CN113295395A - System and method for testing flow coefficient of electromagnetic proportional valve - Google Patents
System and method for testing flow coefficient of electromagnetic proportional valve Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for testing the flow coefficient of an electromagnetic proportional valve. Calculating a flow coefficient and a Reynolds number through the pressure values of the oil inlet and the oil outlet of the electromagnetic proportional valve measured for multiple times and the flow meter, and establishing a relation function between the flow coefficient and the Reynolds number of the electromagnetic proportional valve; and under the condition that the Reynolds number of the electromagnetic proportional valve is obtained in advance, finding out the flow coefficient corresponding to the Reynolds number of the electromagnetic proportional valve through the relation function formula. The condition that only one fixed value of flow coefficient is taken under the condition that subjective factors such as experience are only used for determining the flow coefficient and the change of the flow state is not considered is avoided, so that the flow value of the valve at the corresponding moment can be theoretically and accurately calculated, and the problem that the theoretical calculated flow deviation is large is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electromagnetic proportional valves, in particular to a system and a method for testing a flow coefficient of an electromagnetic proportional valve.
Background
At present, when the flow of the electromagnetic proportional valve is calculated theoretically, the flow is generally passed through according to the orifice throttling principleTesting pressure P at inlet of electromagnetic proportional valveinPressure P at the outletoutCombined with the flow area A of the valve coreSFluid density ρ and flow coefficient CdAnd calculating the flow passing through the valve core of the electromagnetic proportional valve. The basic reason why the flow calculated by the method has a large error with the flow verified by actual test is that the flow coefficient adopted in calculation is usually a fixed empirical value of about 0.61, the numerical value of the flow coefficient actually changes in real time under the condition that the flow state of the liquid changes, and a relatively accurate flow coefficient C which changes in real time cannot be obtained when the flow of the electromagnetic proportional valve is actually calculateddTherefore, the error between the theoretically calculated flow of the electromagnetic proportional valve and the actual flow is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for testing the flow coefficient of an electromagnetic proportional valve, aiming at the defects in the prior art, the real-time flow coefficient of the electromagnetic proportional valve can be accurately obtained, the more accurate flow value of the valve can be calculated by the flow coefficient, the error between the flow value and the actual flow value is small, and the requirement on the accuracy of theoretical calculation of the flow is met.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a flow coefficient test system of an electromagnetic proportional valve is characterized by comprising a double-acting variable pump, a pilot overflow valve, a flow meter, a shutoff valve and two pressure gauges;
the double-acting variable pump is connected with an electromagnetic proportional valve of which the flow coefficient is to be determined through an oil inlet pipeline, and pumps oil in an oil tank into the electromagnetic proportional reversing valve;
a first pressure gauge and a shutoff valve are arranged on the oil inlet pipeline; the first pressure gauge is used for measuring the pressure value of an oil inlet of the electromagnetic proportional valve; the shutoff valve is used for adjusting the pressure of an oil inlet of the electromagnetic proportional valve;
the electromagnetic proportional valve is communicated with an oil tank through an oil return pipeline and the pilot overflow valve; the pilot overflow valve is used for adjusting the pressure of an oil outlet of the electromagnetic proportional valve;
a second pressure gauge and a flowmeter are arranged on the oil return pipeline; the second pressure gauge is used for measuring the pressure value of an oil outlet of the electromagnetic proportional valve; the flow meter is used for measuring the flow of the oil outlet of the electromagnetic proportional valve;
calculating a flow coefficient and a Reynolds number by measuring the pressure value of an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the electromagnetic proportional valve and the flow meter for multiple times, and establishing a relation function between the flow coefficient and the Reynolds number of the electromagnetic proportional valve;
and under the condition that the Reynolds number of any electromagnetic proportional valve to be measured with the same specification as that of the electromagnetic proportional valve is obtained in advance, calculating the flow coefficient corresponding to the Reynolds number of the electromagnetic proportional valve to be measured by the relation function.
And a safety valve is also arranged on the oil inlet pipeline.
The opening pressure of the safety valve is higher than the pressure of each element on the pilot overflow valve, the oil inlet pipeline and/or the oil outlet pipeline.
