CN113280645A - Air-cooling condenser and control method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an air-cooled condenser and a control method thereof. The air cooling condenser includes: the heat exchange device comprises an exhaust pipeline, a first finned tube bundle, a second finned tube bundle, a first condenser tank and a second condenser tank, wherein a heat exchange cavity with an opening is formed between the second finned tube bundle and the first finned tube bundle; the fan is arranged at the opening; the flow guide assembly is arranged in the heat exchange cavity and comprises at least one flow guide plate, a plurality of through holes are formed in the flow guide plate, the flow guide plate comprises a first flow guide part and a second flow guide part, an included angle theta is formed between the first flow guide part and the second flow guide part, and the included angle can be changed. The control method of the air-cooling condenser comprises the following steps: arranging the flow guide assembly in the heat exchange cavity; obtaining P1, P2, Tain, Taout and Ts; the controller adjusts the included angle theta according to at least part of the obtained parameters. The air cooling condenser can be suitable for different environment working conditions, can be flexibly adjusted according to real-time environment working conditions, and is wide in application range.

Description

Air-cooling condenser and control method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of air cooling of thermal power generating units, in particular to an air cooling condenser and a control method thereof.

Background

The condenser is a heat exchanger for condensing the exhaust steam of the steam turbine into water, and is also called a water re-condenser. The condenser is mainly used in a steam turbine power device and comprises a water-cooling condenser and an air-cooling condenser, wherein the water-cooling condenser and the air-cooling condenser respectively use water and air as cooling media, and the heat of exhaust steam of the steam turbine is absorbed in a tube bundle heat exchange mode. The water-cooled condenser consumes a large amount of water sources, is complex in structure, is limited in application in water resource-deficient areas, and is low in water source requirement and widely applied to inland pithead power plants because the air-cooled condenser completely utilizes air for heat exchange. However, since the air-cooled condenser uses air as a cooling medium, its operation effect is very susceptible to extreme environmental temperatures. In the related art, some designs that install guiding device additional at fan exit exist, however, the flexibility of this type of guiding device during operation is relatively poor, can't carry out the adaptability adjustment according to real-time environment operating mode.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the air cooling condenser, the air cooling condenser can be suitable for different environment working conditions, can be flexibly adjusted according to real-time environment working conditions, and is wide in application range.

An air-cooled condenser comprising:

an exhaust duct;

the finned tube bundle assembly comprises a first finned tube bundle and a second finned tube bundle, one end of the first finned tube bundle is communicated with the exhaust pipeline, and a first condenser tank communicated with the first finned tube bundle is arranged at the other end of the first finned tube bundle; one end of the second finned tube bundle is communicated with the exhaust pipeline, a second condensing box communicated with the second finned tube bundle is arranged at the other end of the second finned tube bundle, the second finned tube bundle and the first finned tube bundle form an included angle, and a heat exchange cavity with an opening is formed between the second finned tube bundle and the first finned tube bundle;

the fan is arranged at the opening and used for enabling airflow to flow into the heat exchange cavity;

the flow guide assembly is arranged in the heat exchange cavity and comprises at least one flow guide plate, a plurality of through holes are formed in the flow guide plate, the air flow passes through the through holes, the flow guide plate comprises a first flow guide part and a second flow guide part, an included angle theta is formed between the first flow guide part and the second flow guide part, and the included angle can be changed.

In one embodiment, the air conditioner further comprises a controller, wherein a first pressure sensor is arranged on the outlet side of the fan, and a second pressure sensor is arranged on the outlet side of the flow guide assembly; a first temperature sensor is arranged on the inlet side of the fan, and second temperature sensors are arranged on the outer side of the first finned tube bundle and close to the end area of the exhaust pipeline and on the outer side of the second finned tube bundle and close to the end area of the exhaust pipeline; the first finned tube bundle is close to the end part area of the first condenser box, the second finned tube bundle is close to the end part area of the second condenser box, and a third temperature sensor is arranged on the end part area of the second condenser box, and is connected with the controller.

In one embodiment, the flow guide assembly comprises only a first flow guide, the finned tube bundle assembly has a length L, the first flow guide has a length L1, and L1 ≦ L; the height difference between the bottom end of the first guide plate and the top end of the finned tube bundle assembly is H1, the height difference between the bottom end of the first guide plate and the bottom end of the finned tube bundle assembly is H2, and H2 is less than H1; the width between the bottom ends of the first finned tube bundle and the second finned tube bundle is W, the width of one side of the first guide plate is W1, W1 < min {0.5H1, H2 }.

In one embodiment, the device further comprises a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a sliding block and a driving part, wherein the first flow guiding part is rotatably connected with the second flow guiding part, the first flow guiding part and the sliding block are respectively rotatably connected with two ends of the first connecting rod, the second flow guiding part and the sliding block are respectively rotatably connected with two ends of the second connecting rod, and the driving part can drive the sliding block to move so as to drive the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod to rotate.

