CN113283131A - Fire spread prediction method suitable for transformer substation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fire spread prediction method suitable for a transformer substation, which comprises the following steps: (a) building a three-dimensional model of a transformer substation, and firstly acquiring transformer substation buildings, transformer substation equipment, transformer substation fire protection monitoring points and transformer substation fire protection monitoring state data; (b) carrying out finite element division based on the structure of the transformer substation building and the density of the transformer substation equipment to form a finite element calculation area, and dividing the finite element calculation area into a plurality of finite element grids according to the finite element calculation area; (c) abstracting each finite element grid into a flammable point, and calculating the temperature of the adjacent finite element grids from the flammable point; (d) and (4) based on the step (c), carrying out grid deduction on the fire spreading condition of the whole transformer substation area layer by layer from the ignition point. The method adopts a finite element method to construct a three-dimensional fire scene model with higher fineness, calculate a temperature field and predict a fire path to obtain the fire spreading prediction method with higher fineness and higher calculation speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fixed fire spread prediction, in particular to a fire spread prediction method suitable for a transformer substation.
Background
The fire spreading prediction method can effectively judge the fire condition and fire alarm of a fire scene, not only can provide theoretical basis for the design of fire-fighting equipment such as a fire-fighting water nozzle, a firewall and the like on the scene in the design stage of a transformer substation, but also can provide auxiliary decision support for fire-fighting linkage equipment on the scene when the fire occurs.
The transformer substation is different from a common building, has unique characteristics and mainly comprises the following components: (1) the possible ignition sources are more, but the position is relatively fixed; (2) the fire monitoring equipment for sensing temperature, fire, smoke and the like is relatively complete, and real-time fire information can be relatively accurately acquired; (3) buildings are relatively ventilated. Therefore, the traditional fire spread prediction method is usually based on open forest areas or common buildings and is not suitable for special situations of transformer substations.
In view of this, the invention provides a fire spread prediction method suitable for a transformer substation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fire spread prediction method suitable for a transformer substation aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a fire spread prediction method suitable for a transformer substation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) constructing a three-dimensional model of a transformer substation, and firstly acquiring transformer substation buildings, transformer substation equipment, transformer substation fire prevention monitoring points and transformer substation fire protection monitoring state data;
(b) carrying out finite element division based on the structure of the transformer substation building and the density of the transformer substation equipment to form a finite element calculation area, and dividing the finite element calculation area into a plurality of finite element grids according to the finite element calculation area;
(c) abstracting each finite element grid into a flammable point, and calculating the temperature of the adjacent finite element grids from the flammable point;
(d) based on the step (c), carrying out grid deduction on the fire spreading condition of the whole transformer substation area layer by layer from the ignition point, and calculating the temperature of all finite element grids covering the finite element calculation area;
(e) and (d) correcting the data by adopting a simulated annealing algorithm based on the fire protection monitoring state data of the transformer substation acquired in real time, and correcting the temperatures of all the finite element grids calculated in the step (d) to obtain updated and corrected prediction data.
Further, in step (a), the information of the substation building includes a structure of the substation building and a material fire prevention characteristic of the substation building.
Further, in the step (a), the information of the substation equipment includes a location of the substation equipment, a material of the substation equipment, and an ignition characteristic of the substation equipment.
Further, in the step (a), the information of the fire-fighting monitoring point of the transformer substation comprises the positions of a smoke sensor, a temperature sensor, a flame detector and a temperature measuring cable in the transformer substation.
Further, in the step (a), the three-dimensional model of the substation includes a substation building three-dimensional model parameter list, a substation equipment three-dimensional information list, a substation building fire-fighting parameter list, a substation equipment three-dimensional model file, and a substation fire-fighting information index file.
Further, in step (c), the ignitable point comprises 4 stages of unburnt, ignited, fully combusted and attenuated.
Further, in the step (c), the 4 stages of different materials of the transformer substation building and the transformer substation equipment adopt different temperature-time curves and heat release speed-time curves to calculate the fire development trend of a single combustion point.
Further, in the step (c), the specific steps of calculating the temperature of the adjacent finite element grids from the ignition point are as follows:
first according to the formula
Calculating the temperature of the adjacent finite element grids;
wherein T0(T) is the temperature of the current finite element grid, and k (T) is a random disturbance factor which changes along with time;
a represents the combustion point acceleration factor: a ═ k1k2dV2Wherein k is1Is the combustion point material factor, k2Is a fire element factor, d is an air humidity factor, and V is the current wind speed;
b is the diffusion path acceleration factor:
wherein k is3Is the material factor of the combustion propagation path, d is the air humidity factor, VHIs the current wind speed in the direction of propagation;
when t (t) is greater than the burn point, the adjacent burn point is considered ignited.
