CN113295424A - Automobile engine knock sensor based on fiber grating array - Google Patents
Automobile engine knock sensor based on fiber grating array Download PDFInfo
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- CN113295424A CN113295424A CN202110697372.4A CN202110697372A CN113295424A CN 113295424 A CN113295424 A CN 113295424A CN 202110697372 A CN202110697372 A CN 202110697372A CN 113295424 A CN113295424 A CN 113295424A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
- G01M15/10—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
- G01H9/006—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors the vibrations causing a variation in the relative position of the end of a fibre and another element
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
- G01M15/12—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring vibrations
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an automobile engine knock sensor based on a fiber grating array, belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing and engine knock monitoring, and aims to solve the problem that an existing knock sensor is inaccurate in measurement due to the fact that an electronic sensor is easily subjected to electromagnetic interference. The fiber bragg grating sensor comprises a shell, a diamond-structure elastomer, a fiber bragg grating, an upper mass block, a lower mass block and a demodulation module, wherein the upper mass block and the lower mass block are respectively arranged on the upper part and the lower part of an inner cavity of the shell; the horizontal diagonal of the elastic body with the diamond structure clamps the fiber bragg grating, the tail end of the fiber bragg grating extends out of the shell, and the tail end of the fiber bragg grating is provided with a tail fiber; the vibration signal of the engine is captured by the two mass blocks of the sensor to form a vibration signal in the vertical direction, and the fiber bragg grating converts the vibration signal in the vertical direction of the mass blocks into a horizontal strain signal and transmits the horizontal strain signal to the demodulation module through the tail fiber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a knock sensor, and belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing and engine knock monitoring.
Background
In 2020, the number of motor vehicles in China is up to 3.72 hundred million, wherein 2.81 million automobiles are kept; automobile drivers reach 4.56 million people, with automobile drivers 4.18 million people. The motor vehicles 3328 are newly registered in the whole country, 114 thousands of vehicles are added in the same year, and 2231 thousands of new license drivers are registered in the new country. With such a large vehicle inventory, when engine knocking occurs during vehicle running, unexpected consequences will occur, and therefore, the research of the engine knock sensor is indispensable. Knocking is a very harmful phenomenon for the engine, the main detriments being: the engine power is reduced, the oil consumption is increased, the noise is increased, the automobile comfort is poor, the emission is deteriorated (the interior and the exterior of the automobile can smell serious strange odor, sometimes the pollution of one automobile can be equivalent to the pollution generated when more than 200 automobiles are in a normal state, the body health of a driver and passengers is seriously influenced), and cylinder knocking, engine flameout and damage to mechanical parts of the engine can be caused in the most serious condition, so that the personal safety or the great economic loss is brought to the automobile owner.
Knocking is disordered combustion (namely, deflagration), and the deflagration is an abnormal combustion phenomenon caused by the spontaneous combustion of mixed gas at the tail end in a combustion chamber of a gasoline engine, and can not only generate sharp knocking cylinder sound, but also cause parts of a piston, a connecting rod, a crankshaft and the like of the engine to be excessively impacted, and cause the phenomenon of overheating and the like of the engine, so that the service life of the engine is greatly shortened, and the deflagration of the engine must be controlled.
From the analysis of the optimal ignition advance angle, in order to exert the potential of the gasoline engine to the maximum extent, the ignition advance angle should be controlled at the critical ignition point, and the engine cannot be detonated at the same time. In order for the ignition system to meet such requirements, in addition to the electronically controlled ignition system, knock feedback control must be employed for the ignition advance angle. For this purpose, it is necessary to detect cylinder pressure or other relevant parameters for determining engine knocking, and an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) determines whether the engine knocks based on an input signal from a knock sensor, and issues a corresponding execution command.
Most of the existing knock sensors adopt electronic sensors, such as piezoelectric ceramics or induction coils, but the electronic sensors are easily subjected to electromagnetic interference, so that the measurement is inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that an existing knock sensor is inaccurate in measurement due to the fact that an electronic sensor is prone to electromagnetic interference, and provides an automobile engine knock sensor based on a fiber grating array.
