CN113281730A - Ku wave band sea clutter measuring radar - Google Patents
Ku wave band sea clutter measuring radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN113281730A CN113281730A CN202011417829.3A CN202011417829A CN113281730A CN 113281730 A CN113281730 A CN 113281730A CN 202011417829 A CN202011417829 A CN 202011417829A CN 113281730 A CN113281730 A CN 113281730A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/86—Combinations of radar systems with non-radar systems, e.g. sonar, direction finder
- G01S13/867—Combination of radar systems with cameras
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Ku wave band sea clutter measuring radar which mainly comprises an antenna feeder system, a transmitting system, a receiving system, a signal processing system, an environment monitoring system, a photoelectric tracking system, a servo system, a power supply system and a control system, wherein the antenna feeder system is respectively connected with the transmitting system and the receiving system, the transmitting system and the receiving system are connected with the signal processing system, the signal processing system is connected with the control system, and the control system is respectively connected with the servo system, the environment monitoring system and the photoelectric tracking system. The invention has the following advantages: the radar has the measuring capability under the conditions of multiple directions, multiple frequency points and small ground-rubbing angles; the device may be remotely controlled by software. The radar aims to complete the measurement of sea clutter time and polarization characteristics and data storage by simulating the motion environment of the tail end of a high-precision guided weapon. And establishing a sea clutter database under various sea conditions, and using the sea clutter database to simulate various battlefield environments afterwards and evaluate the clutter interference resistance of the high-precision guided weapon seeker.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetism, in particular to a Ku-band sea clutter measuring radar.
Background
When the radar detects a sea target in the sea mode, the radar is inevitably influenced by complex sea surface echoes, namely sea clutter. How to effectively inhibit sea clutter and accumulate target echo energy to the maximum extent so as to weaken the adverse effect of the sea clutter and improve the detection performance of the offshore targets is a bottleneck theoretical technical problem with strong searchability and great difficulty and is also a difficult point problem which still needs to be further solved in the field of radar application
The basic premise for weakening the adverse effect of the sea clutter is to develop the research on the characteristics of the sea clutter, fully master the characteristic law of the sea clutter and reasonably and effectively utilize the characteristics of the sea clutter; on the basis, a reasonable sea clutter model is established, and clutter suppression and target detection methods matched with the sea clutter model are researched, so that an effective way for further improving and innovating the offshore target detection technology is provided. The research on the characteristics of the sea clutter is a common technical problem, is a research hotspot of the current offshore target detection technology of various countries, is also a fundamental problem, has great difficulty in characteristic description, and is mainly reflected in the following 3 aspects:
1. sea clutter influencing factors are numerous, from the large aspect, the sea clutter influencing factors comprise radar parameters, sea areas, hydrological/meteorological parameters and the like, each factor can be further refined, and the sea clutter is a nonlinear function of the complex variable parameters;
2. the sea clutter model usually deviates from Gaussian distribution and presents non-Gaussian, non-linear and non-stationary characteristics (namely three-non characteristics), wherein the non-Gaussian is mainly related to the continuous improvement of the resolution, the non-linear is mainly closely related to a dynamic model of the sea surface, and the non-stationary characteristic is mainly caused by the time-varying characteristic of the sea surface state;
3. under the conditions of high resolution, high sea state, small ground-rubbing angle and the like, the probability of the occurrence of sea peaks in sea clutter is obviously improved, the sea clutter has the characteristic similar to target echo in a time domain, and has larger Doppler spectrum broadening in a frequency domain, thereby easily causing false alarm. The technical approaches for developing the sea clutter characteristic cognitive research mainly include two approaches, one is a research based on an electromagnetic scattering theory and a physical mechanism of a sea surface model development, and the other is a research based on a development test to obtain sea surface echo measurement data and utilize the actual measurement data to develop the research. The sea clutter suppression method is a research method which is close to practice and widely adopted, can verify the research result of the sea clutter scattering mechanism, makes up the deficiency of mechanism research, can truly reflect the sea clutter characteristic change rule under the influence of different factors and the complex coupling relation between the sea clutter and the target, further supports the research work in the aspects of multi-domain multi-dimensional feature extraction, difference feature space formation and the like, and directly serves as the sea clutter suppression and the target detection method of the feature domain. The information is recorded in a standardized way and is synchronously put in storage with the echo data, and if the auxiliary data record is incomplete and not standardized, the application value of measuring the echo data is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that sea clutter echo data are incomplete and irregular, and provides a radar which is used for measuring sea clutter, acquiring and recording the sea clutter echo data in real time and providing a basis for the characteristic analysis of the sea clutter. The radar has the measuring capability under the conditions of multiple directions, multiple frequency points and small ground-rubbing angles; the device may be remotely controlled by software. The radar aims to complete the measurement of sea clutter time and polarization characteristics and data storage by simulating the motion environment of the tail end of a high-precision guided weapon. And establishing a sea clutter database under various sea conditions, and using the sea clutter database to simulate various battlefield environments afterwards and evaluate the clutter interference resistance of the high-precision guided weapon seeker.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a Ku wave band sea clutter measuring radar, mainly comprises antenna feed system, transmitting system, receiving system, signal processing system, environmental monitoring system, photoelectric tracking system, servo, electrical power generating system and control system, antenna feed system links to each other with transmitting system and receiving system respectively, transmitting system and receiving system link to each other with signal processing system, signal processing system links to each other with control system, control system links to each other with servo system, environmental monitoring system and photoelectric tracking system respectively.