Further, in the step (e), the specific steps of correcting the data by using the simulated annealing algorithm are as follows:
(1) randomly generating an initial optimal value, and taking the initial optimal value as the current optimal value X (0) ═ X0And calculating the objective function value f (X)0) (ii) a Setting a sufficiently large initial temperature T ═ T0The initial cooling frequency N is 0;
(2) setting an initial value k of a cycle counter to be 1, and setting a maximum cycle frequency LMAX as the number of adjacent grids of the finite element grid;
(3) from X0Randomly changing to X1Calculating the objective function value f (X)1) And calculating the increment delta f of the objective function value;
(4) if Δ f < 0 or if Δ f > 0 and p ═ exp (- Δ f/T0) is a number between 0 and 1, X is added1Setting to be the current optimal solution, otherwise, setting X to be the current optimal solution0Setting as the current optimal solution;
(5) adding 1 to a loop counter k, and if k is smaller than the maximum loop time LMAX, skipping to the step (3); if k is larger than the maximum cycle frequency LMAX and the error function value is larger than the set error, the temperature reduction function reduces T to TN and the temperature reduction frequency N to N +1, and then the step (2) is skipped; and if k is greater than the maximum cycle number LMAX and the error function value is less than or equal to the set error, outputting the current optimal solution and finishing the calculation.
Further, the error function is
Wherein L is the number of adjacent finite elements, Ti(T) is the predicted temperature, T'i(t) monitoring the temperature for the sensor.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a fire spread prediction method suitable for a transformer substation, which is different from the traditional fire spread prediction method suitable for open forest areas or common buildings, and is based on the characteristics that the transformer substation has more ignition sources but relatively fixed positions, the real-time fire information is accurately acquired and the buildings are relatively weak in ventilation, a three-dimensional fire scene model with high fineness is constructed by adopting a finite element method, a temperature field is calculated and a fire path is predicted, the fire path prediction effect and efficiency are optimized by adopting a simulated annealing algorithm, and finally the fire spread prediction method with high fineness and high calculation speed is obtained.
The method can not only provide theoretical basis for the design of fire-fighting equipment such as fire-fighting water nozzles, fire walls and the like on site in the design stage of the transformer substation, but also provide auxiliary decision support for fire-fighting linkage equipment on site when fire occurs.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a flow chart of a fire spread prediction method applicable to a substation in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention for solving the optimal solution of T (t) using a simulated annealing algorithm;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a finite element mesh construction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is only intended to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a fire spread prediction method suitable for a substation includes the following steps:
(a) a three-dimensional model of the transformer substation is built, and transformer substation buildings, transformer substation equipment, transformer substation fire prevention monitoring points and transformer substation fire protection monitoring state data are obtained firstly.
Specifically, the information of the substation building comprises the structure of the substation building and the material fire protection characteristics of the substation building. Specifically, the information of the substation equipment comprises the position of the substation equipment, the material of the substation equipment and the ignition characteristics of the substation equipment.
Specifically, the data such as the information of the substation building, the information of the substation equipment and the like are usually taken from the data information in the building construction design drawing in the substation.
Specifically, the information of the fire protection monitoring point of the transformer substation comprises the positions of a smoke sensor, a temperature sensor, a flame detector and a temperature measuring cable in the transformer substation. The information of the fire-fighting monitoring points of the transformer substation is taken from a fire-fighting monitoring system in the transformer substation.
Specifically, the three-dimensional model of the transformer substation comprises a transformer substation building three-dimensional model parameter list, a transformer substation equipment three-dimensional information list, a transformer substation building fire-fighting parameter list, a transformer substation equipment three-dimensional model file and a transformer substation fire-fighting information index file.
(b) Carrying out finite element division based on the structure of the transformer substation building and the density of the transformer substation equipment to form a finite element calculation area, and dividing the finite element calculation area into a plurality of finite element grids according to the finite element calculation area;
preferably, the calculation area is first divided into a number of different finite element calculation areas, which are usually hexahedral areas, depending on the building structure and equipment material of the substation.
Furthermore, the wall, the room and the large equipment are set to be different areas;
further, each region is divided into finite elements according to the characteristics of each region, the finite element sizes of different regions can be different, but the finite element sizes of the same region are the same.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, referring to fig. 3, finite element division is performed based on the building structure of the substation and the density of the ignitable equipment:
the building wall body of the brick-concrete structure is an independent area;
the door body of the wooden structure is an independent area;
the transformer equipment is an independent area;
each control screen group is an independent area;
the vacant area of each room is an independent area.
