CN107942146A - A kind of microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency test method and system - Google Patents
A kind of microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency test method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107942146A CN107942146A CN201711044159.3A CN201711044159A CN107942146A CN 107942146 A CN107942146 A CN 107942146A CN 201711044159 A CN201711044159 A CN 201711044159A CN 107942146 A CN107942146 A CN 107942146A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency test method and system.Receiver is calibrated first, the calibration equation of receiver is obtained by injecting matched load temperature known to bright temperature value and noise source temperature, the physical temperature of antenna for radiometer is obtained by temperature sensing means, scene known to bright temperature value is observed finally by radiometer, solution obtains the radiation efficiency of antenna.Compared with the conventional method, precision greatly promotes, and disclosure satisfy that radiometer system application demand, can not only be measured on ground but also after radiometer is in-orbit, can similarly carry out high-precision measurement.The method overcome that the precision of existing ground-plane antenna test method is poor, and can not inflight measurement antenna radiation efficiency limitation.This method realizes that simple, reliability is high, has a vast market application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Space Microwave remote sensing technology field, is related to a kind of microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency test method
And system.
Background technology
Microwave radiometer (Microwave Radiometer) is for measuring the passive of target itself microwave radiation energy
Remote sensing instrument, it radiates acquisition clarification of objective information by receiving the microwave noise of target itself, output data is carried out anti-
Drill, so that it may specific objective parameter (mainly bright temperature value) is obtained, so as to understand the physical characteristic of detection target.Substantially, microwave
Radiometer is a highly sensitive noise receiver.Microwave radiometer receives the bright temperature value from target by antenna, passes through
Antenna output signal is amplified to certain power after receiver, then carries out detection, it becomes possible to the magnitude of voltage of radiometer output is obtained,
The corresponding magnitude of voltage is exactly that radiometer receives power, and the bright temperature value of antenna end face reception can be just obtained by calibration.However,
Due to antenna itself non-ideal characteristic (radiation efficiency is not equal to 1), the portion of energy that it is received is in the form of thermal losses by antenna
Material absorbs, if the calibration of microwave radiometer can not cover antenna, radiometer measurement result will exist by antenna spoke
The error penetrated efficiency inaccuracy and brought, admittedly the high-precision measurement of radiation efficiency progress having to antenna determines, eliminates and is somebody's turn to do
Some effects.
At present, for antenna for radiometer radiation efficiency measuring method only in ground-plane antenna test process, by measuring, calculating
Obtain the directionality D of antenna0With antenna gain G0Subtract each other and obtain antenna radiation efficiency.However, the shortcomings that this measuring method, exists
In 1) influenced by Antenna testing system measurement accuracy, its measurement accuracy is generally below 0.2dB, also means that, can be to radiometer
Measurement accuracy brings the error of up to several K, far can not meet system use demand；2) this method needs the antenna on ground to survey
Completed in examination hall, test process is complicated；3) this method can only measure on ground, can not meet the in-orbit day of microwave radiometer
Beta radiation efficiency measurement demand.
The content of the invention
The technology of the present invention solves the problems, such as：Provide a kind of microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency test method and be
System, compared with prior art, can greatly promote antenna radiation efficiency precision using the present invention, disclosure satisfy that radiometer system application
Demand.Can not only be measured using this method on ground, and in orbit when can also carry out high-precision measurement.The party
Method overcome existing ground test microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency precision is poor and radiometer in orbit when can not
Measure the limitation of microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency.
The present invention technical solution be：
A kind of microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency test method, step are as follows：
1) calibration microwave radiometer receiver calibration slope and calibration bias；
2) scene known to bright temperature value is observed using microwave radiometer antenna, obtains the output electricity of microwave radiometer at this time
Pressure, measures the physical temperature of microwave radiometer antenna, and the bright temperature value of microwave radiometer receiver end face is calculated according to the calibration results；
3) according to the bright temperature value of bright temperature value and the microwave radiometer receiver end face of known scene, microwave radiation is calculated
Count antenna radiation efficiency.
