Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for controlling the active power change rate of a centralized new energy station, which can at least partially solve the problems in the prior art.
On one hand, the invention provides a method for controlling the active power change rate of a centralized new energy station, which comprises the following steps:
judging the operation mode of the new energy station according to the received self-power generation control instruction to obtain a new energy station operation mode judgment result;
if the judgment result of the operation mode of the new energy station is the free power generation mode, calculating the active power variation of the new energy station in a preset time period by taking a preset time period as a unit; the active power variation of the new energy station is the difference between the maximum value of the active power and the minimum value of the active power of the new energy station in the preset time period;
if the fact that the active power variation of the new energy station is larger than the active power variation threshold is known, adjusting an active power instruction of the new energy station according to the active power variation of the new energy station and the active power variation threshold, obtaining the adjusted active power instruction and setting effective duration;
and sending the adjusted active power instruction and the effective duration to a new energy station.
Further, the active power variation threshold is the maximum active power variation allowed in 1 minute of the new energy station, and is calculated by the following formula:
P Limit A=Pn×0.1
wherein, PLimit AThe maximum variation of the active power allowed in 1 minute of the new energy station, PnAnd the installed capacity of the new energy field station.
Further, the adjusted active power command includes a first maximum active power value; correspondingly, the adjusting the active power instruction of the new energy station according to the active power variation of the new energy station and the active power variation threshold value, and the obtaining the adjusted active power instruction includes:
and calculating to obtain the first maximum active power value according to the maximum active power change rate allowed in 1 minute of the new energy station, the active power change amount of the new energy station and a first preset formula.
Further, the first preset formula is as follows:
Pzz1=P Limit A+P min
wherein, Pzz1Is the first maximum value of active power, PLimit AThe maximum variation of the active power allowed in 1 minute of the new energy station, PminAnd the minimum value of the active power of the new energy station in the preset time period is obtained.
Further, the preset time period is 30-60 s; the effective time length is 30s-60 s.
Further, the active power variation threshold is the maximum active power variation allowed in 10 minutes of the new energy station, and is calculated by the following formula:
P Limit B=Pn×0.3
wherein, PLimit BThe maximum variation of the active power allowed in 10 minutes of the new energy station, PnAnd the installed capacity of the new energy field station.
Further, the adjusted active power command includes a second maximum active power value; correspondingly, the adjusting the active power instruction of the new energy station according to the active power variation of the new energy station and the active power variation threshold value, and the obtaining the adjusted active power instruction includes:
and calculating to obtain the second maximum active power value according to the maximum active power variation allowed in 10 minutes of the new energy station, the active power variation of the new energy station and a second preset formula.
Further, the second preset formula is as follows:
Pzz2=P Limit B+P min
wherein, Pzz2Is the second maximum value of the active power command, PLimit BThe maximum variation of the active power allowed in 10 minutes of the new energy station, PminAnd the minimum value of the active power of the new energy station in the preset time period is obtained.
Further, the preset time period is 10 min; the effective time is 6-9 min.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a centralized control apparatus for an active power change rate of a new energy station, including:
the mode judgment module is used for judging the operation mode of the new energy station according to the received self-power generation control instruction to obtain a new energy station operation mode judgment result;
the calculation module is used for calculating the active power variation of the new energy station within a preset time period by taking a preset time period as a unit if the operation mode judgment result of the new energy station is a free power generation mode; the active power variation of the new energy station is the difference between the maximum value of the active power and the minimum value of the active power of the new energy station in the preset time period;
the instruction generating module is used for obtaining that the active power variation of the new energy station is larger than the active power variation threshold, and adjusting the active power instruction of the new energy station according to the active power variation of the new energy station and the active power variation threshold, so as to obtain the adjusted active power instruction and set effective duration;
and the instruction sending module is used for sending the adjusted active power instruction and the effective duration to the new energy station.
Further, the active power variation threshold is the maximum active power variation allowed in 1 minute of the new energy station, and is calculated by the following formula:
P Limit A=Pn×0.1
wherein, PLimit AThe maximum variation of the active power allowed in 1 minute of the new energy station, PnAnd installing capacity for the new energy station.
