CN113277404A

CN113277404A - Elevator speed reducer

Info

Publication number: CN113277404A
Application number: CN202110609806.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴哲
Original assignee: Foshan Hezhong Elevator Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Foshan Hezhong Elevator Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-06-01
Filing date: 2021-06-01
Publication date: 2021-08-20

Abstract

The invention provides an elevator speed reduction device, comprising: the box is provided with first motor outward, the output shaft of first motor extends to and is connected with clutch one end in the box, and the clutch other end is connected with reduction gearing's input, and reduction gearing's output and synchronous chain one end are connected, and the synchronous chain other end extends to the box below and is connected with elevator car, and the clutch can adopt claw clutch, reduction gearing drives elevator car and removes after one to tertiary reduction gearing, is furnished with the stopper on reduction gearing's the output shaft. In addition, the overall shape of the reduction box body is provided with a vertical type, a horizontal type or a special-shaped body according to the power space position. The invention aims to provide an elevator speed reducer which is simple in structure, small in occupied space, low in cost, high in transmission efficiency, good in reliability and low in running noise.

Description

Elevator speed reducer

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of elevators, in particular to an elevator speed reducing device.

Background

The reduction gearbox is also called as a gearbox, namely, the motor is converted into the rated rotating speed required by the elevator at high speed through the speed reduction structure, and the output rated torque of the output shaft of the reduction gearbox can be increased step by step. Therefore, it is widely used in general elevators or escalators. Because the original structure adopts a worm gear pair or a gear pair for multi-stage speed reduction, the whole structure of the reduction gearbox is too large, or the transmission efficiency is low, an alternating current permanent magnet toothless traction machine is selected for replacement at present, although the transmission effect is better, the defect exists, the price of a host is high, and national defense materials such as rare earth are also needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an elevator speed reducer, which aims to solve the problems of excessively large overall structure, low transmission efficiency and high manufacturing cost of a reduction gearbox.

The invention provides an elevator speed reducing device, comprising: the elevator car speed reducer comprises a box body, a first motor, a clutch, a chain wheel and a chain, wherein the first motor is arranged outside the box body, an output shaft of the first motor extends into the box body and is connected with one end of the clutch, the other end of the clutch is connected with the input end of a speed reduction transmission device, the output end of the speed reduction transmission device is connected with one end of a synchronous chain, and the other end of the synchronous chain extends to the lower portion of the box body and is connected with an elevator car.

Preferably, the reduction gear comprises: a first rotating shaft, a first chain wheel, a second rotating shaft, a second chain wheel, a third rotating shaft, a fourth chain wheel, a driving gear,

One end, far away from the first motor, of the clutch is connected with one end of a first rotating shaft, the other end of the first rotating shaft is coaxially connected with a first chain wheel, a second rotating shaft is arranged on one side of the first rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft is parallel to the second rotating shaft, a second chain wheel and a third chain wheel are coaxially arranged on the second rotating shaft respectively, the diameter of the first chain wheel is smaller than that of the second chain wheel, and the first chain wheel is connected with the second chain wheel through a first chain;

one side that the second pivot was kept away from first pivot is provided with the third pivot, the second pivot with the third pivot is parallel, coaxial fourth sprocket and the drive gear of being provided with respectively in the third pivot, the diameter of third sprocket is less than the diameter of fourth sprocket, the third sprocket with the fourth sprocket passes through the second chain and connects, drive gear and synchronous chain one end meshing, the synchronous chain other end extends to the box below and is connected with elevator car top.

Preferably, a disc brake is arranged at one end of the third rotating shaft close to the fourth chain wheel.

Preferably, two driving gears are arranged on the third rotating shaft, and a braking and stopping limiting device is arranged between the two driving gears or nearby the two driving gears.

Preferably, the both sides that lie in first sprocket on the first pivot are provided with first supporting seat respectively, first pivot with first supporting seat rotates to be connected, first supporting seat fixed mounting be in on the box inner wall.

