CN113285470A - Power station control method for inhibiting low-frequency oscillation of power grid - Google Patents
Power station control method for inhibiting low-frequency oscillation of power grid Download PDFInfo
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- CN113285470A CN113285470A CN202110607395.1A CN202110607395A CN113285470A CN 113285470 A CN113285470 A CN 113285470A CN 202110607395 A CN202110607395 A CN 202110607395A CN 113285470 A CN113285470 A CN 113285470A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of power grid low-frequency oscillation control, in particular to a power station control method for inhibiting power grid low-frequency oscillation, which comprises the following steps of: step 1, calculating the deviation of a power grid frequency signal and a nominal power grid frequency, judging whether the deviation exceeds a frequency deviation fixed value or not in real time, and triggering a short pulse when the deviation exceeds the frequency deviation fixed value; and 2, accumulating the pulse trigger counter according to the oscillation degree obtained by amplitude judgment, and calculating an accumulated value through first-order inertia LEADLAG and a subtraction block to obtain a differential quantity which enables the accumulated value to have inertia attenuation. According to the method, control logic is added in an original power station control system, and no additional equipment is required to be added, so that the generation of low-frequency oscillation of a power grid can be sensed timely and automatically, the oscillation can be inhibited automatically, and primary frequency modulation control can be flexibly recovered after the oscillation subsides; after the power station is upgraded and transformed by the method, the long-term reliable input of the primary frequency modulation function is ensured, and the active oscillation range of the power grid is ensured not to be diffused.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power grid low-frequency oscillation control, in particular to a power station control method for inhibiting power grid low-frequency oscillation.
Background
With the increase of the proportion of extra-high voltage channels and new energy resources year by year, weak damping occurs in the power system area during the operation of the power grid, so that the frequency of the local power grid of the system is unstable and oscillates, and if the frequency is not suppressed in time through an effective way, the power grid is paralyzed due to the expansion of accidents. Low Frequency Oscillation (LFO) of a power system is a problem of power angle stability when the power system is disturbed, and is expressed in that Low Frequency Oscillation with active power below 2.5Hz has randomness, and the propagation process of the Low Frequency Oscillation is sometimes similar to a butterfly effect, and the amplitude of an Oscillation source is not necessarily the maximum, which brings certain difficulty to the positioning and tracing of the Low Frequency Oscillation.
At present, the main power station control means for effectively inhibiting the low-frequency oscillation of the power grid are as follows: on one hand, a Power System Stabilizer (PSS) is put into operation to increase damping to accelerate the attenuation of power oscillations; on the other hand, the oscillation source is checked after the low-frequency oscillation occurs, and if the oscillation is the oscillation participated by the power station, the oscillation is effectively reduced by exiting the primary frequency modulation action of the power station.
In the former case, the PSS is not obviously input into a single power station, and the anti-oscillation capacity of the power grid can be improved only when most power supply points are input, so that the PSS has a poor oscillation suppression effect on the local power grid, and cannot suppress the large-amplitude forced oscillation participated by a large unit.
In the latter, in the area where low-frequency oscillation occurs, the primary frequency modulation or power control performance of the power station is reduced to reduce oscillation, and although the suppression effect is obvious in the state of grid system instability, when the grid system operates normally, not only is no oscillation trigger source present, but also the system damping is recovered, and the primary frequency modulation or power control is still in an uninserted or weakened state, so that the power balance and frequency stability of the grid are seriously affected, and therefore the problem should be taken as a key route planning countermeasure.