Above-mentioned air cooling condenser, be provided with the water conservancy diversion subassembly in the heat transfer cavity, be provided with a plurality of through-holes on the guide plate of water conservancy diversion subassembly, the air that gets into through the fan can pass the through-hole and flow towards the heat transfer cavity is inside, because the size of the contained angle theta between the two parts of guide plate can change, consequently can in time adjust contained angle theta according to the environmental condition of difference, change the air flow resistance in the heat transfer cavity, adjust the air flow direction in the heat transfer cavity, make the heat transfer volume between the steam of air and flow in the finned tube bundle subassembly change, with the heat transfer performance under the improvement current environmental condition. Therefore, the air-cooled condenser can be suitable for different environmental conditions, and is wide in application range.

The invention also provides a control method of the air-cooling condenser, which comprises the following steps:

s10, arranging the flow guide assembly with the through hole in the heat exchange cavity;

s20, acquiring pressure P1 on the outlet side of the fan, pressure P2 on the outlet side of the flow guide assembly, temperature Tain on the inlet side of the fan, air temperature Taout after heat exchange and water vapor temperature Ts;

and the S30 controller adjusts the included angle theta of the guide plate according to at least part of the parameters of P1, P2, Tain, Taout and Ts obtained in S20.

In one embodiment, if Tain is less than 0 ℃, the included angle is adjusted to be within the range of theta epsilon (180 degrees and 360 degrees);

if Tain is more than 20 ℃, adjusting the range of the included angle to be theta epsilon (60 degrees and 180 degrees);

if the temperature is higher than 0 ℃ and lower than Tain and lower than 20 ℃, the included angle theta is adjusted to be 0 degree.

In one embodiment, if Tain > 20 ℃, the angle is adjusted by:

s211, expanding the guide plate until the included angle theta is 180 degrees;

s212 collapsing the baffle toward the outlet side;

s213, if Taout is increased and the difference value P between P1 and P2 is reduced, continuing to furl the guide plate;

and S214, if the angle does not meet the S213, stopping adjusting and outputting the current included angle.

In one embodiment, if Tain < 0 ℃, the angle is adjusted by:

s221, expanding the guide plate until the included angle theta is 180 degrees;

s222 continuing to open the baffle toward the outlet side;

s223, when the difference value P between P1 and P2 reaches the maximum value, recording the current included angle as theta max;

s224, gathering the guide plate;

s225, if Ts is larger than 5 degrees and the included angle theta is larger than 180 degrees, continuously folding the guide plate;

and S226, if the angle does not meet the S225, stopping adjusting and outputting the current included angle.

In one embodiment, the method for obtaining the pressure P1 on the outlet side of the fan comprises the following steps: arranging a plurality of pressure sensors on the outlet side of the fan, and averaging the measured pressures;

the method for acquiring the pressure P2 at the outlet side of the flow guide assembly comprises the following steps: and arranging a plurality of pressure sensors on the outlet side of the flow guide assembly, and averaging the measured pressure.

In one embodiment, the method for acquiring the water vapor temperature Ts comprises the following steps: and arranging a plurality of temperature sensors along the length direction of the finned tube bundle assembly, and taking the minimum value of the measured temperature as the water vapor temperature Ts.

According to the control method of the air-cooling condenser, the flow guide assembly with the through hole is arranged in the heat exchange cavity, under different environmental working conditions, the pressure P1 on the outlet side of the fan, the pressure P2 on the outlet side of the flow guide assembly, the temperature Tain on the inlet side of the fan, the air temperature Taout after heat exchange and the water vapor temperature Ts under the current working condition environment can be obtained, the included angle theta of the flow guide plate is adjusted according to the obtained parameters, so that the air flow resistance in the heat exchange cavity is changed, the air flow direction in the heat exchange cavity is adjusted, the heat exchange quantity between air and steam is changed, and the heat exchange performance under the current environmental working condition is improved. Therefore, the air-cooled condenser can be suitable for different environmental conditions, and is wide in application range.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an air-cooled condenser according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a finned tube bundle unit in a first finned tube bundle of the air-cooled condenser of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a first flow guiding portion of a flow guiding plate of the air-cooled condenser in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an included angle between different plates of a deflector of the air-cooled condenser in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a baffle assembly of the air-cooled condenser of FIG. 1 including a baffle plate;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a flow directing assembly of the air-cooled condenser of FIG. 1 including two flow directing plates;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a flow directing assembly of the air-cooled condenser of FIG. 1 including three flow directing plates;

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a method for controlling an air condenser in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a method for adjusting an included angle between plates of a guide plate when the temperature of the inlet side of a fan is higher than 20 ℃;

FIG. 10 shows a steady-state flow field in the heat exchange cavity when the temperature at the inlet side of the fan is higher than 20 ℃ and the flow guide assembly is not arranged;

FIG. 11 shows a steady-state flow field in the heat exchange cavity when the temperature at the inlet side of the fan is higher than 20 ℃ and the included angle between the plates of the guide plate is 60 degrees;

FIG. 12 is a flow chart of a method for adjusting an included angle between plates of a guide plate when the temperature of the inlet side of a fan is less than 0 ℃;

fig. 13 is a temperature field in the heat exchange cavity when the temperature at the inlet side of the fan is less than 0 ℃ and the included angle between the plates of the guide plate is 0 ° and 300 °;

fig. 14 is a schematic view of an angle adjustment structure of a baffle plate of the air-cooled condenser in fig. 1.

