CN113276445A - Forming method of composite material capable of being pressed in all directions - Google Patents
Forming method of composite material capable of being pressed in all directions Download PDFInfo
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- CN113276445A CN113276445A CN202110672931.6A CN202110672931A CN113276445A CN 113276445 A CN113276445 A CN 113276445A CN 202110672931 A CN202110672931 A CN 202110672931A CN 113276445 A CN113276445 A CN 113276445A
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- composite material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
- B29C70/345—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using matched moulds
Abstract
The invention relates to a composite material forming method capable of being pressed in all directions. The method comprises the following steps: providing a molding tool which comprises an upper half mold, a lower half mold and a liquid closed cavity for filling liquid materials, wherein a molding mold cavity is formed between the upper half mold and the lower half mold, the liquid closed cavity is positioned in the molding mold cavity, and a composite material cavity for paving is formed between the liquid closed cavity and the molding mold cavity; and (3) forming the composite material by adopting a forming tool: filling a liquid material into the liquid closed cavity, paving the material in the material cavity in a reciprocating manner, then heating the tool and applying pressure to the tool to cure the paved composite material raw material, wherein in the pressure applying process, the liquid material in the liquid closed cavity transmits the pressure in all directions after being pressed, so that the composite material raw material can be pressed in all directions. The invention can realize the uniform pressurization of the composite material, improve the internal quality of the composite material, reduce the forming difficulty of the process and provide a new idea for the forming of the composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material compression molding forming processes, and particularly relates to a composite material forming method capable of realizing all-directional compression.
Background
The composite material compression molding process is an important component of the composite material molding process and is a common process method, but the process molding method can only provide one-way force, and the molding tool can only bear the force in the vertical direction, so that uniform pressurization during the molding of the composite material cannot be realized. For this reason, the prior art has provided non-vertical pressure by various methods such as silicone rubber-assisted molding, air bag-assisted molding, etc., giving the molding process different molding forms and unexpected effects. However, the above methods have their respective disadvantages.
Auxiliary die pressing with silicone rubber: the method mainly depends on the action of heated volume expansion of the silicon rubber, utilizes the heated physical property of the rubber to calculate the relationship between the rubber expansion force and the reserved gap, and is not only required to depend on the support of a trial and error method and experience, but also limited by the type of the rubber and the external conditions; in actual use, the process environment and the product quality are prone to batch fluctuations.
And (3) auxiliary die pressing of an air bag: this relies primarily on air pressure to provide internal pressure, external pressure compacting the material; however, this method requires an external pressurizing device to provide pressure, and is limited by the conditions of the device, so that it is not possible to provide high pressure, and the volume of gas filled in the airbag is reduced with the increase of the external pressure, which is not suitable in practical use.
In order to overcome the disadvantage of the unidirectional vertical pressure in the conventional molding process and improve the limitations of silicone rubber auxiliary molding and air bag auxiliary molding, it is very necessary to provide a composite material molding method using liquid phase material as the main part for internal pressure transmission.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a composite material forming method capable of being pressed in all directions. The method of the invention brings the liquid substance into the design of the tool, and utilizes the characteristic that the liquid substance belongs to an incompressible body and can transmit pressure to all directions under the action of pressure, thereby realizing the lateral pressurization of the tool when the composite material is molded by compression, realizing the uniform pressurization of the composite material, improving the internal quality of the composite material, reducing the molding difficulty of the process and providing a new idea for the molding of the composite material.
The invention provides a composite material molding method capable of being pressed in all directions, which comprises the following steps:
(1) providing a composite material forming tool: the composite material forming tool comprises an upper half die, a lower half die and a liquid closed cavity for filling liquid materials, wherein a forming die cavity is formed between the upper half die and the lower half die, the liquid closed cavity is positioned in the forming die cavity, and a composite material cavity for laying composite material raw materials is formed between the liquid closed cavity and the forming die cavity;
(2) adopting the composite material forming tool to carry out composite material forming: filling a liquid material into the liquid closed cavity, paving a composite material raw material into the composite material cavity, heating the composite material molding tool to a molding temperature, and pressing the composite material molding tool to cure the composite material raw material in the composite material cavity; in the pressure application process, after the liquid material in the liquid closed cavity is pressed, the pressure is transmitted in all directions, so that the raw material of the composite material is pressed in all directions, and the composite material is obtained through molding.
Preferably, the liquid closed cavity is made of a flexible material; the flexible material is rubber and/or plastic.
Preferably, the flexible material is one or more of ethylene propylene diene monomer, nitrile rubber, natural rubber, chloroprene rubber and silicone rubber; preferably, the maximum elongation at break of the flexible material is 300-1000%, and the Shore hardness is 10-90 degrees; more preferably, the maximum breaking elongation of the flexible material is 800-1000%, and the Shore hardness is 30-60 degrees.
Preferably, the liquid material is one or more of water, oil, wax, and a high-temperature melting alloy material.
Preferably, the upper mold half and/or the lower mold half are made of one or more of steel, aluminum, glass fiber reinforced plastic and carbon fiber materials.
