before and after adding a radio frequency signal, since the temperature rise generated by the power sensor when the low frequency signal is added is in a fixed proportional relationship with the power of the applied low frequency signal, the temperature baseline when the low frequency signal is applied can be calculated, then obtaining a baseline value when the radio frequency power is added by using the average value of the temperature baselines of the front and the back low-frequency signals, thereby calculating the temperature baseline when the radio frequency power is added, because the measurement time of the temperature baseline of the front and the back low-frequency signals is short, can effectively reduce the influence of the environmental temperature drift on the experimental result, reduce the measurement error caused by the temperature change, therefore, accurate temperature rise is obtained, and the power measurement precision of the micro calorimeter in a complex temperature environment is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power measurement, in particular to a low-frequency temperature measurement correction method based on a microcalorimeter.
Background
The basic measurement principle of a coaxial 2.4mm micro calorimeter researched by China institute of metrology science is to determine the effective efficiency of a measured power sensor by means of calorimetry. The effective efficiency is defined as the ratio of the power meter reading of the power sensor under test to the microwave power that it actually absorbs. In the process of measuring power by the power sensor, the microwave power is not completely absorbed by the power sensor sensing chip, and a part of the microwave power is lost on a transmission line. The magnitude of the power loss can be determined by means of heat.
In order to determine the exact temperature rise, the conventional method measures the thermopile readings without power for 15 hours at the beginning and the end of the experiment, and the thermopile readings are the experimental temperature base lines. The temperature rise of the power sensor when the microwave power is added can be obtained by calculating the difference between the thermopile reading when the microwave power is added and the temperature baseline. The basic measurement principle is as follows: in the measuring process, the whole micro calorimeter is placed in a constant-temperature water tank, and the constant temperature of the measuring environment is ensured. The power sensor is connected to the insulated transmission line of the microcalorimeter and the thermopile is used between the power sensor and the thermal reference ring to measure the temperature change of the sensor. The microwave power is not added to the power sensor initially, and the output voltage e of the thermopile at the moment is obtainedoff(power sensor temperature is higher than thermal reference loop due to power sensor connection power meter); when microwave power is added to the power sensor, the microwave power is generatedThe sensor absorbs microwave power and power loss on the transmission line, the temperature of the sensor rises, and the output voltage e of the thermopile at the moment is measuredrf(ii) a The change in the thermopile output voltage reflects the change in the temperature of the sensor and thus the power absorbed by the sensor. Fig. 1 shows a calorimetric curve graph for measuring a temperature rise of a power sensor in the prior art, which is a typical thermopile curve in a conventional calorimetric experiment. Wherein, the reading of a section of thermopile without power is measured at the beginning and the end of the experiment respectively, namely the reading of the front section and the rear section eoffIs the thermopile output voltage without power, typically lasting 15 hours to reach thermal equilibrium, i.e., the temperature baseline value. e.g. of the typelfIs the thermopile output voltage, e, added with a low frequency signalrfIs the thermopile output voltage with microwave power added. Through two front and rear sections eoffAnd taking the average value to obtain the baseline value of the temperature measured by the whole section. However, in actual measurement, since the test time is as long as 3-5 days, even in a thermostatically controlled clean room laboratory, the temperature varies by ± 0.5 ℃, resulting in the reading of the thermopile at the end of the experiment (e)off2) Reading of the thermopile at the beginning of the experiment (e)off1) In contrast, an offset has been generated. Therefore, the method is used for taking the head and the tail of two sections eoffThe average value of (A) is used as the measurement result of the temperature base line of the whole experiment, and great measurement error and uncertainty exist.