Reference numerals:

an exhaust duct 100;

a first finned tube bundle 210, a connecting tube 211, fins 212, a second finned tube bundle 220;

a first condensation tank 310, a second condensation tank 320, a water pump 330;

heat exchange cavity 410, opening 420, fan 430;

the air guide assembly 500, the first air guide plate 510, the first air guide part 511, the through hole 5111, the second air guide part 512, the second air guide plate 520 and the third air guide plate 530;

a first pressure sensor 610, a second pressure sensor 620;

a first temperature sensor 710, a second temperature sensor 720, a third temperature sensor 730;

a first link 810, a second link 820, a guide 830, and a slider 840.

Detailed Description

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.

For convenience of description and understanding, reference will be made in the following description to the angles shown in the drawings, but such orientations are not absolute orientations and merely represent relative orientations. For convenience of description, a direction perpendicular to the paper surface in fig. 1 is defined as a length direction of the fin tube bundle assembly, a left-right direction on the paper surface in fig. 1 is defined as a width direction of the fin tube bundle assembly, and an up-down direction on the paper surface in fig. 1 is defined as a height direction of the fin tube bundle assembly.

Referring to fig. 1, an air-cooled condenser according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an exhaust duct 100, a fin tube bundle assembly, a fan 430, and a flow guide assembly 500. The finned tube bundle assembly comprises a first finned tube bundle 210 and a second finned tube bundle 220, wherein the top end of the first finned tube bundle 210 is communicated with the exhaust pipeline 100, and the bottom end of the first finned tube bundle 210 is communicated with the first condenser tank 310; the second finned tube bundle 220 is in communication with the exhaust duct 100 at the top end and in communication with the second condenser box 320 at the bottom end. The top end of the second finned tube bundle 220 and the top end of the first finned tube bundle 210 are arranged at an included angle, a heat exchange cavity 410 with an opening 420 is formed between the second finned tube bundle 220 and the first finned tube bundle 210, and the opening 420 is located between the first condensation tank 310 and the second condensation tank 320. The fan 430 is disposed at the opening 420, and the external air may flow into the heat exchange cavity 410 by the fan 430. A flow guide assembly 500 is arranged in the heat exchange cavity 410, and the flow guide assembly 500 comprises at least one flow guide plate. Be equipped with a plurality of through-holes that supply the air current to pass through on the guide plate, the guide plate is poroid promptly, and the guide plate includes first water conservancy diversion portion and second water conservancy diversion portion, has contained angle theta between first water conservancy diversion portion and the second water conservancy diversion portion, and the size of contained angle can change.

The high-temperature steam exhausted by the steam turbine flows into the exhaust duct 100, and is shunted into the first finned tube bundle 210 and the second finned tube bundle 220, and gradually flows towards the first finned tube bundle 210 and the second finned tube bundle 220 respectively. The external air flows into the heat exchange cavity 410 under the action of the fan 430, part of the external air flows upwards and towards both sides after passing through the through holes on the guide plate and gradually flows out of the heat exchange cavity 410, and when passing through the first finned tube bundle 210 and the second finned tube bundle 220, the external air exchanges heat with the high-temperature steam flowing in the first finned tube bundle 210 and the second finned tube bundle 220 to cool the high-temperature steam, so that the high-temperature steam is condensed into water and flows into the first condensation box 310 and the second condensation box 320, and the heat of the high-temperature steam is absorbed by the air flowing out of the heat exchange cavity 410 after heat exchange, so that the temperature of the air rises.

Because be the contained angle setting between the first water conservancy diversion portion of guide plate and the second water conservancy diversion portion, consequently, the through-hole on the guide plate also is the slope form (the axial of through-hole compares in the direction of height slope), through addding the guide plate in heat transfer cavity 410, makes partial air flow through the through-hole on the guide plate, and partial air flows from the below of guide plate towards both sides, can change the flow direction that the air was originally, and increase flow resistance changes the heat transfer volume. In this scheme, the size of the contained angle theta between the first water conservancy diversion portion of guide plate and the second water conservancy diversion portion can change, and after the contained angle changed, the inclination of the through-hole on the guide plate will also change, and the flow resistance and the flow direction of air in heat transfer cavity 410 will also change, and the heat transfer volume also changes consequently. Therefore, the included angle theta can be adjusted in time according to different environment working conditions, so that the heat exchange quantity is adaptive to the current environment working conditions. Therefore, the air cooling condenser in the scheme has the advantages of high flexibility and wide application range, and can be applied to various environmental working conditions.

In some embodiments, a water pump 330 is further provided, the first condensation tank 310 and the second condensation tank 320 are both communicated with the water pump 330, and after the condensed water enters the first condensation tank 310 and the second condensation tank 320, the condensed water can be pumped away by the water pump 330 in time.

Referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments, the first finned tube bundle 210 includes a plurality of finned tube bundle units arranged in a length direction, each of the finned tube bundle units including a connection tube 211, and fins 212 connected to both sides of the connection tube 211. That is, in each fin tube bundle unit, the fins 212, the connection tubes 211, and the fins 212 are arranged in this order in the longitudinal direction. The adjacent finned tube bundle units have gaps between them, and air can flow out from the gaps. Each of the connection pipes 211 has a top end communicating with the exhaust duct 100 and a bottom end communicating with the first condensation tank 310, and high temperature steam flows into the connection pipe 211 from the exhaust duct 100 and exchanges heat with air flowing therethrough in the connection pipe 211. The second finned tube bundle 220 and the first finned tube bundle 210 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the exhaust duct 100, and the shapes and structures of the two are the same, so the description is omitted.

