CN113284388B - In-vitro vascular embolism simulation system and method - Google Patents

In-vitro vascular embolism simulation system and method Download PDF

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CN113284388B
CN113284388B CN202110580520.4A CN202110580520A CN113284388B CN 113284388 B CN113284388 B CN 113284388B CN 202110580520 A CN202110580520 A CN 202110580520A CN 113284388 B CN113284388 B CN 113284388B
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embolic
simulation
injection
vascular network
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CN113284388A (en
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李涵
刘宏
孙海霞
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Guangdong Guangna Anyu Technology Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B9/00Simulators for teaching or training purposes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/10Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/285Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine for injections, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, sigmoidscopy, insertion of contraceptive devices or enemas
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/10Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
    • A61B2034/101Computer-aided simulation of surgical operations
    • A61B2034/105Modelling of the patient, e.g. for ligaments or bones

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to an in-vitro vascular embolism simulation system and method, which are characterized in that a pressure sensing device is used for providing an initial pressure signal, and a digital simulation technology is used for simulating the hydrodynamic state of a tumor vascular network and an embolic agent in the vascular embolism process. The scheme can restore different tumor vascular networks, push injection of different embolic agents and simulation of the embolic effect, gives the operator enough feeling of presence and immersion, and improves the training effect. By injecting different embolic agents, the viscosity and the injection pressure of the different embolic agents are felt by a visitor in touch, so that the visitor can obtain the feeling of being in the scene, and the difference of the different embolic agents in the injection pressure and the embolic effect can be evaluated.

Description

In-vitro vascular embolism simulation system and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medical equipment, in particular to an in-vitro vascular embolism simulation system and method.
Background
Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, and is the fourth most fatal cancer. In 2018, there are about 84 ten thousand new liver cancer patients worldwide, and an average of 78 ten thousand patients are worldwide from liver cancer every year, and China is the large country of liver cancer, and the average of the new liver cancer cases and death cases in each year is about half of the world. Although surgical excision is the most ideal liver cancer treatment scheme, because early liver cancer is very strong in concealment, the symptoms are not obvious and difficult to diagnose and find, a large number of patients cannot be diagnosed until middle and late stages, so that only 25% of early cases can be treated by means of surgical excision, liver transplantation and the like, and the liver cancer has very strong tolerance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and poor treatment effect. Currently, synthetic therapies based on interventional therapies (such as embolization and ablation) have become an important tool in the treatment of clinically advanced liver cancer.
Interventional radiology (Interventional Radiology) is a generic term for a series of techniques for minimally invasive treatment of a lesion site in a human body with a variety of interventional instruments guided by a medical imaging system. Modern interventional radiology originated half a century ago, and after having undergone decades of development, has gained widespread attention and application worldwide as one of the three major clinical disciplines in parallel with medicine and surgery. The interventional therapy has the advantages of targeting to focus, small trauma, high curative effect, few complications and the like, is widely used for clinically treating organ hemorrhage, angioplasty, intrahepatic portal bypass, stent transplantation, elimination and deactivation of pathological viscera and local tumor treatment, and particularly plays an important role which cannot be replaced by other therapies in the treatment of some solid tumors (such as liver cancer, kidney cancer, hysteromyoma and the like).
Vascular interventions include arterial infusion and arterial embolization (Transcatheter Arterial Embolization, TAE). The unique dual blood supply of the liver is the physiological basis for arterial embolism (TAE). The development and progression of primary liver cancer (HCC) requires a rich blood supply, with normal liver 2/3-3/4 from portal vein and 1/4-2/3 from hepatic artery, whereas in HCC patients the tumor is mainly fed by hepatic artery. The principle of TAE is to block the blood supply of tumor by embolizing hepatic artery, thereby causing tumor necrosis.
On the basis of TAE, high-concentration chemotherapeutic drugs are synchronously delivered when tumor blood vessels are occluded, so that the drugs are reserved at the tumor blood vessels for a long time and are released locally and slowly, the toxic and side effects caused by systemic administration are reduced, the necrosis of tumors is further promoted, and the life quality of patients is improved. TACE treatment is carried out on patients every 2-3 months on average, so that the median survival time of the patients is improved to 19.4 months, and the survival rate of 5 years is improved to 32.4%.
The interventional embolization operation has high operation requirement on doctors, and needs rich clinical experience and cognition on different embolization agent performances to improve the success rate of the embolization operation and reduce the occurrence of medical accidents. Therefore, the in-vitro embolism simulating technology can effectively help doctors practice interventional embolism operation, and the prior art adopts hardware to simulate clinical interventional embolism operation through in-vitro injection to vascular networks (micro-fluidic technology or vascular simulation through pipelines) prepared by different molding technologies. Reference may be made in particular to the new patent: an authorized bulletin number 207718689U, an in vitro interventional embolic therapy simulation system; application number CN201911327328.3, an in vitro simulation training device for vascular intervention treatment. The main drawbacks of the above prior art are as follows:
1. the fluid mechanics or the embolic state of different embolic agents in the process of bolus embolism cannot be reduced to the greatest extent.