Preferably, the two ends of the second rotating shaft are respectively provided with a second supporting seat, the second rotating shaft is rotatably connected with the second supporting seats, and the second supporting seats are fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the box body.

Preferably, the third rotating shaft is provided with three third supporting seats, the third rotating shaft is rotatably connected with the third supporting seats, and the third supporting seats are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the box body.

Preferably, be provided with lubricating oil sprinkler in the box, lubricating oil sprinkler includes: a supporting plate, a fixing plate, an L-shaped connecting rod, a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft,

a supporting plate is arranged in the box body and connected with the inner wall of the box body, a fixed plate is arranged on one side of the supporting plate close to the speed reduction transmission device and parallel to the supporting plate, L-shaped connecting rods are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the fixed plate, one end of each L-shaped connecting rod is connected with the fixed plate, the other end of each L-shaped connecting rod is connected with the supporting plate, one end of each fixed plate is provided with a second motor, the output shaft of each second motor is coaxially connected with one end of a first rotating shaft, the other end of each fixed plate is provided with a second rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft is parallel to the second rotating shaft, one end of the second rotating shaft is rotatably connected with the fixed plate, the left side and the right side of each second motor are respectively provided with a first round hole, and the left side and the right side of each second rotating shaft are respectively provided with a second round hole,

one end of the first rotating shaft, which is far away from the second motor, is perpendicularly connected with one end of the first rotating shaft, the other end of the first rotating shaft is connected with the outer wall of the first sleeve, a third rotating shaft is arranged in the first sleeve and is rotationally connected with the first sleeve, one end of the third rotating shaft is provided with an oil storage tank, a connecting pipe is arranged on the oil storage tank, one end of the connecting pipe is communicated with the oil storage tank, the other end of the connecting pipe is communicated with the nozzle, a second sleeve is sleeved on the other end of the third rotating shaft, the third rotating shaft is rotationally connected with the second sleeve, a cylindrical gear is coaxially connected with the outer wall of the second sleeve, a ring is further sleeved on the second sleeve, the second sleeve is rotationally connected with the ring, one end of the supporting plate is provided with an internal gear, the cylindrical gear is positioned in the internal gear and is meshed with the internal gear, the first rotating rod, the first sleeve, the third rotating shaft, the oil storage tank, the connecting pipe, the nozzle, the second sleeve, the cylindrical gear, the circular ring and the internal gear are symmetrically arranged in another group around the center of the fixing plate, and the circular ring on the left side is connected with the circular ring on the right side through the first connecting rod.

Preferably, the connecting pipe is provided with an electromagnetic valve, the oil storage tank is provided with an oil inlet pipe, and the oil inlet pipe is provided with a cover.

Preferably, the dust removing device further comprises a dust removing device, wherein the dust removing device comprises: the novel multifunctional cleaning box comprises two second rotating rods, two second connecting rods, an elastic driving rod, a movable plate and bristles, wherein the second rotating rods are arranged on the outer walls of two second sleeves respectively, one ends of the two second rotating rods are perpendicularly connected with the outer walls of the two second sleeves respectively, the other ends of the two second rotating rods are hinged with the two ends of the second connecting rods respectively, a parallelogram connecting rod mechanism is formed by the two second rotating rods, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, the elastic driving rod is arranged in the middle of the first connecting rod, one end of the elastic driving rod is perpendicularly connected with the first connecting rod, the other end of the elastic driving rod can be in contact with the second connecting rod, the movable plate is arranged on one side, away from the elastic driving rod, of the second connecting rod, the bristles are arranged on the movable plate, an opening is formed in the outer wall of the box body, a filter screen is arranged on the opening, and the bristles are in contact with the filter screen.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention has compact integral structure, so that the elevator is particularly suitable for small machine rooms or machine rooms without machine rooms, and the occupied space of the elevator in the machine room host machine is reduced.

2. Because the reduction gearbox adopts the reduction transmission of a chain wheel chain and the like, and the synchronous rotating speed of the motor does not exceed 1000rpm, the chain wheel chain does not need to adopt forced lubrication and can be lubricated by an oil dripping device or filling. Besides the simplified structure, the problems of oil leakage and environmental pollution of the common reduction gearbox are solved.

