CN113284411A

CN113284411A - Electronic device

Info

Publication number: CN113284411A
Application number: CN202011217616.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭书铭
Original assignee: Innolux Corp
Current assignee: Innolux Corp
Priority date: 2020-02-19
Filing date: 2020-11-04
Publication date: 2021-08-20
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-04
Also published as: CN113284411B

Abstract

The invention provides an electronic device, which comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a shading element and a light adjustable element. The second substrate is opposite to the first substrate, and the shading element is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate. The shading element is provided with a light-transmitting opening, wherein the light-transmitting opening area is provided with at least four side edges, and a round angle is formed between two adjacent side edges. In the normal direction of the first substrate, the light-transmitting opening and the light-controllable element at least partially overlap.

Description

Electronic device

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to electronic devices, and particularly to an electronic device with transparent display and image display functions.

Background

The transparent display device is a display with transparent display state and image display function, so that the user in front of the transparent display device can not only view images, but also view objects with background at the back. The general transparent display device can be applied to advertising billboards, show windows, and the like. However, in some applications, such as a windshield of a vehicle, the background brightness of the transparent display device is easily too high, so that the transparent display device needs to increase the image brightness when displaying images, which causes too high energy consumption or discomfort for users.

Disclosure of Invention

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, which includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a light shielding element, and a light adjustable element. The second substrate is opposite to the first substrate. The shading element is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate and is provided with a light-transmitting opening, wherein the light-transmitting opening is provided with at least four side edges. In the normal direction of the first substrate, the light-transmitting opening and the light-controllable element at least partially overlap.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic top view illustrating an electronic device according to a first embodiment of the disclosure.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view along section line a-a' of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view along section line B-B' of fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an electronic device according to a second embodiment of the disclosure.

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an electronic device according to a third embodiment of the disclosure.

Fig. 6 is a schematic top view illustrating an electronic device according to a fourth embodiment of the disclosure.

Fig. 7 is a schematic top view illustrating an electronic device according to a fifth embodiment of the disclosure.

Fig. 8 is a schematic top view illustrating an electronic device according to a sixth embodiment of the disclosure.

Description of reference numerals: 1. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-electronic device; 12-a first substrate; 14-a second substrate; 14S1 — upper surface; 14S2 — lower surface; 16-a shading element; 161-a light-shielding layer; 161 a-first display opening; 161 b-a first opening; tc-sub light-transmitting openings; TL-extension line; TS, 161S1, 161S2, 24S1, 24S 2-lateral; 162-shading lines; 18-a display element; 20-a light adjustable element; 22-a color filter layer; 24-retaining walls; 24 a-a second display opening; 24 b-a second opening; 26. 28-alignment layer; 30. 36-a transparent filling layer; 32. 34-an electrode; c-round angle; e1 — first electrode layer; e2 — second electrode layer; EP-maximum inscribed ellipse; h1, H2-maximum thickness; l1-long axis; an LC-liquid crystal layer; ND-normal direction; NT-shaded region; PL 1-first polarizer; PL 2-second polarizer; a PX-pixel region; s1-minor axis; an SPX-subpixel region; sub1, Sub 2-substrate; a T-light transmissive opening; theta-angle.

Detailed Description

The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and drawings, and in order to make the disclosure clearer and understandable, the drawings are possibly simplified schematic drawings, and elements therein may not be drawn to scale. Moreover, the number and size of the components in the drawings are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

Certain terms are used throughout the description and following claims to refer to particular elements. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that electronic device manufacturers may refer to elements by different names, and that this document does not intend to distinguish between elements that are functionally the same, but that have different names. In the following specification and claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", "includes" and "including" are open-ended words and thus should be interpreted to mean "including, but not limited to …".

Directional terms as referred to in the following examples, for example: up, down, left, right, front or rear, etc., are simply directions with reference to the drawings. Accordingly, the directional terminology is used for purposes of illustration and is in no way limiting. It is to be understood that the elements specifically described or illustrated may take various forms well known to those skilled in the art. In addition, when an element or layer is referred to as being on or connected to another element or layer, it is understood that the element or layer is directly on or connected to the other element or layer or intervening elements or layers may be present (not directly). In contrast, when an element or layer is referred to as being "directly on" or "directly connected to" another element or layer, it is understood that there are no intervening elements or layers present therebetween.