The invention relates to an automobile engine knock sensor based on a fiber bragg grating array, which comprises a shell 1, a diamond-shaped structure elastomer 2, a fiber bragg grating 3, an upper mass block 4, a lower mass block 5 and a demodulation module 9, wherein the upper mass block 4 and the lower mass block 5 are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of an inner cavity of the shell 1, and two ends of a vertical diagonal line of the diamond-shaped structure elastomer 2 are respectively embedded and fixed in the upper mass block 4 and the lower mass block 5; the fiber bragg grating 3 is clamped by the horizontal diagonal of the elastic body 2 with the diamond-shaped structure, the tail end of the fiber bragg grating 3 extends out of the shell 1, and a tail fiber 6 is arranged at the tail end of the fiber bragg grating 3;
the vibration signal of the engine is captured by the two mass blocks of the sensor to form a vibration signal in the vertical direction, and the fiber bragg grating 3 converts the vibration signal in the vertical direction of the mass blocks into a horizontal strain signal and transmits the horizontal strain signal to the demodulation module 9 through the tail fiber 6.
Preferably, the demodulation module 9 includes an AWG (Arrayed Waveguide Grating) 9-1, an SLD (Super Luminescent Diode) light source 9-2, a plurality of photoelectric converters 9-3, an ARM processor 9-4, and a CAN bus 9-5;
an Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) processor 9-4 provides a control instruction for an SLD light source 9-2, the SLD light source 9-2 provides a stable light source for a fiber grating 3 through a tail fiber 6, an optical signal which is output by the tail fiber 6 and carries a horizontal strain signal is input into an AWG array waveguide grating 9-1, the AWG array waveguide grating 9-1 selects a corresponding channel according to a wavelength range reflected by the optical signal, the optical signal is converted into a knock intensity electric signal through a photoelectric converter 9-3 in the corresponding channel and is sent to an input end of the ARM processor 9-4, and the ARM processor 9-4 sends the received knock intensity electric signal out through a CAN bus 9-5.
Preferably, the electronic control unit 10 of the ECU is further included, and the electronic control unit 10 of the ECU receives a knock intensity signal detected by a knock sensor through the CAN bus 9-5.
Preferably, deformation reserved spaces exist between two ends of a horizontal diagonal line of the elastic body 2 with the diamond structure and the inner walls of the left side and the right side of the shell 1.
Preferably, a deformation reserved space exists between the upper mass block 4 and the top end of the shell 1, and a gap exists between the upper mass block 4 and the left and right inner walls of the shell 1, so that the upper mass block 4 is pulled to slide up and down along the inner wall of the shell 1 when the elastic body 2 with the diamond structure deforms.
Preferably, the fiber grating optical fiber connector further comprises a grating fixing unit 7 and a T-shaped connecting block 8, wherein the grating fixing unit 7 is used for clamping the fiber grating 3 to extend to the tail end and the tail fiber 6 outside the housing 1, and the grating fixing unit 7 is arranged on the outer side wall of the housing 1 through the T-shaped connecting block 8.
Preferably, the fiber grating 3 is a fiber bragg grating.
Preferably, the pretreatment process for the fiber grating 3: the coating layer of the fiber Bragg grating is stripped by using a wire stripper, the residual coating layer is erased by using alcohol, the fiber Bragg grating with the coating layer removed is subjected to prestress treatment in the horizontal direction, and then the fiber Bragg grating is fixed in the elastic body 2 with the diamond structure.
The invention also provides another technical scheme: a vehicle comprising an automotive engine knock sensor based on a fiber grating array according to the present disclosure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the knock sensor is directly arranged on an engine cylinder body and is used for monitoring destructive detonation caused by the fact that the ignition advance angle of an engine is over advanced. The ignition advance angle is delayed, so that the engine is separated from a detonation area, the service life of the engine is prevented from being influenced, and the engine is prevented from being damaged.