Therefore, in the prior art, in the actual measurement process, because the measurement time of the calorimetric experiment is long and usually lasts for 3 to 5 days, the change of the ambient temperature of the laboratory is large in long-time measurement, and in addition, the thermopile is very sensitive to the temperature change, the temperature baseline of the calorimetric experiment continuously drifts along with the temperature of the laboratory, so that the temperature rise measured by the microcalorimeter is inaccurate, and the measured actual absorption power of the power sensor is inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a low-frequency temperature measurement correction method based on a microcalorimeter, which is used for temperature rise measurement of a power sensor, a low-frequency signal is applied to the power sensor before and after a radio-frequency signal is added, because the temperature rise generated by the power sensor when the low-frequency signal is added and the power of the applied low-frequency signal are in a fixed proportional relation (sensitivity coefficient k), a temperature baseline when the low-frequency signal is applied can be calculated through thermopile reading when the low-frequency signal is added, power meter reading and sensitivity coefficient k, then the average value of the temperature baselines corresponding to the low-frequency signals at two adjacent ends of the radio-frequency signal is used as a baseline value when the radio-frequency power is added, because the measurement time of the radio-frequency signal and the two adjacent low-frequency signals is only 3 hours, the temperature change of an experimental environment is small, the influence of environmental temperature drift caused by long-time measurement in the traditional method on an experimental result is effectively reduced, and the measurement error caused by temperature change is reduced, so that accurate temperature rise is obtained, and the power measurement precision of the micro calorimeter in a complex temperature environment is improved.
Specifically, the method is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
a low-frequency temperature measurement correction method based on a microcalorimeter comprises the following steps:
respectively inserting low-frequency signals at two ends of each radio frequency point of the power sensor to be measured, and reading e of the thermopile without power according to the beginning of the experimentoffReading P of power meteroffThermopile output voltage e at the time of insertion of the first low frequency signallf_1And power meter reading Plf_1Calculating a sensitivity coefficient k of the temperature rise of the thermopile relative to the power of the low-frequency signal;
calculating a temperature base line corresponding to each section of low-frequency signal according to the sensitivity coefficient k;
and taking the average value of the temperature baselines of two adjacent sections of low-frequency signals of the radio frequency point as the temperature baseline of the radio frequency point.
Preferably, the sensitivity coefficient k is calculated by the following formula:
preferably, calculating a temperature baseline corresponding to each section of low-frequency signal according to the sensitivity coefficient k specifically includes:
according to sensitivityCalculating a temperature baseline e corresponding to the inserted i-th-stage low-frequency signal by using the coefficient kref_i：eref_i＝elf_i-kPlf_i；
Wherein e islf_iFor the output voltage of the thermopile when the i-th low-frequency signal is added, Plf_iFor the power meter reading when adding the i-th low frequency signal, i is a natural number.
Preferably, the formula for calculating the average value according to the temperature base lines corresponding to two sections of low-frequency signals adjacent to the radio frequency point is as follows:
wherein e isref_jIs the temperature baseline of the jth measured RF frequency point, eref_iIs the temperature baseline corresponding to the inserted i-th stage low-frequency signal, eref_i+1Is the temperature base line corresponding to the inserted (i +1) th stage low-frequency signal, and j is a natural number.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention applies the low-frequency signal to the power sensor before and after adding the radio-frequency signal, because the temperature rise generated by the power sensor when adding the low-frequency signal is in a fixed proportional relation with the power of the applied low-frequency signal, namely the sensitivity coefficient k, the thermopile reading and the power meter reading when adding the low-frequency signal and the sensitivity coefficient k can calculate the temperature baseline when applying the low-frequency signal, then the average value of the temperature baselines corresponding to two adjacent sections of low-frequency signals of the radio-frequency signal is used as the baseline value of the radio-frequency point when adding the radio-frequency power, thereby calculating the temperature baseline of the radio-frequency point when adding the radio-frequency power, because the measurement time of the radio-frequency signal and the two adjacent sections of low-frequency signals is only 3 hours, the experiment environment temperature change is small, the influence of the environment temperature drift caused by long-time measurement in the traditional method on the experiment result is effectively reduced, the method has the advantages that the measurement error caused by temperature change is reduced, accurate temperature rise is obtained, the power measurement precision of the micro calorimeter in a complex temperature environment is improved, and the problems that in the prior art, the temperature base line of a calorimetric experiment continuously drifts along with the temperature of a laboratory due to long measurement time of the calorimetric experiment, large temperature change of the environment of the laboratory and high sensitivity of a thermopile to temperature change, the measured temperature rise of the micro calorimeter is inaccurate, and the measured actual absorption power of a power sensor is inaccurate are solved.