The calibration microwave radiometer receiver calibration slope and the specific method of calibration biasing are：Connect to microwave radiometer
Receipts machine is injected separately into matched load temperatureAnd noise calibration source temperatureObtain microwave radiometer output with matching
Load temperature and the corresponding output voltage V of noise calibration source temperatureUAnd VHOT, microwave radiation is obtained by two-point potentionmetric
Count the calibration slope K and calibration biasing b of receiver.
The side of the calibration slope K and calibration biasing b that microwave radiometer receiver end face is obtained by two-point potentionmetric
Method is：
The bright temperature value T that microwave radiometer receiver end face is calculated according to the calibration resultsinSpecific formula be：
Wherein, VAOutput for the microwave radiometer obtained when observing scene known to bright temperature value using microwave radiometer antenna
Voltage.
The calculating microwave radiometer antenna radiometer efficiency etaLSpecific formula be：
Wherein, TAFor the bright temperature value of known scene, TPTo measure the physical temperature of obtained microwave radiometer antenna.
At a kind of test of microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency system, including scaling module, data acquisition module and data
Manage module；
Scaling module injects matched load temperature to microwave radiometer receiver and noise calibrates source temperature, obtains microwave
Radiometer output calibrates the corresponding output voltage of source temperature with matched load temperature and noise, legal by two-point calibration
The calibration slope and calibration for marking receiver bias；
Microwave radiometer exports when scene known to bright temperature value is observed in data collecting module collected microwave radiometer antenna end face
Output voltage, and gather the physical temperature of antenna；
Data processing module according to calibration slope, calibration biasing, known scene bright temperature value and microwave radiometer antenna
Physical temperature, calculates microwave radiometer antenna radiometer efficiency etaL。
The specific public affairs of the calibration slope K and calibration biasing b that microwave radiometer receiver is obtained by two-point potentionmetric
Formula is：
Wherein,For matched load temperature,Source temperature, V are calibrated for noiseUAnd VHOTRespectively microwave radiometer
Output with matched load temperatureAnd noise calibration source temperatureCorresponding output voltage.
The calculating microwave radiometer antenna radiometer efficiency etaLSpecific formula be：
Wherein, VAFor microwave radiometer antenna observation known to scene when microwave radiometer output voltage, TAFor known scene
Bright temperature value, TPTo measure the physical temperature of obtained microwave radiometer antenna.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
1) use present invention determine that antenna radiation efficiency, error is less than 0.05K after correction, disclosure satisfy that radiometer system makes
With demand, it can not only be measured on ground but also in radiometer operation on orbit, can similarly carry out high-precision measurement；
2) the method for the present invention only needs conventional radiation meter receiver front end increase matched load, noise reference source, Yi Ji
Lay thermistor on antenna to be used for measuring antenna physical temperature, test process is simple and convenient, can work in radiometer
While carry out antenna radiation efficiency measurement；
3), can in-orbit definite aerial radiation effect by observing cold empty or ground calibration field during microwave radiometer operation on orbit
Rate, solves the problems, such as that conventional method can not determine aerial radiation meter efficiency after microwave radiometer is in-orbit.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the present invention relates to microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency test method schematic diagram；
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency test method, including step are as follows：
(1) connect according to calibration equation, calibration microwave radiometer receiver calibration slope K and calibration biasing b microwave radiometers
Receipts machine calibration equation is：
V=KTin+b
Wherein, V is microwave radiometer output voltage, TinIt is oblique for calibration for the bright temperature value of microwave radiometer receiver end face, K
Rate, b bias for calibration.
Using noise reference source bright temperature value is inputted to microwave radiometer receiverMeasure microwave radiometer output electricity
Press and be：
Using matched load bright temperature value is inputted to microwave radiometer receiverMeasuring microwave radiometer output voltage is：
Simultaneous equations can bias b in the hope of calibration slope K and calibration：
(2) it is T that microwave radiometer, which observes bright temperature value,AKnown scene, obtain observe the scene when receiver end face it is bright
Temperature value Tin, by temperature survey means (such as thermistor temperature sensor), obtain the physical temperature T of antennaP.Measure microwave spoke
The output voltage result for penetrating meter is VA。
The bright temperature value that microwave radiometer receiver end face at this time is calculated by two-point calibration result is：
When microwave radiometer operation on orbit, it is only necessary to its antenna observation cold empty (bright temperature value is 2.7K) or ground calibration
Field can just obtain the scene of known bright temperature.