A method for testing the flow coefficient of an electromagnetic proportional valve is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, calculating different corresponding flow coefficients C of the electromagnetic proportional valve under different flow QqAnd Reynolds number Re；
Step 2, calculating a flow coefficient C according to each flowqAnd corresponding Reynolds number ReEstablishing a flow coefficient CqAnd Reynolds number ReFitting a function relation C of the two by a least square methodq＝f(Re)；
In step 1, calculating corresponding flow coefficient C under different flow QqComprises the following steps:
measuring the pressure P at the inlet of the electromagnetic proportional valveinPressure P at the outletoutAnd hold Pin-PoutThe corresponding flow Q in the case of a constant,the position of the valve core of the fixed electromagnetic proportional valve is kept unchanged, and the flow area A of the valve core is obtained according to the position and the structure of the valve core of the electromagnetic proportional valveSCalculating the flow coefficient C according to the formula (1) in combination with the fluid density rhoqA value;
in step 1, calculating corresponding Reynolds numbers R under different flow rates QeComprises the following steps:
on the basis of the measured flow rate Q, the Reynolds number R corresponding to the flow rate Q is calculated by the equations (2) and (3)e：
Wherein D ishIs the hydraulic diameter, upsilon is the kinematic viscosity of the liquid, and x is the wet circumference.
In step 2, a least square method is adopted, and the flow coefficient C is fitted by using the formulas (4) and (5)qAnd Reynolds number ReFunctional relation of the twoq＝f(Re)：
f(Re)＝a0+a1Re+a2Re 2+a3Re 3+.........akRe k (4)
Wherein, Loss is the target of least square fitting, a0、a1、a2、...akK +1 fitting coefficients to be solved, k is less than or equal to n, k is the fitting polynomial order, n is the total test times, CqiFor the corresponding flow coefficient, R, calculated under the ith flow testeiThe corresponding reynolds number calculated under the ith flow test.
Further, in step 3, a Reynolds number R 'of any electromagnetic proportional valve to be tested with the same specification as the electromagnetic proportional valve is obtained in advance'eThe method comprises the following steps:
wherein V, rho and mu are respectively the flow velocity, the liquid density and the viscosity coefficient of the fluid, and d is a characteristic length.
Further, the electromagnetic proportional directional valve is respectively adjusted to a left position and a right position, and the functions C corresponding to the flow coefficient and Reynolds number of the left position and the right position are respectively fitted by adopting the steps 1 to 3q＝f(Re) And calculating the flow coefficient of the left or right flow channel corresponding to the electromagnetic proportional valve to be tested by utilizing the function under the condition that the Reynolds number of any electromagnetic proportional valve to be tested with the same specification as that of the electromagnetic proportional valve is obtained in advance.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the testing system and the method can make a curve relation between the flow coefficient and the Reynolds value of the electromagnetic proportional valve, fit a relation function between the flow coefficient and the Reynolds value through a least square method, can quickly and accurately determine the real-time flow coefficient of the valve under the condition that the Reynolds number of the valve is determined in any mode, and avoid the condition that only subjective factors such as experience are used for determining the flow coefficient, but the flow coefficient of a fixed value is used under the condition that the change of a flow state is not considered, so that the flow value of the valve at the corresponding moment can be theoretically and accurately calculated, and the problem of large deviation of the theoretically calculated flow is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flow coefficient test;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of orifice throttling;
FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of the flow coefficient versus Reynolds number variation as measured by the test system in one embodiment;
description of reference numerals: 1-pilot overflow valve, 2-flowmeter, 3-electromagnetic proportional valve, 4-pressure gauge, 5-shutoff valve, 6-safety valve and 7-double-acting variable pump.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the flow coefficient testing system of the electromagnetic proportional valve of the present embodiment includes a pilot overflow valve 1, a pilot overflow valve 2, a flow meter 4, a shutoff valve 5, a safety valve 6, a double-acting variable displacement pump 7, and an electromagnetic proportional directional valve 3 whose flow coefficient is to be determined.
The double-acting variable pump 7 pumps oil in the oil tank into the electromagnetic proportional reversing valve 3 and is used for providing a power oil source for the test system.