Drawings
1. FIG. 1 is a calorimetric graph of a prior art power sensor for measuring temperature rise;
2. FIG. 2 is a calorimetric graph of a power sensor using a low frequency thermometry correction method in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;
3. FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the uncorrected effective efficiency of a power sensor measured by a microcalorimeter according to the prior art with the uncorrected effective efficiency of the power sensor measured by a low frequency thermometry correction method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the core idea of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses a low-frequency temperature measurement correction method based on a microcalorimeter, which is characterized in that a low-frequency signal is applied to a power sensor before and after a radio-frequency signal is added, a temperature baseline when the low-frequency signal is applied is calculated, and then a baseline value when the radio-frequency power is added is obtained by using the average value of the temperature baselines of the front low-frequency signal and the rear low-frequency signal, so that the temperature baseline when the radio-frequency power is added can be calculated.
In the measuring process, the micro calorimeter is placed in a constant-temperature water tank, so that the constant temperature of the measuring environment is ensured. The power sensor is connected to the heat insulation transmission line, the thermopile is used for measuring the temperature of the sensor between the power sensor and the thermal reference ring, the power sensor is connected with the power meter, the temperature of the power sensor is higher than that of the thermal reference ring, and the specific measuring method comprises the following steps:
Wherein e islf_iFor the output voltage of the thermopile when the ith 100kHz low-frequency signal is addedlf_iThe power meter reading when the ith segment of 100kHz low-frequency signal is added.
And 5, taking the average value of the temperature baselines of two sections of low-frequency signals adjacent to the radio frequency point as the temperature baseline of the radio frequency point when the radio frequency power is added.
Calculating the average value of the temperature baselines corresponding to two adjacent sections of 100kHz low-frequency signals added by the radio frequency point as shown in the following formula:
wherein e isref_jIs the thermopile baseline (i.e., temperature baseline), e, for the jth measured RF frequency pointref_iIs the temperature baseline corresponding to the inserted i-th stage low-frequency signal, eref_i+1Is the temperature base line corresponding to the inserted (i +1) th stage low-frequency signal, and j is a natural number。
As shown in fig. 2, a thermopile curve of a power sensor is measured by the low frequency temperature measurement correction method based on a microcalorimeter according to the present invention.
It should be noted that, since the measurement time of the rf signal and the two adjacent low-frequency signals is usually only 3 hours, the measured ambient temperature drift is small and can be ignored during this time, i.e., eref_jThe thermopile baseline can be considered as the thermopile baseline of the currently measured radio frequency point approximately, the influence of the environmental temperature drift on the experimental result can be effectively reduced, and the measurement error caused by the temperature change is reduced, so that the accurate temperature rise is obtained, and the power measurement precision of the micro calorimeter in the complex temperature environment is improved.
It should be noted that after the temperature baseline of each radio frequency point is obtained, the actual power absorbed by the power probe at each radio frequency point can be calculated:
wherein, Prf_jIs the actual power absorbed by the power probe when the jth measured RF frequency point is added to the RF signal, erf_jThe number is the thermopile reading when the j measured RF frequency point is added with the RF signal.
Then according to the actual power P absorbed by the power proberf_jCalculating the uncorrected effective efficiency of the power probe on the radio frequency point:
wherein, Prf_j`Is the power reading of the power probe at the jth measured rf frequency point.
Finally, the correction factor g and the uncorrected effective efficiency eta are passede`The effective efficiency eta of the power sensor can be calculatede：ηe＝gηe'。
Fig. 3 shows the multiple connection repeatability of the uncorrected effective efficiency of the power sensor measured by the conventional method (using the average value of the temperature base line with no power applied for 15h at each of the two ends before and after the experiment as the temperature base line value of the whole experiment), compared with the multiple connection repeatability of the uncorrected effective efficiency of the power sensor measured by the low-frequency thermometric correction method in the embodiment of the present invention. The same power sensor is measured by the two methods, and the measurement is carried out 11 times at a frequency point of 30GHz respectively.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the power sensor measured by the conventional method has large fluctuation of uncorrected effective efficiency, poor repeatability, extreme difference reaching 0.012, and standard deviation reaching 0.0038. The uncorrected effective efficiency of the power sensor measured by using the low-frequency temperature measurement correction method provided by the invention has small fluctuation and good repeatability, the range difference is only 0.0029, and the standard deviation is only 0.0008.