(3) antenna radiation efficiency is calculated
The bright temperature value in microwave radiometer antenna end face and the relation of the bright temperature value in microwave radiometer receiver end face are：
Tin=ηlTA+(1-ηl)Tp
Wherein, ηlFor antenna radiation efficiency.
Then antenna radiation efficiency ηLCalculation formula is：
At a kind of test of microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency system, including scaling module, data acquisition module and data
Manage module；
Scaling module injects matched load temperature to microwave radiometer receiver and noise calibrates source temperature, obtains microwave
Radiometer output calibrates the corresponding output voltage of source temperature with matched load temperature and noise, legal by two-point calibration
The calibration slope and calibration for marking receiver bias；
Microwave radiometer exports when scene known to bright temperature value is observed in data collecting module collected microwave radiometer antenna end face
Output voltage, and gather the physical temperature of antenna；
Data processing module according to calibration slope, calibration biasing, known scene bright temperature value and microwave radiometer antenna
Physical temperature, calculates microwave radiometer antenna radiometer efficiency etaL。
The specific public affairs of the calibration slope K and calibration biasing b that microwave radiometer receiver is obtained by two-point potentionmetric
Formula is：
Wherein,For matched load temperature,Source temperature, V are calibrated for noiseUAnd VHOTRespectively microwave radiometer
Output with matched load temperatureAnd noise calibration source temperatureCorresponding output voltage.
The calculating microwave radiometer antenna radiometer efficiency etaLSpecific formula be：
Wherein, VAFor microwave radiometer antenna observation known to scene when microwave radiometer output voltage, TAFor known scene
Bright temperature value, TP is the physical temperature of microwave radiometer antenna that measurement obtains.
The content not being described in detail in description of the invention belongs to the known technology of professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency test method, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
1) calibration microwave radiometer receiver calibration slope and calibration bias；
2) scene known to bright temperature value is observed using microwave radiometer antenna, obtains the output voltage of microwave radiometer at this time, surveyed
The physical temperature of microwave radiometer antenna is measured, the bright temperature value of microwave radiometer receiver end face is calculated according to the calibration results；
3) according to the bright temperature value of bright temperature value and the microwave radiometer receiver end face of known scene, microwave radiometer day is calculated
Beta radiation efficiency.
A kind of 2. microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described fixed
Mark microwave radiometer receiver calibration slope and the specific method of calibration biasing are：It is injected separately into microwave radiometer receiver
With load temperatureAnd noise calibration source temperatureObtain microwave radiometer output with matched load temperature and making an uproar
The corresponding output voltage V of sound calibration source temperatureUAnd VHOT, the calibration of microwave radiometer receiver is obtained by two-point potentionmetric
Slope K and calibration biasing b.
A kind of 3. microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency test method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is described logical
Cross the calibration slope K of two-point potentionmetric acquisition microwave radiometer receiver end face and the method for calibration biasing b is：
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A kind of 4. microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency test method according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that：Institute
State the bright temperature value T that microwave radiometer receiver end face is calculated according to the calibration resultsinSpecific formula be：
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Wherein, VAOutput voltage for the microwave radiometer obtained when observing scene known to bright temperature value using microwave radiometer antenna.
A kind of 5. microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency test method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The meter
Calculate microwave radiometer antenna radiometer efficiency etaLSpecific formula be：
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6. a kind of microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency tests system, it is characterised in that：Including scaling module, data acquisition module
And data processing module；
Scaling module injects matched load temperature to microwave radiometer receiver and noise calibrates source temperature, obtains microwave radiation
Meter output calibrates the corresponding output voltage of source temperature with matched load temperature and noise, is connect by two-point potentionmetric calibration
The calibration slope of receipts machine and calibration bias；
Microwave radiometer output is defeated when scene known to bright temperature value is observed in data collecting module collected microwave radiometer antenna end face
Go out voltage, and gather the physical temperature of antenna；
Data processing module is biased according to calibration slope, calibration, the physics of the bright temperature value and microwave radiometer antenna of known scene
Temperature, calculates microwave radiometer antenna radiometer efficiency etaL。
A kind of 7. microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency test system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：It is described logical
Cross the calibration slope K of two-point potentionmetric acquisition microwave radiometer receiver and the specific formula of calibration biasing b is：
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Wherein,For matched load temperature,Source temperature, V are calibrated for noiseUAnd VHOTRespectively microwave radiometer exports
With matched load temperatureAnd noise calibration source temperatureCorresponding output voltage.