After adopting the structure, the invention has the following advantages: 1) the radar can be independently controlled and the data can be acquired and measured in a single time. Setting radar measurement parameters such as pulse width, polarization, incidence angle, azimuth angle and the like, and then starting data acquisition, measurement, display and the like; 2) the lightning rod is arranged to protect equipment from being damaged by lightning stroke, a spherical radar antenna protective cover is adopted to completely wrap a radar in the windproof design, the wind resistance coefficient of a spherical structure is 0.5, and is only half of that of a vertical plane body, so that the wind pressure can be effectively reduced, and the influence of the radar on the external environment is reduced; 3) the measuring radar belongs to a precise measuring instrument, has higher requirements on phase stability and amplitude stability, improves the precision of a power supply by using a differential circuit when the power supply is designed, and ensures the stability of the phase and the amplitude by adopting a constant temperature bath design for part of circuits; meanwhile, along with the extension of the working time of the radar, the power changes along with the rise of the temperature, the output power of the transmitter is corrected by adopting a mode of working and calibrating the power, and the stability of the power is ensured at all times.
As an improvement, the main components of the antenna feed system are a reflector and a feed source at a focus. The antenna can radiate radio frequency signals output by the power amplifier, and can receive reflected echo signals to send the received echo signals to the signal processing system.
As an improvement, the transmitting system adopts a solid power amplifier system.
As an improvement, the receiving system consists of a frequency combination unit and a receiving unit.
As an improvement, the frequency combination unit mainly comprises a frequency marking circuit, a fixed phase-locked source, a variable phase-locked source, a DDS and an up-conversion circuit, and the frequency combination unit mainly generates a transmitting excitation signal, a receiving frequency conversion local oscillator and a signal processing clock signal; the receiving unit completes low-noise amplification, frequency selection and frequency conversion of the echo signal and provides an intermediate frequency echo signal for the signal processing system.
As an improvement, the receiving unit comprises a receiver.
The receiver adopts a superheterodyne receiver and consists of a radio frequency front-end module and a frequency conversion/intermediate frequency receiving module, a received weak high-frequency echo signal is subjected to radio frequency attenuation and low noise amplification of the receiver, an intermediate frequency signal is obtained through frequency mixing, the radio frequency receiver is close to a radar antenna as much as possible, the insertion loss before low noise amplification is reduced, the receiving sensitivity of the system is improved, and the radio frequency front-end module and the frequency conversion/intermediate frequency receiving module are connected through a low-loss radio frequency cable.
The photoelectric tracking system is characterized by comprising a photoelectric tracking lens, a tracking module and an intelligent video processor, wherein the photoelectric tracking lens, the tracking module and the intelligent video processor are connected with each other, the photoelectric tracking system utilizes a scene visible light image shot by a photoelectric camera, adopts a camera as a camera used by a video monitoring unit, matches and positions a target in a certain area by combining a tracking algorithm, and transmits an error to a control system and a servo system to realize a real-time automatic aiming process.
As an improvement, the servo system adopts a two-dimensional variable-speed pan-tilt, the machine body adopts high-strength aluminum alloy materials, and a high-precision stepping motor and a precision worm and gear transmission mode are combined.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system of a Ku-band sea clutter measuring radar of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a working principle diagram of a Ku-band sea clutter measuring radar Ku-band sea clutter radar of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic system structure diagram of an outline of a Ku-band sea clutter measurement radar antenna according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a Ku-band sea clutter measurement radar frequency synthesis unit.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of an implementation of a Ku-band sea clutter measurement radar receiving unit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
With reference to the attached drawing 1, the Ku-band sea clutter measuring radar mainly comprises an antenna feeder system, a transmitting system, a receiving system, a signal processing system, an environment monitoring system, a photoelectric tracking system, a servo system, a power supply system and a control system, wherein the antenna feeder system is respectively connected with the transmitting system and the receiving system, the transmitting system and the receiving system are connected with the signal processing system, the signal processing system is connected with the control system, and the control system is respectively connected with the servo system, the environment monitoring system and the photoelectric tracking system.