In some embodiments, the deflector is made of galvanized plate, rigid plate, etc., and the thickness of the single-layer plate is about 5 mm. In the flow guiding assembly 500, one of the flow guiding plates is a first flow guiding plate 510, and the structure of the flow guiding plate is described by taking the first flow guiding plate 510 as an example. Referring to fig. 3, which shows the structure of the first flow guiding part 511 in the first flow guiding plate 510, the shape of the plurality of through holes 5111 on the first flow guiding part 511 may be circular, triangular, diamond, square, etc., the aperture is between 60mm and 170mm, and the porosity is between 10% and 60%. The second flow guide part is the same as the first flow guide part 511 in shape and size, and is symmetrically distributed to form a V shape as a whole.

Referring to fig. 4, an included angle θ between the first flow guiding portion and the second flow guiding portion in the air deflector is an angle toward the outlet side of the air, and a range of the included angle θ between the first flow guiding portion and the second flow guiding portion in each air deflector is θ e [ 0 °, 360 °.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in the air-cooled condenser, air flows into the heat exchange cavity 410 through the fan 430, and the pressure is gradually reduced during the air flow, that is, there is a pressure drop in the heat exchange cavity 410. After the guide plate is arranged in the heat exchange cavity 410, the flow resistance of air can be increased, the pressure of the air flowing through the guide plate is lower, and the pressure drop in the heat exchange cavity 410 is larger. Therefore, in some embodiments, a first pressure sensor 610 is disposed at the outlet side of the fan 430, a second pressure sensor 620 is disposed at the outlet side of the flow guide assembly 500, and a difference P between a pressure P1 measured by the first pressure sensor 610 and a pressure P2 measured by the second pressure sensor 620 is a pressure drop. In addition, after the air and the high-temperature steam exchange heat, the temperature of the air rises, and the steam condenses into water, so that a first temperature sensor 710 is provided at the inlet side of the fan 430 to monitor the temperature Tain of the air flowing into the fan 430, i.e., the external environment temperature. The end area of the outside of the first finned tube bundle 210 close to the exhaust duct 100 and the end area of the outside of the second finned tube bundle 220 close to the exhaust duct 100 are both provided with a second temperature sensor 720 for monitoring the temperature Taout of the air flowing out after heat exchange. The end region of the first finned tube bundle 210 close to the first condenser tank 310 and the end region of the second finned tube bundle 220 close to the second condenser tank 320 are both provided with a third temperature sensor 730 for monitoring the condensed water vapor temperature Ts at the bottom of the finned tube bundle assembly. The third temperature sensor 730 may be disposed at the connection pipe 211 of each fin-tube bundle unit, and a distance from the bottom end of the connection pipe 211 may be 1/10 of the length of the connection pipe 211. The first pressure sensor 610, the second pressure sensor 620, the first temperature sensor 710, the second temperature sensor 720, the third temperature sensor 730, and the flow guide assembly 500 are all connected to a PLC controller. Specifically, the electrical connection may be through a wire, or. Or bluetooth connection, etc. When the environmental condition changes, for example, the environmental temperature and the air pressure change, the parameters can be influenced, the parameters can be monitored in real time through the sensors and are transmitted back to the PLC, and the PLC adjusts the included angle theta between the plates of the guide plate according to part or all of the parameters so as to change the heat exchange quantity and adapt to the current environmental condition.

As previously described, the flow directing assembly 500 includes at least one flow directing plate. A plurality of guide plates set up along the direction of height interval, and the quantity of guide plate is relevant with air cooling condenser's size, and air cooling condenser's height is big more, and the number of piles of the guide plate that can lay is more. Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments, the flow guide assembly 500 includes only one layer of flow guide plates, i.e., the first flow guide plate 510. The finned tube bundle assembly has a length L, and the first baffle 510 has a length L1; the height difference between the bottom end of the first guide plate 510 and the top end of the finned tube bundle assembly is H1, and the height difference between the bottom end of the first guide plate 510 and the bottom end of the finned tube bundle assembly is H2; the width between the bottom ends of first finned tube bundle 210 and second finned tube bundle 220 is W, and the width of the single side of first baffle 510 is W1. When L1 is less than or equal to L; h2 < H1; w1 < min {0.5H1, H2}, heat exchange performance is better. The single-sided width herein refers to a width of the first flow guide part or the second flow guide part.

In this embodiment, after entering the heat exchange cavity 410 through the fan 430, the air flows partially upward and partially flows leftwards and rightwards to reach the finned tube bundle assembly for heat exchange. The air flowing upwards passes through the through holes 5111 of the first guide plate 510, part of the air continues to flow upwards, and part of the air flows towards the left side and the right side to reach the finned tube bundle assembly for heat exchange. Because the first guide plate 510 is arranged, although the uniformity of the flow field can be increased, the air flow resistance can be increased, and heat exchange is not facilitated, because the first guide plate 510 is of a porous structure, the overlarge flow resistance caused by the first guide plate 510 can be relieved, so that the heat exchange is ensured to be sufficient and the flow field is uniform as much as possible.