At present, the technical defects of the latter include that the actions of checking an oscillation source and cutting off primary frequency modulation and power control of an oscillation power station are judged manually, oscillation cannot be sensed in time, and possible accidents are enlarged before the reason is found; secondly, the method for inhibiting the primary frequency modulation or power control has no self-adaptive capacity, has the phenomenon of 'one-time cutting', is cut off for a long time or greatly weakened after oscillation occurs, a main frequency modulation power station cannot play a frequency supporting role in the period, and a power grid with weakened frequency modulation and power control capacity has potential safety hazards.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a power station control method for inhibiting low-frequency oscillation of a power grid, overcomes the defects of the prior art, can effectively overcome the technical defects of the existing primary frequency modulation and active power control method, adds power station thermal control logic for inhibiting the low-frequency oscillation of the power grid in the original power station control system, does not need to add new equipment, applies oscillation judgment, processing and recovery technology, flexibly deals with the low-frequency oscillation of the power grid, ensures the long-term reliable input of a primary frequency modulation function, and ensures that the active oscillation range of the power grid is not diffused.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized by the following measures: a power station control method for restraining low-frequency oscillation of a power grid comprises the following steps:
step 1, periodically acquiring and calculating the deviation of a power grid frequency signal and a nominal power grid frequency by using an oscillation analysis judgment means realized by a control system, judging whether the deviation exceeds a frequency deviation fixed value or not in real time, and triggering a short pulse when the deviation exceeds the frequency deviation fixed value to finish the pre-judgment of low-frequency oscillation of the power grid frequency;
step 2, according to the oscillation degree obtained by amplitude judgment, accumulating a pulse trigger counter, and calculating an accumulated value through first-order inertia LEADLAG and a subtraction block to obtain a differential quantity which enables the accumulated value to have inertia attenuation;
step 3, when the differential quantity obtained in the step 2 is smaller than the oscillation flat lower limit, resetting the counter by using a 1s pulse signal to prevent the counter from overflowing, and eliminating the reverse differential quantity during resetting;
step 5, finishing timely judgment of power oscillation occurring in the power grid, periodically acquiring and calculating the deviation ratio of the actual power signal of the power station and the power instruction exceeding the customized trigger short pulse, and finishing pre-judgment of low-frequency oscillation occurring in the active power of the power station;
and 6, repeating the steps 2 to 3, when the differential quantity obtained in the step 2 is larger than the oscillation average lower limit, increasing a piecewise function f2(x), converting the differential quantity into a coefficient for weakening power deviation, and weakening through a multiplication block to achieve the purpose of flexibly weakening the power control function, so that active power oscillation caused by various reasons of the power station is restrained.
The following is further optimization or/and improvement of the technical scheme of the invention:
and (3) utilizing the counting differential quantity triggered by the power grid frequency and the power station active power fluctuation overrun as the index of the low-frequency oscillation intensity.
And 4, step 6, converting the differential quantity into a weakening coefficient through a piecewise function, weakening the control action related to low-frequency oscillation through a multiplication block, namely weakening the primary frequency modulation and power closed loop action of the power station when the frequency of the low-frequency oscillation rises, and flexibly recovering through an inertia link after the low-frequency oscillation is restrained.
The method also comprises a step 7, after the oscillation subsides and the load is stabilized, the weakening parameters are flexibly recovered according to the frequency of the oscillation, if the oscillation is restrained, the power station control parameters are completely recovered, but when the oscillation occurs again, the differential quantity is continuously calculated, the relevant parameters are correspondingly weakened, and the steps are repeated in a circulating mode.
According to the method, control logic is added in an original power station control system, and no additional equipment is required to be added, so that the generation of low-frequency oscillation of a power grid can be sensed timely and automatically, the oscillation can be inhibited automatically, and primary frequency modulation control can be flexibly recovered after the oscillation subsides; after the power station is upgraded and transformed by the method, the long-term reliable input of the primary frequency modulation function is ensured, and the active oscillation range of the power grid is ensured not to be diffused.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a control logic diagram of an embodiment of the invention for preventing grid frequency oscillation.
FIG. 3 is a control logic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention for preventing active power oscillations in a power plant.
FIG. 4 is a logic control flow diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments may be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention.
The power supply points which can participate in the primary frequency modulation of the power system comprise power stations such as firepower, water power, nuclear power, wind power and photovoltaic power stations, the power station control systems which participate in the frequency modulation monitor the grid-connected point frequency or the grid-connected rotating speed of a prime motor in real time, once the parameter and the nominal value exceed a primary frequency modulation dead zone, for example, the power grid frequency of a thermal power generating set exceeds 50 +/-0.033 Hz, the water power generating set exceeds 50 +/-0.05 Hz and other power supplies, a power station controller triggers primary frequency modulation action, frequency modulation instructions are sent to a speed regulator or other primary frequency modulation actuators, and active power is controlled to meet the requirement of primary frequency modulation control performance with certain unequal rate or difference rate, as shown in figure 1.