The knock sensor designed by the invention has a simple structure and is easy to package and manufacture, the vibration in the vertical direction received by the mass block is converted into the horizontal strain of the fiber bragg grating by using the elastic body with the diamond structure, the wavelength information is extracted according to the drift of the central wavelength and is sent to the ECU (electronic control unit) as a knock intensity signal, and the ECU outputs the optimal ignition advance angle according to the feedback detection information to eliminate the knock.
The invention adopts the fiber bragg grating to replace the traditional electronic sensor, is not interfered by electromagnetism and has accurate measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automobile engine knock sensor based on a fiber grating array according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a measurement schematic block diagram of an automobile engine knock sensor based on a fiber grating array according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described below with reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2, and the automobile engine knock sensor based on the fiber grating array according to the present embodiment includes a housing 1, a diamond-shaped elastic body 2, a fiber grating 3, an upper mass block 4, a lower mass block 5, and a demodulation module 9, wherein the upper mass block 4 and the lower mass block 5 are respectively disposed above and below an inner cavity of the housing 1, and two ends of a vertical diagonal line of the diamond-shaped elastic body 2 are respectively embedded and fixed in the upper mass block 4 and the lower mass block 5; the fiber bragg grating 3 is clamped by the horizontal diagonal of the elastic body 2 with the diamond-shaped structure, the tail end of the fiber bragg grating 3 extends out of the shell 1, and a tail fiber 6 is arranged at the tail end of the fiber bragg grating 3; the fiber grating 3 is a fiber bragg grating.
The vibration signal of the engine is captured by the two mass blocks of the sensor to form a vibration signal in the vertical direction, and the fiber bragg grating 3 converts the vibration signal in the vertical direction of the mass blocks into a horizontal strain signal and transmits the horizontal strain signal to the demodulation module 9 through the tail fiber 6.
The demodulation module 9 comprises an AWG array waveguide grating 9-1, an SLD light source 9-2, a plurality of photoelectric converters 9-3, an ARM processor 9-4 and a CAN bus 9-5;
the ARM processor 9-4 provides a control instruction for the SLD light source 9-2, the SLD light source 9-2 provides a stable light source for the fiber grating 3 through the tail fiber 6, an optical signal which is output by the tail fiber 6 and carries a horizontal strain signal is input into the AWG array waveguide grating 9-1, the AWG array waveguide grating 9-1 selects a corresponding channel according to a wavelength range reflected by the optical signal, the optical signal is converted into a knock intensity electric signal through the photoelectric converter 9-3 in the corresponding channel and sent to the input end of the ARM processor 9-4, and the ARM processor 9-4 sends the received knock intensity electric signal out through the CAN bus 9-5.
Further, still include grating fixed unit 7 and T type connecting block 8, grating fixed unit 7 is used for centre gripping fiber grating 3 to extend to the outside tail end of shell 1 and tail optical fiber 6, and grating fixed unit 7 passes through T type connecting block 8 and sets up the lateral wall at shell 1.
Further, the system also comprises an ECU (electronic control unit) 10, wherein the ECU 10 receives a knock intensity signal detected by a knock sensor through a CAN (controller area network) bus 9-5.