Further, the adjusted active power command includes a first active power maximum value; correspondingly, the adjusting the active power instruction of the new energy station according to the active power variation of the new energy station and the active power variation threshold value, and the obtaining the adjusted active power instruction includes:
and calculating to obtain the first maximum active power value according to the maximum active power variation allowed in 1 minute of the new energy station, the active power variation of the new energy station and a first preset formula.
Further, the first preset formula is as follows:
Pzz1=P Limit A+P min
wherein, Pzz1Is the first maximum value of active power, PLimit AThe maximum variation of the active power allowed in 1 minute of the new energy station, PminAnd the minimum value of the active power of the new energy station in the preset time period is obtained.
Further, the preset time period is 30-60 s; the effective time length is 30s-60 s.
Further, the active power variation threshold is the maximum active power variation allowed in 10 minutes of the new energy station, and is calculated by the following formula:
P Limit B=Pn×0.3
wherein, PLimit BThe maximum variation of the active power allowed in 10 minutes of the new energy station, PnAnd the installed capacity of the new energy field station.
Further, the adjusted active power command includes a second maximum active power value; correspondingly, the adjusting the active power instruction of the new energy station according to the active power variation of the new energy station and the active power variation threshold value, and the obtaining the adjusted active power instruction includes:
and calculating to obtain the second maximum active power value according to the maximum active power variation allowed in 10 minutes of the new energy station, the active power variation of the new energy station and a second preset formula.
Further, the second preset formula is as follows:
Pzz2=P Limit B+P min
wherein, Pzz2Is the second maximum value of the active power command, PLimit BThe maximum variation of the active power allowed in 10 minutes of the new energy station, PminAnd the minimum value of the active power of the new energy station in the preset time period is obtained.
Further, the preset time period is 10 min; the effective time is 6-9 min.
In another aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method for controlling active power change rate of a centralized new energy farm according to any one of the above embodiments.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the method for controlling active power change rate of a centralized new energy farm.
The method and the device for controlling the active power change rate of the centralized new energy station provided by the embodiment of the invention comprise the following steps: judging the operation mode of the new energy station according to the received self-power generation control instruction to obtain a new energy station operation mode judgment result; if the judgment result of the operation mode of the new energy station is the free power generation mode, calculating the active power variation of the new energy station in a preset time period by taking a preset time period as a unit; the active power variation of the new energy station is the difference between the maximum value of the active power and the minimum value of the active power of the new energy station in the preset time period; if the fact that the active power variation of the new energy station is larger than the active power variation threshold is known, adjusting an active power instruction of the new energy station according to the active power variation of the new energy station and the active power variation threshold, obtaining the adjusted active power instruction and setting effective duration; the adjusted active power instruction and the effective duration are sent to the new energy station, the operating mode of the new energy station is judged, the active power of the new energy station is adjusted during free power generation, the situation that the active power output by the new energy station rises suddenly or falls suddenly due to the fact that the operating environment changes such as illumination and gust is prevented, and the operating stability of the new energy station is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.
The execution main body of the active power change rate control method for the centralized new energy station provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises but is not limited to a computer, an industrial personal computer and the like.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for controlling an active power change rate of a centralized new energy station according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the method for controlling an active power change rate of a centralized new energy station according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
s101: judging the operation mode of the new energy station according to the received self-power generation control instruction to obtain a new energy station operation mode judgment result;
in the step, the operation mode of the new energy station is judged according to the received self-power generation control instruction, and the current operation mode of the new energy station is obtained.
Specifically, the self-generating control instruction is generated by a self-generating control substation of the new energy station, and the content of the self-generating control instruction is to adjust the active power of the new energy station.
Specifically, if the received self-generating control instruction is different from the previous self-generating control instruction, the new energy station operation mode is the power grid dispatching mode.
Specifically, the reason that the self-power-generation control instruction is different from the previous self-power-generation control instruction even if the new energy station is in the dispatching mode of the power grid includes the following two reasons:
one is that the power imbalance of the power grid system occurs, and power support is needed;
one is that the frequency of the power grid is out of limit, according to the regulation of GB/T19964, the normal range of the frequency of the power grid is 19.5Hz-50.2Hz, and when the frequency of the power grid is out of limit, the power station automatically generates frequency modulation power.
Specifically, when the new energy station is judged to be in the power grid dispatching mode, the new energy station is considered to be in the power grid dispatching mode within a time period, and after the time period, the new energy station is defaulted to finish power grid dispatching.
