CN113292289B - Anti-freezing concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Anti-freezing concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113292289B
CN113292289B CN202110562459.0A CN202110562459A CN113292289B CN 113292289 B CN113292289 B CN 113292289B CN 202110562459 A CN202110562459 A CN 202110562459A CN 113292289 B CN113292289 B CN 113292289B
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concrete
agent
parts
frost
water
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CN113292289A (en
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李宏
宫旭基
任莉
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Haiyang Li'an Building Materials Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
    • C04B2111/343—Crack resistant materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/76—Use at unusual temperatures, e.g. sub-zero
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Abstract

The application relates to the field of concrete, and particularly discloses antifreezing concrete and a preparation method thereof. The antifreeze concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of portland cement, 15-20 parts of water, 32-45 parts of sand, 46-55 parts of pebbles, 13-22 parts of filler, 0.8-1.2 parts of water reducing agent, 3-5 parts of anti-crack fiber, 8-15 parts of rubber particles, 0.5-1 part of waterproof agent, 0.1-0.3 part of antifreezing agent and 0.3-0.6 part of air entraining agent, wherein the surface of the concrete is coated with a surface reinforcing agent. The anti-cracking fiber in the concrete can improve the anti-cracking performance of the concrete, reduces crack generation, reduces moisture permeation, the elastic modulus of the concrete can be improved by the rubber particles and the anti-cracking fiber, the air entraining agent is introduced into air holes in the concrete, the frost heaving pressure can be buffered, the freeze-thaw damage is reduced, the waterproof agent has a waterproof effect, the impermeability is increased, the moisture permeation is reduced, and the freeze-thaw resistance is improved.

Description

Anti-freezing concrete and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of concrete, in particular to frost-resistant concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In cold regions, concrete is easy to be damaged by freezing and thawing, particularly concrete structures at positions in contact with water, such as dams, bridge bottoms and the like, are easy to be damaged by freezing and thawing, and the freezing and thawing damage is usually expressed in two aspects of surface degradation, internal frost cracking and structural strength reduction.
The concrete often adopts the mode of adding air entraining agent to improve inside pore structure, improve elastic modulus, thereby reduce the destruction of dynamic volume to the concrete, but the closely knit degree of air bubble that the air entraining agent produced also can reduce the concrete, cause the moisture infiltration, the closely knit degree of concrete and whether have crack and inside pore structure etc. all can cause the influence to the freeze-thaw resistance performance of concrete, the concrete closely knit degree is not enough to make the moisture infiltration easily, who freezes under cold condition, can cause the concrete to produce the freeze-thaw destruction.
In view of the above-mentioned related art, the inventors found that the use of the air-entraining agent can reduce the influence of freeze thawing on the concrete to some extent, but the air-entraining agent has an influence on the impermeability and compactness of the concrete, and thus the freeze thawing resistance effect is to be enhanced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce surface cracks and improve the compactness of concrete and the freezing and thawing resistance of the concrete, the application provides the frost-resistant concrete.
In a first aspect, the application provides a frost resistant concrete which adopts the following technical scheme:
the antifreeze concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of portland cement, 15-20 parts of water, 32-45 parts of sand, 46-55 parts of stones, 13-22 parts of fillers, 0.8-1.2 parts of water reducing agents, 3-5 parts of anti-cracking fibers, 8-15 parts of rubber particles, 0.5-1 part of waterproofing agents, 0.1-0.3 part of antifreezing agents and 0.3-0.6 part of air entraining agents, wherein the surface of the concrete is coated with a surface reinforcing agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the crack resistance of the concrete can be improved by adding the anti-cracking fibers into the concrete, the generation of cracks is reduced, so that the freeze-thaw damage caused by water infiltration can be reduced, the elastic modulus of the concrete can be improved by the rubber particles and the anti-cracking fibers, when the concrete is subjected to water seepage and freeze thawing, the elastic modulus is high, the deformation to a certain degree can be adapted, the condition that the concrete is frozen and cracked is reduced, the early-stage concrete freezing in pouring can be reduced by adding the antifreezing agent, the early-strength effect is achieved, the air holes are introduced into the concrete by the air entraining agent, the activity space during water frost heaving is improved, the frost cracking of the concrete caused by overlarge pressure is reduced, the impermeability can be increased by the waterproof agent, the waterproof effect is achieved, the water infiltration is reduced, and the freeze-thaw resistance is further improved.