In order to implement the control strategy of the present invention when low frequency oscillation occurs, the primary frequency modulation and power closed loop logic of the substation controller needs to be changed, and the implementation steps of the present invention are specifically described below with reference to fig. 2 to 4.
The invention is further described below with reference to the following examples:
example (b): the power station control method for inhibiting the low-frequency oscillation of the power grid comprises the following steps of:
step 1, calculating the deviation of the power grid frequency signal and the nominal power grid frequency, judging whether the deviation exceeds a frequency deviation fixed value in real time, wherein the fixed value is larger than a frequency control dead zone and is recommended to be +/-0.05 Hz, and if the deviation exceeds the fixed value range, sending a short pulse of 0.1s for recording whether the power grid frequency of one scanning period deviates from the nominal value. See figure 2 for details.
And 2, receiving the short pulse generated in the step 1 by a pulse counter, adding 1 to the pulse counter (ACT) every time when the short pulse signal rises from 0 to 1, and calculating an accumulated value through first-order inertia LEADLAG and a subtraction block to obtain a differential quantity which enables the accumulated value to have inertia attenuation.
When continuous pulse occurs and the numerical value is continuously increased after the differential quantity, the oscillation can be represented; when the frequency of pulse generation is reduced or stopped, and the data inertia is reduced after the differential quantity, the oscillation stabilization can be represented. The inertia time of the first order inertia is a variable parameter, the signal of the switching value generator D is 1, and the Para Select (selection segment) of the first order inertia is placed, and if the input end of the Para Select is connected and equal to 1, the lag time is selected to be 300s or 0s, and the switching condition is mentioned in step 3. See figure 2 for details.
Is a known prior art non-linear lead/lag function whose output is a function of the old output, old input, new input, gain, lead and lag time constants.
And 3, when the obtained differential quantity is less than 0.5 of the oscillation rest lower limit, resetting the counter by using a 1s pulse signal to prevent the counter from overflowing, and switching the first-order inertia lag time in the step 2 from 300s to 0s in the reset counter to eliminate the reverse differential quantity during resetting. See figure 2 for details.
And 4, in order to find the proportional relation between the differential quantity corresponding to the oscillation frequency and the primary frequency modulation needing to be weakened, adding a segment function f1(x), recommending f1(x) = {0,1;2,0.95;4,0.85;8,0.6;16,0.4;32,0.1;48,0;100;0}, converting the differential quantity into a coefficient for weakening the frequency difference of primary frequency modulation control, and weakening by a multiplication block to achieve the purpose of flexibly weakening the primary frequency modulation effect so as to inhibit the frequency oscillation caused by the power station. See figure 2 for details.
Step 5, the power grid frequency oscillation may excite the power station to oscillate more strongly, the power grid frequency oscillation may not reach the frequency deviation fixed value described in step 1, and when the power station has active power control oscillation, relevant parameters need to be weakened to prevent the oscillation accident from spreading to the whole power grid, so a control strategy for preventing power oscillation similar to that in fig. 2 is provided, and detailed description is given in fig. 3. The specific implementation method comprises the following steps: calculating the deviation between the actual power signal of the power station and the power instruction, dividing the deviation by the rated power of the unit to obtain the power deviation percentage, judging whether the result exceeds the power deviation percentage fixed value in real time, wherein the fixed value is larger than the stable power control dead zone and is recommended to be +/-2%, and if the result exceeds the fixed value range, sending a short pulse of 0.1s for recording the power state of the current power station. See figure 3 for details.
And 6, repeating the steps 2 to 3, obtaining a differential quantity after the power deviation is over-limit accumulated, adding a piecewise function f2(x) for searching a proportional relation between the differential quantity corresponding to the power oscillation frequency and a power closed loop needing to be weakened, recommending f2(x) = {0,1;2,0.9;4,0.8;8,0.4;16,0.3;32,0.1;48,0;100;0}, converting the differential quantity into a coefficient for weakening the power deviation, and weakening by a multiplication block to achieve the purpose of flexibly weakening the power control function so as to restrain active power oscillation caused by various reasons of the power station. See figure 3 for details.