For example, NB/T32026-.
Specifically, the received self-generating control instruction is the same as the previous self-generating control instruction, and the new energy station operation mode is a free power generation mode. And generating power as much as possible according to the actual operating environment of the new energy station on the premise of ensuring that the generated energy of the new energy station reaches the active power value of the self-generating control command.
For example, when the new energy station is a photovoltaic power station, when the illumination intensity is high, the photovoltaic power station has high maximum power point tracking current and maximum power point tracking voltage, so that high output power can be generated, and power can be generated as much as possible according to illumination conditions on the premise of ensuring that the power generation amount of the photovoltaic power station reaches the output power value of the self-generation control instruction.
For another example, when the new energy farm is a wind farm, the wind farm can generate a large output power when a strong gust occurs, and power can be generated as much as possible according to the condition of the gust wind speed on the premise that the generated energy of the wind farm is ensured to reach the output power value of the self-generating control instruction.
S102: if the judgment result of the operation mode of the new energy station is the free power generation mode, calculating the active power variation of the new energy station in a preset time period by taking a preset time period as a unit; the active power variation of the new energy station is the difference between the maximum value of the active power and the minimum value of the active power of the new energy station in the preset time period;
in this step, when the new energy station is in a free power generation mode, calculating the active power variation of the new energy station in a preset time period by taking a preset time period as a unit.
Specifically, calculating the active power variation of the new energy station in the preset time period refers to collecting a maximum active power value and a minimum active power value of the new energy station in the preset time period, and calculating a difference value between the maximum active power value and the minimum active power value as the active power variation in the preset time period.
S103: if the active power variation of the new energy station is larger than the active power variation threshold, adjusting an active power instruction of the new energy station according to the active power variation of the new energy station and the active power variation threshold, obtaining the adjusted active power instruction and setting effective duration;
in this step, the active power variation within the preset time period obtained in S102 is compared with the active power variation threshold, and when the active power variation within the preset time period exceeds the active power variation threshold, the active power instruction of the new energy station is adjusted.
Specifically, the active power instruction comprises an active power maximum value, the adjustment of the active power instruction of the new energy station is to adjust the active power maximum value of the new energy station, and the active power maximum value obtained according to the active power variation in the current preset time period and the active power variation threshold value is used for replacing the last active power maximum value.
Specifically, when the active power variation in a short time needs to be limited so as to accurately control the active power of the new energy station, the preset time period is short and may be 30s, 40s, 60s, or the like.
Specifically, when the active power variation for a long time needs to be limited, and the active power of the new energy station is controlled to be in a stable state for a long time, the preset time period is longer and is generally 10 min.
Specifically, the active power variation threshold is related to the selected preset time period.
For example, when the preset time period selected by the photovoltaic power station is short and less than one minute, the active power variation threshold value should meet the regulation of 1 minute active power variation of the technical regulation of photovoltaic power station access power system of GB/T19964, and the active power variation threshold value is 10% of the installed capacity of the photovoltaic power station.
For another example, when the preset time period selected by the wind farm is longer and is 10min, the active power variation threshold should meet the regulation of active power variation in 10 minutes of the 1 st part of technical regulation of accessing the wind farm to the power system in GB/T19963.1, and the active power variation threshold is 30% of installed capacity of the wind farm.
Specifically, the active power instruction of the new energy station is adjusted according to the active power variation of the new energy station and the active power variation threshold, the adjusted active power instruction is obtained, and the effective duration is set.
S104: and sending the adjusted active power instruction and the effective duration to a new energy station.
In this step, the adjusted active power command and the effective duration obtained in S103 are sent to the new energy station.
Specifically, the adjusted active power instruction obtained in the step S103 and the effective duration are sent to the new energy station, so that the active power of the new energy station is adjusted, the active power of the new energy station is prevented from increasing or dropping excessively due to the change of the operating environment, and the stability of the operation of the power grid is reduced.