The main components of the antenna feed system are a reflector and a feed source at a focus. By adopting the form of receiving and transmitting, the antenna can radiate radio frequency signals output by power amplification, and can receive reflected echo signals and send the received echo signals to the signal processing board.
Because the antenna works in a Ku frequency band, the diameter of the mouth surface of a paraboloid is 350mm, and the antenna is required to have a dual-polarization function by indexes, when the paraboloid antenna is designed, an orthogonal mode coupler is connected to the rear end of an antenna feed source to realize different polarization modes, and the external shape of the antenna is shown in the following figure 3.
The transmitting system adopts a solid-state power amplifier system, and the solid-state amplifier transmitting system is a mature technology and is used on a plurality of sets of military equipment at present.
In order to meet the index requirement of the radar range, the power of the transmitter should be greater than 40W to meet the index through calculation (see section 9.4). Considering that the signal power from the frequency synthesizer is small, the output power requirement reaches 40W, and the requirements on stray and harmonic waves of the output signal are high, a design method of graded amplification is adopted: the whole amplification chain is divided into preamplification, medium power excitation amplification and multistage high power amplification. Firstly, low-noise pre-amplification and a large dynamic medium power amplifier are adopted to form pre-amplification, so that the noise characteristic of the whole amplification link is ensured, and the output stray performance of the whole amplifier is improved; the medium power driver amplifier is realized by adopting a low-gain medium power module, and the stability of the system is ensured as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the driving power required by the non-stage; the non-stage power amplifier is realized by adopting a high-power amplification module, and a plurality of power modules are combined in parallel to ensure the required output power.
In order to ensure the amplitude-frequency characteristic and wide-temperature working performance of the transmitter, an input attenuator, a temperature compensation circuit and an equalizer are added in a preamplifier, so that the standing wave is improved, meanwhile, the temperature compensation and the small signal flatness adjustment can be realized, the power stability and the power flatness are ensured, and the output power reduction caused by gain reduction at high temperature and the over-excitation phenomenon of individual frequency bands at low temperature are avoided. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the whole system and stability, the preamplifier is separately placed in a shielding box so as to reduce the influence of signal crosstalk.
The working reliability and the circuit design are comprehensively considered, and a plurality of power chips are not adopted for power synthesis in a multistage manner, so that the output power of each power tube is reduced to a certain extent, the long-term reliability is further improved, and the output power requirement is met; the active device working voltage is provided by the power control unit, the power provided for the power device is filtered and controlled, and the monitoring part comprises: the circuit comprises a negative pressure protection circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit, an input, excitation, output and reflected power detection circuit, a pulse width protection circuit, an over-temperature and over-voltage protection circuit and the like.
The receiving system is composed of a frequency combination unit and a receiving unit. The frequency combination unit mainly generates a transmitting excitation signal, a receiving frequency conversion local oscillator and a signal processing clock signal; the receiving unit completes low-noise amplification, frequency selection and frequency conversion of the echo signal and provides an intermediate frequency echo signal for the signal processing system.
The frequency combination unit mainly comprises a frequency marking circuit, a fixed phase-locked source, a variable phase-locked source, a DDS and an up-conversion circuit. The principle composition block diagram is shown in fig. 4.
The receiving unit is used for amplifying and down-converting echo signals in a frequency range of 16-18 GHz, and the receiver adopts a superheterodyne receiver and consists of a radio frequency front-end module and a frequency conversion/intermediate frequency receiving module. The received weak high-frequency echo signal is firstly subjected to radio frequency attenuation and low-noise amplification by a radio frequency receiver, and then an intermediate-frequency signal is obtained through frequency mixing. The radio frequency receiving module is designed to be close to the radar antenna as much as possible, so that the insertion loss before low-noise amplification is reduced, and the receiving sensitivity of the system is improved; the radio frequency front end and the frequency conversion/intermediate frequency receiving module are connected by a low-loss radio frequency cable. The receiving unit implementation block diagram is shown in fig. 5.
The photoelectric tracking system mainly comprises a photoelectric tracking lens, a tracking module and an intelligent video processor, wherein the photoelectric tracking lens, the tracking module and the intelligent video processor are connected with each other, the photoelectric tracking system utilizes scene visible light images shot by a photoelectric camera, the adopted camera is a camera used by a video monitoring unit, a tracking algorithm is combined to match and position targets in a certain area, and errors are transmitted to a control system and a servo system to realize a real-time automatic aiming process.