3. The chain in the structure is a silent chain made of alloy materials or a synchronous toothed belt (the material of the silent chain can be high-strength graphene), and the silent chain has the characteristics of good meshing performance, high structural strength, damage resistance, wear resistance, convenience in maintenance, silence and the like. Therefore, under normal maintenance, the service life of the device can reach 20 years, and the use and maintenance cost is reduced.

4. Furthermore, when the brake is placed on the reduction box output shaft, not the high speed shaft. When the chain breaks, the main driving shaft can be effectively prevented from rotating (reversing) by itself under the gravity of the car or the step.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.

The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a state diagram of the present invention in use;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the lubricating oil spraying device according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of FIG. 3 at A;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a dust removing apparatus according to the present invention;

wherein, 1-box, 2-first motor, 3-clutch, 4-synchronous chain, 5-first rotating shaft, 6-first chain wheel, 7-second rotating shaft, 8-second chain wheel, 9-third chain wheel, 10-third rotating shaft, 11-fourth chain wheel, 12-driving gear, 13-first chain 14-second chain, 15-disc brake, 16-braking limiting device, 17-first supporting seat, 18-second supporting seat, 19-third supporting seat, 20-supporting plate, 21-fixing plate, 22-L type connecting rod, 23-first rotating shaft, 24-second rotating shaft, 25-second motor, 26-first round hole, 27-first rotating rod, 28-first sleeve and 29-third rotating shaft, 30-an oil storage tank, 31-a connecting pipe, 32-a nozzle, 33-a second sleeve, 34-a cylindrical gear, 35-a circular ring, 36-an internal gear, 37-a second circular hole, 38-a first connecting rod, 39-an electromagnetic valve, 40-an oil inlet pipe, 41-a cover, 42-a second rotating rod, 43-a second connecting rod, 44-an elastic deflector rod, 45-a moving plate, 46-bristles, 47-an opening and 48-a filter screen.

Detailed Description

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other element.

It will be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, as used herein, refer to an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings that is solely for the purpose of facilitating the description and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and is therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

According to the embodiment of the invention shown in fig. 1-2, the elevator speed reducing device is characterized by comprising: the elevator car speed reducer comprises a box body 1, a first motor 2, a clutch 3 and a chain 4, wherein the first motor 2 is arranged outside the box body 1, an output shaft of the first motor 2 is connected with one end of the clutch 3, the other end of the clutch 3 is connected with an input end of a speed reduction transmission device, an output end of the speed reduction transmission device is connected with one end of a synchronous chain 4, and the other end of the synchronous chain 4 extends to the lower portion of the box body 1 and is connected with an elevator car. The first motor 2 is a three-phase asynchronous first motor. The overall shape of the box body is provided with a vertical type, a horizontal type or a special-shaped body according to the power space position.

The reduction gear includes: a first rotating shaft 5, a first chain wheel 6, a second rotating shaft 7, a second chain wheel 8, a third chain wheel 9, a third rotating shaft 10, a fourth chain wheel 11, a driving gear 12,

One end, far away from the first motor 2, of the clutch 3 is connected with one end of a first rotating shaft 5, the other end of the first rotating shaft 5 is coaxially connected with a first chain wheel 6, a second rotating shaft 7 is arranged on one side of the first rotating shaft 5, the first rotating shaft 5 is parallel to the second rotating shaft 7, a second chain wheel 8 and a third chain wheel 9 are coaxially arranged on the second rotating shaft 7 respectively, the diameter of the first chain wheel 6 is smaller than that of the second chain wheel 8, and the first chain wheel 6 is connected with the second chain wheel 8 through a first chain 13;

second pivot 7 is kept away from one side of first pivot 5 is provided with third pivot 10, second pivot 7 with third pivot 10 is parallel, coaxial fourth sprocket 11 and the drive gear 12 of being provided with respectively in the third pivot 10, the diameter of third sprocket 9 is less than the diameter of fourth sprocket 11, third sprocket 9 with fourth sprocket 11 passes through second chain 14 and connects, drive gear 12 meshes with 4 one end of synchronous chain, and the 4 other ends of synchronous chain extend to 1 below of box and are connected with the elevator car top. The drive gear 12 and the timing chain 4 can be replaced by a drive pulley and a timing belt.