According to the method for controlling the active power change rate of the centralized new energy station, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the active power of the new energy station is adjusted during free power generation by judging the operation mode of the new energy station, so that the situation that the active power output by the new energy station is suddenly increased or decreased due to the change of the operation environment such as illumination, gust and the like of the new energy station is prevented, and the operation stability of the new energy station is improved.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, further, the active power variation threshold is a maximum active power variation allowed in 1 minute of the new energy station, and is calculated by the following formula:
P Limit A=Pn×0.1
wherein, PLimit AThe maximum variation of the active power allowed in 1 minute of the new energy station, PnAnd the installed capacity of the new energy field station.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, further, the adjusted active power command includes a first active power maximum value; correspondingly, the adjusting the active power instruction of the new energy station according to the active power variation of the new energy station and the active power variation threshold value, and the obtaining the adjusted active power instruction includes:
and calculating to obtain the first maximum active power value according to the maximum active power change rate allowed in 1 minute of the new energy station, the active power change amount of the new energy station and a first preset formula.
Specifically, the first active power maximum value included in the adjusted active power instruction is sent to the new energy station along with the active power instruction, the last active power maximum value of the new energy station is replaced, and therefore the active power of the new energy station is controlled, the active power value output by the new energy station in the subsequent power generation process is not more than the first active power maximum value, power is generated as much as possible, and the power generation efficiency of the new energy station is further improved.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, further, the first preset formula is:
Pzz1=P Limit A+P min
wherein, Pzz1Is the first maximum value of active power, PLimit AThe maximum variation of the active power allowed in 1 minute of the new energy station, PminAnd the minimum value of the active power of the new energy station in the preset time period is obtained.
On the basis of the above embodiments, further, the preset time period is 30s to 60 s; the effective time length is 30s-60 s.
Specifically, the effective duration is the time for the new energy station to execute the adjusted active power instruction, so as to control the active power output by the new energy station, when the adjusted active power instruction is issued to the new energy station, the effective duration starts to be calculated, after the effective duration is timed, the active power variation of the new energy station is recovered to be normal by default, and the step S101 is returned.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, further, the active power variation threshold is a maximum variation of active power allowed in 10 minutes in the new energy station, and is calculated by the following formula:
P Limit B=Pn×0.3
wherein, PLimit BThe maximum variation of the active power allowed in 10 minutes of the new energy station, PnAnd installing capacity for the new energy station.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, further, the adjusted active power instruction includes a second active power maximum value; correspondingly, the adjusting the active power instruction of the new energy station according to the active power variation of the new energy station and the active power variation threshold value, and the obtaining the adjusted active power instruction includes:
and calculating to obtain the second maximum active power value according to the maximum active power variation allowed in 10 minutes of the new energy station, the active power variation of the new energy station and a second preset formula.
Specifically, the second active power maximum value included in the adjusted active power instruction is sent to the new energy station along with the active power instruction, and the last active power maximum value of the new energy station is replaced, so that the active power of the new energy station is controlled, the active power value output by the new energy station in the subsequent power generation process is not more than the second active power maximum value, power is generated as much as possible, and the power generation efficiency of the new energy station is further improved.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, further, the second preset formula is:
Pzz2=P Limit B+P min
wherein, Pzz2Is the second maximum value of the active power command, PLimit BThe maximum variation of the active power allowed in 10 minutes of the new energy station, PminAnd the minimum value of the active power of the new energy station in the preset time period is obtained.
On the basis of the above embodiments, further, the preset time period is 10 min; the effective time is 6-9 min.
Specifically, the effective duration is the time for the new energy station to execute the adjusted active power instruction, so as to control the active power output by the new energy station, when the adjusted active power instruction is issued to the new energy station, the effective duration starts to be calculated, after the effective duration is timed, the active power variation of the new energy station is recovered to be normal by default, and the step S101 is returned.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for controlling an active power change rate of a centralized new energy station according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the device for controlling an active power change rate of a centralized new energy station according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the mode judging module 201 is configured to judge an operation mode of the new energy station according to the received self-power-generation control instruction, and obtain a result of judging the operation mode of the new energy station; a calculating module 202, configured to learn that the operation mode determination result of the new energy station is a free power generation mode, and calculate an active power variation of the new energy station within a preset time period by using a preset time period as a unit; the active power variation of the new energy station is the difference between the maximum value of the active power and the minimum value of the active power of the new energy station in the preset time period; the instruction generating module 203 is configured to learn that the active power variation of the new energy station is greater than the active power variation threshold, adjust the active power instruction of the new energy station according to the active power variation of the new energy station and the active power variation threshold, obtain the adjusted active power instruction, and set an effective duration; the instruction sending module 204 is configured to send the adjusted active power instruction and the effective duration to the new energy station. Wherein:
the mode judgment module 201 judges the new energy station operation mode according to the received self-power generation control instruction, and obtains the current operation mode of the new energy station.