The photoelectric tracking system has the characteristics of all weather, high speed, wide coverage, large visual range and stable and clear image, has a certain haze penetrating function, and is important equipment for searching and tracking low-altitude targets.
The servo system adopts a two-dimensional variable-speed cradle head, the machine body is made of high-strength aluminum alloy materials, the appearance design can resist strong wind, the operation is stable, and the precision is high. The servo system combines a high-precision stepping motor and a precise worm and gear transmission mode. The rotation precision of the servo system mainly depends on the precision of a preset position, the preset position is a preset position, and when the servo system needs to point to a certain position, the preset position can be directly called. The subsystem guarantees the precision of the preset positions by setting a plurality of preset positions, and meanwhile guarantees the rotation error of a servo system through a servo control algorithm and a high-precision stepping motor. So as to meet the requirement of the rotation precision index of the bearing less than or equal to 0.5 degrees and the pitching less than or equal to 0.1 degrees.
The subsystem can be self-locked when being powered off, and the reliability under severe marine conditions is ensured. The lens zooming automatic control system supports various lens presetting bit functions and zooming self-adaptive functions, and the rotating speed can be automatically adjusted according to the lens zooming times. The visual pitching angle range is large, the monitoring range is wide, and the highest horizontal rotating speed can reach 60 degrees/s. The equipment has an automatic heating system, and the heating function is automatically started at low temperature, so that the product is suitable for cold regions.
As shown in fig. 2, the control system is a schematic diagram of the operation of the ku-band sea clutter radar, and is configured to complete a human-computer interaction task and control parameter configuration and a use mode of the whole radar. The remote control computer controls the equipment on the meteorological tower through the wireless network bridge, the main control unit receives, analyzes and processes the remote control command, and configures the working parameters of each system, and the wireless network bridge realizes the reliable data transmission of high-speed long distance.
Under the control of the trigger pulse of the timer, the transmitter amplifies the exciting signal produced by the frequency synthesizer to output high-power microwave pulse signal, which is radiated to specific sea area through the microwave feeder line, the circulator and the antenna.
The sea clutter echo signal is received by the antenna, and passes through the feed source, the circulator and the front end of the microwave receiver. The front end of the microwave receiver amplifies the received signal by an amplitude limiter, a variable attenuator and a low noise amplifier. The output signal of the low noise amplifier is transmitted to a receiver frequency conversion and intermediate frequency circuit through a low-loss cable, and is mixed with a local oscillation signal to generate an intermediate frequency signal, the signal enters a linear intermediate frequency receiver through a low noise front center to be amplified, and then is stored in a computer hard disk after being acquired in real time through AD (analog-to-digital) and subjected to digital down-conversion, and is remotely transmitted to a remote control computer on the shore from a main control unit through a kilomega network port.
In order to improve the accuracy of the posterior analysis, the inclination angle posture of the meteorological tower is recorded according to the data rate of 100Hz during the test, and is packaged and stored together with the acquired data, the timestamp, the temperature and other sensor data.
Under the RCS calibration working mode, a standard RCS calibration ball is hung by the rotor unmanned aerial vehicle and fixed at a specified position, and the remote control computer sends a calibration instruction to the local control unit through the submarine optical cable link. The local control unit controls the photoelectric tracking system to lock and video track the suspended calibration ball, and the photoelectric tracking system simultaneously feeds back the pitching and azimuth indication of the calibration ball to the local control unit; the local control unit controls the servo turntable to rotate according to the target information of the photoelectric tracking system, and the antenna of the antenna feed system points to the calibration ball; the signal processing system generates a path of baseband pulse signal and sends the baseband pulse signal to the frequency synthesizer, the baseband pulse signal is amplified into a high-power radio-frequency signal by the solid-state transmitter after being subjected to up-conversion, filtering and the like, the radio-frequency signal is sent to the transmitting antenna through the circulator, and the radio-frequency signal is shaped and radiated by the antenna after the polarization mode is selected through the polarization switch; the high-power radio-frequency signal radiated is received by the antenna after being reflected by the calibration ball, is sent to the front end of a receiving system through the circulator, is sent to the signal processing unit after being amplified, down-converted, filtered and the like by the receiver, and the signal processing unit acquires the success rate through AD and then converts the success rate to form a standard power meter for the use of table lookup in normal work.
