CN113278089A - Separation, extraction and purification method of dogwood seed polysaccharide - Google Patents
Separation, extraction and purification method of dogwood seed polysaccharide Download PDFInfo
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- CN113278089A CN113278089A CN202110603005.3A CN202110603005A CN113278089A CN 113278089 A CN113278089 A CN 113278089A CN 202110603005 A CN202110603005 A CN 202110603005A CN 113278089 A CN113278089 A CN 113278089A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for separating, extracting and purifying dogwood seed polysaccharide, belonging to the technical field of dogwood seed polysaccharide extraction, comprising the following steps of drying dogwood seeds, crushing, degreasing, uniformly dispersing the dried dogwood seeds in a water solvent, reacting in a subcritical reaction kettle, and performing suction filtration to obtain an extracting solution; removing colored impurities in the extracting solution by using activated carbon to obtain a clear crude polysaccharide solution, then adding a Sevage reagent, uniformly dispersing the Sevage reagent in the crude polysaccharide solution, standing, and collecting supernatant to obtain a deproteinized polysaccharide solution; concentrating the deproteinized polysaccharide solution under reduced pressure, and freeze-drying under vacuum to obtain crude Corni fructus seed polysaccharide product; and eluting the crude dogwood seed polysaccharide product by using a DEAE-52 cellulose column and a Sephadex G-100 column in sequence, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the eluent to obtain the pure dogwood seed polysaccharide product. The whole separation, extraction and purification process of the invention consumes short time, and the obtained dogwood seed polysaccharide has high purity, is suitable for large-scale production, and effectively solves the problem of dogwood seed resource waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant polysaccharide extraction, in particular to a method for separating, extracting and purifying dogwood seed polysaccharide.
Background
Cornus officinalis, also known as cornus officinalis and sichua jujube, is a small deciduous tree of cornus genus of the family cornaceae, and is mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Henan and Shandong provinces in China. Clinically, the dried and cooked fruit and pulp has the efficacies of tonifying liver and kidney, and arresting seminal emission and relieving depletion by using the dried and cooked fruit and pulp as a medicine, and is a traditional Chinese medicinal material in China.
In recent years, dogwood pulp contains rich medicinal and nutritional health-care components such as saccharides, organic acids, esters, tannins, ketones and the like, and is a main medicinal material for treating diabetes, coronary heart disease and hypertension. And researches show that the dogwood polysaccharide is an important component of dogwood biological active substances and has physiological activities such as oxidation resistance, immunoregulation and the like, so that dogwood pulp is widely applied. However, because relatively few studies have been made on cornus officinalis seeds, cornus officinalis seeds are often used as a material for filling pillows or are directly discarded, which results in waste of resources. And the existing research shows that the sugar content of other dogwood seeds is higher and reaches 64.7 percent, the dogwood seeds account for about 80 percent of dogwood fruits, and medicinal pulp only accounts for a very small part, so that the polysaccharide in the dogwood seeds is very necessary to be researched, which is helpful for improving the utilization value of the dogwood and has important significance for increasing the income of farmers.
The prior art discloses an extraction method, which comprises the steps of crushing dogwood seeds, soaking the crushed dogwood seeds, and then spin-drying the soaking solution to obtain an extract of the dogwood seeds. The invention provides a separation, extraction and purification method of dogwood seed polysaccharide, aiming at obtaining pure dogwood seed polysaccharide with high content and no impurities.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for separating, extracting and purifying dogwood seed polysaccharide. The method has the advantages that the overall preparation period is short in time consumption, the structure of the dogwood seeds is damaged in a short time through subcritical reaction, so that the macromolecular substances of polysaccharide and protein are dissolved out to a greater extent, and the high-purity dogwood seed polysaccharide is obtained through deproteinization and column chromatography, so that the problem of resource waste of the dogwood seeds is effectively solved.