The fiber bragg grating 3 in the automobile engine knock sensor based on the fiber bragg grating array in the embodiment adopts the fiber bragg grating, the excellent characteristic of absolute wavelength coding is realized by the fiber bragg grating, and the physical quantities such as temperature, strain and the like can be accurately measured, so the fiber bragg grating can be applied to places with strong electromagnetic interference, when the fiber bragg grating is used, the initial fiber bragg grating is preprocessed firstly, a coating layer of the fiber bragg grating is stripped by using a wire stripper, the residual coating layer is erased by using alcohol, and the fiber bragg grating with the coating layer removed is subjected to prestress processing in the horizontal direction, so that the fiber bragg grating can be straightened by enough stress in the initial state and then is fixed in the elastic body 2 with the diamond structure. When the engine knocks, the knock sensor detects impact vibration transmitted from the cylinder body to cause mechanical resonance, and when the upper mass block 4 and the lower mass block 5 vibrate up and down in the vertical direction, the elastic body 2 with the diamond structure can convert the vertical vibration into horizontal stretching of the fiber grating 3 to cause horizontal strain of the fiber grating 3 and dynamic change of central wavelength, then accessing the demodulation module 9, in particular to accessing the output signal of the fiber grating 3 into the AWG array waveguide grating 9-1 through the tail fiber 6, selecting a channel according to the wavelength range reflected by the optical signal, outputting the channel to a photoelectric converter 9-3 of a corresponding channel, outputting an electric signal to an ARM processor 9-4 to process the electric signal after the conversion of the photoelectric converter 9-3, generating a knock intensity signal, and then transmitted to the electronic control unit ECU 10 through the CAN bus 9-5. The ECU electronic control unit 10 controls the timing of sending the ignition signal according to the intensity of the knocking, specifically, the signal intensity sent by the knocking sensor is compared with a threshold value set in the ECU electronic control unit 10, if the knocking intensity is higher than the set threshold value, the engine fault alarm works, and the alarm volume is higher when the specific knocking intensity is higher. At the moment, the ECU 10 converts the received knock intensity signal into an ignition advance angle signal, and sends an ignition delay signal to the ignition assembly according to the magnitude of the knock intensity until the knock disappears.
The knock sensor of the present embodiment is mounted directly on the engine block and is used to monitor destructive knocking that occurs when the engine spark advance angle is too advanced. The ignition advance angle is delayed, so that the engine is separated from a detonation area, the service life of the engine is prevented from being influenced, and the engine is prevented from being damaged.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that there are deformation reserved spaces between the two ends of the horizontal diagonal line of the elastic body 2 with the diamond structure and the left and right inner walls of the housing 1. A deformation reserved space exists between the upper mass block 4 and the top end of the shell 1, and a gap exists between the upper mass block 4 and the left and right inner walls of the shell 1, so that the upper mass block 4 is pulled to slide up and down along the inner wall of the shell 1 when the elastic body 2 with the diamond structure deforms.
When the rhombus structure elastomer 2 is compressed and deformed up and down, the left and right length is increased, the rhombus structure elastomer 2 simultaneously displaces left and right, and the distance between the left and right sides of the rhombus structure elastomer 2 and the inner wall of the left and right sides of the shell 1 is used for providing a reserved space for the displacement caused by the deformation.
Similarly, highly grow from top to bottom when tensile deformation takes place from top to bottom as rhombus structure elastomer 2, rhombus structure elastomer 2 upwards takes place the displacement, it will be pushed up to go up quality piece 4, it upwards displaces to go up quality piece 4 along with it, the headspace on last quality piece 4 and casing 1 top is the displacement that this kind of deformation arouses this moment and provides the space, slide from top to bottom smoothly in order to let go up quality piece 4, there is the clearance between the left and right sides inner wall of going up quality piece 4 and casing 1, this clearance size is less than the deformation headspace, only do not take place the friction with casing 1 when sliding from top to bottom in order to guarantee to go up quality piece 4 because of this clearance can.
The third concrete implementation mode: the vehicle of the embodiment comprises the automobile engine knock sensor based on the fiber grating array according to the embodiment.
Claims (9)
1. The automobile engine knock sensor based on the fiber bragg grating array is characterized by comprising a shell (1), a diamond-structure elastic body (2), a fiber bragg grating (3), an upper mass block (4), a lower mass block (5) and a demodulation module (9), wherein the upper mass block (4) and the lower mass block (5) are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of an inner cavity of the shell (1), and two ends of a vertical diagonal line of the diamond-structure elastic body (2) are respectively embedded and fixed in the upper mass block (4) and the lower mass block (5); the fiber bragg grating (3) is clamped by the horizontal diagonal of the elastic body (2) with the diamond-shaped structure, the tail end of the fiber bragg grating (3) extends out of the shell (1), and a tail fiber (6) is arranged at the tail end of the fiber bragg grating (3);
the vibration signal of the engine is captured by the two mass blocks of the sensor to form a vibration signal in the vertical direction, the fiber bragg grating (3) converts the vibration signal in the vertical direction of the mass blocks into a horizontal strain signal, and the horizontal strain signal is transmitted to the demodulation module (9) through the tail fiber (6).