Preferably, the glass fiber mesh cloth is laid on the mortar layer of the concrete.
By adopting the technical scheme, the glass fiber mesh cloth can increase the surface strength, reduce surface cracks and reduce water infiltration, and can effectively resist the surface degradation caused by freeze thawing and improve the frost resistance of concrete.
Preferably, the water repellent is an inorganic aluminum salt water repellent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent and a hydration product in cement are subjected to chemical-word reaction to generate a double-salt calcium sulfoaluminate crystal with certain expansibility. The capillary through holes formed in the hardening process of cement mortar can be blocked and filled, and the water is reduced to permeate along the through capillary holes, so that the compactness of a cement mortar waterproof layer is improved, and the purposes of water prevention and seepage prevention are achieved.
Preferably, the air entraining agent is triterpenoid saponin which is a nonionic surfactant type air entraining agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the size and the structure of the air bubbles in the concrete greatly influence the concrete, the communicated capillary tube is easy to seep water to influence the impermeability and frost resistance of the concrete, and the triterpenoid saponin has a larger molecular structure, so that the formed molecular membrane is thicker, the elasticity and the strength of the air bubble wall are higher, the air bubbles can be kept relatively stable, the air bubbles in the concrete are fine, stable and good in structure, the loss of the impermeability and the strength of the concrete is small, and the frost resistance is obviously increased.
Preferably, the anti-crack fibers are organic synthetic fibers.
By adopting the technical scheme, the organic synthetic fiber has good local anti-cracking performance and certain elasticity, can buffer the pressure generated by frost heaving of water to a certain extent, is relatively stable, can resist long-time bubbles, and can reduce frost heaving cracks.
Preferably, the filler is a mixture of fly ash and silica fume with the mass ratio of 1.8-1.2.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fly ash and the silica fume which are in proper proportion are mixed, the silica fume belongs to the ultrafine powder, the strength and compactness of concrete can be improved, a capillary tube is filled, and the impermeability is improved, so that the freeze-thaw resistance is provided.
Preferably, the antifreezing agent is a chlorine-free salt antifreezing agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the chloride can play the roles of effectively reducing water and lowering the freezing point, but is easy to rust reinforcing steel bars in concrete, and the chloride-free antifreeze is an additive mainly compounded by nitrite, nitrate, carbonate and urea, can realize early strength and freeze prevention, and can reduce the influence on the reinforcing steel bars.
Preferably, the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent has better water reducing performance, can effectively reduce water consumption, and the efficient water reducing agent improves the pore structure inside concrete, so that the pores are uniformly distributed, and the compactness and strength of the concrete are improved, thereby improving the impermeability and frost resistance.
Preferably, the rubber particles have a particle size of 1 to 2mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the rubber particles and the sand of the concrete can form better gradation at any time due to the particle size, the rubber particles with proper particle size can realize elastic buffering in the concrete and the water shrinkage and expansion in the concrete, the occurrence of frost cracking is reduced, the larger the rubber particles, the better the elastic buffering is, but the rubber particles are too large, and the rubber particles are easy to cause cracks to influence the impermeability.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a frost-resistant concrete, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of frost-resistant concrete comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing raw materials, mixing and stirring portland cement, a filler, anti-crack fibers and rubber particles for 1min, then adding sand, stones and water, and continuously and rapidly stirring for 4min;
s2: adding a water reducing agent, an antifreezing agent, an air entraining agent and a waterproof agent into the mixture, and stirring for 1min to obtain a concrete casting material;
s3: pouring the concrete pouring material into a mould, and extracting slurry after vibrating; s4: curing and demolding the concrete, and coating a surface reinforcing agent on the hardened surface.
By adopting the technical scheme, the surface mortar layer is formed through the slurry extracting process to wrap the glass fiber mesh cloth, so that the crack resistance and the ablation resistance of the surface layer can be improved, and meanwhile, the anti-permeability of the surface can be further enhanced by coating the surface reinforcing agent on the surface, the moisture permeation is reduced, and the freeze-thaw resistance of the concrete is further improved.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the rubber particles and the anti-cracking fibers can improve the elastic modulus and the anti-cracking performance of concrete, when the concrete is subjected to water seepage and generates freeze thawing, the elastic modulus is high, the concrete can be deformed to a certain degree, the condition that the concrete is frozen and cracked is reduced, the antifreezing agent is added, the concrete can be prevented from being frozen in the early pouring stage, the early strengthening effect is achieved, the air entraining agent is introduced into air holes in the concrete, the activity space during water frost heaving is improved, the concrete frost cracking is reduced, the water proofing agent can increase the impermeability, the waterproof effect is achieved, the water seepage is reduced, and further the freeze thawing resistance is improved.
2. Because the triterpenoid saponin has a larger molecular structure, the formed molecular membrane is thicker, the elasticity and the strength of the bubble wall are higher, the bubbles can be kept relatively stable, the bubbles in the concrete are fine, stable and good in structure, the loss of the concrete and the impermeability and the strength is small, and the frost resistance is obviously increased.
3. The glass fiber mesh cloth is laid on the surface of the concrete, the surface mortar layer is formed through the slurry extracting process, the glass fiber mesh cloth is wrapped, the crack resistance and the ablation resistance of the surface layer can be improved, meanwhile, the anti-permeability performance of the surface can be further enhanced by coating the surface reinforcing agent on the surface, the moisture permeation is reduced, and therefore the freeze-thaw resistance of the concrete is improved.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The raw materials used in the present application are commercially available and are obtained from the sources shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure RE-GDA0003163502700000031
Figure RE-GDA0003163502700000041
Examples
Example 1
The antifreeze concrete is prepared by adopting the following method:
s1: 30kg of portland cement, 13kg of filler, 3kg of anti-crack fibers and 8kg of rubber particles are weighed and placed into a stirrer, mixed and stirred for 1min at the rotating speed of 300r/min, then added with 32kg of sand, 46kg of stones and 15kg of water, and continuously and rapidly stirred for 4min. The filler is a mixture of fly ash and silica fume with the mass ratio of 1. The particle size of the stones is 5-8mm.
S2: and continuously adding 0.8kg of water reducing agent, 0.5kg of antifreezing agent, 0.1kg of air entraining agent and 0.3kg of waterproofing agent into the stirrer, stirring for 1min to obtain a concrete pouring material, wherein the rotating speed of the stirrer is 300r/min to obtain the concrete pouring material. The water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, the antifreezing agent is a chloride-free salt antifreezing agent, the air entraining agent is a nonionic surfactant, namely triterpenoid saponin, and the waterproof agent is adopted.
S3: pouring the concrete pouring material into a mould, paving glass fiber mesh cloth on the surface layer of the concrete after vibrating and compacting, and extracting the concrete to wrap the glass fiber mesh cloth in a mortar layer extracted from the surface layer.
S4: and curing and stripping the concrete, and coating a surface reinforcing agent on the hardened surface.
Example 2
The antifreeze concrete is different from the antifreeze concrete in the mixture ratio of the raw materials in example 1, and the mixture ratio of the raw materials of each component is shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure RE-GDA0003163502700000042
Figure RE-GDA0003163502700000051
Example 3
The antifreeze concrete is different from the concrete in example 1 in the mixture ratio of the raw materials, and the mixture ratio of the raw materials of each component is shown in the table 2.
Example 4
An antifreeze concrete, which is different from the concrete of example 3 in that a fiberglass mesh is not laid on the surface of the concrete.
Example 5
The antifreeze concrete is different from the concrete in example 3 in that an organic silicon type water repellent is used as the water repellent.
Example 6
An antifreeze concrete is different from the concrete in example 3 in that sodium abietate is used as an air entraining agent.
Example 7
A frost resistant concrete, differing from example 3 in that the air entraining agent employed was sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
Example 8
An antifreeze concrete, which is different from the concrete of example 3 in that polyester fibers are used as the anti-crack fibers.
Example 9
The antifreeze concrete is different from the concrete in example 3 in that the anti-crack fiber adopts a mixture of polypropylene fiber and polyester fiber with the mass ratio of 1.
Example 10
Antifreeze concrete, which is different from the concrete in example 3, wherein the filling material is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1:0.8 of a mixture of fly ash and silica fume.
Example 11
Antifreeze concrete, which is different from the concrete in example 3, wherein the filling material is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1:1.2 of a mixture of fly ash and silica fume.
Example 12
A frost-resistant concrete which differs from example 3 in that the rubber particles have a particle size of 2 to 3mm.
Example 13
An antifreeze concrete is different from the concrete of example 3 in that a chlorine salt type antifreeze is used as an antifreeze.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
A frost resistant concrete, differing from example 3 in that no anti-crack fibres were added.
Comparative example 2
A frost resistant concrete, differing from example 3 in that no surface enhancing agent is applied to the concrete surface.
Comparative example 3
A frost-resistant concrete differs from example 3 in that no rubber particles are added.
Comparative example 4
A frost-resistant concrete which differs from example 3 in that no water repellent is added.
Comparative example 5
A frost-resistant concrete differs from example 3 in that no air-entraining agent is added.
Performance test
According to GB/T50082-2009 test method standards for long-term performance and durability of ordinary concrete, a test piece is manufactured according to a test piece die and the method of each embodiment in the application, curing is performed according to the test method standards for long-term performance and durability of ordinary concrete after the test piece die is manufactured, and after the curing is completed, a surface reinforcing agent is coated according to each embodiment in the application. And the test piece was subjected to a freeze-thaw experiment.
Taking out the test piece in 25 times of freeze-thaw cycle, wiping off surface moisture, weighing the mass of the test piece, and recording the damage and crack conditions of the surface of the test piece. And (3) testing and recording the mass, the relative dynamic elastic modulus and the compressive strength of the concrete test piece subjected to the freeze-thaw cycle effects of 0 time, 25 times, 200 times and 300 times, calculating the mass loss rate and the compressive strength loss rate, and recording the mass loss rate and the compressive strength loss rate in a table 3.
TABLE 3
Figure RE-GDA0003163502700000061
As can be seen by combining examples 1 to 13 and comparative examples 1 to 5 and table 3, the addition of the anti-crack fibers in the scheme of the application can effectively reduce the quality loss and compressive strength loss caused by freeze thawing, and the more the number of freeze thawing times is, the more the effect is obvious, the anti-crack fibers can reduce cracks generated after long-term use, thereby improving the impermeability and reducing the frost cracking;
the addition of rubber particles has similar effect to that of anti-crack fibers, and can reduce the generation of cracks in the repeated freeze-thawing process; the air entraining agent can improve the internal structure of the concrete, introduce air holes and improve the freeze-thaw resistance, and meanwhile, the waterproof agent can increase the impermeability, so that the damage of the freeze-thaw to the concrete is reduced. The surface enhancer has a very good effect on preventing moisture from permeating in the early stage of freeze thawing.