In the sea clutter collection working mode, the remote control computer sends a calibration instruction to the local control unit through the submarine optical cable link; the local control unit controls the servo turntable to rotate according to the pitching azimuth information sent by the upper computer, and the antenna of the antenna feed system points to the target sea area; the signal processing system generates a path of baseband pulse signal and sends the baseband pulse signal to the frequency synthesizer, meanwhile, the attenuation of the rear end is controlled according to a standard RCS power meter, the baseband pulse signal is amplified into a high-power radio frequency signal through a solid-state transmitter after the processing of up-conversion, filtering and the like, the radio frequency signal is sent to a transmitting antenna through a circulator, and the radio frequency signal is shaped and radiated by the antenna after a polarization mode is selected through a polarization switch; the high-power radio-frequency signal radiated is received by an antenna after being reflected by a calibration ball, is sent to the front end of a receiving system through a circulator, is sent to a signal processing unit after being amplified, down-converted, filtered and the like by a receiver, and the signal processing unit acquires the received signal through AD and sends the acquired IQ information to a local control unit through a high-speed gigabit network port; the local control unit stores the IQ data into the disk array according to a specified format, simultaneously transmits the data to a remote control system on the shore through an optical cable in real time, and the remote control system stores the IQ data into the remote control disk array for post analysis and inversion.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above, and the description is not intended to be limiting, and the drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a Ku wave band sea clutter measuring radar which characterized in that: the antenna feeder system is connected with the transmitting system and the receiving system respectively, the transmitting system and the receiving system are connected with the signal processing system, the signal processing system is connected with the control system, and the control system is connected with the servo system, the environment monitoring system and the photoelectric tracking system respectively.
2. The Ku-band sea clutter measurement radar according to claim 1, wherein: the main components of the antenna feed system are a reflector and a feed source at a focus. The antenna can radiate radio frequency signals output by the power amplifier, and can receive reflected echo signals and send the received echo signals to the signal processing system.
3. The Ku-band sea clutter measurement radar according to claim 1, wherein: the transmitting system adopts a solid power amplifier system.
4. The Ku-band sea clutter measurement radar according to claim 1, wherein: the receiving system is composed of a frequency combination unit and a receiving unit.
5. The Ku-band sea clutter measurement radar according to claim 4, wherein: the frequency combination unit mainly comprises a frequency marking circuit, a fixed phase-locked source, a variable phase-locked source, a DDS (direct digital synthesizer) and an up-conversion circuit, and mainly generates a transmitting excitation signal, a receiving frequency-conversion local oscillator and a signal processing clock signal; the receiving unit completes low-noise amplification, frequency selection and frequency conversion of the echo signal and provides an intermediate frequency echo signal for the signal processing system.
6. The Ku-band sea clutter measurement radar according to claim 4, wherein: the receiving unit comprises a receiver.
7. The Ku-band sea clutter measurement radar according to claim 6, wherein: the receiver adopts a superheterodyne receiver and consists of a radio frequency front-end module and a frequency conversion/intermediate frequency receiving module, a received weak high-frequency echo signal is subjected to radio frequency attenuation and low-noise amplification of the receiver, an intermediate frequency signal is obtained through frequency mixing, the radio frequency receiver is close to a radar antenna as much as possible, the insertion loss before low-noise amplification is reduced, the receiving sensitivity of the system is improved, and the radio frequency front-end module and the frequency conversion/intermediate frequency receiving module are connected through a low-loss radio frequency cable.
8. The Ku-band sea clutter measurement radar according to claim 1, wherein: the photoelectric tracking system mainly comprises a photoelectric tracking lens, a tracking module and an intelligent video processor, wherein the photoelectric tracking lens, the tracking module and the intelligent video processor are connected with each other, the photoelectric tracking system utilizes scene visible light images shot by a photoelectric camera, the adopted camera is a camera used by a video monitoring unit, a tracking algorithm is combined to match and position targets in a certain area, and errors are transmitted to a control system and a servo system to realize a real-time automatic aiming process.
9. The Ku-band sea clutter measurement radar according to claim 1, wherein: the servo system adopts a two-dimensional variable-speed cradle head, the machine body adopts high-strength aluminum alloy materials, and a high-precision stepping motor and a precise worm and gear transmission mode are combined.
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| CN113702938A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-26 | 扬州宇安电子科技有限公司 | High-precision large ground-wiping angle sea clutter acquisition and measurement equipment |
| CN113900071A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-01-07 | 湖南宜通华盛科技有限公司 | Output power detection circuit, adjustment method, detection method and phased array radar |
| CN113985373A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-01-28 | 南京长峰航天电子科技有限公司 | Multi-point model-based sea clutter feature broadening simulation method, system and medium |
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