2. Because of the great difference in tumor vessel shape of different cases, one vessel cannot be used to simulate the tumor vessel network of different patients.
3. As an interventional embolic operation training device or a preoperative simulated treatment device, the interventional embolic operation training device cannot provide a doctor with sufficient feeling of presence.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an in-vitro vascular embolism simulation system and method, which solve the technical problem that the embolism simulation device can not reduce the fluid mechanics or the embolism state of different embolic agents in the process of pushing and infusing embolism to the greatest extent.
The invention provides an in vitro vascular embolism simulation system for solving the technical problems, which comprises:
the parameter acquisition module is used for injecting embolic agent by using an injector and a micro-catheter in vitro, and a pressure sensor is added at an injection outlet to obtain a fluid initial pressure signal and convert the fluid initial pressure signal into an electronic signal of injection rate;
the modeling module is used for carrying out 3D reconstruction on a tumor vascular network of a tumor patient through a digital technology;
the fluid simulation module is used for simulating the blood flow in the reconstructed tumor vascular network according to a fluid mechanics simulation technology, simulating the electronic signal comprising the injection rate, the viscosity of the embolic agent and the fluid mechanics state of the heat exchange parameter in the 3D reconstructed tumor vascular network by using the fluid mechanics simulation technology, and evaluating the embolism effect of different embolic agents in the tumor vascular network after the injection of different bolus rates;
the VR module is used for presenting the simulation process in front of an operator in a VR mode, so that the presence is improved;
preferably, a pressure sensor for monitoring the plug injection pressure is arranged at the injection port;
preferably, the embolic agent comprises one of iodized oil, embolic particles/microspheres, ethylene vinyl alcohol polymer, temperature sensitive gel;
preferably, the digital technology adopted by the modeling module is CT and MRI;
the invention also provides a method for the in-vitro vascular embolism simulation system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, injecting embolic agent by using an injector and a microcatheter in vitro, adding a pressure sensor at an injection outlet to obtain a fluid initial pressure signal, and converting the fluid initial pressure signal into an electronic signal of injection rate;
s2, performing 3D reconstruction on a tumor vascular network of a tumor patient by a digital technology;
s3, simulating the blood flow in the reconstructed tumor vascular network according to a hydrodynamic simulation technology, and simulating the hydrodynamic state of the electronic signal comprising the injection rate, the parameters such as the viscosity of the embolic agent, the heat exchange and the like in the 3D reconstructed tumor vascular network by using the hydrodynamic simulation technology, so as to evaluate the embolic effect of different embolic agents in the tumor vascular network after the injection of different bolus rates;
s4, presenting the simulation process in front of an operator in a VR mode, and improving the presence.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention provides an in-vitro vascular embolism simulation system and method, which can restore different tumor vascular networks, bolus injections of different embolic agents and simulation of embolism effects, give operators sufficient feeling of presence and immersion, and improve training effects. Virtual reality technology (VR) may provide better immersion than mixed reality technology (MR). The visitor wears virtual reality glasses and presents the scene of the interventional embolism operation and the embolism process in front of eyes. Different embolic agents (temperature-sensitive nanogel, iodized oil, embolic particles/microspheres and the like) are injected, so that visitors feel the viscosity and injection pressure of the different embolic agents in a tactile sense, and the embolic effect is fed back into an image in real time through a VR technology, so that the visitors obtain the feeling of being in the scene. Thus, the difference of different embolic agents in the pushing pressure and the embolic effect is shown.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention, as it is embodied in the following description, with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. Specific embodiments of the present invention are given in detail by the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method for simulating in vitro vascular embolism of the invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The invention is more particularly described by way of example in the following paragraphs with reference to the drawings. Advantages and features of the invention will become more apparent from the following description and from the claims. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all to a non-precise scale, merely for convenience and clarity in aiding in the description of embodiments of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an in vitro vascular embolism simulation system, comprising a parameter acquisition module for injecting embolic agent using a syringe and microcatheter in vitro, a pressure sensor is added at the injection outlet to obtain a fluid initial pressure signal, and the fluid initial pressure signal is converted into an electronic signal of injection rate;
the modeling module is used for carrying out 3D reconstruction on a tumor vascular network of a tumor patient through a digital technology;
the fluid simulation module is used for simulating the blood flow in the reconstructed tumor vascular network according to a fluid mechanics simulation technology, simulating the fluid mechanics state of the parameters such as the injection rate, the viscosity of the embolic agent, the heat exchange and the like in the 3D reconstructed tumor vascular network by using the fluid mechanics simulation technology, and evaluating the embolism effect of different embolic agents in the tumor vascular network after being injected at different injection rates;
and the VR module is used for presenting the simulation process in front of an operator in the form of VR, so as to improve the presence.