Referring to fig. 6, in other embodiments, the flow guiding assembly 500 includes two flow guiding plates, namely a first flow guiding plate 510 and a second flow guiding plate 520 spaced apart from each other in the height direction, and the first flow guiding plate 510 is located above the second flow guiding plate 520. The length of the finned tube bundle assembly is L, the length of the first guide plate 510 is L1, and the length of the second guide plate 520 is L2; the height difference between the top end of the finned tube bundle assembly and the bottom end of the finned tube bundle assembly is H, the height difference between the bottom end of the first guide plate 510 and the top end of the finned tube bundle assembly is H1, the height difference between the bottom end of the first guide plate 510 and the bottom end of the second guide plate 520 is H2, and the height difference between the bottom end of the second guide plate 520 and the bottom end of the finned tube bundle assembly is H3; the width between the bottom ends of the first finned tube bundle 210 and the second finned tube bundle 220 is W, the width of the single side of the first baffle 510 is W1, and the width of the single side of the second baffle 520 is W2. When L1 is more than or equal to L, L2 is more than or equal to L; h1 is more than H/3, H2 is H3 < H1; and when W1 is less than min {0.5H1, H2}, and W2 is less than H2 which is H3, the heat exchange performance is better.

In this embodiment, after entering the heat exchange cavity 410 through the fan 430, the air flows partially upward and partially flows leftwards and rightwards to reach the finned tube bundle assembly for heat exchange. After passing through the through holes of the second baffle 520, part of the air flowing upwards continuously flows upwards, and part of the air flows towards the left side and the right side and reaches the finned tube bundle assembly for heat exchange. The air continuously flowing upwards passes through the through holes in the first guide plate 510, part of the air continuously flows upwards, and part of the air flows towards the left side and the right side to reach the finned tube bundle assembly for heat exchange.

Referring to fig. 7, in other embodiments, the flow guiding assembly 500 includes three flow guiding plates, namely a first flow guiding plate 510, a second flow guiding plate 520 and a third flow guiding plate 530, which are arranged at intervals along the height direction, wherein the first flow guiding plate 510 is located above the second flow guiding plate 520, and the second flow guiding plate 520 is located above the third flow guiding plate 530. The length of the finned tube bundle assembly is L, the length of the first guide plate 510 is L1, the length of the second guide plate 520 is L2, and the length of the third guide plate 530 is L3; the height difference between the top end of the finned tube bundle assembly and the bottom end of the finned tube bundle assembly is H, the height difference between the bottom end of the first guide plate 510 and the top end of the finned tube bundle assembly is H1, the height difference between the bottom end of the second guide plate 520 and the bottom end of the first guide plate 510 is H2, the height difference between the bottom end of the third guide plate 530 and the bottom end of the second guide plate 520 is H3, and the height difference between the bottom end of the third guide plate 530 and the bottom end of the finned tube bundle assembly is H4; the width between the bottom ends of the first finned tube bundle 210 and the second finned tube bundle 220 is W, the width of the single side of the first baffle 510 is W1, the width of the single side of the second baffle 520 is W2, and the width of the single side of the third baffle 530 is W3. When L1 is more than or equal to L, L2 is more than or equal to L, and L3 is more than or equal to L; h1 is more than H/4, H2 is H3 is H4 < H1; and when W1 is less than min {0.5H1, H2}, W2 is less than or equal to W3 and less than or equal to H2, H3 is equal to H4, the heat exchange performance is better.

In this embodiment, after entering the heat exchange cavity 410 through the fan 430, the air flows partially upward and partially flows leftwards and rightwards to reach the finned tube bundle assembly for heat exchange. After passing through the through holes in the third baffle 530, part of the air flowing upwards continues to flow upwards, and part of the air flows towards the left side and the right side and reaches the finned tube bundle assembly for heat exchange. After passing through the through holes of the second baffle 520, part of the air continuously flows upwards, and part of the air flows towards the left side and the right side and reaches the finned tube bundle assembly for heat exchange. After passing through the through holes of the first guide plate 510, the air which still continues to flow upwards partially continues to flow upwards, and partially flows towards the left side and the right side to reach the finned tube bundle assembly for heat exchange.

Referring to fig. 14, in some embodiments, the air-cooled condenser further includes a first connecting rod 810, a second connecting rod 820, a sliding block 840 and a driving member, the first guiding portion 511 is rotatably connected to the second guiding portion 512, an upper end of the first connecting rod 810 is rotatably connected to an outer end of the first guiding portion 511, and a lower end of the first connecting rod 810 is rotatably connected to the sliding block 840. The upper end of the second link 820 is rotatably connected to the outer end of the second guide portion 512, and the lower end of the second link 820 is rotatably connected to the slider 840. The sliding block 840 is connected with the driving part, the driving part can drive the sliding block 840 to move in the height direction, when the sliding block 840 moves, the first connecting rod 810 and the second connecting rod 820 are driven to rotate, and then the first flow guiding part 511 and the second flow guiding part 512 are driven to rotate, so that the included angle can be adjusted. Specifically, the driving member may be a cylinder or a linear motor, or may also be a rotating motor and a screw rod assembly. Preferably, a guide bar 830 may be further provided to guide the movement of the slider 840, and the slider 840 is sleeved on the guide bar 830 and can slide along the guide bar 830. In addition, the top end of the guide bar 830 may support the first guiding portion 511 and the second guiding portion 512, but other supporting methods may be used. For example, in some embodiments, the flow directing assembly 500 is suspended from the exhaust conduit 100. Alternatively, in other embodiments, flow guide assembly 500 may be carried on a finned tube bundle assembly, for example, by connecting two portions of a flow guide plate to the same side of a finned tube bundle. Besides the angle adjusting structure, other methods in the prior art are also possible.