Therefore, the method for measuring the effective efficiency of the power sensor by using the low-frequency temperature measurement correction method can obviously reduce the influence of the environmental temperature drift on the calorimetric experiment result, greatly improve the repeatability and the uncertainty of the microcalorimeter for measuring the power sensor, and improve the power measurement precision of the microcalorimeter in a complex temperature environment.
In summary, the invention provides a low-frequency temperature measurement correction method based on a microcalorimeter, which is used for measuring the temperature rise of a power sensor, a low-frequency signal is applied to the power sensor before and after a radio-frequency signal is added, because the temperature rise generated by the power sensor when the low-frequency signal is added is in a fixed proportional relation with the power of the applied low-frequency signal, namely, a sensitivity coefficient k, the thermopile reading and the power meter reading when the low-frequency signal is added and the sensitivity coefficient k can be used for calculating the temperature baseline when the low-frequency signal is applied, then the average value of the temperature baselines corresponding to two adjacent sections of low-frequency signals of the radio-frequency signal is used as the baseline value of the radio-frequency point when the radio-frequency power is added, so that the temperature baseline of the radio-frequency point when the radio-frequency power is added can be calculated, because the measurement time of the radio-frequency signal and the two adjacent sections of low-frequency signals is only 3 hours, the temperature change of an experimental environment is small, the influence of environmental temperature drift caused by long-time measurement in the traditional method on an experimental result is effectively reduced, and the measurement error caused by temperature change is reduced, so that accurate temperature rise is obtained, the power measurement precision of the micro calorimeter in a complex temperature environment is improved, and the problems that in the prior art, the temperature baseline of a calorimetric experiment continuously drifts along with the temperature of a laboratory due to the fact that the calorimetric experiment is long in measurement time, the laboratory environmental temperature change is large, and a thermopile is sensitive to the temperature change, so that the temperature rise measured by the micro calorimeter is inaccurate, and the actual absorption power of the measured power sensor is inaccurate are solved.
The foregoing detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention has been presented for the purpose of illustrating the principles and implementations of the present invention, and the description of the embodiments is only provided to assist understanding of the core concepts of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A low-frequency temperature measurement correction method based on a microcalorimeter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
respectively inserting low-frequency signals at two ends of each radio frequency point of the power sensor to be measured, and reading e of the thermopile without power according to the beginning of the experimentoffReading P of power meteroffThermopile output voltage e at the time of insertion of the first low frequency signallf_1And power meter reading Plf_1Calculating a sensitivity coefficient k of the temperature rise of the thermopile relative to the power of the low-frequency signal;
calculating a temperature base line corresponding to each section of low-frequency signal according to the sensitivity coefficient k;
and taking the average value of the temperature baselines of two adjacent sections of low-frequency signals of the radio frequency point as the temperature baseline of the radio frequency point when the radio frequency power is added.
2. The micro calorimeter based low frequency temperature measurement correction method of claim 1, wherein the sensitivity coefficient k is calculated by the following formula:
3. the method for correcting low-frequency temperature measurement based on a microcalorimeter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein calculating the temperature baseline corresponding to each section of low-frequency signal according to the sensitivity coefficient k specifically comprises:
according to the sensitivity coefficient k, calculating a temperature baseline e corresponding to the inserted i-th-stage low-frequency signalref_i：eref_i＝elf_i-kPlf_i；
Wherein e islf_iFor the output voltage of the thermopile when the i-th low-frequency signal is added, Plf_iFor the power meter reading when adding the i-th low frequency signal, i is a natural number.