The injector provides visual pressure feeling for visitors, so that the hand feeling of pushing and injecting different embolic agents can be judged, and the pressure sensor converts the pressure generated in the process of pushing and injecting the embolic agents into a digital signal, so as to provide flow speed conditions for the simulation of the embolic effect; the method comprises the steps of modeling a whole interventional embolism operating room scene by acquiring tumor angiography CT data of different patients, displaying the tumor vascular network in front of a visitor completely, and moving and observing the tumor vascular network in a whole virtual space by a controller; and simulating blood flow and embolism effects, and performing hydrodynamic simulation on the blood flow and different embolism agents to obtain embolism effect display of the embolism agents in a tumor vascular network.
Wherein, the parameter acquisition module includes: the device comprises a syringe, a micro-catheter and a pressure sensor, wherein the syringe, the micro-catheter and the pressure sensor are used for acquiring pressure change data of the embolic agent when the embolic agent is injected in the micro-catheter. The scheme can restore simulation of bolus effects of different embolic agents, gives operators enough telepresence and immersion, and improves training effects and immersion. By injecting different embolic agents, the visitor can feel the viscosity and the injection pressure of the different embolic agents in a tactile sense, so that the visitor can obtain the feeling of being in the scene. Thus, the difference of different embolic agents in the pushing pressure and the embolic effect is shown.
Virtual reality technology (VR) may provide better immersion than mixed reality technology (MR). The visitor wears virtual reality glasses and presents the scene of the interventional embolism operation and the embolism process in front of eyes. Different embolic agents (temperature-sensitive nanogel, iodized oil, embolic particles/microspheres and the like) are injected, so that visitors feel the viscosity and injection pressure of the different embolic agents in a tactile sense, and the embolic effect is fed back into an image in real time through a VR technology, so that the visitors obtain the feeling of being in the scene. Thus, the difference of different embolic agents in the pushing pressure and the embolic effect is shown.
In a preferred scheme, a pressure sensor for monitoring the plug injection pressure is arranged at the injection port. The bolus pressure was recorded in real time. The injector provides visual pressure feeling for visitors, so that the hand feeling of pushing different embolic agents can be judged, and the pressure sensor converts the pressure generated in the process of pushing the embolic agents into a digital signal, so as to provide flow speed conditions for embolic effect simulation.
Preferably, the simulation system further comprises a VR module, and the embolism effect is fed back into the image in real time through a VR technology, so that the visitor obtains the feeling of being in the scene. Thus, the difference of different embolic agents in the pushing pressure and the embolic effect is shown. The operation scene and the tumor vascular network digital model the whole interventional embolism operation room scene by acquiring tumor angiography CT data of different patients, completely show the tumor vascular network in front of a visitor, and can move and observe in the whole virtual space through a controller. The fluid represents blood flow, and the embolism effect of the embolic agent in the tumor vascular network is displayed by simulating the blood flow and the embolism effect and performing fluid mechanics simulation on the blood flow and different embolic agents.
The system can furthest reduce the hydrodynamic force or the embolic state of different embolic agents in the process of bolus embolism. Because of the great difference of tumor vessel shape of different cases, the different kinds of embolic agents are injected to simulate the tumor vessel shape of different cases, thereby simulating the tumor vessel network condition of different patients and carrying out quantitative evaluation. By injecting different embolic agents, the visitor tactilely experiences the viscosity and injection pressure of the different embolic agents. As an interventional embolic operation training device or a preoperative simulated treatment device, the device can provide sufficient feeling of presence for doctors or trainers.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention also provides a method for an in vitro vascular embolism simulation system, comprising:
s1, injecting embolic agent by using an injector and a microcatheter in vitro, adding a pressure sensor at an injection outlet to obtain a fluid initial pressure signal, and converting the fluid initial pressure signal into an electronic signal of injection rate;
s2, performing 3D reconstruction on a tumor vascular network of a tumor patient by a digital technology;
s3, simulating the blood flow in the reconstructed tumor vascular network according to a hydrodynamic simulation technology, and simulating the hydrodynamic state of the electronic signal comprising the injection rate, the parameters such as the viscosity of the embolic agent, the heat exchange and the like in the 3D reconstructed tumor vascular network by using the hydrodynamic simulation technology, so as to evaluate the embolic effect of different embolic agents in the tumor vascular network after the injection of different bolus rates;
s4, presenting the simulation process in front of an operator in a VR mode, and improving the presence.
