CN113280253B - 高压罐的制造方法 - Google Patents
高压罐的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113280253B CN113280253B CN202110096925.0A CN202110096925A CN113280253B CN 113280253 B CN113280253 B CN 113280253B CN 202110096925 A CN202110096925 A CN 202110096925A CN 113280253 B CN113280253 B CN 113280253B
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- liner
- cylindrical
- barrel
- dome
- resin
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/16—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
- B29C63/38—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses
- B29C63/46—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses of internal surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P11/00—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for
- B23P11/02—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits
- B23P11/025—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits by using heat or cold
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/32—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core on a rotating mould, former or core
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
高压罐的制造方法至少包括:通过冷却衬里使衬里收缩;以利用筒构件覆盖收缩的状态的衬里的筒体部的方式将衬里插入筒构件;通过使插入至筒构件的衬里升温而使收缩的状态的衬里膨胀来使筒构件嵌合于筒体部;以及以利用圆顶构件覆盖侧端部的方式在嵌合于筒体部的筒构件的各周端部接合圆顶构件的周端部而形成第1加强层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高压罐的制造方法。
背景技术
例如,天然气汽车或者燃料电池汽车等利用储藏燃料气体的高压罐。这种高压罐在用于对燃料气体进行气密保持的衬里包覆有由纤维强化树脂构成的加强层。
例如,日本特开2017-141947提出有这样的高压罐的制造方法。在该制造方法中,首先,通过利用片缠绕法在衬里的筒体部多次缠绕纤维强化树脂片,从而在衬里的筒体部形成筒状部。接下来,通过利用纤维缠绕法,将浸渍有树脂的纤维束缠绕在筒状部和衬里的圆顶状的侧端部,从而在衬里的外表面形成与筒状部成为一体的加强部。
在日本特开2017-141947记载的制造方法中,在衬里的筒体部多次缠绕一个纤维强化树脂片而形成筒状部,但在将纤维强化树脂片直接缠绕于衬里时,有时产生纤维强化树脂片的缠紧。有时由于该缠紧而使衬里产生预想之外的变形。
发明内容