The following describes a method of controlling the air-cooling condenser. The control method of the air cooling condenser comprises the following steps:

s10, disposing the flow guiding assembly 500 having the through hole 5111 in the heat exchanging cavity 410;

s20, acquiring pressure P1 at the outlet side of the fan 430, pressure P2 at the outlet side of the flow guide assembly 500, temperature Tain at the inlet side of the fan 430, air temperature Taout after heat exchange and water vapor temperature Ts;

and the S30 controller adjusts the included angle theta of the guide plate according to at least part of the parameters of P1, P2, Tain, Taout and Ts obtained in S20.

As described above, when the environmental condition changes, for example, the environmental temperature and the air pressure change, the parameters obtained in S20 may be affected, and the parameters may be monitored in real time by the sensors and transmitted back to the PLC controller, and the PLC controller adjusts the included angle θ between the plates of the guide plate according to some or all of the parameters, so as to change the heat exchange amount and adapt to the current environmental condition.

Referring to fig. 8, in some embodiments, the included angle θ between the plates of the air deflectors is adjusted according to the difference of the ambient temperature (i.e., the temperature Tain at the inlet side of the fan).

Specifically, when the ambient temperature Tain is greater than 20 ℃, the high-temperature environment reduces the temperature difference between the cold and heat sources, the heat exchange capacity is reduced, and the heat exchange capacity of the air-cooling condenser is reduced, so that the range of the adjusting included angle is theta epsilon (60 degrees) and 180 degrees, the guide plate is in an opening shape facing the air outlet side to rectify the heat, and the vortex is prevented from occurring in the heat exchange cavity 410, so that the heat exchange capacity is increased. Specifically, when the ambient temperature is higher, adjust the guide plate towards the air outlet side open form, the guide plate forms a mediation air current passageway, and the air current is forced to flow through a great deal of through-hole on the board promptly, and the streamline is bunched together, plays the rectification effect, has obstructed the formation of the regional vortex of lower part in heat exchange cavity 410. Therefore, the baffle in this state inhibits the macroscopic flow vortex (inhibiting the vortex flow reduces the flow resistance and has a positive effect) by increasing the barrier (increasing the flow resistance and having a negative effect), and the combined effect of the two is that the air flow rate is kept basically constant while the rotation speed of the fan 430 is constant, but the heat exchange coefficient is increased and the heat exchange amount is increased, namely, the positive effect is dominant. The more the number of the guide plates, the better the rectification effect and the more uniform the flow field. And one part of the air passing through the lower layer of guide plates and the finned tube bundle assembly flows out of the condenser after convective heat exchange, and the other part of the air continues to flow upwards and flows through the upper layer of guide plates. But the multilayer guide plate brings larger flow resistance, and the comprehensive influence on the heat exchange performance needs to be combined with practical analysis. Generally speaking, the positive benefits can only be dominant when the condenser size is large, or the ambient wind speed is high throughout the year (ambient wind speed is greater than 6 m/s).

Referring to fig. 10 and 11, in the steady-state flow field when the included angle θ between the plates of the baffle in fig. 10 is 0 ° (equivalent to the baffle not installed), the air flow lines are blocked by the external enclosure structure, and both enter the heat exchange cavity 410 through the bottom fan 430 and flow out through the finned tube bundle assembly. It can be seen that the lower region of the heat exchange cavity 410 has an obvious vortex structure, which increases the flow resistance and is not beneficial to the heat exchange in the air-cooled condenser. In fig. 11, when the included angle θ between the plates of the guide plate is 60 °, compared with the included angle θ of 0 ° (equivalent to the case where no guide plate is installed), the flow field in the heat exchange cavity 410 is reconstructed to a large extent, the uniformity of the flow field is significantly improved, and the macroscopic vortex structure and the negative pressure region are substantially eliminated, which shows that the heat exchange performance of the air-cooled condenser at the current ambient temperature can be effectively improved, and the air-cooled condenser has a positive effect on ensuring the stable operation of the unit.

When the ambient temperature Tain is less than 0 ℃, the temperature difference of cold and heat sources is increased by a high-temperature environment, the heat exchange quantity is increased, the heat exchange of the air-cooled condenser is too strong, the exhaust steam of the steam turbine is quickly condensed after entering the finned tube bundle assembly, and the condensed water is cooled too fast in the tube bundle, so that the freezing and the blocking in the tube are easily caused, and the normal operation of a unit is damaged. Therefore, the range of the adjusting included angle is theta epsilon (180 degrees) and 360 degrees, the guide plate is in an opening shape facing the air inlet side, the flow resistance in the heat exchange cavity 410 is increased, the lower part of the guide plate is covered at the moment, and the influence of boundary conditions can cause a vortex structure to appear, so that the heat exchange is weakened, and the freezing in the pipe is prevented. Referring to fig. 13, when θ is 300 °, the air temperature after heat exchange is significantly lower than θ is 0 ° (equivalent to no guide plate installed), that is, the air temperature after heat exchange is less increased, indicating that the heat exchange amount in the air-cooled condenser is reduced, so that the local temperature at the bottom end of the finned tube bundle assembly is higher, and the phenomenon of freezing at the bottom of the finned tube bundle assembly can be improved.