The working principle and the beneficial technical effects of the technical scheme are as follows: when the first motor 2 is electrified and rotates positively and negatively, the first rotating shaft 5 is driven to rotate through the clutch 3, firstly, the first-level speed reduction transmission structure composed of the first chain wheel 6, the second chain wheel and the first chain 13 is used for speed reduction, then the second-level speed reduction transmission structure composed of the third chain wheel 9, the fourth chain wheel 11 and the second chain 14 is used for speed reduction, the third rotating shaft 10 is driven to drive the gear 12 to rotate at a low rotating speed and high torque, and the elevator car is driven to run up and down through the meshing transmission of the drive gear 12 and the synchronous chain 4. The structure is simple, the assembly is convenient, and the reliability is good. Namely, when the type of the first motor (or the alternating current permanent magnet synchronous main machine) is changed or the driving gear is changed into the traction sheave, the device can be matched with other types (such as an escalator). And the elevator is also suitable for the major repair and reconstruction supporting projects of the existing elevator structure.

In one embodiment, a disc brake 15 is disposed on an end of the third rotating shaft 10 near the fourth sprocket 11. When the first motor 2 is powered off, the first motor 2 stops rotating, the disc brake 15 is powered off for braking, the driving gear 12 stops rotating, and the car also stops moving, so that the use is safer.

In one embodiment, two driving gears 12 are disposed on the third rotating shaft 10, and a stopping limiting device 16 is disposed between the two driving gears 12, so that when the car moves to the upper and lower end stations, the first motor 2 still rotates under extreme conditions, and at this time, the clutch falls off from the first motor shaft under a specified torque, so that the first motor idles, thereby ensuring that the car does not bump against the top or bottom (or reversely rotate downwards), and preventing the driving gears from being damaged by a synchronous chain or a synchronous belt. .

In one embodiment, the first rotating shaft 5 is provided with first supporting seats 17 at two sides of the first chain wheel 6, the first rotating shaft 5 is rotatably connected with the first supporting seats 17, the first supporting seats 17 are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the box body 1, and the first supporting seats 17 play a role of supporting the first rotating shaft 5.

In one embodiment, two ends of the second rotating shaft 7 are respectively provided with a second supporting seat 18, the second rotating shaft 7 is rotatably connected with the second supporting seats 18, the second supporting seats 18 are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the box body 1, and the second supporting seats 18 play a role in supporting the second rotating shaft 7.

In one embodiment, three third supporting seats 19 are disposed on the third rotating shaft 10, the third rotating shaft 10 is rotatably connected to the third supporting seats 19, the third supporting seats 19 are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the box body 1, and the third supporting seats 19 play a role of supporting the third rotating shaft 10.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 to 5, a lubricant spraying device is provided in the case 1, and the lubricant spraying device includes: a supporting plate 20, a fixing plate 21, an L-shaped connecting rod 22, a first rotating shaft 23, a second rotating shaft 24,

a supporting plate 20 is arranged in the box body 1, the supporting plate 20 is connected with the inner wall of the box body 1, one side of the supporting plate 20 close to the speed reduction transmission device is provided with a fixing plate 21, the fixing plate 21 is parallel to the supporting plate 20, the left end and the right end of the fixing plate 21 are respectively provided with an L-shaped connecting rod 22, one end of the L-shaped connecting rod 22 is connected with the fixing plate 21, the other end of the L-shaped connecting rod 22 is connected with the supporting plate 20, one end of the fixing plate 21 is provided with a second motor 25, the output shaft of the second motor 25 is coaxially connected with one end of a first rotating shaft 23, the other end of the fixing plate 21 is provided with a second rotating shaft 24, the first rotating shaft 23 is parallel to the second rotating shaft 24, one end of the second rotating shaft 24 is rotatably connected with the fixing plate 21, the left side and the right side of the second motor 25 are respectively provided with a first round hole 26, and the left side and the right side of the second rotating shaft 24 are respectively provided with a second round hole 37,