The invention relates to a method for separating, extracting and purifying dogwood seed polysaccharide, which is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for separating, extracting and purifying dogwood seed polysaccharide, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drying and crushing the dogwood seeds, and degreasing to obtain degreased dogwood seed powder; uniformly dispersing the degreased dogwood seed powder into an aqueous solvent, placing the mixture into a subcritical reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, cooling to room temperature, and performing suction filtration to obtain an extracting solution;
s2, removing colored impurities in the extracting solution by using activated carbon to obtain a clear crude polysaccharide solution, then adding a Sevage reagent into the crude polysaccharide solution, oscillating to uniformly disperse the Sevage reagent in the crude polysaccharide solution, standing, and collecting supernatant to obtain a deproteinized polysaccharide solution; concentrating the deproteinized polysaccharide solution under reduced pressure, and freeze-drying under vacuum to obtain crude product of Corni fructus seed polysaccharide;
s3, eluting the obtained crude product of the dogwood seed polysaccharide by using a DEAE-52 cellulose column and a Sephadex G-100 column in sequence, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the eluent to obtain the pure product of the dogwood seed polysaccharide.
Further, the hydrothermal reaction is carried out at 120-200 ℃ for 3-60 min.
Further, placing the crude dogwood seed polysaccharide product on a DEAE-52 cellulose column, sequentially carrying out fractional elution by using distilled water and NaCl solution, collecting eluent, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the eluent to obtain the primarily purified dogwood seed polysaccharide.
Further, placing the primarily purified dogwood seed polysaccharide on a Sephadex G-100 column, eluting the dogwood seed polysaccharide with distilled water, collecting eluent, and performing vacuum freeze drying on the eluent to obtain a pure dogwood seed polysaccharide product.
The Sevage reagent is a mixed solution of chloroform and n-butyl alcohol in a ratio of 4:1(v/v), and the volume ratio of the crude polysaccharide solution to the Sevage reagent is 1: 4-6.
Further, after adding the Sevage reagent, oscillating to uniformly disperse the Sevage reagent in the crude polysaccharide solution, standing, discarding the intermediate protein layer and the lower layer, repeating for many times until no obvious intermediate protein layer exists, and collecting the concentrated polysaccharide solution on the upper layer to obtain the deproteinized polysaccharide solution.
Further, in step S2, the ratio of the amount of the activated carbon to the amount of the extracting solution is 1 g: 40-60 mL.
Further, in step S1, the dogwood seeds are dried to a moisture content of 10% or less and pulverized to a powder that can pass through a 80 mesh sieve.
Further, in step S1, petroleum ether is used for degreasing, and after degreasing, petroleum ether is evaporated to dryness to obtain degreased cornus officinalis seed powder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method comprises the steps of firstly drying the dogwood seeds and then crushing the dogwood seeds into powder, increasing the surface area of the dogwood seeds, facilitating subsequent treatment, and then degreasing the dogwood seed powder by using petroleum ether to remove lipid in the dogwood seeds, thereby improving the extraction purity of dogwood seed polysaccharide. And then uniformly dispersing the degreased dogwood seed powder into a hydrosolvent, destroying the structure of dogwood seeds in a short time through subcritical reaction, dissolving the dogwood seed polysaccharide and protein macromolecules into an extracting solution to a large extent, then rapidly cooling to room temperature, separating out other impurities, filtering out the impurities and residues of the dogwood seeds, and improving the content of the dogwood seed polysaccharide in the extracting solution and simultaneously improving the purity of the dogwood seed polysaccharide in the extracting solution. And then adding activated carbon into the extracting solution to adsorb other impurities and some pigment molecules, further improving the purity of the cornus officinalis seed polysaccharide in the extracting solution, and simultaneously removing the interference of other colored substances on the color of the cornus officinalis seed polysaccharide. And then adding Sevage reagent into the decolorized extracting solution to remove protein dissolved out due to subcritical reaction, and further improving the purity of the cornus officinalis seed polysaccharide in the extracting solution. And then, carrying out DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography on the deproteinized dogwood seed polysaccharide to finally obtain the high-purity dogwood seed polysaccharide. The method is sequentially carried out through the steps, the steps are closely connected, the dogwood seed polysaccharide is gradually purified, the time consumption of the whole process is short, the purity of the obtained dogwood seed polysaccharide is high, and the method is suitable for large-scale production. Effectively solving the problem of resource waste of the dogwood seeds.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below.