And an oil inlet pipeline connected between the double-acting variable pump 7 and the electromagnetic proportional directional valve 3 is provided with a pressure gauge 4 and a stop valve 5. The pressure gauge 4 is used for measuring the pressure value of an oil inlet of the electromagnetic proportional directional valve 3. The shutoff valve 5 is used for adjusting the pressure value of the oil inlet of the electromagnetic proportional directional valve 3, so that the test requirement is met.
An oil return pipeline of the electromagnetic proportional directional valve 3 is communicated to an oil tank through a pilot overflow valve 1. The pilot overflow valve 1 is used for adjusting the pressure of an oil outlet of the electromagnetic proportional directional valve 3, so that the pressure difference of the oil inlet and the oil outlet is controlled.
And a pressure gauge and a flowmeter 2 are arranged on an oil return pipeline connected between the electromagnetic proportional reversing valve 3 and the pilot overflow valve 1, and the pressure gauge is used for measuring the pressure value of an oil outlet of the electromagnetic proportional reversing valve 3. The flowmeter 2 is used for measuring the flow of the oil outlet of the electromagnetic proportional directional valve 3.
And the oil inlet pipeline is also provided with a safety valve 6, and the safety valve 6 is connected in the oil inlet pipeline behind the double-acting variable pump. The opening pressure of the safety valve 6 is higher than the pressure of the pilot overflow valve 1, the safety valve 6 is not opened under normal conditions, and when the pipeline pressure of the test system is too high, the safety valve 6 is opened, and system elements are protected to be safe by the safety valve 6. The safety valve sets an opening pressure higher than the working pressure of all elements in the pipeline.
The electromagnetic proportional directional valve 3 is a standard electromagnetic proportional directional valve of any selected specification, and is firstly used as a tested piece, and the flow coefficient of the valve of the specification and the law function of Reynolds number can be obtained by measuring the pressure and the flow of an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the electromagnetic proportional directional valve 3, so that the flow coefficient of the electromagnetic proportional directional valve to be tested can be quickly and accurately obtained under the condition that the Reynolds number of any electromagnetic proportional directional valve to be tested of the same specification as that of the standard electromagnetic proportional directional valve is obtained by adopting other modes or approaches.
Example 2
The method for testing the flow coefficient of the electromagnetic proportional valve comprises the following steps:
calculating the flow Q of the electromagnetic proportional valve according to the formula (1):
wherein Q is the flow through the electromagnetic proportional valve, CqIs the flow coefficient, ASIs the valve core flow area of the electromagnetic proportional valve, rho is the fluid density, PinIs the pressure at the inlet, PoutIs the outlet pressure.
Measuring the pressure P at the inletinPressure P at the outletoutAnd flow Q, then fixing the position of the valve core of the electromagnetic proportional valve to be kept unchanged, and obtaining the flow area A of the valve core according to the position and the structure of the valve coreSThen calculating the flow coefficient CqDifferent flow coefficient C can be obtained by different flowq。
By the following formula:
wherein R iseIs Reynolds number, DhIs the hydraulic diameter, upsilon is the liquid kinematic viscosity, and x is the wet circumference, i.e. the circumference of the tube wall of the cross section. The liquid kinematic viscosity upsilon is a fixed value, and the liquid kinematic viscosity upsilon and the flow area A can be found according to the type of an oil product injected into the electromagnetic proportional valveSThe wet circumference x can be obtained according to the position and the structure of the valve core, and the Reynolds number R corresponding to the flow Q can be calculated by the formulas (2) and (3) on the basis of the flow Q measured by the formula (1)e。
According to the calculated flow coefficient C under each flowqAnd corresponding Reynolds number ReValue, establishing a flow coefficient CqAnd Reynolds number ReFitting a function relation C of the two by a least square methodq＝f(Re)：
f(Re)＝a0+a1Re+a2Re 2+a3Re 3+.........akRe k (4)
Wherein Loss is the sum of squares of errors, the target of least squares fitting, a0、a1、a2、...akK +1 fitting coefficients to be solved, k is less than or equal to n, k is the fitting polynomial order, CqiFor the corresponding flow coefficient, R, calculated under the ith flow testeiAnd calculating the corresponding Reynolds number under the ith flow test, wherein n is the total test times.