A kind of 8. microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency test system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The meter
Calculate microwave radiometer antenna radiometer efficiency etaLSpecific formula be：
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Wherein, VAFor microwave radiometer antenna observation known to scene when microwave radiometer output voltage, TAFor the bright of known scene
Temperature value, TPTo measure the physical temperature of obtained microwave radiometer antenna.
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| CN201711044159.3A CN107942146A (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2017-10-31 | A kind of microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency test method and system |
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| CN201711044159.3A CN107942146A (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2017-10-31 | A kind of microwave radiometer antenna radiation efficiency test method and system |
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Cited By (12)
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| CN108646303A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-12 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of inflight measurement error correcting method based on proportionality coefficient |
| CN110119001A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-13 | 上海清江实业有限公司 | Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer system and its calibrating method |
| CN110231669A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-09-13 | 杭州浅海科技有限责任公司 | A kind of the ground radiometer and its calibrating method of real-time calibration |
| CN111239502A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-06-05 | 湖南人文科技学院 | Distributed microwave radiometer system based on leaky-wave antenna |
| CN111273091A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-12 | 南京航空航天大学 | Low-cost and high-efficiency method for measuring radiation efficiency of lossy multiport antenna array |
| CN111337758A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-26 | 南京航空航天大学 | Antenna radiation efficiency measuring method based on reverberation chamber |
| CN111948617A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-17 | 上海航天电子通讯设备研究所 | Method and system for testing microwave emissivity of reflector antenna |
| CN112067140A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-11 | 上海航天测控通信研究所 | Multi-level microwave synthetic aperture calibration device and method for sea surface temperature detection |
| CN113092869A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-07-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | Antenna port standing-wave ratio measuring method of antenna/radio frequency integrated radiometer |
| CN113175997A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-27 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | Method for testing sky brightness temperature by using horn antenna |
| CN113341238A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-09-03 | 北方天穹信息技术（西安）有限公司 | Method for measuring antenna directional diagram by utilizing solar radiation |
| CN116576974A (en) * | 2023-07-14 | 2023-08-11 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | Self-calibration method of multichannel microwave radiometer |
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Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108646303A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-12 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of inflight measurement error correcting method based on proportionality coefficient |
| CN110231669A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-09-13 | 杭州浅海科技有限责任公司 | A kind of the ground radiometer and its calibrating method of real-time calibration |
| CN110119001A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-13 | 上海清江实业有限公司 | Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer system and its calibrating method |
| CN110119001B (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2024-04-30 | 上海清江实业有限公司 | Foundation microwave radiometer system and calibration method thereof |
| CN111273091A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-12 | 南京航空航天大学 | Low-cost and high-efficiency method for measuring radiation efficiency of lossy multiport antenna array |
| CN111239502B (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2022-01-28 | 湖南人文科技学院 | Distributed microwave radiometer system based on leaky-wave antenna |
| CN111239502A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-06-05 | 湖南人文科技学院 | Distributed microwave radiometer system based on leaky-wave antenna |
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| CN111337758A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-26 | 南京航空航天大学 | Antenna radiation efficiency measuring method based on reverberation chamber |
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| CN111948617B (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2024-04-12 | 上海航天电子通讯设备研究所 | Method and system for testing microwave emissivity of reflecting surface antenna |
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| CN113092869A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-07-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | Antenna port standing-wave ratio measuring method of antenna/radio frequency integrated radiometer |
| CN113175997A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-27 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | Method for testing sky brightness temperature by using horn antenna |
| CN113175997B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2023-11-24 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | Method for testing sky brightness temperature by horn antenna |
| CN113341238A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-09-03 | 北方天穹信息技术（西安）有限公司 | Method for measuring antenna directional diagram by utilizing solar radiation |
| CN116576974A (en) * | 2023-07-14 | 2023-08-11 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | Self-calibration method of multichannel microwave radiometer |
| CN116576974B (en) * | 2023-07-14 | 2023-09-29 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | Self-calibration method of multichannel microwave radiometer |
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