Example 1
The separation, extraction and purification method of dogwood seed polysaccharide in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
drying Corni fructus seed to water content of 10%, pulverizing into powder capable of passing through 80 mesh sieve, defatting with petroleum ether for 3 times, and volatilizing petroleum ether to obtain defatted Corni fructus seed powder; adding distilled water into the degreased dogwood seed powder according to the proportion of 40ml of distilled water per gram of dogwood seed powder, placing the degreased dogwood seed powder into a subcritical reaction kettle, reacting for 20min at the temperature of 160 ℃, then rapidly cooling to room temperature, and performing suction filtration to obtain an extracting solution and filter residues;
according to the proportion of 1g of active carbon and extracting solution: adding 50mL of active carbon into the extracting solution, oscillating at the constant temperature of 25 ℃ for 1h at the speed of 200r/min to uniformly disperse the active carbon into the extracting solution, thereby adsorbing colored impurities in the extracting solution, and then filtering the active carbon to obtain a clear crude polysaccharide solution;
adding a Sevage reagent (chloroform: n-butyl alcohol is 4:1(v/v)) into the crude polysaccharide solution, wherein the volume ratio of the crude polysaccharide solution to the Sevage reagent is 1:5, oscillating to uniformly disperse the Sevage reagent in the crude polysaccharide solution, standing, discarding an intermediate protein layer and a lower layer, repeating for three times, collecting a concentrated polysaccharide solution on the upper layer to obtain a deproteinized polysaccharide solution, then concentrating the deproteinized polysaccharide solution under reduced pressure, and performing vacuum freeze drying to obtain a crude product of the cornus officinalis seed polysaccharide;
adding the obtained crude product of dogwood seed polysaccharide to a DEAE-52 cellulose column (2.5 x 60cm), eluting with distilled water, 0.1mol/L NaCl solution, 0.2mol/L NaCl solution and 0.3mol/L NaCl solution in sequence, collecting eluent, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain 4 groups of samples, wherein the samples are respectively named as a component 1, a component 2, a component 3 and a component 4, and the yield is respectively 3.24%, 6.18%, 7.59% and 22.11%.
Respectively dissolving the component 1, the component 2, the component 3 and the component 4 in distilled water, filtering to remove impurities, respectively adding the obtained solution to a Sephadex G-100 gel chromatographic column, eluting with distilled water (the elution flow rate is 0.5mL/min and each tube is 2mL), collecting eluent, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the eluent to obtain a pure polysaccharide product, wherein the final yields of the component 1, the component 2, the component 3 and the component 4 are respectively 2.5%, 4.82%, 5.92% and 17.25% in the chromatographic purification yield of a comprehensive DEAE-52 cellulose column.
Example 2
The separation, extraction and purification method of dogwood seed polysaccharide in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
drying Corni fructus seed to water content of 8%, pulverizing into powder capable of passing through 80 mesh sieve, defatting with petroleum ether for 3 times, and volatilizing petroleum ether to obtain defatted Corni fructus seed powder; adding distilled water into defatted fructus Corni seed powder at a ratio of 40ml distilled water per gram of fructus Corni seed powder, placing in a subcritical reaction kettle, reacting at 120 deg.C for 60min, rapidly cooling to room temperature, and vacuum filtering to obtain extractive solution and residue;
according to the proportion of 1g of active carbon and extracting solution: adding active carbon into the extracting solution according to the dosage ratio of 40mL, oscillating at constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 1.5h at the speed of 100r/min to uniformly disperse the active carbon into the extracting solution, thereby adsorbing colored impurities in the extracting solution, and then filtering the active carbon to obtain a clear crude polysaccharide solution;
adding a Sevage reagent (chloroform: n-butyl alcohol is 4:1(v/v)) into the crude polysaccharide solution, wherein the volume ratio of the crude polysaccharide solution to the Sevage reagent is 1:4, oscillating to uniformly disperse the Sevage reagent in the crude polysaccharide solution, standing, discarding an intermediate protein layer and a lower layer, repeating for three times, and then discarding an obvious intermediate protein layer, collecting the concentrated polysaccharide solution on the upper layer to obtain a deproteinized polysaccharide solution, then concentrating the deproteinized polysaccharide solution under reduced pressure, and performing vacuum freeze drying to obtain a crude product of the cornus seed polysaccharide;
dissolving the obtained crude dogwood seed polysaccharide in distilled water, filtering, removing impurities, adding the crude dogwood seed polysaccharide into a DEAE-52 cellulose column (2.5 x 60cm), eluting by sequentially using distilled water, 0.1mol/L NaCl solution, 0.2mol/L NaCl solution and 0.3mol/L NaCl solution, collecting eluent of an absorption peak, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain 4 groups of samples, wherein the eluent is named as a component 1, a component 2, a component 3 and a component 4, and the yield is 3.01%, 5.79%, 7.11% and 21.68% respectively.