Fitting to obtain C by least square fitting toolq＝f(Re) And makes the function.
According to C madeq＝f(Re) Function that can be quickly and accurately performed in the event that the valve Reynolds number has been previously obtained in any mannerThe flow coefficient is determined, so that the condition that only one fixed flow coefficient is taken under the condition that subjective factors such as experience are only used when the flow coefficient is determined and the change of the flow state is not considered is avoided.
The specific testing process of the method is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 and 2:
the double-acting variable pump 7 is started, the electromagnetic proportional reversing valve 3 is adjusted to the left position, oil passes through the oil inlet path pressure gauge 4 and the shutoff valve 5 and then passes through the left position of the electromagnetic proportional reversing valve 3, the oil inlet path is connected with the oil outlet path through a pipeline, then passes through the oil return path of the electromagnetic proportional reversing valve 3, then passes through the flowmeter 2, then passes through the oil return path pressure gauge, and finally enters the oil tank after being adjusted in pressure by the pilot overflow valve 1.
After the system normally operates, the 1 st adjustment test is carried out, firstly, the stop valve 5 in front of the electromagnetic proportional directional valve 3 is adjusted to enable the pressure gauge 4 of the oil inlet line to reach a set value Pin1Then the pilot overflow valve 1 is adjusted to make the pressure meter of the oil outlet reach the set value Pout1In maintaining Pin1-Pout1At constant, the corresponding reading Q of the flowmeter 2 is recorded1The position of the valve core of the fixed electromagnetic proportional directional valve 3 is kept unchanged, and the flow area A of the valve core is obtained according to the position of the valve core and the structure of the valve coresThen, the above data is substituted into the following formula (1) to calculate the flow coefficient Cq1The value and the flow rate can obtain different flow rate coefficients Cq1。
Wherein Q is the flow through the electromagnetic proportional valve, CqIs the flow coefficient, ASIs the valve core flow area of the electromagnetic proportional valve, rho is the fluid density, PinIs the pressure at the inlet, PoutIs the outlet pressure.
The liquid kinematic viscosity upsilon is a fixed value, and the liquid kinematic viscosity upsilon and the flow area A can be found according to the type of an oil productsThe wet circumference x can be obtained according to the displacement and the structure of the valve core, and the flow Q is measured according to the above1The corresponding Reynolds number R can be calculated by the following two formulas (2) and (3)e1；
Performing the 2 nd adjustment test, repeating the above steps, adjusting the shutoff valve 5 in front of the electromagnetic proportional directional valve 3 to make the pressure gauge 4 of the oil inlet line reach the set value Pin2Then the pilot overflow valve 1 is adjusted to make the pressure meter of the oil outlet reach the set value Pout2In maintaining Pin2-Pout2At constant conditions, the corresponding reading Q on the flowmeter 2 is recorded2The position of the valve core of the fixed electromagnetic proportional reversing valve is kept unchanged, and the flow area A of the valve core is obtained according to the position of the valve core and the structure of the valve coresThen, the data are substituted into the formula (1) to calculate the flow coefficient Cq2The value and the flow rate can obtain different flow rate coefficients Cq2. The liquid kinematic viscosity upsilon is a fixed value, and the liquid kinematic viscosity upsilon and the flow area A can be found according to the type of an oil productsThe wet circumference x can be obtained according to the displacement and the structure of the valve core, and the flow Q is measured according to the above2The corresponding Reynolds number R can be calculated from the two formulas (2) and (3)e2；
Repeating the above steps until the nth adjustment test is carried out, and continuously adjusting the stop valve 5 in front of the electromagnetic proportional directional valve 3 to enable the oil inlet pressure gauge 4 to reach the set value PinnThen the pilot overflow valve 1 is adjusted to make the pressure meter of the oil outlet reach the set value PoutnIn maintaining Pinn-PoutnAt constant conditions, the corresponding reading Q on the flowmeter 2 is recordednThe position of the valve core of the fixed electromagnetic proportional reversing valve is kept unchanged, and the flow area A of the valve core is obtained according to the position of the valve core and the structure of the valve coresThen, the data are substituted into the formula (1) to calculate the flow coefficient CqnValue, different flow rates may result in different flowsCoefficient of measure Cqn. The liquid kinematic viscosity upsilon is a fixed value, and the liquid kinematic viscosity upsilon and the flow area A can be found according to the type of an oil productsThe wet circumference x can be obtained according to the displacement and the structure of the valve core, and the flow Q is measured according to the abovenThe corresponding Reynolds number R can be calculated from the two formulas (2) and (3)en。
Different flow coefficients C calculated according to the ith adjustment testqiAnd corresponding Reynolds number ReiValues, plotting the flow coefficients C in a coordinate systemqiAnd corresponding Reynolds number ReCoordinate points, as shown in fig. 3.