When the ambient temperature Tain is more than 0 degrees and less than 20 degrees, the heat exchange performance of air and water vapor in the air-cooled condenser is good, if the guide plate is unfolded, the air flow resistance in the heat exchange cavity 410 is increased, when the rotating speed of the fan 430 is unchanged, the air flow rate is reduced, the heat exchange capacity of the condenser is reduced, and the negative effect exceeds the positive benefit brought by the homogenization of the flow field. Therefore, the baffle should be kept closed at this ambient temperature, i.e. the angle θ is 0 °.

Referring to fig. 9 and 11, further, in some embodiments, if Tain > 20 ℃, the method for adjusting the included angle θ is:

s211 opens the guide plate to an included angle theta of 180 degrees.

S212 converges the baffle toward the air outlet side, i.e., the included angle θ decreases.

If the temperature Taout of the air subjected to heat exchange increases and the difference between P1 and P2, i.e., the pressure drop P in the heat exchange cavity 410, decreases in S213, the baffle continues to be folded. In the adjustment, the pressure drop P is required to be extremely small because the pressure drop P is required to be small and the flow resistance can be reduced to facilitate heat exchange. The temperature Taout of the air subjected to heat exchange increases, which means that the amount of heat exchange increases, and therefore Taout is sought to be extremely large at a constant ambient temperature. Δ θ may be decreased each time, and if after decreasing, Taout is still increased and P is decreased, Δ θ continues to decrease.

And S214, if the angle does not meet the S213, stopping adjusting and outputting the current included angle. And if Taout starts to be reduced or unchanged after the delta theta is reduced for a certain time, or P starts to be increased or unchanged, stopping continuously folding, and taking the current included angle theta as the optimal included angle theta opt at the ambient temperature.

Referring to FIG. 12, in some embodiments, if Tain < 0 ℃, the method for adjusting the included angle θ is:

s221, opening the guide plate until the included angle theta is 180 degrees;

s222, opening the guide plate towards the air outlet side, namely increasing the included angle theta;

s223, along with the gradual opening of the guide plate, the flow resistance is increased and then decreased, the pressure drop in the heat exchange cavity 410 is increased and then decreased, and when the difference value between P1 and P2, namely the pressure drop P in the heat exchange cavity 410, reaches the maximum, the current included angle is recorded as theta max;

s224, collecting the guide plate to reduce the included angle theta;

s225, if the water vapor temperature Ts is more than 5 degrees and the included angle theta is more than 180 degrees, continuing to fold the guide plate; as long as the temperature of the water vapor is more than 5 degrees, the probability of freezing and blocking in the tube is low, and the included angle theta can be continuously reduced in order to ensure strong heat exchange as far as possible. Delta theta can be reduced every time, and if the angle theta is larger than 180 degrees and Ts is still larger than 5 degrees after the angle theta is reduced, delta theta is continuously reduced.

And S226, if the angle does not meet the S225, stopping adjusting and outputting the current included angle. And if the water vapor temperature Ts is less than or equal to 5 degrees or the included angle theta is less than or equal to 180 degrees after the delta theta is reduced for a certain time, stopping continuously folding, and taking the current included angle theta as the optimal included angle theta opt at the environmental temperature.

Referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, the method of obtaining the pressure P1 on the outlet side of the fan 430 is: a plurality of first pressure sensors 610 are provided at the outlet side of the blower 430 and the measured pressures are averaged to make the temperature more accurate.

Similarly, in some embodiments, the method of obtaining the pressure P2 on the outlet side of the flow guide assembly 500 is: a plurality of second pressure sensors 620 are provided at the outlet side of the flow guide assembly 500 and the measured pressures are averaged to make the temperature more accurate.

In some embodiments, the method for obtaining the water vapor temperature Ts is as follows: a plurality of third temperature sensors 730 are provided along the length of the finned tube bundle assembly and the minimum value of the measured temperature is taken as the water vapor temperature Ts. Therefore, the device can act when the lowest temperature reaches a certain time limit during adjustment, and can ensure that the lowest temperature in the tube bundle cannot be frozen and blocked due to too low temperature.

In one embodiment, the optimal adjustment process of the included angle θ can be performed for multiple times when the ambient temperature changes or fluctuates greatly, and the optimal included angle databases at different ambient temperatures are accumulated during operation, so that the adjustment capability of the air cooling condenser during continuous operation of the unit is improved.