Respectively dissolving the component 1, the component 2, the component 3 and the component 4 in distilled water, filtering to remove impurities, respectively adding the obtained solution into a Sephadex G-100 gel chromatographic column, eluting with distilled water (the elution flow rate is 0.5mL/min and each tube is 2mL), collecting an absorption peak eluent, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the eluent to obtain a pure polysaccharide product, wherein the final yields of the component 1, the component 2, the component 3 and the component 4 are respectively 2.26%, 4.34%, 5.33% and 16.26% in the chromatographic purification yield of a comprehensive DEAE-52 cellulose column.
Example 3
The separation, extraction and purification method of dogwood seed polysaccharide in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
drying Corni fructus seed to water content of 9%, pulverizing into powder capable of passing through 80 mesh sieve, defatting with petroleum ether for 3 times, and volatilizing petroleum ether to obtain defatted Corni fructus seed powder; adding distilled water into defatted fructus Corni seed powder at a ratio of 40ml distilled water per gram of fructus Corni seed powder, placing in a subcritical reaction kettle, reacting at 200 deg.C for 3min, rapidly cooling to room temperature, and vacuum filtering to obtain extractive solution and residue;
according to the proportion of 1g of active carbon and extracting solution: adding active carbon into the extracting solution according to the dosage ratio of 60mL, oscillating at the constant temperature of 40 ℃ for 0.5h at the speed of 300r/min to uniformly disperse the active carbon into the extracting solution, thereby adsorbing colored impurities in the extracting solution, and then filtering the active carbon to obtain a clear crude polysaccharide solution;
adding a Sevage reagent (chloroform: n-butyl alcohol is 4:1(v/v)) into the crude polysaccharide solution, wherein the volume ratio of the crude polysaccharide solution to the Sevage reagent is 1:6, oscillating to uniformly disperse the Sevage reagent in the crude polysaccharide solution, standing, discarding an intermediate protein layer and a lower layer, repeating for three times, collecting a concentrated polysaccharide solution on the upper layer to obtain a deproteinized polysaccharide solution, then concentrating the deproteinized polysaccharide solution under reduced pressure, and performing vacuum freeze drying to obtain a crude product of the cornus officinalis seed polysaccharide;
dissolving the obtained crude product of dogwood seed polysaccharide in distilled water, filtering, removing impurities, adding the crude product into a DEAE-52 cellulose column (2.5 x 60cm), eluting by using distilled water, 0.1mol/L NaCl solution, 0.2mol/L NaCl solution and 0.3mol/L NaCl solution in sequence, collecting eluent of an absorption peak, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain 4 groups of samples, wherein the samples are respectively named as a component 1, a component 2, a component 3 and a component 4, and the yield is respectively 3.18%, 6.01%, 7.38% and 21.97%.