Flow coefficient C calculated from the testqiAnd corresponding Reynolds number ReiFitting a function C according to the least squares method of the formulas (4) and (5)q＝f(Re)，
f(Re)＝a0+a1Re+a2Re 2+a3Re 3+.........akRe k (4)
According to C madeq＝f(Re) And the function can quickly and accurately obtain the flow coefficient of the electromagnetic proportional directional valve to be tested under the condition that the Reynolds number of any electromagnetic proportional directional valve to be tested with the same specification as that of the standard electromagnetic proportional directional valve is obtained by adopting other modes or ways.
The method for obtaining the reynolds number of the electromagnetic proportional directional valve to be measured can adopt some methods in the prior art, and in this embodiment, only one calculation method is shown, and the reynolds number R 'is calculated by adopting the formula (6)'e：
Wherein V, rho and mu are respectively the flow velocity, the liquid density and the viscosity coefficient of the fluid, and d is a characteristic length. E.g., fluid flowing through a circular pipe, then d is the equivalent diameter of the pipe.
Because the flow channels of the left position and the right position of the electromagnetic proportional directional valve are not completely the same and the flow coefficient and the Reynolds number are different, in order to obtain a more accurate flow coefficient, the difference of the flow coefficients of the left position flow channel and the right position flow channel of the electromagnetic proportional directional valve with the same specification is also considered, the same test process needs to be carried out on the left position and the right position, and the functions C corresponding to the flow coefficients of the left position and the right position and the Reynolds number are respectively fittedq＝f(Re) When the flow coefficient of the left or right flow channel of any electromagnetic proportional directional valve with the same specification is required to be obtained by using the function, the Reynolds number of the electromagnetic proportional directional valve can be obtained by other methods, and then the function C corresponding to the fitted flow coefficient of the left or right flow channel and the Reynolds number is obtainedq＝f(Re) And correspondingly obtaining the flow coefficient of the flow channel corresponding to the electromagnetic proportional directional valve.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A flow coefficient test system of an electromagnetic proportional valve is characterized by comprising a double-acting variable pump, a pilot overflow valve, a flow meter, a shutoff valve and two pressure gauges;
the double-acting variable pump is connected with an electromagnetic proportional valve of which the flow coefficient is to be determined through an oil inlet pipeline, and pumps oil in an oil tank into the electromagnetic proportional reversing valve;
a first pressure gauge and a shutoff valve are arranged on the oil inlet pipeline; the first pressure gauge is used for measuring the pressure value of an oil inlet of the electromagnetic proportional valve; the shutoff valve is used for adjusting the pressure of an oil inlet of the electromagnetic proportional valve;
the electromagnetic proportional valve is communicated with an oil tank through an oil return pipeline and the pilot overflow valve; the pilot overflow valve is used for adjusting the pressure of an oil outlet of the electromagnetic proportional valve;
a second pressure gauge and a flowmeter are arranged on the oil return pipeline; the second pressure gauge is used for measuring the pressure value of an oil outlet of the electromagnetic proportional valve; the flow meter is used for measuring the flow of the oil outlet of the electromagnetic proportional valve;
calculating a flow coefficient and a Reynolds number by measuring the pressure value of an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the electromagnetic proportional valve and the flow meter for multiple times, and establishing a relation function between the flow coefficient and the Reynolds number of the electromagnetic proportional valve;
and under the condition that the Reynolds number of any electromagnetic proportional valve to be measured with the same specification as that of the electromagnetic proportional valve is obtained in advance, calculating the flow coefficient corresponding to the Reynolds number of the electromagnetic proportional valve to be measured by the relation function.