The use of ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," etc., in the specification and claims to modify a claim element does not by itself connote any preceding claim element or any sequence of one or more claim elements or method of manufacture, and is used merely to distinguish one claim element having a certain name from another claim element having a same name.

In the present disclosure, the length and the width may be measured by an optical microscope, and the thickness may be measured by a cross-sectional image in an electron microscope, but not limited thereto. In addition, there may be some error in any two values or directions for comparison.

As used herein, the terms "about", "approximately", "substantially" and "approximately" generally mean within 10%, or within 5%, or within 3%, or within 2%, or within 1%, or within 0.5% of a given value or range. The given numbers are approximate numbers, i.e., the meaning of "about", "substantially", "approximately" can be implied without specification to "about", "approximately", "substantially". Moreover, the terms "range from a first value to a second value," and "range between a first value and a second value," mean that the range includes the first value, the second value, and other values therebetween.

It is noted that the technical solutions provided in the following different embodiments can be used alternatively, combined or mixed with each other to form another embodiment without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure.

The electronic device of the present disclosure may include a display device, an antenna device, a light emitting device, a sensing device, or a splicing device, but is not limited thereto. The electronic device may include a bendable or flexible electronic device. The antenna device may be, for example, a liquid crystal antenna, but is not limited thereto. The splicing device may be, for example, a display splicing device or an antenna splicing device, but is not limited thereto. It should be noted that the electronic device can be any permutation and combination of the foregoing, but not limited thereto. The electronic device may include a self-luminous display apparatus or a non-self-luminous display apparatus. The electronic device may include, for example, a liquid crystal (liquid crystal) layer, a fluorescent (fluorescent) layer, a phosphorescent (phosphor) layer, a light emitting diode (led), other suitable display medium, or a combination of the foregoing, but is not limited thereto. The light emitting diode may include, for example, an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), a sub-millimeter light emitting diode (mini LED), a micro light emitting diode (micro LED), a quantum dot light emitting diode (quantum dot LED, which may include QLED, QDLED), or other suitable elements, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. The following description will use the led display device as an electronic device to illustrate the disclosure, but the disclosure is not limited thereto.

Fig. 1 is a top view, fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along a section line a-a 'of fig. 1, and fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along a section line B-B' of fig. 1 of an electronic device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 1, the electronic device 1 may have a pixel area PX, a light-shielding area NT and a light-transmitting opening T, the electronic device 1 in the light-shielding area NT does not generate light and does not allow light to pass through, and the light-shielding area NT may separate the pixel area PX and the light-transmitting opening T. For clarity of illustrating the electronic device 1, fig. 1 shows a single pixel area PX and a single light-transmitting opening T of the electronic device 1, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the electronic device 1 may have a plurality of pixel regions PX and a plurality of light-transmitting openings T. As shown in fig. 1, the pixel area PX may include a plurality of sub-pixel areas SPX. The electronic device 1 in the sub-pixel region SPX can generate light with different colors and display images. In detail, when the electronic device 1 is a self-luminous display device, the light shielding region NT may separate the sub-pixel regions SPX from each other to improve light mixing, thereby improving display quality. The electronic device 1 corresponding to the light-transmitting opening T allows light to pass through, so that the user can view the background image from the front of the electronic device 1, but the light passing through the light-transmitting opening T does not participate in the image display of the electronic device 1.

It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 1, the light-transmitting opening T may have at least four sides TS, and at least two adjacent sides TS may form at least one rounded corner C, so that the light-transmitting opening T may not have a sharp corner, thereby reducing diffraction generated by light passing through the light-transmitting opening T. With the increase of the number of the side edges TS, the included angle between the adjacent side edges TS can be increased, and the diffraction degree can be further reduced. For example, as shown in fig. 6, the top view of the light-transmitting opening T may be, for example, octagonal, wherein the rounded corner formed by the two adjacent side edges TS may be, for example, an obtuse angle, but not limited thereto.