(c) Abstracting each finite element grid into a flammable point, and calculating the temperature of the adjacent finite element grids from the flammable point;
specifically, in step (c), the ignitable point comprises 4 stages of unburnt, ignited, fully combusted and attenuated.
Specifically, in the step (c), the fire development trend of a single combustion point is calculated by adopting different temperature-time curves and heat release speed-time curves in 4 stages of different materials of the transformer substation building and materials of transformer substation equipment.
Specifically, in step (c), the specific steps of calculating the temperature of the adjacent finite element grids from the ignition point are as follows:
first according to the formula
Calculating the temperature of the adjacent finite element grids;
wherein T0(T) is the temperature of the current finite element grid, and k (T) is a random disturbance factor which changes along with time;
a represents the combustion point acceleration factor: a ═ k1k2dV2Wherein k is1Is the combustion point material factor, k2Is a fire element factor, d is an air humidity factor, and V is the current wind speed;
b is the diffusion path acceleration factor:
wherein k is3Is the material factor of the combustion propagation path, d is the air humidity factor, VHIs the current wind speed in the direction of propagation;
when t (t) is greater than the burn point, the adjacent burn point is considered ignited.
(d) And (c) based on the step (c), carrying out grid-by-grid deduction on the fire spreading condition of the whole transformer substation area from the ignition point, and calculating the temperature of all the finite element grids covering the finite element calculation area.
(e) And (d) correcting the data by adopting a simulated annealing algorithm based on the fire protection monitoring state data of the transformer substation acquired in real time, and correcting the temperatures of all the finite element grids calculated in the step (d) to obtain updated and corrected prediction data.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, in step (e), the data are corrected by using the simulated annealing algorithm in the following specific steps:
(1) randomly generating an initial optimal value, and taking the initial optimal value as the current optimal value X (0) ═ X0And calculating the objective function value f (X)0) (ii) a Setting a sufficiently large initial temperature T ═ T0The initial cooling frequency N is 0;
(2) setting an initial value k of a cycle counter to be 1, and setting a maximum cycle frequency LMAX as the number of adjacent grids of the finite element grid;
(3) from X0Randomly changing to X1Calculating the objective function value f (X)1) And calculating the increment delta f of the objective function value;
(4) if Δ f < 0 or if Δ f > 0 and p ═ exp (- Δ f/T0) is a number between 0 and 1, X is added1Setting to be the current optimal solution, otherwise, setting X to be the current optimal solution0Setting as the current optimal solution;
(5) adding 1 to a loop counter k, and if k is smaller than the maximum loop time LMAX, skipping to the step (3); if k is larger than the maximum cycle frequency LMAX and the error function value is larger than the set error, the temperature reduction function reduces T to TN and the temperature reduction frequency N to N +1, and then the step (2) is skipped; and if k is greater than the maximum cycle number LMAX and the error function value is less than or equal to the set error, outputting the current optimal solution and finishing the calculation.
In particular, the error function is
Wherein L is the number of adjacent finite elements, Ti(T) is the predicted temperature, T'i(t) monitoring the temperature for the sensor.
The invention relates to a fire spread prediction method suitable for a transformer substation, which is different from the traditional fire spread prediction method suitable for open forest areas or common buildings, and is based on the characteristics that the transformer substation has more ignition sources but relatively fixed positions, the real-time fire information is accurately acquired and the buildings are relatively weak in ventilation, a three-dimensional fire scene model with high fineness is constructed by adopting a finite element method, a temperature field is calculated and a fire path is predicted, the fire path prediction effect and efficiency are optimized by adopting a simulated annealing algorithm, and finally the fire spread prediction method with high fineness and high calculation speed is obtained.
The method can not only provide theoretical basis for the design of fire-fighting equipment such as fire-fighting water nozzles, fire walls and the like on site in the design stage of the transformer substation, but also provide auxiliary decision support for fire-fighting linkage equipment on site when fire occurs.