one end of the first rotating shaft 23, which is far away from the second motor 25, is perpendicularly connected with one end of the first rotating rod 27, the other end of the first rotating rod 27 is connected with the outer wall of the first sleeve 28, a third rotating shaft 29 is arranged in the first sleeve 28, the third rotating shaft 29 is rotatably connected with the first sleeve 28, one end of the third rotating shaft 29 is provided with an oil storage tank 30, a connecting pipe 31 is arranged on the oil storage tank 30, one end of the connecting pipe 31 is communicated with the oil storage tank 30, the other end of the connecting pipe 31 is communicated with the nozzle 32, a second sleeve 33 is sleeved on the other end of the third rotating shaft 29, the third rotating shaft 29 is rotatably connected with the second sleeve 33, a cylindrical gear 34 is coaxially connected on the outer wall of the second sleeve 33, a circular ring 35 is further sleeved on the second sleeve 33, the second sleeve 33 is rotatably connected with the circular ring 35, and an inner gear 36 is arranged at one end of the supporting plate 20, the cylindrical gear 34 is positioned in the internal gear 36 and meshed with the internal gear 36, the first rotating rod 27, the first sleeve 28, the third rotating shaft 29, the oil storage tank 30, the connecting pipe 31, the nozzle 32, the second sleeve 33, the cylindrical gear 34, the rings 35 and the internal gear 36 are symmetrically arranged in another group around the center of the fixed plate 21, and the left ring 35 and the right ring 35 are connected through the first connecting rod 38.

The working principle and the beneficial technical effects of the technical scheme are as follows: start second motor 25 and drive first pivot 27 rotatoryly, it is rotatory to drive third pivot 29 round the output shaft of second motor 25, the meshing of roller gear 34 and internal gear 36, third pivot 29 can the rotation simultaneously, left ring 35 and right side ring 35 are connected through first connecting rod 38, make two third pivots 29 all when two internal gear 36 have enough to meet the need, still can the rotation, thereby spout the lubricating oil in the oil storage tank 30 through nozzle 32, spray lubricating oil for sprocket chain drive structure, make the transmission more smooth and steady, because the nozzle is at continuous circumferential scan, the scope of spraying is wider, increase the rotational speed of second motor 25, nozzle 32's rotation speed also can accelerate, lubricating oil is under the effect of centrifugal force, also can spray more evenly.

In one embodiment, a solenoid valve 39 is disposed on the connection pipe 31, an oil inlet pipe 40 is disposed on the oil storage tank 30, a cover 41 is disposed on the oil inlet pipe 40, the solenoid valve 39 is used for controlling the opening or closing of the lubricating oil, and the oil inlet pipe 40 is used for supplementing the lubricating oil.

In one example, further comprising a dust removal device, the dust removal device comprising: a second rotating rod 42, a second connecting rod 43, an elastic shifting rod 44, a moving plate 45 and bristles 46, wherein the outer walls of the two second sleeves 33 are respectively provided with the second rotating rod 42, one end of each of the two second rotating rods 42 is respectively vertically connected with the outer walls of the two second sleeves 33, the other ends of the two second rotating rods 42 are respectively hinged with two ends of the second connecting rod 43, the two second rotating rods 42, the first connecting rod 38 and the second connecting rod 43 form a parallelogram link mechanism, the elastic shifting rod 44 is arranged in the middle of the first connecting rod 38, one end of the elastic shifting rod 44 is vertically connected with the first connecting rod 38, the other end of the elastic shifting rod 44 can be contacted with the second connecting rod 43, the moving plate 45 is arranged on one side of the second connecting rod 43 away from the elastic shifting rod 44, the bristles 46 are arranged on the moving plate 45, an opening 47 is arranged on the outer wall of the box body 1, a filter screen 48 is arranged on the opening 47, and the brush bristles 46 are in contact with the filter screen 48.