本发明提供一种高压罐的制造方法,其在衬里的外表面形成加强层时,能够不进行在衬里的筒体部缠绕纤维强化树脂片等而避免因缠绕时的缠紧引起的预想之外的衬里的变形。
本发明的一方式所涉及的制造方法是高压罐的制造方法,上述高压罐在具有筒状的筒体部和在上述筒体部的两侧形成的圆顶状的侧端部的衬里的外表面形成有由纤维强化树脂构成的加强层,制造方法至少包括:准备上述衬里、成为上述加强层的筒构件以及两个圆顶构件;通过冷却上述衬里使上述衬里收缩;以利用上述筒构件覆盖收缩的状态的上述衬里的上述筒体部的方式将上述衬里插入上述筒构件;通过使插入至上述筒构件的上述衬里升温至冷却前的温度为止,从而使收缩的状态的上述衬里膨胀而使上述筒构件嵌合于上述筒体部;以及以利用上述圆顶构件覆盖上述衬里的上述侧端部的方式在嵌合于上述筒体部的上述筒构件的各周端部接合上述圆顶构件的周端部,从而形成上述加强层。
根据本发明,预先准备覆盖衬里的筒体部的筒构件和覆盖上述衬里的侧端部的两个圆顶构件,由筒构件和两个圆顶构件形成加强层。在形成加强层时,通过冷却衬里而使其收缩。衬里的收缩也在筒体部的径向上产生,因此,能够简单地将衬里插入筒构件。
其后,通过使衬里升温至冷却前的温度而使衬里膨胀。衬里的膨胀也在衬里的径向上产生,因此,能够使筒构件嵌合于衬里的筒体部。由此,能够使筒构件与衬里的筒体部成为一体。
由于像这样筒构件与衬里的筒体部一体化,所以能够简单地在筒构件的各周端部接合圆顶构件的周端部,简单地在衬里的外表面形成由筒构件和两个圆顶构件构成的加强层。
这样,在本发明中,没有在衬里的筒体部缠绕纤维强化树脂片等,而在衬里的外表面形成加强层。因此,衬里仅产生由于使上述筒构件嵌合于上述筒体部而考虑到衬里的筒体部和筒构件的过盈量(起初假定)的变形,因此,能够避免因缠紧力等引起的预想外的衬里的变形。此外,在使上述筒构件嵌合于上述筒体部时,使衬里升温至衬里的冷却前的温度为止,但该升温也可以通过加热进行,但优选以成为衬里的环境温度的方式使衬里升温。
在上述的方式中,也可以是,上述筒构件为圆筒状,在准备上述衬里与上述筒构件和上述两个圆顶构件时,准备满足上述衬里的上述筒体部的外径大于上述筒构件的内径的尺寸关系的上述衬里和上述筒构件,在使上述衬里收缩时,使上述衬里冷却直至上述衬里的上述筒体部的外径小于上述筒构件的内径的温度为止,在使上述筒构件嵌合于上述筒体部时,使上述衬里升温至满足上述尺寸关系的上述冷却前的温度为止。此外,该方式的“满足尺寸关系的温度”是准备上述衬里与上述筒构件和上述两个圆顶构件时的温度,即,冷却衬里的紧前的衬里的温度,是衬里以及筒构件的环境中的温度。
根据该方式,衬里的筒体部以及筒构件为圆筒状,因此,在使上述筒构件嵌合于上述筒体部时,若使衬里升温直至满足尺寸关系的冷却前的温度为止,则能够使衬里的外周面均匀地仿形于筒构件的内周面。由此,不易在衬里的筒体部与筒构件之间形成缝隙。
在上述方式中,也可以是,在准备上述衬里、上述筒构件以及上述两个圆顶构件时,以使在上述衬里的升温结束后从上述筒构件向上述衬里的上述筒体部按压的压力小于上述衬里的材料的屈服应力的方式设定上述筒体部的外径和上述筒构件的内径。
根据该方式,在使上述筒构件嵌合于上述筒体部时升温结束后,从筒构件向衬里的筒体部按压的压力小于衬里的材料的屈服应力,因此,能够在衬里弹性变形的状态下使衬里嵌合于筒构件。由此,在使上述筒构件嵌合于上述筒体部时,衬里不会因塑性变形而破损。
在上述方式中,也可以是,上述衬里由热塑性树脂构成。根据该方式,衬里的材料是比金属具有延展性的热塑性树脂,因此,在使上述筒构件嵌合于上述筒体部时,即便衬里塑性变形,也不易在衬里产生龟裂等。由于由热塑性树脂构成,所以当在衬里内填充有高压气体后,衬里容易仿形于加强层。并且,即便产生了塑性变形,也由于衬里容易蠕变变形,所以能够防止衬里的破损。
根据本发明所涉及的高压罐的制造方法,当在衬里的外表面形成加强层时,不在衬里的筒体部缠绕纤维强化树脂片等,能够避免因缠绕时的缠紧引起的预想之外的衬里的变形。
附图说明
以下参考附图,对本发明的示例性实施例的特征、优点、以及技术和工业意义进行描述,在附图中,相同的附图标记表示相同的元件,其中:
图1是表示通过本发明的一实施方式所涉及的制造方法制造的高压罐的构造的剖视图。
图2是表示图1所示的高压罐的构造的局部剖视图。
图3是对本发明的一实施方式所涉及的高压罐的制造方法的工序进行说明的流程图。
图4是用于对在图3所示的准备工序中准备的圆顶构件的形成方法进行说明的局部剖视图。
图5是在图3所示的准备工序中准备的圆顶构件的剖视图。
图6是用于对在图3所示的准备工序中准备的筒构件的形成方法进行说明的剖视图。
图7是在图3所示的准备工序中准备的衬里的剖视图。
图8是用于对图3所示的制造方法的收缩工序以及插入工序进行说明的示意性的立体图。
图9是用于对图3所示的制造方法的嵌合工序进行说明的示意性的立体图。
图10是图9所示的嵌合工序后的衬里以及筒构件的示意性的剖视图。
图11是用于对图3所示的接合工序进行说明的示意性的立体图。
图12是图11所示的接合工序后的衬里以及加强层的示意性的剖视图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图,对本发明的一实施方式所涉及的高压罐1的制造方法进行说明,但在此之前对高压罐1的结构简单地进行说明。以下,使高压罐1为搭载于燃料电池车辆的填充有高压的氢气的罐进行说明,针对其他用途也能够应用。另外,作为能够填充于高压罐1的气体,不限定于高压的氢气,也可以填充有CNG(压缩天然气)等各压缩气体、LNG(液化天然气)、LPG(液化石油气体)等各种液化气体、其他气体。
1.高压罐1
如图1以及图2所示,高压罐1是两端以圆顶状带有圆度的大致圆筒形状的高压气体储藏容器。高压罐1具备:具有阻气性的衬里2;和覆盖衬里2的外表面并由纤维强化树脂构成的加强部3。加强部3具有:覆盖衬里2的外表面的第1加强层30;和覆盖第1加强层30的外表面的第2加强层34。在高压罐1的一端形成有开口部,在开口部周边安装有接头4。此外,第1加强层30相当于本发明所说的“加强层”。
衬里2是形成填充有高压的氢气的收容空间5的树脂制的构件。衬里2具备:筒状的筒体部21;和在筒体部21的两侧形成的圆顶状的侧端部22、23。在本实施方式中,筒体部21沿着高压罐1的轴向X以规定长度延伸,并具有圆筒状的形状。各侧端部22、23在筒体部21的两侧连续地形成,并具有圆顶状的形状。侧端部22、23随着远离筒体部21而缩径,在一方的侧端部22中,在最缩径的部分的中心形成有开口部22a,在该开口部22a形成有管状部22b。
作为衬里2的材料,优选为将填充的高压气体保持于收容空间5内的性能即阻气性良好的树脂或者金属。作为树脂,例如可举出,聚丙烯系树脂,尼龙系树脂(例如6-尼龙树脂或者6,6-尼龙树脂),聚碳酸酯系树脂,丙烯酸系树脂,ABS系树脂,聚酰胺系树脂,聚乙烯系树脂,以及乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂(EVOH)、聚酯系树脂等热塑性树脂。作为金属,例如可举出,铝合金、不锈钢等。
接头4由铝或者铝合金等金属材料加工为规定形状而成。在接头4,安装有用于对收容空间5填充以及排出氢气的阀6。在阀6设置有密封构件6a,上述密封构件6a在后述的圆顶构件32的突出部32b与衬里2的管状部22b接触而对高压罐1的收容空间5进行密封。
加强部3具有对衬里2进行加强而使高压罐1的刚性、耐压性等机械强度提高的功能,并由在强化纤维(连续纤维)浸渍有树脂的纤维强化树脂构成。在本实施方式中,如上述那样,加强部3具有:覆盖衬里2的外表面的第1加强层30;和覆盖第1加强层30的外表面的第2加强层34。第1加强层30通过后述的筒构件31和接合于其两侧的圆顶构件32、33而一体地形成。
筒构件31以及圆顶构件32、33是将在强化纤维浸渍有树脂的纤维强化树脂层多层层叠而成的构件。筒构件31的强化纤维以与筒构件31的轴向X大致正交的角度沿周状取向,换言之,筒构件31的强化纤维在筒构件31的周向上取向。圆顶构件32、33的强化纤维没有在筒构件31的周向上取向,而从顶部附近朝向其周端部32a、33a朝与周向交叉的各个方向延伸。