Specifically, (1) using a syringe and a microcatheter to bolus the embolic agent in vitro, adding a pressure sensor at a bolus outlet, obtaining a fluid initial pressure signal, and converting into an electronic signal of an injection rate; (2) 3D reconstruction is carried out on a tumor vascular network of a tumor patient through a CT technology; (3) simulating blood flow in the reconstructed tumor vessel network of (2) using hydrodynamic simulation techniques; (3) simulating the injection rate electronic signals obtained in the step (1) and parameters such as embolic agent viscosity, heat exchange and the like to simulate the hydrodynamic state in the 3D reconstructed tumor vascular network by using a hydrodynamic simulation technology, so as to evaluate the embolic effect of different embolic agents in the tumor vascular network after injection at different bolus rates; (4) the digital simulation process is presented to an operator in the form of VR to improve the sense of presence. The VR is utilized to simulate the whole operating room environment and the tumor embolism process, the image is fed back in real time in front of the eyes of an operator, and the operator can perceive the embolism states of different embolic agents in the accurately reconstructed tumor vascular network under the conditions of different injection rates and pressures through injection.
The method can reduce the fluid mechanics or the embolism state of different kinds of embolic agents in the process of pushing and infusing the embolism to the greatest extent through fluid mechanics simulation. The digital model is accurately reconstructed for the tumor vascular network of different patients, and the defect that the prior art replaces all tumor vascular networks with a universal solid model is overcome.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention provides an in-vitro vascular embolism simulation system and method, which can restore different tumor vascular networks, bolus injections of different embolic agents and simulation of embolism effects, give operators sufficient feeling of presence and immersion, and improve training effects. Virtual reality technology (VR) may provide better immersion than mixed reality technology (MR). The visitor wears virtual reality glasses and presents the scene of the interventional embolism operation and the embolism process in front of eyes. Different embolic agents (temperature-sensitive nanogel, iodized oil, embolic particles/microspheres and the like) are injected, so that visitors feel the viscosity and injection pressure of the different embolic agents in a tactile sense, and the embolic effect is fed back into an image in real time through a VR technology, so that the visitors obtain the feeling of being in the scene. Thus, the difference of different embolic agents in the pushing pressure and the embolic effect is shown.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way; those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention may be implemented as shown in the drawings and described above; however, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many modifications, adaptations, and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings without departing from the scope of the invention; meanwhile, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolution of the above embodiments according to the essential technology of the present invention still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. An in vitro vascular embolization simulation system, comprising:
the parameter acquisition module is used for injecting embolic agent by using an injector and a micro-catheter in vitro, and a pressure sensor is added at an injection outlet to obtain a fluid initial pressure signal and convert the fluid initial pressure signal into an electronic signal of injection rate;
the modeling module is used for carrying out 3D reconstruction on a tumor vascular network of a tumor patient through a digital technology;
the fluid simulation module is used for simulating the blood flow in the reconstructed tumor vascular network according to a fluid mechanics simulation technology, simulating the electronic signal comprising the injection rate, the viscosity of the embolic agent and the fluid mechanics state of the heat exchange parameter in the 3D reconstructed tumor vascular network by using the fluid mechanics simulation technology, and evaluating the embolism effect of the temperature-sensitive nanogel in the tumor vascular network after injection at different injection rates; the embolic agent is temperature-sensitive nanogel;
and the VR module is used for presenting the simulation process in front of an operator in the form of VR, so as to improve the presence.
2. A method for the in vitro vascular embolism simulation system of claim 1, comprising:
s1, injecting embolic agent by using an injector and a microcatheter in vitro, adding a pressure sensor at an injection outlet to obtain a fluid initial pressure signal, and converting the fluid initial pressure signal into an electronic signal of injection rate;
s2, performing 3D reconstruction on a tumor vascular network of a tumor patient by a digital technology;
s3, simulating the blood flow in the reconstructed tumor vascular network according to a hydrodynamic simulation technology, and simulating the hydrodynamic state of the electronic signal comprising the injection rate, the viscosity of the embolic agent and the heat exchange parameters in the 3D reconstructed tumor vascular network by using the hydrodynamic simulation technology, so as to evaluate the embolic effect of the temperature-sensitive nanogel in the tumor vascular network after injection at different injection rates; the embolic agent is temperature-sensitive nanogel;
s4, presenting the simulation process in front of an operator in a VR mode, and improving the presence.
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