As shown in fig. 1, the light-transmitting aperture T may have a long axis L1 and a short axis S1 in a top view direction (parallel to the normal direction ND of the first substrate 12), wherein the long axis L1 is the maximum distance of the light-transmitting aperture T along a first direction D1, the short axis S1 is the maximum distance of the light-transmitting aperture T along a second direction D2, the first direction D1 is different from the second direction D2, the top view direction may be, for example, the normal direction ND of the first substrate 12, and the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the top view direction D2. In detail, the major axis L1 and the minor axis S1 of the light-transmitting opening T may form a maximum inscribed ellipse EP, for example. In the embodiment of fig. 1, the ratio of the long axis L1 to the short axis S1 can be greater than 1 and less than 1.5, so as to reduce the slit interference effect when light passes through the light-transmitting opening T, and further reduce the diffraction degree. In some embodiments, the major axis L1 and the minor axis S1 may be greater than half of the wavelength of light, such as greater than several hundred nanometers. In some embodiments, the maximum inscribed ellipse of the light-transmitting opening T can be replaced by the minimum circumscribed ellipse, but not limited thereto.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the electronic device 1 may include a first substrate 12, a second substrate 14, a light shielding element 16, a plurality of display elements 18, and a light adjustable element 20. The second substrate 14 may be opposite to the first substrate 12, and the light shielding element 16 and the display element 18 are disposed between the first substrate 12 and the second substrate 14. In the embodiment of fig. 2, the electronic device 1 is shown with the image from the top surface 14S1 of the second substrate 14 away from the first substrate 12. The second substrate 14 may be, for example, a transparent substrate, and the first substrate 12 may include, for example, a transparent substrate and an array circuit for controlling the display elements 18, but not limited thereto. The transparent substrate may include a hard substrate or a soft substrate, respectively, and the material of the transparent substrate may include, but is not limited to, glass (glass), ceramic (ceramic), quartz (quartz), sapphire (sapphire), acrylic (acrylic), Polyimide (PI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polycarbonate (PC), Polyethersulfone (PES), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), Polyarylate (PAR), other suitable materials, or a combination thereof.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 2 and 3, the light shielding element 16 may include a light shielding layer 161 and a retaining wall 24, wherein the light shielding layer 161 is disposed on the lower surface 14S2 of the second substrate 14 facing the first substrate 12, and the retaining wall 24 is disposed between the light shielding layer 161 and the first substrate 12. The light-shielding layer 161 may have a plurality of first display openings 161a and a first opening 161b, and the dam 24 may have a plurality of second display openings 24a and second openings 24 b. The second display openings 24a may be respectively disposed corresponding to the first display openings 161a and located in the corresponding pixel regions PX, and the display elements 18 may be disposed in the second display openings 24 a. The second opening 24b may be disposed corresponding to the first opening 161 b. The light-shielding layer 161 and the dam 24 have the property of blocking light, so in the present embodiment, the first display opening 161a and the second display opening 24a can define the sub-pixel region SPX, and the first opening 161b and the second opening 24b can define the light-transmitting opening T, but not limited thereto. For example, the edge of the sub-pixel region SPX viewed from the normal direction ND of the first substrate 12 may be defined by the side 161S1 of the first display opening 161a and/or the side 24S1 of the second display opening 24a being closer to the center of the first display opening 161a in the normal direction ND of the first substrate 12, and the side TS (as shown in fig. 1) of the light-transmitting opening T may be defined by the side 161S2 of the first display opening 161b and/or the side 24S2 of the second display opening 24b being closer to the center of the first display opening 161b in the normal direction ND of the first substrate 12. The light-shielding layer 161 may be black, for example, and may include a photoresist material, an ink material, or other suitable materials, for example. The material of the retaining wall 24 may, for example, comprise a photoresist material, an ink material, or other suitable material. In some embodiments, when the dam 24 comprises a black photoresist material or a black ink material, the electronic device 1 may not need the light-shielding layer 161, in which case, the second display opening 24a may be used to define the sub-pixel region SPX, and the second opening 24b may be used to define the light-transmitting opening T, but is not limited thereto. In the embodiment of fig. 2, the display element 18 is illustrated as a light emitting diode, but is not limited thereto. The light emitting diode may include, but is not limited to, an organic light emitting diode, a sub-millimeter light emitting diode, a micro light emitting diode, a quantum dot light emitting diode, or other suitable elements, or a combination thereof. The display elements 18 may be respectively located in the corresponding sub-pixel regions SPX, and the display elements 18 in the same pixel region PX may be respectively configured to generate light of different colors, for example, blue light, green light and red light, respectively.

In some embodiments, the electronic device 1 may optionally include a plurality of color filter layers 22 respectively disposed in the corresponding first display openings 161a, and each color filter layer 22 may be disposed between the corresponding display element 18 and the second substrate 14. The color filter layer 22 in the same pixel area PX may have different colors so that the light generated from the display device 18 may display the light of a desired color after passing through the color filter layer 22, but is not limited thereto. The material of the color filter layer 22 may include, for example, a photoresist material or an ink material, but is not limited thereto. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of fig. 2, since the light emitting diodes themselves reflect light more easily, by disposing the color filter layer 22 on the display device 18, the reflected light that does not conform to the desired color and is viewed by the user from the display device 18 can be reduced, and the contrast of the image can be improved, thereby improving the display quality. In some embodiments, the color filter layer 22 may be replaced by a light conversion layer for converting the color of the light of the display device 18 into other colors, wherein the light conversion layer may include, for example, fluorescent light, phosphorescent light, quantum dots, or pigments, but is not limited thereto. In that case, the display elements 18 may, for example, produce the same or different light colors. In some embodiments, the display element 18 may also include a liquid crystal layer, fluorescence, phosphorescence, other suitable display medium, or a combination of the foregoing, but is not limited thereto. When the display element 18 includes a liquid crystal layer, the electronic device 1 may further optionally include a backlight module disposed on a side of the first substrate 12 away from the second substrate 14, but is not limited thereto.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the maximum thickness H1 of the retaining wall 24 in the normal direction ND is greater than the maximum thickness H2 of the light shielding layer 161 in the normal direction ND. In detail, when the maximum thickness H1 of the wall 24 along the normal direction ND of the first substrate 12 is greater than the maximum thickness of the light shielding layer 161 along the normal direction ND, the wall 24 can surround the display element 18, so as to block the light of the display element 18 from generating lateral light mixing and/or block the light of the display element 18 from entering the light-transmitting opening T, thereby reducing the problem of lateral light leakage. The material of the retaining wall 24 may include a photoresist material, an ink material, or other suitable material. The design of the retaining wall 24 may be, for example, a single layer or a multi-layer stack, depending on the product requirements. Retaining wall 24 may, for example, comprise a white material, a black material, a gray material, or a combination of at least two of the foregoing. The color of wall 24 is determined by the combination of the colors of the materials in wall 24. For example, when the color of one of the layers of the retaining wall 24 has a higher transmittance, the retaining wall 24 may further include a layer having a color with a lower transmittance, for example, the retaining wall 24 may include a stack of a black material layer and a white material layer, but not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the second display opening 24a corresponding to the display element 18 and the first substrate 12 may form a light-gathering structure for gathering the light generated by the display element 18 and emitting the light toward the surface 14S1 for displaying an image, thereby improving the light utilization efficiency of the display element 18. In detail, the light-focusing structure of the present disclosure may be, for example, that the width of the second display opening 24a in the first direction D1 is gradually wider along the normal direction ND of the first substrate 12, so that the second display opening 24a is formed in a concave cup shape, which can improve the light utilization rate of the display device 18. The second display opening 24a may have other suitable shapes according to product requirements.

As shown in fig. 3, the light-adjustable device 20 at least partially overlaps the light-transmitting opening T in the normal direction ND of the first substrate 12, and in detail, in the normal direction ND of the first substrate 12, the first opening 161b and the second opening 24b at least partially overlap the light-adjustable device 20 for adjusting the brightness of the light passing through the light-transmitting opening T, but not limited thereto. The term at least partially overlapping as used herein may, for example, refer to one element completely overlapping another element or a portion of one element overlapping another portion of another element. In the embodiment of fig. 3, the light adjustable device 20 may be disposed on the lower surface of the first substrate 12 away from the second substrate 14. In some embodiments, the light adjustable device 20 may extend to the lower surface or the whole surface of the first substrate 12 in the sub-pixel region SPX to cover the lower surface of the first substrate 12 away from the second substrate 14, that is, in the normal direction ND of the first substrate 12, the sub-pixel region SPX overlaps the light adjustable device 20 or the first substrate 12 overlaps the light adjustable device 20. In one embodiment, the light adjustable device 20 may include a first polarizer PL1, a second polarizer PL2, a first electrode layer E1, a second electrode layer E2, and a liquid crystal layer LC. The liquid crystal layer LC is disposed between the first electrode layer E1 and the second electrode layer E2, and the first electrode layer E1 and the second electrode layer E2 are disposed between the liquid crystal layer LC and the first polarizer PL1 and between the liquid crystal layer LC and the second polarizer PL2, respectively. The first electrode layer E1 and the second electrode layer E2 may include, for example, a transparent conductive material, such that light can penetrate therethrough, and the disclosure is not limited thereto. The liquid crystal layer LC may, for example, include nematic liquid crystal (nematic liquid crystal), Cholesteric Liquid Crystal (CLC), Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC), Polymer Network Liquid Crystal (PNLC), or other suitable types of liquid crystal materials. In some embodiments, the liquid crystal layer LC may further optionally include a dye for adjusting the transmittance of light. For example, the liquid crystal layer LC may include a cholesteric liquid crystal and a dye, but is not limited thereto. By controlling the voltage difference between the first electrode layer E1 and the second electrode layer E2, the deflection direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer LC can be adjusted, and the transmittance of the light adjustable device 20 can be further changed. The light adjustable element 20 may reduce the transmittance by blocking or fogging according to the material of the liquid crystal layer LC, but not limited thereto. The first electrode layer E1 may be, for example, a patterned layer including a plurality of electrodes for controlling the transmittance of the electronic device 1 corresponding to different light-transmitting openings T in a partitioned manner, or an entire electrode layer covering the surface of the first substrate 12. The first polarizer PL1 and the second polarizer PL2 may be, for example, both linear polarizers or both linear polarizers and circular polarizers, respectively, but not limited thereto. The circular polarizer may include, for example, a linear polarizer and a quarter-wave retarder, which are sequentially disposed on the electrode layer E2, but is not limited thereto. When the second polarizer PL2 is a circular polarizer, the light passing through the light adjustable device 20 has circular polarization, so as to prevent the user wearing the glasses with wire polarizer from seeing the light passing through the light-transmitting opening T, and further allow the user to see the background image.

As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the light adjustable device 20 may further include a substrate Sub1, a substrate Sub2, an alignment layer 26, and an alignment layer 28, wherein the substrate Sub1 and the substrate Sub2 may be respectively disposed between the first polarizer PL1 and the first electrode layer E1 and between the second polarizer PL2 and the second electrode layer E2, and the alignment layer 26 and the alignment layer 28 may be respectively disposed between the liquid crystal layer LC and the first electrode layer E1 and between the liquid crystal layer LC and the second electrode layer E2. The substrate Sub1 and the substrate Sub2 may be, for example, the same or similar to the transparent substrate of the first substrate 12, but are not limited thereto. The liquid crystal layer LC has different light transmittance driven by different voltage differences due to the alignment directions of the alignment layers 26 and 28 and the polarization directions of the first polarizer PL1 and the second polarizer PL 2. It should be noted that by controlling the light transmittance of the light adjustable device 20, the light transmittance of the electronic device 1 corresponding to the light-transmitting opening T can be adjusted, and further, the brightness of the background light passing through the light-transmitting opening T and the contrast of the brightness of the image displayed by the display device 18 can be controlled. Thus, the contrast of the image can be improved without increasing the brightness of the light generated by the display device 18, thereby reducing the energy consumption and/or improving the comfort of the user in viewing the image. For example, when the electronic device 1 is applied to a vehicle windshield, the light-controllable element 20 can reduce the transmittance when the ambient light outside the vehicle is too bright, so as to improve the contrast of the displayed image without increasing the brightness of the display element 18, and reduce the transmittance when the user wants to view the background image, thereby improving the comfort of the user. In some embodiments, the light adjustable device 20 may also optionally have no first polarizer PL1, no second polarizer PL2, no alignment layer 26, and no alignment layer 28, depending on the type of liquid crystal layer LC.

As shown in fig. 3, in some embodiments, the electronic device 1 may further optionally include a transparent filling layer 30 disposed in the light-transmitting opening T, and the transparent filling layer 30 is disposed between the first substrate 12 and the second substrate 14. For example, the transparent filling layer 30 can fill the first opening 161b of the light shielding layer 161 and the second opening 24b of the retaining wall 24, so as to reduce the probability of air existing between the first substrate 12 and the second substrate 14, and thus the light refraction/reflection path can be improved, thereby improving the reliability of the electronic device 1. The transparent filling layer 30 may include, for example, a transparent resin or other suitable material, but is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the refractive index of the transparent filling layer 30 can be adjusted to be close to or matched with the refractive indexes of the transparent substrate of the first substrate 12 and the second substrate 14, so as to reduce the internal reflection between the first substrate 12 and the second substrate 14, thereby improving the penetration of the light-transmitting opening T. In some embodiments, the transparent filling layer 30 can be a non-homogeneous material, such that the overall refractive index can be higher than the refractive index of the transparent substrate of the first substrate 12 and the refractive index of the second substrate 14, thereby making the light easily scattered by the transparent filling layer 30 to reduce diffraction caused by the light passing through the light-transmitting opening T. For example, the transparent filler layer 30 may, for example, include scattering particles or other suitable particles.

The electronic device is not limited to the above embodiments, and may have different embodiments or variations. For simplicity of illustration, different embodiments and variations will hereinafter use the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment to designate the same elements. In order to easily compare the differences between the first embodiment and the different embodiments and the variations, the differences between the different embodiments and the variations will be highlighted below, and repeated descriptions will not be repeated.

Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an electronic device according to a second embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 4, the difference between the electronic device 2 provided in the present embodiment and the electronic device 1 shown in fig. 3 is that the light adjustable device 20 can be disposed between the first substrate 12 and the second substrate 14. Specifically, the electronic device 2 may include a plurality of light-adjustable devices 20, and each of the light-adjustable devices 20 may be disposed in the first opening 161b of the light-shielding layer 161 and the second opening 24b of the retaining wall 24 in the corresponding pixel region PX. In the embodiment of fig. 4, the light adjustable device 20 may include a first electrode layer E1, a second electrode layer E2, and a liquid crystal layer LC disposed between the first electrode layer E1 and the second electrode layer E2, and the first electrode layer E1 and the second electrode layer E2 are disposed between the liquid crystal layer LC and the first substrate 12 and between the liquid crystal layer LC and the second substrate 14, respectively. The liquid crystal layer LC may for example comprise polymer dispersed liquid crystals, polymer network liquid crystals, cholesteric liquid crystals or other suitable liquid crystal materials. The light adjustable device 20 of the present embodiment may not need to have additional polarizers and other substrates, or may not have alignment layers, but is not limited thereto. The transmittance of the light-controllable element 20 may be changed by adjusting the state of the liquid crystal layer LC, so that light entering the liquid crystal layer LC is scattered or allowed to penetrate. In some embodiments, the liquid crystal layer LC may further optionally include a dye for adjusting the transmittance of light. For example, the liquid crystal layer LC may include a cholesteric liquid crystal and a dye, but is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the image contrast of the electronic device 2 can be controlled by adjusting the thickness of the light adjustable device 20 in the direction ND perpendicular to the normal line of the first substrate 12.

In some embodiments, the light adjustable device 20 may also include a plurality of polarizing lines disposed between the first electrode layer E1 and the first substrate 12 and between the second electrode layer E2 and the second substrate 14 for polarizing light entering the liquid crystal layer LC and light exiting the liquid crystal layer LC.

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an electronic device according to a third embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 5, the electronic device 3 of the present embodiment is different from the electronic device 1 shown in fig. 3 in that the light adjustable device 20 can be disposed on the upper surface 14S1 of the second substrate 14 away from the first substrate 12. In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the light adjustable device 20 includes a substrate Sub1, a substrate Sub2, a first electrode layer E1, a second electrode layer E2, and a liquid crystal layer LC, wherein the liquid crystal layer LC is disposed between the first electrode layer E1 and the second electrode layer E2, and the first electrode layer E1 and the second electrode layer E2 are respectively disposed between the liquid crystal layer LC and the substrate Sub1 and between the liquid crystal layer LC and the substrate Sub 2. In the present embodiment, the first electrode layer E1 may include an electrode 32 and an electrode 34 that are independently controlled, the electrode 32 is disposed in the sub-pixel region SPX, and the electrode 34 at least overlaps the light-transmitting opening T. By applying independent voltages to the

electrodes

32 and 34, respectively, the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer LC corresponding to the sub-pixel regions SPX and the light-transmitting openings T can be controlled, respectively. Thus, the liquid crystal layer LC in the sub-pixel region SPX can be controlled by the electrode 32 to serve as a collimating structure for controlling the viewing angle of the electronic device 1, for example, in a vehicle, the electronic device 1 can prevent a driver from viewing an image when providing the image to a passenger, but is not limited thereto. The liquid crystal layer LC corresponding to the light-transmitting opening T can adjust the transmittance of the light-transmitting opening T by controlling the electrodes 34. The liquid crystal layer LC of the present embodiment may, for example, include polymer dispersed liquid crystal, polymer network liquid crystal, or other suitable liquid crystal material. The light adjustable device 20 of the present embodiment may also have no polarizer or no alignment layer, but is not limited thereto. The transmittance of the light-controllable element 20 may be changed by adjusting the state of the liquid crystal layer LC, so that light entering the liquid crystal layer LC is scattered or allowed to penetrate. In some embodiments, the liquid crystal layer LC shown in fig. 5 may be the same as or similar to the liquid crystal layer LC of fig. 4, but is not limited thereto.

As shown in fig. 5, the electronic device 3 may further optionally be provided with a transparent filling layer 30 in the light-transmitting opening T. Since the transparent filling layer 30 can be the same as or similar to the transparent filling layer 30 shown in fig. 3, it is not repeated herein.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the second display opening 24a corresponding to the display element 18 and the first substrate 12 form a light-gathering structure for gathering the light generated by the display element 18 and emitting the light toward the upper surface 14S1 of the display image, so as to improve the light utilization rate of the display element 18. In detail, the light-condensing structure of the present disclosure may, for example, be that the width of the second display opening 24a in the first direction D1 is gradually wider along the normal direction ND of the first substrate 12, so that the second display opening 24a is formed in a concave cup shape, which may improve the light utilization rate of the display device 18. The light gathering structure may be, for example, a concave cup shape or other suitable shape depending on product requirements. In some embodiments, the electronic device 3 may further include another transparent filling layer 36 disposed on the display element 18 and located in the second display opening 24 a. The transparent filling layer 36 may include, for example, a transparent resin or other suitable material, but is not limited thereto. In certain embodiments, the transparent fill layer 36 may also include scattering particles, but is not limited thereto.

Fig. 6 is a schematic top view illustrating an electronic device according to a fourth embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 6, the electronic device 4 provided in the present embodiment is different from the electronic device 1 shown in fig. 1 in that the light-transmitting opening T is not limited to be a quadrilateral, but can be other polygons, such as an octagon. For example, the included angle θ formed by two adjacent side edges TS of the light-transmitting opening T or the extension line TL thereof may be greater than 90 degrees. In some embodiments, the number of the included angles θ larger than 90 degrees in the light-transmitting opening T may be, for example, larger than or equal to 4, but is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the corner formed by two adjacent side edges TS of the light-transmitting opening T may also be a rounded corner C, but is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the electronic device 4 of fig. 6 may also employ the light adjustable element 20 shown in fig. 4 or fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a schematic top view illustrating an electronic device according to a fifth embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 7, the difference between the electronic device 5 provided in the present embodiment and the electronic device 1 shown in fig. 1 is that the light shielding element 16 may have at least two sub light-transmitting openings Tc. Moreover, in the normal direction ND of the first substrate, at least two sub light-transmitting openings Tc can overlap the light-controllable element 20 (e.g., the light-controllable element 20 shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5). In the present embodiment, the at least two sub light-transmitting openings Tc may have different areas or shapes, and the electronic device 1 located in the sub light-transmitting openings Tc may allow light to pass through in the normal direction ND of the first substrate. Specifically, the electronic device 1 may include at least one light-shielding line 162, and the light-transmitting opening T is overlapped in the normal direction ND of the first substrate, and since the light-shielding line 162 is made of an opaque material, when the light-shielding line 162 overlaps the light-transmitting opening T in the normal direction ND of the first substrate, the light-transmitting opening T forms at least two sub light-transmitting openings Tc allowing light to pass through. The light-shielding line 162 may extend along the first direction D1 and cross the light-transmitting opening T in the normal direction ND, for example, to reduce the diffraction of light. For example, the extending direction of the light-shielding line 162 may be different from the side TS of the light-transmitting opening T to destroy the constructive interference of light. In addition, the light passing through the sub light-transmitting openings Tc can generate non-constructive interference by the difference of the shapes or areas of the adjacent sub light-transmitting openings Tc, thereby reducing the diffraction degree. In some embodiments, the area of the sub light-transmitting opening Tc is different, but not limited thereto.

In the embodiment of fig. 7, the light shielding member 16 may have two adjacent light transmitting openings T in the normal direction ND of the first substrate. Moreover, the light shielding element 16 can have at least two sub light-transmitting openings Tc in two adjacent light-transmitting openings T, and in the present embodiment, the at least two sub light-transmitting openings Tc can have different areas or shapes, so as to reduce the diffraction degree of the light passing through the light-transmitting openings T. In detail, the shape and size of the sub light-transmitting opening Tc can be designed according to the product requirement, but not limited thereto.

In the embodiment of fig. 7, the light-shielding lines 162 and the light-shielding layers 161 may be formed by different layers, and the light-shielding lines 162 may include, for example, data lines, scan lines, electrodes in the light adjustable device 20, a combination thereof, or other suitable opaque wires in the first substrate. The material of the light-shielding lines 162 may include, for example, metal or other opaque conductive material. In some embodiments, the light-shielding lines 162 and the light-shielding layers 161 may be made of the same material, formed by the same process, formed by the same layer, or sandwiched between two layers. In some embodiments, the extending direction of the light-shielding lines 162 crossing two adjacent light-transmitting openings T or the positions of the light-shielding lines and the corresponding light-transmitting openings T may be different. In some embodiments, the areas or shapes of the two sub light-transmitting openings Tc respectively located in the two adjacent pixel areas PX may be different from each other. In some embodiments, the corners of the light-transmitting opening T shown in fig. 7 can also adopt the rounded corners C shown in fig. 1, and/or the light-transmitting opening T shown in fig. 7 can also adopt the polygonal shape shown in fig. 6. In some embodiments, the electronic device 5 of fig. 7 may also employ the light adjustable element 20 shown in fig. 4 or fig. 5.

Fig. 8 is a schematic top view illustrating an electronic device according to a sixth embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 8, the electronic device 6 provided in the present embodiment is different from the electronic device 1 shown in fig. 1 in that the light shielding element 16 may have two adjacent light-transmitting openings T. Moreover, two adjacent light-transmitting openings T can have different areas, so as to reduce the diffraction degree of light passing through the light-transmitting openings T. In some embodiments, the at least one light-transmitting opening T shown in fig. 8 can also adopt the rounded corners of fig. 1 and/or the polygonal shape of fig. 6. In some embodiments, the electronic device 6 shown in fig. 8 may also include the shading lines 162 shown in fig. 7. In some embodiments, the electronic device 6 of fig. 8 may also employ the light adjustable element 20 shown in fig. 4 or fig. 5.

In the electronic device of the present disclosure, the light transmittance of the electronic device in the light-transmitting region can be adjusted by controlling the light transmittance of the light-adjustable element, so as to control the light brightness of the light-transmitting region and the contrast of the image brightness of the display element when displaying the image. Therefore, the contrast of the image can be improved under the condition of not increasing the brightness of the light generated by the display element, and the energy consumption is further reduced and/or the comfort level of a user for watching the image is improved. In addition, the light adjustable element capable of scattering light is arranged through the round angle of the light-transmitting opening and corresponding to the light-transmitting opening, and/or the shading line is arranged corresponding to the light-transmitting opening, so that the diffraction degree of the light passing through the light-transmitting opening can be reduced, and the comfort level of a user is further improved.

The above description is only an example of the present disclosure, and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and it is apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present disclosure. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An electronic device, comprising:

a first substrate and a second substrate, the second substrate being opposite to the first substrate;

the shading element is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate and is provided with a light-transmitting opening, wherein the light-transmitting opening is provided with at least four side edges, and two adjacent side edges of the at least four side edges form a round angle; and

and the light-transmitting opening and the light-adjustable element are at least partially overlapped in the normal direction of the first substrate.

2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the light shielding element comprises a light shielding layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the light shielding layer has a first opening.

3. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the light-shielding element further comprises a retaining wall disposed between the light-shielding layer and the first substrate, the retaining wall has a second opening disposed corresponding to the first opening, and the first opening and the second opening define the light-transmitting opening.

4. The electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the light-shielding layer has a plurality of first display openings, the dam has a plurality of second display openings, the plurality of second display openings are disposed corresponding to the plurality of first display openings, and a maximum thickness of the dam in the normal direction of the first substrate is greater than a maximum thickness of the light-shielding layer in the normal direction of the first substrate.

5. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising at least one light-shielding line overlapping the light-transmissive opening in the normal direction of the first substrate to form at least two sub light-transmissive openings.

6. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the at least two sub light-transmissive openings have different areas.

7. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the at least one light-shielding line is a data line or a scan line.

8. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the light-transmissive opening has a major axis along a first direction, the light-transmissive opening has a minor axis along a second direction, and a ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is greater than 1 and less than 1.5, wherein the first direction is different from the second direction.

9. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the light shielding element further has another light-transmissive opening, and the another light-transmissive opening and the light-transmissive opening have different areas.

10. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising a transparent fill layer disposed in the light-transmissive opening.