When the new energy station is in the free power generation mode, the calculation module 202 calculates the active power variation of the new energy station in a preset time period by taking a preset time period as a unit.
The instruction generating module 203 compares the active power variation in the preset time period acquired in the calculating module 202 with the active power variation threshold, and adjusts the active power instruction of the new energy station when the active power variation in the preset time period exceeds the active power variation threshold.
The instruction sending module 204 sends the adjusted active power instruction and the effective duration obtained in the instruction generating module 203 to the new energy station.
According to the centralized active power change rate control device for the new energy field station, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the active power of the new energy field station is adjusted during free power generation by judging the operation mode of the new energy field station, so that the situation that the active power output by the new energy field station rises suddenly or falls suddenly due to the change of the operation environment such as illumination, gust and the like of the new energy field station is prevented, and the operation stability of the new energy field station is improved.
The embodiment of the centralized active power change rate control device for a new energy station provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be specifically configured to execute the processing flows of the above method embodiments, and the functions of the centralized active power change rate control device are not described herein again, and refer to the detailed description of the above method embodiments.
Fig. 3 is a schematic physical structure diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the electronic device may include: a processor (processor)301, a communication Interface (communication Interface)302, a memory (memory)303 and a communication bus 304, wherein the processor 301, the communication Interface 302 and the memory 303 complete communication with each other through the communication bus 304. Processor 301 may call logic instructions in memory 303 to perform the following method: judging the operation mode of the new energy station according to the received self-power generation control instruction to obtain a new energy station operation mode judgment result;
if the judgment result of the new energy station operation mode is the free power generation mode, calculating the active power variation of the new energy station in a preset time period by taking a preset time period as a unit; the active power variation of the new energy station is the difference between the maximum value of the active power and the minimum value of the active power of the new energy station in the preset time period;
if the fact that the active power variation of the new energy station is larger than the active power variation threshold is known, adjusting an active power instruction of the new energy station according to the active power variation of the new energy station and the active power variation threshold, obtaining the adjusted active power instruction and setting effective duration;
and sending the adjusted active power instruction and the effective duration to a new energy station.
In addition, the logic instructions in the memory 303 may be implemented in the form of software functional units and stored in a computer readable storage medium when the logic instructions are sold or used as independent products. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The present embodiment discloses a computer program product comprising a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, the computer program comprising program instructions which, when executed by a computer, enable the computer to perform the method provided by the above-mentioned method embodiments, for example, comprising: judging the operation mode of the new energy station according to the received self-power-generation control instruction to obtain a new energy station operation mode judgment result;
if the judgment result of the operation mode of the new energy station is the free power generation mode, calculating the active power variation of the new energy station in a preset time period by taking a preset time period as a unit; the active power variation of the new energy station is the difference between the maximum value of the active power and the minimum value of the active power of the new energy station in the preset time period;
if the fact that the active power variation of the new energy station is larger than the active power variation threshold is known, adjusting an active power instruction of the new energy station according to the active power variation of the new energy station and the active power variation threshold, obtaining the adjusted active power instruction and setting effective duration;
and sending the adjusted active power instruction and the effective duration to a new energy station.
The present embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, where the computer program causes the computer to execute the method provided by the above method embodiments, for example, the method includes: judging the operation mode of the new energy station according to the received self-power generation control instruction to obtain a new energy station operation mode judgment result;
if the judgment result of the operation mode of the new energy station is the free power generation mode, calculating the active power variation of the new energy station in a preset time period by taking a preset time period as a unit; the active power variation of the new energy station is the difference between the maximum value of the active power and the minimum value of the active power of the new energy station in the preset time period;
if the fact that the active power variation of the new energy station is larger than the active power variation threshold is known, adjusting an active power instruction of the new energy station according to the active power variation of the new energy station and the active power variation threshold, obtaining the adjusted active power instruction and setting effective duration;
and sending the adjusted active power instruction and the effective duration to a new energy station.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
In the description of the specification, reference to the description of "one embodiment," a specific embodiment, "" some embodiments, "" e.g., "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.