4. The micro calorimeter based low frequency temperature measurement correction method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the formula for calculating the average value according to the temperature baselines corresponding to two sections of low frequency signals adjacent to the radio frequency point is as follows:
wherein e isref_jIs the temperature baseline of the jth measured RF frequency point, eref_iIs the temperature baseline corresponding to the inserted i-th stage low-frequency signal, eref_i+1Is the temperature base line corresponding to the inserted (i +1) th stage low-frequency signal, and j is a natural number.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110453498.7A CN113295921B (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2021-04-26 | Low-frequency temperature measurement correction method based on microcalorimeter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110453498.7A CN113295921B (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2021-04-26 | Low-frequency temperature measurement correction method based on microcalorimeter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113295921A true CN113295921A (en) | 2021-08-24 |
| CN113295921B CN113295921B (en) | 2022-11-25 |
Family
ID=77320175
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110453498.7A Active CN113295921B (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2021-04-26 | Low-frequency temperature measurement correction method based on microcalorimeter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113295921B (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102435352A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2012-05-02 | 中国航天科工集团第二研究院二〇三所 | Control and acquisition device of microwave power heatmeter |
| CN102494808A (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2012-06-13 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Microcalorimeter, power reference system utilizing microcalorimeter and measuring method |
| CN102507036A (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2012-06-20 | 中国计量科学研究院 | MMW (millimeter wave) power sensor and calorimeter provided with same |
| US20160025783A1 (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2016-01-28 | The Research Foundation Of The State University Of New York | Microfabricated calorimeter for rf power measurement |
| CN105388443A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-03-09 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Linear feedback self-regulation system for calorimetric power meter |
| CN112630526A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-09 | 北京航天计量测试技术研究所 | Improved flow type microwave power measuring device and method |
-
2021
- 2021-04-26 CN CN202110453498.7A patent/CN113295921B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102435352A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2012-05-02 | 中国航天科工集团第二研究院二〇三所 | Control and acquisition device of microwave power heatmeter |
| CN102494808A (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2012-06-13 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Microcalorimeter, power reference system utilizing microcalorimeter and measuring method |
| CN102507036A (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2012-06-20 | 中国计量科学研究院 | MMW (millimeter wave) power sensor and calorimeter provided with same |
| US20160025783A1 (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2016-01-28 | The Research Foundation Of The State University Of New York | Microfabricated calorimeter for rf power measurement |
| CN105388443A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-03-09 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Linear feedback self-regulation system for calorimetric power meter |
| CN112630526A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-09 | 北京航天计量测试技术研究所 | Improved flow type microwave power measuring device and method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 陈成仁: "8毫米波段精密功率测量系统", 《计量学报》 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113295921B (en) | 2022-11-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101435721B (en) | Infrared target temperature correction system and method | |
| CN107942146A (en) | A kind of microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency test method and system | |
| US11733108B2 (en) | Method for calibrating short temperature measuring device using dry body temperature calibrator | |
| CN111765978A (en) | Infrared temperature measurement processing method and system, intelligent device and storage medium | |
| CN110702274B (en) | Space calibration method based on accurate miniature phase-change fixed point blackbody model | |
| CN113125048B (en) | Micro calorimeter capable of directly measuring thermocouple type power sensor and power reference system | |
| CN113295921B (en) | Low-frequency temperature measurement correction method based on microcalorimeter | |
| US20040057494A1 (en) | Ear thermometer with improved temperature coefficient and method of calibration thereof | |
| CN113984220B (en) | Differential blackbody radiation temperature difference correction method based on equivalent emissivity | |
| CN113532681B (en) | System and method for measuring temperature of resistance element by using resistance thermal noise voltage | |
| CN102809445B (en) | Thermocouple detection method | |
| CN112098457B (en) | Polynomial regression calibration method of thermal conductivity measuring instrument | |
| Gu et al. | A self-calibrated transfer standard for microwave calorimetry | |
| CN108627283B (en) | Thin film thermocouple static characteristic calibration method based on temperature extrapolation method | |
| Muijlwijk et al. | The temperatures at the transition points in solid oxygen | |
| Southard et al. | Low temperature specific heats. II. The calibration of the thermometer and the resistance of platinum, platinum-10% rhodium and constantan between-259 and-190 | |
| RU2229692C2 (en) | Procedure establishing temperature | |
| Lanzinger et al. | Measuring air temperature by using an ultrasonic anemometer | |
| Coates et al. | Measurement of the Difference between IPTS-68 and Thermodynamic Temperature in the Range 457° C to 630° C | |
| KR102599974B1 (en) | Measurement method of infrared thermometer with improved measurement reliability | |
| Scandurra et al. | Fast Johnson noise thermometry using a temperature dependent sensor | |
| Ding et al. | A Temperature Drift Correction Method for Microcalorimeter | |
| CN118112388A (en) | Diode thermal resistance testing equipment and testing method thereof | |
| JPS6038646B2 (en) | emissivity measurement method | |
| CN116576974A (en) | Self-calibration method of multichannel microwave radiometer |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |