CN113292144B - Stable sunlight seawater desalination reactor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Stable sunlight seawater desalination reactor and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113292144B
CN113292144B CN202110609926.0A CN202110609926A CN113292144B CN 113292144 B CN113292144 B CN 113292144B CN 202110609926 A CN202110609926 A CN 202110609926A CN 113292144 B CN113292144 B CN 113292144B
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chamber
photocathode
anode
salt flow
flow chamber
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CN113292144A (en
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江丰
李林涛
李艳
方雨苏
蔡红卫
赵伟东
纳比勒·艾哈迈德·阿卜杜勒·加尼
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South China Normal University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
    • C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
    • C02F2001/425—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange using cation exchangers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower, fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/05—Conductivity or salinity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a stable sunlight seawater desalination reactor and a preparation method thereof, and the reactor comprises a photocathode chamber provided with a photocathode, an anode chamber provided with an anode, wherein the photocathode is connected with the anode through a lead; the redox solution circulates between the photocathode chamber and the anode chamber; the photocathode chamber is provided with a light transmission window, sunlight irradiates on a photocathode through the light transmission window, the first salt flow chamber and the second salt flow chamber are positioned between the photocathode chamber and the anode chamber, the first salt flow chamber and the photocathode chamber are separated through a cation exchange membrane, the second salt flow chamber and the anode chamber are separated through an anion exchange membrane, and the first salt flow chamber and the second salt flow chamber are separated through an anion exchange membrane. The reactor uses sunlight as energy, does not need additional power supply, utilizes a stable photocathode, is formed by combining an anode, a redox solution and an ion exchange membrane, has simple structure, low cost and low energy consumption, is continuously stable, is expected to realize low-energy-consumption seawater desalination in the future, and greatly reduces the energy consumption of seawater desalination.

Description

Stable sunlight seawater desalination reactor and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seawater desalination, in particular to a stable sunlight seawater desalination reactor and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the increase of population and social development, the demand of human beings on fresh water resources is more and more, and the fresh water resources in partial regions are extremely deficient, thus greatly influencing the normal life of human beings. On the earth, 97% of water resources are seawater and occupy about 70% of the surface area of the earth, and seawater can be used as a raw material to produce continuous fresh water resources through a seawater desalination process. However, the current distillation method and the electrodialysis method consume more energy, have limited yield and high energy consumption and device cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the primary object of the present invention is to provide a stable sunlight seawater desalination reactor, wherein a cathode of the reactor is a photocathode, the photocathode is connected to an anode through a wire, the photocathode can fully utilize sunlight without additional power supply, and the sunlight is used as an energy source to generate an oxidation-reduction reaction between a photocathode chamber and an anode chamber, so that negatively-charged ions in the cathode chamber are increased, and positively-charged ions in the anode chamber are increased, thereby attracting cations in a first saline flow chamber to flow to the cathode chamber, and an oxidation-reduction solution is circulated between the photocathode chamber and the anode chamber, so that the cations in the cathode chamber are brought to the anode chamber, and the cations in the anode chamber and a second saline flow chamber form a concentration difference, and the cations permeate into the second saline flow chamber through a cation exchange membrane and attract anions in the first saline flow chamber to flow to the second saline flow chamber, thereby continuously reducing the concentration of the ions in the first saline flow chamber, and continuously increasing the concentration of the seawater desalination of the sunlight. The photocathode has good stability and high adaptability with the anode, and particularly, the photocathode has extremely high adaptability with the modified anode. In addition, the preparation method of the photocathode is simple, low in cost, environment-friendly and nontoxic, the photocathode is applied to the field of solar seawater desalination for the first time, the preparation method related to the reactor is flexible and high in controllability, and the purposes of cost control and adaptation to different external environments are achieved by selecting materials of the absorption layer and the buffer layer to change the surface structure of the photocathode and selecting the anode.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a stable reactor for desalinating seawater by using sunlight, comprising,
a photocathode chamber in which a photocathode is disposed;
the anode chamber is provided with an anode, and the photocathode is connected with the anode through a lead;
a redox solution that circulates between the photocathode chamber and the anode chamber;
the first salt flow chamber and the second salt flow chamber are positioned between the photocathode chamber and the anode chamber, seawater is contained in the first salt flow chamber, the first salt flow chamber and the photocathode chamber are isolated, the second salt flow chamber and the anode chamber are isolated through a cation exchange membrane, and the first salt flow chamber and the second salt flow chamber are isolated through an anion exchange membrane;
wherein the photocathode chamber is provided with a light-transmitting window, and sunlight irradiates on the photocathode through the light-transmitting window.
The photocathode is composed of a back electrode layer, an absorption layer, a buffer layer, a passivation layer and a surface catalyst which are sequentially stacked on a substrate.
The absorption layer is made of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 Or CuBiS 3 The thickness is 800-1300 nm; the buffer layer is CdS, znS, znCdS or In 2 S 3 The thickness of the film is 30-130 nm.
The anode is selected from one of carbon paper, carbon cloth, modified carbon paper, modified carbon cloth and a Pt sheet electrode.
Preferably, the anode is made of modified carbon paper or modified carbon cloth.
The Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 Or CuBiS 3 The absorption layer is grown by spray pyrolysis method, wherein Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 The absorption layer is made of Cu (NO) 3 ) 2 、Zn(NO 3 ) 2 、Sn(CH 3 SO 3 ) 2 And SC (NH) 2 ) 2 Spraying the mixed solution as raw material onto the heated back electrode layer at 300-500 deg.c for 5-15min to grow in thickness of 800-1300 nm; cuBiS 3 The absorption layer is made of Cu (NO) 3 ) 2 、BiNO 3 And SC (NH) 2 ) 2 The mixed solution is used as a raw material, and is sprayed on the heated back electrode layer, the heating temperature is 300-500 ℃, the heating spraying time is 5-15min, and the growth thickness is 800-1300 nm.
Preferably, the carbon cloth or the carbon paper is modified by the following process: firstly, adopting adhesive tape to adhere and strip the carbon paper or the carbon cloth electrode for 5-10 times or grinding the carbon cloth or the carbon paper electrode by sand paper to roughen the carbon paper or the carbon paper electrode, and then loading a Pt or Pt/C catalyst on the surface of the roughened carbon cloth or carbon paper electrode;
preferably, the loading of the Pt/C catalyst adopts the following process: dispersing a solution containing a Pt/C catalyst on the roughened carbon cloth or carbon paper electrode, and then placing the carbon cloth or carbon paper electrode in an inert atmosphere to anneal for 5-15min at 400-600 ℃;
the Pt loading adopts the following process: taking 0.2-1 mM chloroplatinic acid precursor solution, placing the roughened carbon cloth or carbon paper electrode in the precursor solution, irradiating for 10-30mins by using an ultraviolet lamp, and dispersing Pt nano particles on the surface of the electrode after photo-deposition, wherein the particle size of the Pt nano particles is 2-10 nm.
The surface catalyst is Pt, pt/C, ni, pt/Ni or Co nano-particles, and the particle size range of the surface catalyst is 2 nm-10 mu m.
The first and second saltwater chambers are each connected to a conduit, wherein seawater circulates along the respective conduits.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a solar seawater desalination system, comprising the above solar seawater desalination reactor.
In summary, the sunlight seawater desalination reactor provided by the invention uses sunlight as an energy source, does not need additional power supply, and is composed of a stable photocathode, an anode, a redox solution and an ion exchange membrane.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar seawater desalination reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the conductivity of the first salt flow chamber of a reactor according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the present invention, and the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials, unless otherwise indicated, are commercially available from a public disclosure. The present invention will be described in further detail below.
Spatially relative terms, such as "under," "below," "lower," "over," "above," "upper," and the like, may be used herein to explain the positioning of one element relative to a second element. These terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to different orientations than those depicted in the figures.
In addition, terms such as "first", "second", and the like, are used to describe various elements, layers, regions, sections, and the like and are not intended to be limiting. The use of "having," "containing," "including," and the like, are open-ended terms that indicate the presence of stated elements or features, but do not exclude additional elements or features. Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
An embodiment of the invention provides a stable sunlight seawater desalination reactor, which comprises a photocathode chamber, an anode chamber, a first salt flow chamber and a second salt flow chamber, wherein the photocathode chamber and the anode chamber contain redox liquid, and the redox liquid circulates between the photocathode chamber and the anode chamber. Specifically, the photocathode chamber and the anode chamber are connected by a conduit, and a water pump is used as a driving force to circulate the redox solution in the photocathode chamber and the anode chamber.
The first salt flow chamber and the second salt flow chamber are arranged between the photocathode chamber and the anode chamber, the first salt flow chamber and the photocathode chamber are isolated through a cation exchange membrane, the first salt flow chamber and the second salt flow chamber are isolated through an anion exchange membrane, and the second salt flow chamber and the anode chamber are isolated through a cation exchange membrane. Seawater is contained in the first and second salt flow chambers, and conduits are connected to the seawater flow chambers to perform external circulation respectively.
The photocathode chamber is internally provided with a photocathode, and the photocathode is composed of a back electrode layer, an absorption layer, a buffer layer, a passivation layer and a surface catalyst which are sequentially laminated on a substrate. The substrate is preferably a soda-lime glass substrate, and the thickness of the substrate is 2-3 mm. The back electrode layer is made of Mo, ITO, FTO or AZO, and the thickness of the back electrode layer is 200-500 nm.
The absorption layer is Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) or CuBiS 3 (CBS), the thickness of the absorption layer is 800-1300 nm. In a preferred embodiment, the absorption layer Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 Or CuBiS 3 Grown by spray pyrolysis method, in which Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 The absorption layer is made of Cu (NO) 3 ) 2 、Zn(NO 3 ) 2 、Sn(CH 3 SO 3 ) 2 And SC (NH) 2 ) 2 The mixed solution is taken as a raw material, and is sprayed on a heated back electrode glass substrate, the heating temperature is 300-500 ℃, the heating spraying time is 5-15min, and the growth thickness is 800-1300 nm; cuBiS 3 The absorption layer is made of Cu (NO) 3 ) 2 、BiNO 3 And SC (NH) 2 ) 2 The mixed solution is used as a raw material, and is sprayed on a heated back electrode glass substrate, wherein the heating temperature is 300-500 ℃, the heating spraying time is 5-15min, and the growth thickness is 800-1300 nm. More preferably, the absorption layer is CuBiS grown by a spray pyrolysis method 3 。
The buffer layer is made of CdS, znS, znCdS or In 2 S 3 . Wherein CdS, znS, znCdS or In 2 S 3 The growth mode of chemical water bath deposition is adopted, and the deposition thickness is 30-130 nm. More preferably, the buffer layer is made of CdS. The passivation layer is made of Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 Or HfO 2 . Preferably, the passivation layer is grown by an atomic layer deposition method, and the growth thickness is 5-100 nm. The surface catalyst is Pt, pt/C, ni, pt/Ni or Co nano-particles. The particle size of the nano-particles is 2 nm-10 mu m. In a preferable scheme, the surface catalyst is Pt/C dispersed on the surface of the photoelectrode by adopting a sol-gel method, and the grain diameter is 1-10 mu m after annealing and condensation. In another preferred embodiment, the Pt nanoparticles are exposed to lightThe particles are deposited and dispersed on the surface of the photoelectrode, and the particle size is 2-10 nm. In other preferable schemes, ni, pt/Ni and Co nano particles are deposited on the surface of the photoelectrode by an electrodeposition mode, and the particle size is 10-200 nm. More preferably, the surface catalyst is Pt/C nano-particles.
An anode is arranged in the anode chamber and is selected from carbon paper, carbon cloth, modified carbon paper, modified carbon cloth or a Pt sheet electrode. In a preferred scheme, the anode is modified carbon paper or modified carbon cloth. Specifically, the carbon cloth or the carbon paper is modified by the following process: firstly, the carbon cloth or the carbon paper electrode is adhered by an adhesive tape and then quickly peeled off, the process is repeatedly carried out for 5-10 times, or the carbon cloth or the carbon paper electrode is sanded by sand paper to be roughened, and in a preferred scheme, the adhesive tape is used for roughening the carbon cloth or the carbon paper electrode. After roughening, a Pt or Pt/C catalyst is loaded on the roughened surface of the carbon cloth or carbon paper electrode. Specifically, methanol is used as a solvent to prepare a chloroplatinic acid precursor solution with the concentration of 0.2-1 mM. And placing the roughened carbon cloth or carbon paper electrode in a precursor solution, and irradiating for 10-30min by using an ultraviolet lamp to prepare Pt nano particles with the particle size of 2-10 nm on the carbon cloth or carbon paper electrode so as to obtain the modified carbon cloth or modified carbon paper. In another embodiment, 0.002-0.02g of Pt/C catalyst is dissolved in 1-10ml of isopropanol solution to prepare precursor solution, and ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 2-6h; then, 20-100 mul of Pt/C precursor solution is taken by a drop casting method to be dispersed on the carbon cloth or carbon paper electrode after the roughening treatment, and is placed on N 2 Annealing at 400-600 ℃ for 5-15min in an atmosphere condition to obtain the modified carbon cloth or modified carbon paper.
The preparation methods of the photocathode and the anode are flexible and high in controllability, materials of the absorption layer and the buffer layer in the photocathode can be selected according to actual environment requirements to change the surface structure of the photocathode, and a proper anode is selected according to the material of the anode, so that the purposes of controlling cost and adapting to different external environments are achieved.
The prepared photocathode is subjected to surface sealing treatment by using sealing glue, a lead is connected to an electrode by using conductive silver glue, and a modified carbon cloth or modified carbon paper is selected as an anode and is packaged into a reactor together with the cathode. And introducing redox solution into the photocathode chamber and the anode chamber and connecting the redox solution with a guide pipe for external circulation, wherein the redox solution is seawater dissolved with potassium ferricyanide and potassium ferrocyanide, and the concentration ratio of the potassium ferricyanide to the potassium ferrocyanide is 2/2 mM-80/80 mM. Simultaneously, seawater is introduced into the first salt flow chamber (A) and the second salt flow chamber (B), the connecting conduits of the salt flow chambers are respectively externally circulated, and the design schematic diagram of a single seawater desalination reactor is shown in figure 1. In the photocathode chamber, a photocathode generates photoelectrons through illumination to participate in a reduction reaction, so that negatively charged ions in the chamber are increased, cations in the first salt flow chamber are attracted to flow to the photocathode chamber, meanwhile, the surface of an anode modified carbon paper electrode is subjected to an oxidation reaction, so that positively charged ions in the anode chamber are increased, and anions in the second salt flow chamber flow to the anode chamber; and the positive ions in the photocathode chamber are brought to the anode chamber by the driving force of the external circulation of the photocathode chamber and the anode chamber, so that concentration difference is formed between the positive ions in the anode chamber and the positive ions in the second salt flow chamber, the positive ions permeate into the second salt flow chamber, and the negative ions in the first salt flow chamber are attracted to flow to the second salt flow chamber, so that the ion concentration in the first salt flow chamber is continuously reduced, and the ion concentration in the second salt flow chamber is continuously increased, and the purpose of solar seawater desalination is achieved. In actual use, a plurality of reactors can be selected to be overlapped to form an array seawater desalination system, so that the times of external circulation are reduced, and the aim of desalination after seawater flows through once can be finally achieved; and then chemical water purification treatment is carried out to form an array seawater desalination and purification system, and finally drinkable fresh water is produced.
In the reactor of a preferred embodiment, the anode is a Pt/C loaded carbon paper modified electrode, and the absorption layer of the photocathode is CuBiS grown by a spray pyrolysis method 3 The buffer layer is made of CdS. FIG. 2 is a graph of the change of the conductivity in the first brine flow chamber of the reactor with time, and it can be seen that the conductivity in the first brine flow chamber gradually decreases with the increase of time, which shows that the salt content in the first brine flow chamber gradually decreases, and the desalination of seawater under the sunlight is realized.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A stable sunlight seawater desalination reactor is characterized by comprising,
a photocathode chamber, wherein a photocathode is arranged in the photocathode chamber, the photocathode consists of a back electrode layer, an absorption layer, a buffer layer, a passivation layer and a surface catalyst which are sequentially stacked on a substrate, and the absorption layer is Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 Or CuBiS 3 The buffer layer is CdS, znS, znCdS or In 2 S 3 The passivation layer is Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 Or HfO 2 The surface catalyst is Pt, pt/C, ni, pt/Ni or Co nano-particles;
the anode chamber is provided with an anode, the photocathode is connected with the anode through a lead, and the anode is selected from one of carbon paper, carbon cloth, modified carbon paper, modified carbon cloth and a Pt sheet electrode;
a redox solution circulating between the photocathode chamber and the anode chamber;
the first salt flow chamber and the second salt flow chamber are respectively connected with a circulating conduit and are positioned between the photocathode chamber and the anode chamber, seawater is contained in the first salt flow chamber and the second salt flow chamber, the seawater circulates outwards along the respective conduits, the first salt flow chamber and the photocathode chamber are isolated, the second salt flow chamber and the anode chamber are isolated through a cation exchange membrane, and the first salt flow chamber and the second salt flow chamber are isolated through an anion exchange membrane;
the photocathode chamber is provided with a light-transmitting window, sunlight irradiates on a photocathode through the light-transmitting window, the photocathode generates photoelectrons through illumination to participate in a reduction reaction to increase negatively charged ions in the chamber, cations in the first salt flow chamber are attracted to flow to the photocathode chamber, meanwhile, oxidation reaction occurs on the surface of an anode to increase positively charged ions in the anode chamber, the anions in the second salt flow chamber flow to the anode chamber, the cations in the photocathode chamber circulate to the anode chamber, concentration difference is formed between the anode chamber and the cations in the second salt flow chamber, the cations permeate into the second salt flow chamber, the anions in the first salt flow chamber are attracted to flow to the second salt flow chamber, the ion concentration in the first salt flow chamber is reduced, and the ion concentration in the second salt flow chamber is increased continuously.
2. The stable solar seawater desalination reactor of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the absorption layer is 800 to 1300nm; the thickness of the buffer layer is 30 to 130nm.
3. The stable solar seawater desalination reactor of claim 1 or 2, wherein the anode is selected from modified carbon paper or modified carbon cloth.
4. The stable solar seawater desalination reactor of claim 1 or 2, wherein the Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 Or CuBiS 3 The absorption layer is grown by spray pyrolysis method, wherein Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 The absorption layer is made of Cu (NO) 3 ) 2 、Zn(NO 3 ) 2 、 Sn(CH 3 SO 3 ) 2 And SC (NH) 2 ) 2 Spraying the mixed solution serving as a raw material onto a heated back electrode layer, wherein the heating temperature is 300-500 ℃, the heating spraying time is 5-15min, and the growth thickness is 800-1300 nm; cuBiS 3 The absorption layer is made of Cu (NO) 3 ) 2 、BiNO 3 And SC (NH) 2 ) 2 The mixed liquid is used as a raw material, and is sprayed on a heated back electrode layer, wherein the heating temperature is 300-500 ℃, the heating spraying time is 5-15min, and the growth thickness is 800-1300 nm.
5. The stable solar seawater desalination reactor of claim 3, wherein the carbon cloth or carbon paper is modified by the following process: firstly, adopting an adhesive tape to adhere and strip the carbon paper or the carbon cloth electrode for 5-10 times or grinding the carbon cloth or the carbon paper electrode by using sand paper to roughen the carbon paper or the carbon paper electrode, and then loading the Pt or Pt/C catalyst on the surface of the roughened carbon cloth or carbon paper electrode.
6. The stable solar seawater desalination reactor of claim 5, wherein the Pt/C catalyst loading is selected from the following processes: and (3) dispersing a solution containing the Pt/C catalyst on the roughened carbon cloth or carbon paper electrode, and then placing the carbon cloth or carbon paper electrode in an inert atmosphere to anneal for 5min to 15min at the temperature of 400 ℃ to 600 ℃.
7. The stable solar seawater desalination reactor of claim 5, wherein the Pt loading is selected from the following processes: and (3) taking 0.2-1 mM chloroplatinic acid precursor solution, placing the roughened carbon cloth or carbon paper electrode in the precursor solution, irradiating for 10-30mins by using an ultraviolet lamp, and dispersing Pt nano particles on the surface of the electrode after photo-deposition, wherein the particle size of the Pt nano particles is 2-10 nm.
8. The stable reactor for desalination of seawater by sunlight as claimed in any one of claims 2, 5 and 7, wherein the surface catalyst is selected from Pt, pt/C, ni, pt/Ni or Co nanoparticles, and the particle size of the surface catalyst is in the range of 2nm to 10 μm.
9. A solar seawater desalination system comprising the solar seawater desalination reactor of any one of claims 1~8.
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CN108922927B (en) * 2018-06-21 2020-07-14 华南师范大学 Stable compound semiconductor sunlight decomposition water hydrogen production electronic device, electrode system and preparation method thereof
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