在本实施方式中,筒构件31的强化纤维和圆顶构件32、33的强化纤维不连续(不相连)。这是由于如后述那样,在分别形成了筒构件31、两个圆顶构件32、33后,在筒构件31的两端安装两个圆顶构件32、33。
第2加强层34是层叠有在强化纤维浸渍有树脂的纤维强化树脂层的层。第2加强层34形成为覆盖第1加强层30的外表面。即,第2加强层34是对筒构件31的外表面和圆顶构件32、33进行覆盖的层。具体而言,第2加强层34是由纤维从两个圆顶构件32、33的一方朝向另一方取向的纤维强化树脂构成的层。第2加强层34的强化纤维通过浸渍了树脂的纤维束的螺旋缠绕,以相对于筒构件31的轴向X倾斜的方式取向。通过该强化纤维,能够在筒构件31约束圆顶构件32、33。
2.高压罐1的制造方法
接下来,对本发明的一实施方式所涉及的高压罐1的制造方法进行说明。图3是对高压罐1的制造方法的工序进行说明的流程图。如图3所示,高压罐1的制造方法包括准备工序S1、收缩工序S2、插入工序S3、嵌合工序S4、接合工序S5、第2加强层形成工序S6。
2-1.准备工序S1
准备工序S1准备衬里2、成为第1加强层30的筒构件31以及两个圆顶构件32、33。此外,在该准备工序S1中,准备如后述那样满足衬里2的筒体部21的外径D1大于筒构件31的内径D2的尺寸关系的衬里2以及筒构件31。首先,以下对准备的两个圆顶构件32、33的形成方法进行说明。
(圆顶构件32、33的形成方法)
在图5所示的圆顶构件32、33的形成方法中,如图4所示,例如通过纤维缠绕法(FW法),将浸渍有树脂的纤维束F1缠绕于芯轴100的外表面。具体而言,芯轴100具有:主体部101和从主体部101的一端向外侧延伸的轴部102。
从轴部102的轴向观察时,主体部101以圆形状形成。在主体部101的轴向中央的外周面形成有在周向上环绕1周延伸的槽部101a。芯轴100的外表面是除去准备工序S1中准备的衬里2的筒体部21而将圆顶状的侧端部22、23接合起来的形状,在相当于其接缝的位置形成有槽部101a。轴部102被旋转机构(未图示)支承为能够旋转。
在形成圆顶构件32、33时,首先,通过使芯轴100旋转,从而以包覆芯轴100的外表面的方式缠绕纤维束F1。此时,通过也在轴部102的外表面缠绕纤维束F1,从而如图5所示,形成有具有贯通孔32c的圆筒状的突出部32b。另外,此时,以相对于轴部102的轴向例如以30~50度交叉的角度缠绕纤维束F1。此外,芯轴100的材质没有特别限定,但为了确保在缠绕纤维束F1时不变形的强度,优选为金属。
作为浸渍纤维束F1的树脂,没有特别限定,但例如能够使用热固化性树脂。作为热固化性树脂,优选使用酚醛树脂、密胺树脂、尿素树脂以及环氧树脂等热固化性树脂。此时,在热固化性树脂未固化的状态下,在芯轴100缠绕纤维束F1,其后,使其热固化。特别是,从机械强度等观点出发,优选使用环氧树脂。环氧树脂在未固化状态下具有流动性,在热固化后形成强韧的交联构造。
此外,作为浸渍纤维束F1的树脂,也可以使用热塑性树脂。作为热塑性树脂,能够使用聚醚醚酮、聚苯硫醚、聚丙烯酸酯、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺等。此时,在使热塑性树脂加热并软化的状态下,在芯轴100缠绕纤维束F1,其后,冷却热塑性树脂的热,并使其固化。此外,在本说明书中,将热固化性树脂的热固化以及软化后的热塑性树脂的冷却后的固化双方通称而称为树脂的固化。
作为构成纤维束F1的纤维,能够使用玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维、硼纤维以及碳纤维等,特别是从轻型性、机械强度等观点出发优选使用碳纤维。
接下来,使用切割器110(参照图4)将缠绕于芯轴100的外表面的缠绕体(纤维束F1)分割为2个。其后,如图5所示,通过使分割后的缠绕体从芯轴100分离而形成两个圆顶构件32、33。
具体而言,从图4所示的状态,在突出部32b的外表面安装接头4。在浸渍了缠绕体的纤维束F1的树脂固化的状态下,一边使芯轴100旋转,一边将切割器110的刀尖插入芯轴100的槽部101a。由此,由切割器110切断纤维束F1,能够将缠绕体分割为两个。其后,通过保持缠绕体(纤维束F1)的树脂固化的状态而使缠绕体离开芯轴100,从而形成两个圆顶构件32、33。此外,作为切割器110,没有特别限定,但例如能够使用在旋转圆盤的外周面形成有刀的结构、在薄板的侧面形成有刀的结构、利用激光切断纤维束F1的结构。
在浸渍了纤维束F1的树脂固化的状态下,由切割器110进行切断,因此,能够抑制切断时的纤维束F1的变形,并且能够抑制从芯轴100取下时的两个圆顶构件32、33的变形。
在纤维束F1(即,两个圆顶构件32、33)的树脂由热固化性树脂构成的情况下,作为固化纤维束F1的方法,没有特别限定,但在与树脂的种类对应的固化条件(加热温度以及加热时间)下,固化纤维束F1。另一方面,在纤维束F1的树脂由热塑性树脂构成的情况下,作为固化纤维束F1的方法,通过对树脂具有流动性的状态下的纤维束F1进行冷却,从而使纤维束F1的树脂固化。这样得到的圆顶构件32、33分别形成为覆盖衬里2的侧端部22、23的外表面的形状。
此外,此处,示出将浸渍有树脂的纤维束F1缠绕于芯轴100的外表面的例子,也可以是,在通过将没有浸渍有树脂的纤维束缠绕于芯轴100的外表面而形成了缠绕体后,并使其浸渍树脂而固化。
另外,此处,示出在纤维束F1的树脂固化的状态下由切割器110进行切断的例子,但也可以不使纤维束F1的树脂固化而由切割器110进行切断。此时,也可以是,使纤维束F1在由切割器110切断后固化。
但是,在纤维束F1的树脂没有固化的情况下,树脂具有粘接性,不易将纤维束F1从芯轴100取下(纤维束F1容易变形),因此,例如优选在缠绕纤维束F1时预先在芯轴100的表面涂覆脱模剂,或者降低从芯轴100取出两个圆顶构件32、33时的抽拔速度,来抑制纤维束F1的变形。
另外,此处,对在芯轴100的外表面缠绕了纤维束F1后在突出部32b的外表面安装接头4的例子进行了说明,但也可以在芯轴100的主体部101和轴部102连接的连接部预先安装接头,在该状态下利用纤维束F1缠绕芯轴100的外表面以及接头的一部分。此时,成为接头的一部分被纤维束F1覆盖而约束的状态,因此,能够通过纤维束F1稳固地固定接头。
(筒构件31的形成方法)
如图6所示,例如,通过在圆柱状的芯轴200的外表面缠绕纤维片F2而形成筒构件31。芯轴200的外径是相当于筒构件31的内径D2的外径。芯轴200的材质没有特别限定,但为了确保在粘贴纤维片F2时不变形的强度,优选为金属。
在形成筒构件31时,一边通过旋转机构(未图示)使芯轴200绕周向旋转,一边使放卷后的纤维片F2多次缠绕于芯轴200。纤维片F2是在一个方向上拉齐了的强化纤维浸渍有树脂的片材,以使强化纤维在芯轴200的周向上取向的方式将纤维片F2缠绕于芯轴200。由此,形成强化纤维在周向上取向并具有内径D2的筒构件31。
作为纤维片F2,例如,使用通过约束线织入了在单一方向上对齐的多个纤维束的所谓的UD(Uni-Direction)片材,但也可以使用织入有在单一方向上对齐的多个纤维束和与该多个纤维束交叉例如正交的多个纤维束而成的纤维片等。
此外,纤维片F2的强化纤维可举出与纤维束F1中例示出的材料相同的材料,作为浸渍于强化纤维的树脂,可举出与纤维束F1中例示的材料相同的树脂。
如图6所示,筒构件31形成为,轴向X的周端部31a的厚度随着进入两端而逐渐变薄。通过成为这样的形状,从而如图1以及图2所示,在使筒构件31的周端部31a和各圆顶构件32、33的周端部32a、33a重叠时,不易在筒构件31的外表面和两个圆顶构件32、33的外表面连接的连接部分形成高低差。
为了使筒构件31的轴向X的两端的厚度逐渐变薄地形成,也可以以使纤维片F2的轴向X(宽度方向)的端部的纤维束的厚度逐渐变薄的方式织入纤维束,也可以使纤维片F2的缠绕宽度逐渐变窄。此外,也可以通过利用辊等按压筒构件31的轴向X的两端而使厚度逐渐变薄。此外,也可以通过利用辊等按压圆顶构件32、33的周端部32a、33a,从而使它们比其他部分厚度薄。
在纤维片F2的树脂由热固化性树脂构成的情况下,也可以与纤维束F1的情况相同,在规定的固化条件(加热温度以及加热时间)下,使缠绕于芯轴200的状态的纤维片F2固化。另一方面,在纤维片F2的树脂由热塑性树脂构成的情况下,也可以与纤维束F1的情况相同,通过冷却,使缠绕于芯轴200的状态的纤维片F2固化。
在树脂固化后,从芯轴200取下筒构件31。通过树脂的固化,提高筒构件31的保形性。因此,能够容易地使筒构件31从芯轴200脱模,能够抑制从芯轴200取下筒构件31时的筒构件31的变形。
此外,此处,对在芯轴200的外表面缠绕纤维片F2而形成筒构件31的例子进行了说明。然而,也可以通过利用FW法在芯轴200的外表面环状缠绕浸渍有树脂的纤维束,从而形成筒构件31。或者,作为其他方法,也可以通过在旋转的芯轴200的内表面粘贴纤维片的所谓CW(Centrifugal Winding)法来形成筒构件31。
(衬里2的形成方法)
如图7所示,形成衬里2的筒体部21的外径D1大于筒构件31的内径D2的衬里2。具体而言,准备相当于筒体部21的筒体构件(未图示)和相当于侧端部22、23的两个侧端构件(未图示)。在与侧端部22对应的圆顶状的侧端构件,且在其顶部形成有开口部22a,在该开口部22a形成有圆筒状的管状部22b。
接着,通过焊接或者热熔接等在准备好的躯体构件的两端接合侧端构件。这样,如图7所示,能够形成具备筒状的筒体部21和在筒体部21的两侧连续形成的圆顶状的侧端部22、23的衬里2。
此处,在本实施方式中,在后述的嵌合工序中,通过基于冷却的紧密嵌合(冷嵌合),使衬里2嵌合于筒构件31。因此,在冷却前的状态下,在相同的温度(具体而言室温)的条件下,筒体部21的外径D1大于筒构件31的内径D2。该冷却前的状态是在衬里2的环境温度(具体而言室温)下衬里2内向外部敞开的状态。
并且,在本实施方式中,筒体构件以及两个侧端构件的材料(即,衬里2的材料)如上述那样由树脂或者金属构成。它们的材料是在低温下具有收缩性的材料,特别是在树脂中热塑性树脂也是比构成筒构件31的纤维强化树脂在低温下收缩性高的材料。由此,能够使冷却至低温(例如,比常温低的温度)的衬里2收缩(热收缩),使缩径后的外径D1比筒构件31的内径D2小。
2-2.收缩工序S2
在收缩工序S2中,通过冷却衬里2,使衬里2收缩。具体而言,在收缩工序S2中,如图8所示,冷却衬里2直至衬里2的筒体部21的外径D1小于筒构件31的内径D2的温度(具体而言比室温低的温度)为止。
只要能够冷却衬里2即可,其冷却方法没有特别限定。例如,也可以通过将衬里2收容于冷冻室或者冷藏室等而冷却衬里2,也可以通过对衬里2的表面吹比室温低的冷风来冷却,也可以通过接触比室温低的物质(水、干冰等)而冷却衬里2。除此之外,也可以通过从衬里2的管状部22b以及开口部22a在收容空间5填充比室温低的制冷剂而冷却。
此外,衬里2的冷却温度是比筒构件31的温度低的温度,只要是使衬里2的筒体部21的外径D1比筒构件31的内径D2小的温度,则没有特别限定。例如,冷却温度为-30℃~10℃左右的范围,优选在衬里2的材料不产生低温脆性的温度范围内冷却衬里2。
2-3.插入工序S3
在插入工序S3中,如图8所示,以由筒构件31覆盖收缩工序S2中收缩的状态的衬里2的筒体部21的方式将衬里2插入筒构件31。在收缩工序S2中,以使衬里2的筒体部21的外径D1比筒构件31的内径D2小的方式使衬里2收缩,因此,能够简单地将衬里2插入筒构件31。
2-4.嵌合工序S4
在嵌合工序S4中,如图9以及图10所示,通过使插入至筒构件31的衬里2升温至基于收缩工序S2的冷却前的温度,从而能够使收缩的状态的衬里2膨胀而使筒构件31嵌合于筒体部21。
此处,“冷却前的温度”是满足衬里2的筒体部21的外径D1大于筒构件31的内径D2的尺寸关系的温度。因此,通过衬里2的升温,使衬里2膨胀,该膨胀也在衬里2的径向上产生,因此,能够使筒构件31嵌合于衬里2的筒体部21。由此,能够使筒构件31与衬里2的筒体部21成为一体。
衬里2的升温也可以使用加热装置等,但在本实施方式中,使衬里2缓慢升温至冷却紧前的环境温度(室温)。即,将冷却后的衬里2在所谓的常温常压的条件下开放。该常温常压状态是指例如常温的范围为15℃~25℃,常压为大气压。通过这样的升温,能够抑制因升温引起的对衬里2的热冲击,一边使衬里2的筒体部21的外表面仿形于筒构件31的内表面,一边使衬里2嵌合于筒构件31。
并且,本实施方式由于衬里2的筒体部21以及筒构件31为圆筒状,所以在嵌合工序中,若使衬里2升温至衬里2的冷却前的温度为止,则能够使衬里2的外周面均匀地仿形于筒构件31的内周面。这样,能够不易在衬里2的筒体部21与筒构件31之间形成缝隙。
此处,返回准备工序S1,对衬里2的筒体部21与筒构件31之间的关系进行详述。准备工序S1的衬里2的筒体部21的外径D1和筒构件31的内径D2(1)在收缩工序S2中的冷却温度下满足外径D1<内径D2,(2)在嵌合工序S4中的膨胀后的温度(具体而言准备工序S1中的温度)下,满足外径D1>内径D2。通过该(1)以及(2)双方,能够使衬里2的筒体部21嵌合于筒构件31。
除此之外,优选以在衬里2的升温结束后使从筒构件31向衬里2的筒体部21按压的压力小于衬里2的材料的屈服应力的方式设定筒体部21的外径D1和筒构件31的内径D2。
在这样的设定中,首先,在将衬里2的材料的杨氏模量设为E,将该材料的线性膨胀系数设为α,将从冷却了的状态至膨胀结束为止的温度变化设为dT时,通过E×α×dT计算衬里2的膨胀力。除了该膨胀力之外,还进一步加入衬里2的冷却前的筒体部21的外径D1和筒构件31的内径D2,通过通常的材料力学的计算等,能够计算从筒构件31向衬里2的筒体部21按压的压力。
通过这样的设定,使从筒构件31向衬里2的筒体部21按压的压力比衬里2的材料的屈服应力小,因此,能够在衬里2弹性变形的状态下,使衬里2嵌合于筒构件31。由此,在嵌合工序S4中,衬里2不会因塑性变形而破损。
这样,根据本实施方式,没有在衬里2的筒体部21缠绕纤维强化树脂片、纤维束等地在衬里2的外表面形成第1加强层30。因此,衬里2仅产生由于嵌合工序S4而考虑到衬里2的筒体部21和筒构件31的过盈量(起初假定)的变形,所以能够避免因缠紧力等引起的预想外的衬里2的变形。
此外,在衬里2由热塑性树脂构成的情况下,热塑性树脂是比金属具有延展性的材料,因此,在嵌合工序S4中,即便衬里2产生了塑性变形,也不易在衬里2产生龟裂等。
2-5.接合工序S5
在接合工序S5中,如图11以及图12所示,以通过圆顶构件32、33覆盖衬里2的侧端部22、23的方式在嵌合于筒体部21的筒构件31的各周端部31a接合圆顶构件32、33的周端部32a、33a而形成第1加强层30。
具体而言,筒构件31的周端部31a和圆顶构件32、33的周端部32a、33a以使它们中的一方为内侧、另一方为外侧的方式嵌合。由此,能够使筒构件31与圆顶构件32、33的接合更加稳固。图12中,作为一个例子,示出使筒构件31的周端部31a为内侧且使圆顶构件32、33的周端部32a、33a为外侧而嵌合的例子。在本实施方式中,在嵌合工序S4中,筒构件31与衬里的筒体部21一体化。因此,能够在筒构件31的各周端部31a简单地接合圆顶构件32、33的周端部32a、33a,在衬里2的外表面简单地形成由筒构件31和两个圆顶构件32、33构成的第1加强层30。
也可以是,在使筒构件31和圆顶构件32、33嵌合时,在筒构件31和圆顶构件32、33的嵌合面配置粘合剂。若这样构成,则在后面工序中能够更切实地抑制筒构件31和圆顶构件32、33错位。粘合剂的材质没有特别限定,但例如优选使用环氧树脂等热固化性树脂。另外,作为粘合剂,也可以使用与筒构件31或者圆顶构件32、33相同的成分的树脂。
此外,此处,对使筒构件31的周端部31a和圆顶构件32、33的周端部32a、33a嵌合的例子进行了说明,但也可以使用粘合剂使筒构件31的周端部31a和各圆顶构件32、33的周端部32a、33a在对接的状态下接合。
2-6.第2加强层形成工序S6