Respectively dissolving the component 1, the component 2, the component 3 and the component 4 in distilled water, filtering to remove impurities, respectively adding the obtained solution into a Sephadex G-100 gel chromatographic column, eluting with distilled water (the elution flow rate is 0.5mL/min and each tube is 2mL), collecting an absorption peak eluent, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the eluent to obtain a pure polysaccharide product, wherein the final yields of the component 1, the component 2, the component 3 and the component 4 are respectively 2.41%, 4.57%, 5.61% and 16.70% in the chromatographic purification yield of a comprehensive DEAE-52 cellulose column.
The ultraviolet absorption test is carried out on each final product of the examples 1 to 3, and the test result shows that each final product of the examples 1 to 3 has no obvious absorption peak at 260nm and 280nm, which indicates that the dogwood seed polysaccharide obtained by the method has high purity and no protein and accounting residue.
The content of the polysaccharide is determined by adopting a phenol-sulfuric acid method, and the specific test method is consistent with the prior art and is not repeated herein.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for separating, extracting and purifying dogwood seed polysaccharide is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, drying and crushing the dogwood seeds, and degreasing to obtain degreased dogwood seed powder; uniformly dispersing the degreased dogwood seed powder into an aqueous solvent, placing the mixture into a subcritical reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, cooling to room temperature, and performing suction filtration to obtain an extracting solution;
s2, removing colored impurities in the extracting solution by using activated carbon to obtain a clear crude polysaccharide solution, then adding a Sevage reagent into the crude polysaccharide solution, oscillating to uniformly disperse the Sevage reagent in the crude polysaccharide solution, standing, and collecting supernatant to obtain a deproteinized polysaccharide solution; concentrating the deproteinized polysaccharide solution under reduced pressure, and freeze-drying under vacuum to obtain crude product of Corni fructus seed polysaccharide;
s3, eluting the obtained crude product of the dogwood seed polysaccharide by using a DEAE-52 cellulose column and a Sephadex G-100 column in sequence, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the eluent to obtain the pure product of the dogwood seed polysaccharide.
2. The method for separating, extracting and purifying cornus officinalis seed polysaccharide according to claim 1, wherein the hydrothermal reaction is carried out at 120-200 ℃ for 3-60 min.
3. The method for separating, extracting and purifying dogwood seed polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crude dogwood seed polysaccharide is put on a DEAE-52 cellulose column, and is sequentially subjected to fractional elution with distilled water and NaCl solution, and the eluate is collected to obtain a solution containing primarily purified dogwood seed polysaccharide.
4. The method for separating, extracting and purifying cornus officinalis seed polysaccharide according to claim 3, wherein the cornus officinalis seed polysaccharide solution containing the primary purification is placed on a Sephadex G-100 column, and is eluted with distilled water, and the eluate is collected and vacuum freeze-dried to obtain the pure product of cornus officinalis seed polysaccharide.
5. The method for separating, extracting and purifying dogwood seed polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Sevage reagent is a mixture of chloroform and n-butanol at a ratio of 4:1, v/v, and the volume ratio of the crude polysaccharide solution to the Sevage reagent is 1: 4-6.
6. The method for separating, extracting and purifying cornus officinalis seed polysaccharide according to claim 5, wherein after the Sevage reagent is added, the Sevage reagent is oscillated to be uniformly dispersed in the crude polysaccharide solution and then stands, the intermediate protein layer and the lower layer are discarded, the operation is repeated for a plurality of times until no obvious intermediate protein layer exists, and the concentrated polysaccharide solution on the upper layer is collected to obtain the deproteinized polysaccharide solution.
7. The method for separating, extracting and purifying cornus officinalis seed polysaccharide according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the ratio of the amount of activated carbon to the amount of extraction liquid is 1 g: 40-60 mL.
8. The method for separating, extracting and purifying dogwood seed polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the dogwood seeds are dried to a moisture content of 10% or less and crushed to a powder that can pass through a 80 mesh sieve.
9. The method for separating, extracting and purifying cornus officinalis seed polysaccharide of claim 1, wherein in step S1, petroleum ether is used for defatting, and after defatting, the petroleum ether is evaporated to obtain defatted cornus officinalis seed powder.
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