The working principle and the beneficial technical effects of the technical scheme are as follows: when lubricating oil is sprayed, the two cylindrical gears 34 move synchronously to drive the two second rotating rods 42 to rotate simultaneously, the first connecting rod 38 also moves horizontally continuously, because the two second rotating rods 42, the first connecting rod 38 and the second connecting rod 43 form a parallelogram link mechanism, the second connecting rod 43 also moves vertically continuously, the second connecting rod 43 also moves dynamically and relatively back and forth on the upper side and the lower side of the first connecting rod 38, the elastic deflector rod 44 can impact the second connecting rod 43 to generate elastic deformation, the vertical movement of the second connecting rod 43 drives the brush bristles 46 to clean and remove dust on the surface of the filter screen 48, the filter screen is prevented from being blocked, meanwhile, the elastic deflector rod 44 impacts back and forth, the brush bristles 46 can vibrate, and dust or solid particles can be conveniently shaken off.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An elevator deceleration device, comprising: the elevator car speed reducer is characterized by comprising a box body (1), a first motor (2), a clutch (3) and a chain (4), wherein the first motor (2) is arranged outside the box body (1), an output shaft of the first motor (2) extends into the box body (1) and is connected with one end of the clutch (3), the other end of the clutch (3) is connected with an input end of a speed reduction transmission device, an output end of the speed reduction transmission device is connected with one end of the synchronous chain (4), and the other end of the synchronous chain (4) extends to the lower portion of the box body (1) and is connected with an elevator car.

2. An elevator deceleration device according to claim 1, wherein said deceleration transmission comprises: a first rotating shaft (5), a first chain wheel (6), a second rotating shaft (7), a second chain wheel (8), a third chain wheel (9), a third rotating shaft (10), a fourth chain wheel (11) and a driving gear (12),

one end, far away from the first motor (2), of the clutch (3) is connected with one end of a first rotating shaft (5), the other end of the first rotating shaft (5) is coaxially connected with a first chain wheel (6), a second rotating shaft (7) is arranged on one side of the first rotating shaft (5), the first rotating shaft (5) is parallel to the second rotating shaft (7), a second chain wheel (8) and a third chain wheel (9) are coaxially arranged on the second rotating shaft (7) respectively, the diameter of the first chain wheel (6) is smaller than that of the second chain wheel (8), and the first chain wheel (6) is connected with the second chain wheel (8) through a first chain (13);

keep away from second pivot (7) one side of first pivot (5) is provided with third pivot (10), second pivot (7) with third pivot (10) are parallel, coaxial fourth sprocket (11) and drive gear (12) of being provided with respectively on third pivot (10), the diameter of third sprocket (9) is less than the diameter of fourth sprocket (11), third sprocket (9) with fourth sprocket (11) are connected through second chain (14), drive gear (12) and synchronous chain (4) one end meshing, and synchronous chain (4) other end extends to box (1) below and is connected with elevator car top.

3. Elevator deceleration device according to claim 2, characterized in that the third shaft (10) is provided with a disc brake (15) on the end near the fourth sprocket (11).

4. An elevator deceleration device according to claim 2, characterized in that two driving gears (12) are provided on the third shaft (10), and a braking restriction device (16) is provided between or near the two driving gears (12).

5. An elevator decelerating device according to claim 2, wherein the first rotating shaft (5) is provided with first supporting seats (17) at two sides of the first chain wheel (6), the first rotating shaft (5) is rotatably connected with the first supporting seats (17), and the first supporting seats (17) are fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the box body (1).

6. An elevator decelerating device according to claim 2, wherein a second support seat (18) is provided at each end of the second rotating shaft (7), the second rotating shaft (7) is rotatably connected to the second support seat (18), and the second support seat (18) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the box body (1).

7. An elevator decelerating device according to claim 2, wherein three third bearings (19) are provided on the third shaft (10), the third shaft (10) is rotatably connected to the third bearings (19), and the third bearings (19) are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the casing (1).