It can be seen from the combination of examples 3 and 4 and table 3 that the concrete without the glass fiber mesh cloth has a large mass loss especially at the early stage of freeze thawing in the using process, because the glass fiber mesh cloth has a strong reinforcing effect on the surface and has a good anti-erosion effect on the concrete surface.
It can be seen from the combination of examples 3 and 5 and table 3 that the inorganic aluminum salt waterproofing agent has a better effect, probably because it is difficult to resist moisture penetration due to hydrophobicity alone under the condition of water pressure, and the inorganic aluminum salt waterproofing agent can fill gaps and has better impermeability.
As can be seen by combining examples 3, 6 and 7 and table 3, the concrete with the added triterpene saponin has better frost resistance, and other air entraining agents generate bubble structures which are not as good as the triterpene saponin, so the anti-permeability effect is poor.
It can be seen from the combination of examples 3, 10 and 11 and table 3 that the larger the silica fume addition, the better the frost resistance of the concrete, and the silica fume can fill the pores inside the concrete to improve the compactness of the concrete, thereby improving the impermeability and the freeze-thaw resistance.
As can be seen by combining examples 3 and 12 with Table 3, the rubber particles are enlarged, the frost resistance of the concrete is reduced, and cracks are generated when the rubber particles are too large, which affects the impermeability and the freeze-thaw resistance.
It can be seen from the combination of examples 3 and 13 and table 3 that the freeze-thaw resistance can be improved by using the chlorine-free salt type antifreeze agent, which can cause corrosion of the internal reinforcing steel bars, and cracks are easily generated after corrosion, thereby affecting the freeze-thaw resistance.
The specific embodiments are only for explaining the present application and are not limiting to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications to the embodiments without inventive contribution as required after reading the present specification, but all the embodiments are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (6)

1. The antifreeze concrete is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of portland cement, 15-20 parts of water, 32-45 parts of sand, 46-55 parts of stones, 13-22 parts of fillers, 0.8-1.2 parts of water reducing agent, 3-5 parts of anti-cracking fibers, 8-15 parts of rubber particles, 0.5-1 part of waterproof agent, 0.1-0.3 part of antifreezing agent and 0.3-0.6 part of air entraining agent;
a glass fiber mesh cloth is laid in the mortar layer of the concrete; the concrete surface is coated with a surface reinforcing agent; the particle size of the rubber particles is 1-2mm; the air entraining agent is triterpenoid saponin;
the preparation method of the anti-freezing concrete comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing raw materials, mixing and stirring portland cement, a filler, anti-crack fibers and rubber particles for 1min, then adding sand, stones and water, and continuously and rapidly stirring for 4min;
s2: adding a water reducing agent, an antifreezing agent, an air entraining agent and a waterproof agent into the mixture, and stirring for 1min to obtain a concrete casting material;
s3: pouring the concrete pouring material into a mould, paving glass fiber gridding cloth on the surface layer of the concrete after vibrating, and extracting slurry from the concrete to wrap the glass fiber gridding cloth in a mortar layer extracted from the surface layer;
s4: and curing and stripping the concrete, and coating a surface reinforcing agent on the hardened surface.
2. Frost resistant concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: the waterproof agent is an inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent.
3. Frost resistant concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: the anti-crack fiber is organic synthetic fiber.
4. Frost resistant concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: the filler is a mixture of fly ash and silica fume with the mass ratio of 1.8-1.2.
5. Frost concrete in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the antifreezing agent is a chlorine-free salt antifreezing agent.
6. Frost concrete in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
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CN114230304B (en) * 2021-12-23 2022-11-08 绵竹市铸诚混凝土有限公司 Environment-friendly anti-freezing concrete and preparation method thereof
CN114605119A (en) * 2022-03-22 2022-06-10 深圳市东大洋建材有限公司 Anti-freezing and anti-cracking concrete
CN114656213A (en) * 2022-03-26 2022-06-24 绍兴市文军砂浆股份有限公司 High-strength anti-permeability anti-freezing concrete and preparation method thereof
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