2. The automobile engine knock sensor based on the fiber grating array according to claim 1, wherein the demodulation module (9) comprises an AWG arrayed waveguide grating (9-1), an SLD light source (9-2), a plurality of photoelectric converters (9-3), an ARM processor (9-4) and a CAN bus (9-5);
the ARM processor (9-4) provides a control instruction for the SLD light source (9-2), the SLD light source (9-2) provides a stable light source for the fiber grating (3) through the tail fiber (6), an optical signal which is output by the tail fiber (6) and carries a horizontal strain signal is input into the AWG array waveguide grating (9-1), the AWG array waveguide grating (9-1) selects a corresponding channel according to a wavelength range reflected by the optical signal, the optical signal is converted into a knock intensity electric signal through the photoelectric converter (9-3) in the corresponding channel and sent to the input end of the ARM processor (9-4), and the ARM processor (9-4) sends the received knock intensity electric signal out through the CAN bus (9-5).
3. The automobile engine knock sensor based on the fiber grating array according to claim 2, further comprising an ECU electronic control unit (10), wherein the ECU electronic control unit (10) receives a knock intensity signal detected by the knock sensor through a CAN bus (9-5).
4. The automobile engine knock sensor based on the fiber bragg grating array according to claim 1, wherein deformation reserved spaces exist between two ends of a horizontal diagonal line of the elastic body (2) with the diamond structure and inner walls of left and right sides of the shell (1).
5. The automobile engine knock sensor based on the fiber bragg grating array according to claim 1, wherein a deformation reserved space exists between the upper mass block (4) and the top end of the shell (1), and a gap exists between the upper mass block (4) and the left and right inner walls of the shell (1), so that the upper mass block (4) is pulled to slide up and down along the inner wall of the shell (1) when the diamond-shaped elastic body (2) deforms.
6. The automobile engine knock sensor based on the fiber grating array according to claim 1, further comprising a grating fixing unit (7) and a T-shaped connecting block (8), wherein the grating fixing unit (7) is used for clamping the fiber grating (3) to extend to the tail end outside the housing (1) and the tail fiber (6), and the grating fixing unit (7) is arranged on the outer side wall of the housing (1) through the T-shaped connecting block (8).
7. The automobile engine knock sensor based on the fiber grating array according to claim 1, wherein the fiber grating (3) is a fiber bragg grating.
8. The automobile engine knock sensor based on the fiber grating array according to claim 7, wherein the pretreatment process of the fiber grating (3) comprises the following steps: the coating layer of the Bragg fiber grating is stripped by using a wire stripper, the residual coating layer is erased by using alcohol, the Bragg fiber grating with the coating layer removed is subjected to prestress treatment in the horizontal direction, and then the Bragg fiber grating is fixed in the elastic body (2) with the diamond structure.
9. A vehicle comprising a fiber grating array based automotive engine knock sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110697372.4A CN113295424A (en) | 2021-06-23 | 2021-06-23 | Automobile engine knock sensor based on fiber grating array |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110697372.4A CN113295424A (en) | 2021-06-23 | 2021-06-23 | Automobile engine knock sensor based on fiber grating array |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116519113A (en) * | 2023-07-04 | 2023-08-01 | 山东科技大学 | Method for measuring vibration of object to be measured based on fiber bragg grating and vibration sensor |
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| CN116519113A (en) * | 2023-07-04 | 2023-08-01 | 山东科技大学 | Method for measuring vibration of object to be measured based on fiber bragg grating and vibration sensor |
| CN116519113B (en) * | 2023-07-04 | 2023-09-26 | 山东科技大学 | Method for measuring vibration of object to be measured based on fiber bragg grating and vibration sensor |
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