在第2加强层形成工序S6中,如图1所示,以覆盖第1加强层30的外表面的方式形成由纤维强化树脂构成的第2加强层34。由此,能够形成具有第1加强层30以及第2加强层34的加强部3。
在形成第2加强层34时,利用FW法,使浸渍有树脂的纤维束以螺旋缠绕方式以层状缠绕于第1加强层30的表面。螺旋缠绕是遍及圆顶构件32、33相对于筒构件31的轴向X倾斜地(10°以上且60°以下的范围)缠入的缠绕方法。缠绕的纤维束的层数只要能够确保第2加强层34的强度,则没有特别限定,但例如优选为2~10层左右。
此外,纤维束的强化纤维可举出与纤维束F1中例示出的材料相同的材料,作为浸渍于强化纤维的树脂,可举出与纤维束F1中例示出的材料相同的树脂。
当纤维束在第1加强层30的外表面缠绕结束后,在浸渍于纤维束的树脂为热固化性树脂的情况下,使第2加强层34热固化。在浸渍于纤维束的树脂为热塑性树脂的情况下,通过放冷或者强制冷却而使第2加强层34冷却并固化。在这样形成了第2加强层34后,如图1所示,在接头4安装阀6,由此高压罐1完成。
根据本实施方式,当在衬里2的外表面形成第1加强层30时,不在衬里2的筒体部21缠绕纤维强化树脂片等,从而能够避免因缠绕时的缠紧引起的预想之外的衬里2的变形。
此外,应该认为这次公开的实施方式所有方面均为例示而不是限制性的。本发明的范围不是由上述的实施方式的说明而是由权利要求书表示,还包括与权利要求书等同的意思以及范围内的所有变更。
例如,在本实施方式中,衬里的筒体部的形状是圆筒状,筒构件的形状也是圆筒状,但只要能够在衬里的筒体部嵌合筒构件,则可使它们为扁平的形状(椭圆形状)、多边形的形状等,其形状没有特别限定。
例如,在本实施方式中,示出使用FW法形成两个圆顶构件的例子,但本发明不局限于此。例如,也可以通过使用胶带定位法利用辊对纤维束加压并粘贴于圆顶状的模具的表面,从而形成两个圆顶构件。
另外,在本实施方式中,示出通过3个构件(筒构件、圆顶构件)形成第1加强层的例子,但本发明不局限于此。例如,也可以通过4个以上的构件(两个以上的筒构件、圆顶构件)形成第1加强层。此时,也可以在使两个以上的筒构件相互接合后,在其两端接合圆顶构件。另外,也可以在圆顶构件逐个接合了筒构件后,使它们接合。
Claims (3)
1.一种制造方法,其为高压罐的制造方法,所述高压罐在具有筒状的筒体部和在所述筒体部的两侧形成的圆顶状的侧端部的衬里的外表面形成有由纤维强化树脂构成的加强层,所述制造方法的特征在于,包括:
准备所述衬里、成为所述加强层的筒构件和两个圆顶构件;
通过冷却所述衬里使所述衬里收缩;
以利用所述筒构件覆盖收缩的状态的所述衬里的所述筒体部的方式将所述衬里插入所述筒构件;
通过使插入至所述筒构件的所述衬里升温直至冷却前的温度为止,使得收缩的状态的所述衬里膨胀,从而使所述筒构件嵌合于所述筒体部;以及
以利用所述圆顶构件覆盖所述衬里的所述侧端部的方式在嵌合于所述筒体部的所述筒构件的各周端部接合所述圆顶构件的周端部,从而形成所述加强层,
所述筒构件为圆筒状,
在准备所述衬里与所述筒构件和所述两个圆顶构件时,
准备满足所述衬里的所述筒体部的外径大于所述筒构件的内径的尺寸关系的所述衬里和所述筒构件,
在使所述衬里收缩时,使所述衬里冷却直至所述衬里的所述筒体部的外径小于所述筒构件的内径的温度为止,
在使所述筒构件嵌合于所述筒体部时,使所述衬里升温直至满足所述尺寸关系的所述冷却前的温度为止。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,其特征在于,
在准备所述衬里与所述筒构件和所述两个圆顶构件时,
以使在所述衬里的升温结束后从所述筒构件向所述衬里的所述筒体部按压的压力小于所述衬里的材料的屈服应力的方式设定所述筒体部的外径和所述筒构件的内径。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制造方法,其特征在于,
所述衬里由热塑性树脂构成。
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