The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any simple changes, equivalent substitutions or modifications made on the basis of the present invention to solve the same technical problems and achieve the same technical effects are all covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fire spread prediction method suitable for a transformer substation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) building a three-dimensional model of a transformer substation, and firstly acquiring transformer substation buildings, transformer substation equipment, transformer substation fire protection monitoring points and transformer substation fire protection monitoring state data;
(b) carrying out finite element division based on the structure of the transformer substation building and the density of the transformer substation equipment to form a finite element calculation area, and dividing the finite element calculation area into a plurality of finite element grids according to the finite element calculation area;
(c) abstracting each finite element grid into a flammable point, and calculating the temperature of the adjacent finite element grids from the flammable point;
(d) based on the step (c), carrying out grid deduction on the fire spreading condition of the whole transformer substation area layer by layer from the ignition point, and calculating the temperature of all finite element grids covering the finite element calculation area;
(e) and (d) correcting the data by adopting a simulated annealing algorithm based on the fire protection monitoring state data of the transformer substation acquired in real time, and correcting the temperatures of all the finite element grids calculated in the step (d) to obtain updated and corrected prediction data.
2. The fire spread prediction method for a substation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (a), the information of the substation building includes a structure of the substation building and a material fire prevention characteristic of the substation building.
3. The fire spread prediction method for a substation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (a), the information of the substation equipment includes a location of the substation equipment, a material of the substation equipment, and a firing characteristic of the substation equipment.
4. The fire spread prediction method for a substation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (a), the information of the fire-fighting monitoring point of the transformer substation comprises the positions of a smoke sensor, a temperature sensor, a flame detector and a temperature measuring cable in the transformer substation.
5. The fire spread prediction method for a substation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (a), the three-dimensional model of the transformer substation comprises a transformer substation building three-dimensional model parameter list, a transformer substation equipment three-dimensional information list, a transformer substation building fire-fighting parameter list, a transformer substation equipment three-dimensional model file and a transformer substation fire-fighting information index file.
6. The fire spread prediction method for a substation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (c), the ignitable point comprises 4 stages of unburnt, ignited, fully combusted and attenuated.
7. The fire spread prediction method for a substation according to claim 6, wherein: in the step (c), the 4 stages of different materials of the transformer substation building and the transformer substation equipment adopt different temperature-time curves and heat release speed-time curves to calculate the fire development trend of a single combustion point.
8. The fire spread prediction method for a substation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (c), the specific steps of calculating the temperature of the adjacent finite element grids from the ignition point are as follows:
first according to the formula
Calculating the temperature of the adjacent finite element grids;
wherein T0(T) is the temperature of the current finite element grid, and k (T) is a random disturbance factor which changes along with time;
a represents the combustion point acceleration factor: a ═ k1k2dV2Wherein k is1Is the combustion point material factor, k2Is a fire element factor, d is an air humidity factor, and V is the current wind speed;
b is the diffusion path acceleration factor:
wherein k is3Is the material factor of the combustion propagation path, d is the air humidity factor, VHIs the current wind speed in the direction of propagation;
when t (t) is greater than the burn point, the adjacent burn point is considered ignited.
9. The fire spread prediction method for a substation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (e), the specific steps of correcting data by adopting the simulated annealing algorithm are as follows:
(1) randomly generating an initial optimal value, and taking the initial optimal value as the current optimal value X (0) ═ X0And calculating the objective function value f (X)0) (ii) a Setting a sufficiently large initial temperature T ═ T0The initial cooling frequency N is 0;
(2) setting an initial value k of a cycle counter to be 1, and setting a maximum cycle frequency LMAX as the number of adjacent grids of the finite element grid;
(3) from X0Randomly changing to X1Calculating the objective function value f (X)1) And calculating the increment delta f of the objective function value;
(4) if Δ f < 0 or if Δ f > 0 and p ═ exp (- Δ f/T0) is a number between 0 and 1, X is added1Setting to be the current optimal solution, otherwise, setting X to be the current optimal solution0Setting as the current optimal solution;
(5) adding 1 to a loop counter k, and if k is smaller than the maximum loop time LMAX, skipping to the step (3); if k is larger than the maximum cycle frequency LMAX and the error function value is larger than the set error, decreasing T to TN and N to N +1 according to the temperature decreasing function, and skipping to the step (2); and if k is larger than the maximum cycle frequency LMAX and the error function value is smaller than or equal to the set error, outputting the current optimal solution and finishing the calculation.
10. The fire spread prediction method for a substation according to claim 9, characterized in that: the error function is
Wherein L is the number of adjacent finite elements, Ti(T) is the predicted temperature, T'i(t) monitoring the temperature for the sensor.
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| CN117152592A (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2023-12-01 | 青岛澳西智能科技有限公司 | Building information and fire information visualization system and method |
| CN117152592B (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2024-01-30 | 青岛澳西智能科技有限公司 | Building information and fire information visualization system and method |
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