And 7, the steps 1 to 6 are in a periodic operation state, in order to improve the low-frequency oscillation identification accuracy, the operation period is not more than 0.1 millisecond, and real-time data is collected to carry out judgment and control. After the oscillation subsides and the load is stable, the weakening parameters are flexibly recovered according to the frequency of the oscillation, and if no new oscillation occurs, the operation of the power grid is completely recovered. But when the oscillation occurs again, the differential quantity is continuously counted, and the relevant parameters are weakened correspondingly. And if the oscillation occurs after the recovery exists for a long time, repeating the steps 1 to 6, and re-setting the relevant parameters. See figure 4 for details.
The technical characteristics form an embodiment of the invention, which has strong adaptability and implementation effect, and unnecessary technical characteristics can be increased or decreased according to actual needs to meet the requirements of different situations.
Claims (4)
1. A power station control method for restraining low-frequency oscillation of a power grid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, calculating the deviation of a power grid frequency signal and a nominal power grid frequency, judging whether the deviation exceeds a frequency deviation fixed value or not in real time, and triggering a short pulse when the deviation exceeds the frequency deviation fixed value to finish the prejudgment of the fluctuation of the power grid frequency;
step 2, according to the oscillation degree obtained by amplitude judgment, accumulating a pulse trigger counter, and calculating an accumulated value through first-order inertia LEADLAG and a subtraction block to obtain a differential quantity which enables the accumulated value to have inertia attenuation;
step 3, when the differential quantity obtained in the step 2 is smaller than the oscillation flat lower limit, resetting the counter by using a 1s pulse signal to prevent the counter from overflowing, and eliminating the reverse differential quantity during resetting;
step 4, when the differential quantity obtained in the step 2 is larger than the oscillation-settling lower limit, adding a piecewise function f1(x), converting the differential quantity into a coefficient for weakening the frequency difference of primary frequency modulation control, continuously judging whether an oscillation phenomenon still exists after the suppression measure is executed, and if the oscillation does not disappear, continuing to weaken the parameter until the oscillation is settled;
step 5, calculating the deviation between the actual power signal of the power station and the power instruction, dividing the deviation by the rated power to obtain the power deviation percentage, and triggering short pulses when the power deviation percentage exceeds the power deviation percentage fixed value to finish the prejudgment of the fluctuation of the active power of the power station;
and 6, judging the low-frequency oscillation degree of the active power of the power station by using the methods in the steps 2 to 3, and performing corresponding treatment, namely when the obtained differential quantity is greater than the oscillation rest lower limit, adding a piecewise function f2(x), converting the differential quantity into a coefficient for weakening power deviation, and weakening through a multiplication block to achieve a flexible weakening power control effect so as to inhibit the active power oscillation of the power station.
2. The power station control method for suppressing the grid low-frequency oscillation according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 2 to the step 3, the grid frequency and the counting differential quantity triggered by the power station active power fluctuation overrun are used as the index of the intensity of the low-frequency oscillation.
3. The power station control method for suppressing the low-frequency oscillation of the power grid according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4 and the step 6, the differential quantity is converted into a weakening coefficient through a piecewise function, the control action related to the low-frequency oscillation is weakened through a multiplication block, namely, the control action related to the low-frequency oscillation is weakened when the frequency of the low-frequency oscillation rises, the primary frequency modulation and the power closed-loop action of the power station are weakened, and the low-frequency oscillation is suppressed and then flexibly recovered through an inertia link.
4. The power station control method for suppressing the low-frequency oscillation of the power grid according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a step 7 of flexibly recovering the weakening parameters according to the frequency of the oscillation after the oscillation subsides and the load is stabilized, completely recovering the power station control parameters if the oscillation is suppressed, and continuously calculating the differential quantity when the oscillation occurs again to correspondingly weaken the relevant parameters, and repeating the steps in this way.
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