8. Elevator deceleration device according to claim 2, characterized in that inside said box (1) there is provided a lubricant oil spraying device comprising: a supporting plate (20), a fixing plate (21), an L-shaped connecting rod (22), a first rotating shaft (23) and a second rotating shaft (24),

a supporting plate (20) is arranged in the box body (1), the supporting plate (20) is connected with the inner wall of the box body (1), a fixing plate (21) is arranged on one side, close to the speed reduction transmission device, of the supporting plate (20), the fixing plate (21) is parallel to the supporting plate (20), L-shaped connecting rods (22) are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the fixing plate (21), one end of each L-shaped connecting rod (22) is connected with the fixing plate (21), the other end of each L-shaped connecting rod (22) is connected with the supporting plate (20), a second motor (25) is arranged at one end of the fixing plate (21), an output shaft of the second motor (25) is coaxially connected with one end of a first rotating shaft (23), a second rotating shaft (24) is arranged at the other end of the fixing plate (21), the first rotating shaft (23) is parallel to the second rotating shaft (24), one end of the second rotating shaft (24) is rotatably connected with the fixing plate (21), the left side and the right side of the second motor (25) are respectively provided with a first round hole (26), the left side and the right side of the second rotating shaft (24) are respectively provided with a second round hole (37),

one end of the first rotating shaft (23) far away from the second motor (25) is perpendicularly connected with one end of the first rotating rod (27), the other end of the first rotating rod (27) is connected with the outer wall of the first sleeve (28), a third rotating shaft (29) is arranged in the first sleeve (28), the third rotating shaft (29) is rotatably connected with the first sleeve (28), one end of the third rotating shaft (29) is provided with an oil storage tank (30), a connecting pipe (31) is arranged on the oil storage tank (30), one end of the connecting pipe (31) is communicated with the oil storage tank (30), the other end of the connecting pipe (31) is communicated with a nozzle (32), the other end of the third rotating shaft (29) is sleeved with a second sleeve (33), the third rotating shaft (29) is rotatably connected with the second sleeve (33), and the outer wall of the second sleeve (33) is coaxially connected with a cylindrical gear (34), still the cover is equipped with ring (35) on second sleeve (33), second sleeve (33) rotate with ring (35) and are connected, the one end of backup pad (20) is provided with internal gear (36), spur gear (34) are located in internal gear (36), and with internal gear (36) meshing, first bull stick (27), first sleeve (28), third pivot (29), batch oil tank (30), connecting pipe (31), nozzle (32), second sleeve (33), spur gear (34), ring (35), internal gear (36) about the centrosymmetry of fixed plate (21) is provided with another group, and left ring (35) and ring (35) on right side are connected through first connecting rod (38).

9. An elevator deceleration device according to claim 8, wherein said connecting pipe (31) is provided with a solenoid valve (39), said oil storage tank (30) is provided with an oil inlet pipe (40), and said oil inlet pipe (40) is provided with a cover (41).

10. The elevator retarding apparatus of claim 8, further comprising a dust removal device, the dust removal device comprising: the outer walls of the two second sleeves (33) are respectively provided with a second rotating rod (42), one end of each of the two second rotating rods (42) is vertically connected with the outer wall of each of the two second sleeves (33), the other end of each of the two second rotating rods (42) is hinged with the two ends of each of the second connecting rods (43), the two second rotating rods (42), the first connecting rod (38) and the second connecting rod (43) form a parallelogram link mechanism, the middle of each of the first connecting rods (38) is provided with the elastic shifting rod (44), one end of each of the elastic shifting rods (44) is vertically connected with the corresponding first connecting rod (38), the other end of each of the elastic shifting rods (44) can be in contact with the corresponding second connecting rod (43), and the movable plate (45) is arranged on one side, away from the elastic shifting rod (44), of each of the second connecting rods (43), be provided with brush hair (46) on movable plate (45), be provided with opening (47) on the outer wall of box (1), be provided with filter screen (48) on opening (47), brush hair (46) with filter screen (48) contact.