2. The testing system of claim 1, wherein a safety valve is further disposed on the oil inlet line.
3. The test system according to claim 2, wherein the opening pressure of the safety valve is higher than the pressure of the pilot relief valve, elements on the oil inlet line and/or elements on the oil outlet line.
4. A method for testing the flow coefficient of an electromagnetic proportional valve is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, calculating different corresponding flow coefficients C of the electromagnetic proportional valve under different flow QqAnd Reynolds number Re；
Step 2, calculating a flow coefficient C according to each flowqAnd corresponding Reynolds number ReEstablishing a flow coefficient CqAnd Reynolds number ReFitting a function relation C of the two by a least square methodq＝f(Re)；
Step 3, utilizing the prepared Cq＝f(Re) And calculating the flow coefficient corresponding to the electromagnetic proportional valve to be measured under the condition that the Reynolds number of any electromagnetic proportional valve to be measured with the same specification as the electromagnetic proportional valve is obtained in advance.
5. The testing method according to claim 4, wherein in step 1, the corresponding flow coefficient C under different flow Q is calculatedqComprises the following steps:
measuring the pressure P at the inlet of the electromagnetic proportional valveinPressure P at the outletoutAnd hold Pin-PoutThe corresponding flow Q under the constant condition is fixed, the position of the valve core of the fixed electromagnetic proportional valve is kept unchanged, and the flow area A of the valve core is obtained according to the position and the valve core structure of the valve core of the electromagnetic proportional valveSCalculating the flow coefficient C according to the formula (1) in combination with the fluid density rhoqA value;
6. the testing method according to claim 5, wherein in step 1, Reynolds numbers R corresponding to different flow rates Q are calculatedeComprises the following steps:
on the basis of the measured flow rate Q, the Reynolds number R corresponding to the flow rate Q is calculated by the equations (2) and (3)e：
Wherein D ishIs the hydraulic diameter, upsilon is the kinematic viscosity of the liquid, and x is the wet circumference.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step 2, the flow coefficient C is fitted by using the formula (4) and (5) by using a least square methodqAnd Reynolds number ReFunctional relation of the twoq＝f(Re)：
f(Re)＝a0+a1Re+a2Re 2+a3Re 3+.........akRe k (4)
Wherein, Loss is the target of least square fitting, a0、a1、a2、...akK +1 fitting coefficients to be solved, k is less than or equal to n, k is the fitting polynomial order, n is the total test times, CqiFor the corresponding flow coefficient, R, calculated under the ith flow testeiThe corresponding reynolds number calculated under the ith flow test.
8. The test method of claim 4, wherein in step 3, a Reynolds number R 'of any electromagnetic proportional valve to be tested with the same specification as that of the electromagnetic proportional valve is obtained in advance'eThe method comprises the following steps:
wherein V, rho and mu are respectively the flow velocity, the liquid density and the viscosity coefficient of the fluid, and d is a characteristic length.
9. The test method according to claim 4, wherein the electromagnetic proportional directional valve is adjusted to a left position and a right position respectively, and the functions C corresponding to the flow coefficient and Reynolds number of the left position and the right position are fitted respectively by adopting the steps 1 to 3q＝f(Re) And calculating the flow coefficient of the left or right flow channel corresponding to the electromagnetic proportional valve to be tested by utilizing the function under the condition that the Reynolds number of any electromagnetic proportional valve to be tested with the same specification as that of the electromagnetic proportional valve is obtained in advance.
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| CN202110566748.8A CN113295395A (en) | 2021-05-24 | 2021-05-24 | System and method for testing flow coefficient of electromagnetic proportional valve |
| PCT/CN2021/096567 WO2022246776A1 (en) | 2021-05-24 | 2021-05-28 | System and method for testing flow coefficient of electromagnetic proportional valve |
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| CN111982213A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-11-24 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Flow measurement method and system for nuclear reactor simulation fuel assembly |
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