In one embodiment, the optimized adjustment process of the included angle theta is suitable for the condition that the load of the unit, the main steam parameter of the steam exhaust pipeline, the rotating speed of the fan and the like are constant. The optimal included angle databases under different working conditions can be obtained and accumulated through the unit debugging or the single parameter adjustment test at the actual operation stage, and the adjusting capacity of the air cooling condenser in the complex working condition operation of the unit is improved.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. An air-cooled condenser, comprising:

an exhaust duct;

the finned tube bundle assembly comprises a first finned tube bundle and a second finned tube bundle, one end of the first finned tube bundle is communicated with the exhaust pipeline, and a first condenser tank communicated with the first finned tube bundle is arranged at the other end of the first finned tube bundle; one end of the second finned tube bundle is communicated with the exhaust pipeline, a second condensing box communicated with the second finned tube bundle is arranged at the other end of the second finned tube bundle, the second finned tube bundle and the first finned tube bundle form an included angle, and a heat exchange cavity with an opening is formed between the second finned tube bundle and the first finned tube bundle;

the fan is arranged at the opening and used for enabling airflow to flow into the heat exchange cavity;

the flow guide assembly is arranged in the heat exchange cavity and comprises at least one flow guide plate, a plurality of through holes are formed in the flow guide plate, the air flow passes through the through holes, the flow guide plate comprises a first flow guide part and a second flow guide part, an included angle theta is formed between the first flow guide part and the second flow guide part, and the included angle can be changed.

2. The air-cooling condenser of claim 1, further comprising a controller, wherein a first pressure sensor is disposed on an outlet side of the fan, and a second pressure sensor is disposed on an outlet side of the flow guide assembly; a first temperature sensor is arranged on the inlet side of the fan, and second temperature sensors are arranged on the outer side of the first finned tube bundle and close to the end area of the exhaust pipeline and on the outer side of the second finned tube bundle and close to the end area of the exhaust pipeline; the first finned tube bundle is close to the end part area of the first condenser box, the second finned tube bundle is close to the end part area of the second condenser box, and a third temperature sensor is arranged on the end part area of the second condenser box, and is connected with the controller.

3. The air-cooling condenser of claim 1, wherein the flow guide assembly comprises only a first flow guide plate, the finned tube bundle assembly has a length L, the first flow guide plate has a length L1, L1 ≤ L; the height difference between the bottom end of the first guide plate and the top end of the finned tube bundle assembly is H1, the height difference between the bottom end of the first guide plate and the bottom end of the finned tube bundle assembly is H2, and H2 is less than H1; the width between the bottom ends of the first finned tube bundle and the second finned tube bundle is W, the width of one side of the first guide plate is W1, W1 < min {0.5H1, H2 }.

4. The air-cooling condenser of claim 1, further comprising a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a sliding block and a driving member, wherein the first guiding portion is rotatably connected with the second guiding portion, the first guiding portion and the sliding block are respectively rotatably connected with two ends of the first connecting rod, the second guiding portion and the sliding block are respectively rotatably connected with two ends of the second connecting rod, and the driving member can drive the sliding block to move so as to drive the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod to rotate.

5. The control method of the air-cooling condenser is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s10, arranging the flow guide assembly with the through hole in the heat exchange cavity;

s20, acquiring pressure P1 on the outlet side of the fan, pressure P2 on the outlet side of the flow guide assembly, temperature Tain on the inlet side of the fan, air temperature Taout after heat exchange and water vapor temperature Ts;

and the S30 controller adjusts the included angle theta of the guide plate according to at least part of the parameters of P1, P2, Tain, Taout and Ts obtained in S20.

6. The method of controlling an air-cooling condenser according to claim 5,

if Tain is less than 0 ℃, adjusting the range of the included angle to be theta epsilon (180 degrees and 360 degrees);

if Tain is more than 20 ℃, adjusting the range of the included angle to be theta epsilon (60 degrees and 180 degrees);

if the temperature is higher than 0 ℃ and lower than Tain and lower than 20 ℃, the included angle theta is adjusted to be 0 degree.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein if Tain > 20 ℃, the angle is adjusted by:

s211, expanding the guide plate until the included angle theta is 180 degrees;

s212 collapsing the baffle toward the outlet side;

s213, if Taout is increased and the difference value P between P1 and P2 is reduced, continuing to furl the guide plate;

and S214, if the angle does not meet the S213, stopping adjusting and outputting the current included angle.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein if Tain < 0 ℃, the included angle is adjusted by:

s221, expanding the guide plate until the included angle theta is 180 degrees;

s222 continuing to open the baffle toward the outlet side;

s223, when the difference value P between P1 and P2 reaches the maximum value, recording the current included angle as theta max;

s224, gathering the guide plate;

s225, if Ts is larger than 5 degrees and the included angle theta is larger than 180 degrees, continuously folding the guide plate;

and S226, if the angle does not meet the S225, stopping adjusting and outputting the current included angle.

9. The method for controlling an air-cooling condenser according to claim 5, wherein the method for obtaining the pressure P1 on the outlet side of the fan comprises: arranging a plurality of pressure sensors on the outlet side of the fan, and averaging the measured pressures;

the method for acquiring the pressure P2 at the outlet side of the flow guide assembly comprises the following steps: and arranging a plurality of pressure sensors on the outlet side of the flow guide assembly, and averaging the measured pressure.

10. The method for controlling the air-cooling condenser according to claim 5, wherein the method for obtaining the steam temperature Ts comprises: and arranging a plurality of temperature sensors along the length direction of the finned tube bundle assembly, and taking the minimum value of the measured temperature as the water vapor temperature Ts.

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