Preferably, the pressing direction is perpendicular to both the composite material forming tool and the liquid closed cavity.
Preferably, a reserved hole is reserved in the center of the upper half mold and/or the lower half mold, and a pressure transmission block for pressure transmission is installed in the reserved hole; in the pressing process, the pressure transmission block is pressed to move downwards to enter the forming die cavity, and the forming die cavity is provided with a pressure stroke space for the pressure transmission block to move downwards.
Preferably, the downward amount of the pressure transmission block descending after being pressed is 30-80% of the height of the composite material when the composite material is vertically placed, and preferably 30-50%; the height of the pressure transmission block is 10-50% of the height of the composite material when the composite material is vertically placed, and the preferable height is 25-30%; the hole area of the preformed hole is 10-100% of the cross-sectional area of the upper half mold or the lower half mold, preferably 50-90%; and/or the sectional shape of the preformed hole is a circle, a rounded rectangle, a rounded triangle, a rounded trapezoid or a rounded multi-figure combined figure, preferably, the sectional shape of the preformed hole is a circle, a rounded rectangle, a rounded triangle or a rounded trapezoid.
Preferably, the liquid closed cavity comprises a pressure bearing area which is used for being jointed and pressed with the pressure transmission block and a transmission function area which is used for transmitting the pressure on the pressure bearing area in all directions.
Preferably, the height of the pressure bearing area is 10% -50% of the height of the composite material when the composite material is vertically placed, and 20% -40% is preferred.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method of the invention is a new method for combining the liquid phase part with the traditional mould pressing tool by taking the liquid phase material as the main part of internal pressure transmission in order to overcome the defect of unidirectional vertical pressure in the traditional mould pressing process and improve the limitation of silicon rubber auxiliary mould pressing and air bag auxiliary mould pressing; the invention changes the original composite material molding method by utilizing solid and semi-solid tools, liquid substance is also brought into the tools for composite material compression molding, the liquid substance belongs to an incompressible body and can generate pressure transmission in all directions under the pressure effect, and in the invention, because the liquid has fluidity and automatically flows to an area with lower pressure to keep the self pressure in a more consistent state, the liquid closed cavity filled with the liquid material and the pressure-applying pressure have the characteristic of shape following, the liquid material can be filled along with the change of the pressure-applying pressure, so that the lateral uniform pressurization of the molding tools can be realized, but the invention utilizes the characteristics that the liquid has fluidity, automatically flows to the area with lower pressure and is the incompressible body, the liquid is brought into the tools for compression molding, forming a new method for molding the composite material capable of being pressed in all directions.
(2) The method of the invention is to firstly blend the liquid substance into the forming process method of the composite material, and utilizes the anisotropic transmission of the force generated after the liquid substance is pressed to realize the different pressing requirements of the composite material; the method can realize uniform pressurization of the composite material, improve the internal quality of the composite material, reduce the forming difficulty of the process, provide the qualified rate of the product forming of the composite material, and provide a new idea for the forming of the composite material.
Drawings
The drawings of the present invention are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the sizes and proportions of the parts in the drawings are not necessarily consistent with those of an actual product.
Fig. 1 is a figure (three-dimensional perspective view) showing a composite product formed by the composite forming method capable of anisotropic pressing in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a top view of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a liquid-sealed cavity included in a composite material molding tool in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a side view of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper mold half included in a composite material molding tool in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower mold half included in a composite material molding tool in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the pressure transfer block installed in the upper mold half in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower mold half included in a composite material molding tool in example 2 of the present invention from another perspective.
In the figure: 1: a liquid-sealed cavity; 2: an upper half mold; 3: a lower half mold; 4: reserving a hole; 5: a pressure transfer block.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a composite material molding method capable of being pressed in all directions, which comprises the following steps:
(1) providing a composite material forming tool: for example, as shown in fig. 4, 6 and 7, the composite material molding tool includes an upper mold half, a lower mold half and a liquid closed cavity for filling a liquid material, a molding mold cavity is formed between the upper mold half and the lower mold half, the liquid closed cavity is located in the molding mold cavity, and a composite material cavity for laying a composite material raw material is formed between the liquid closed cavity and the molding mold cavity, that is, the composite material cavity is located outside the liquid closed cavity; in the invention, the composite material forming tool is a composite material forming die; in the invention, the raw material for laying the composite material can be abbreviated as laying material; in the invention, the upper half mold and the lower half mold are detachably connected, and the upper half mold and the lower half mold can transmit pressure to a liquid closed cavity positioned in the forming cavity; in the present invention, the composite cavity (also referred to as a product cavity portion) refers to a portion where the raw material of the composite material is placed, and refers to a space portion of the shape reserved for the composite product, which is used for ensuring the final shape of the composite product; in the present invention, it is preferable that the liquid-tight cavity is disposed inside the composite cavity, and of course, the liquid-tight cavity may be disposed outside the composite cavity.
(2) Adopting the composite material forming tool provided in the step (1) to form a composite material: filling a liquid material into the liquid closed cavity, paving a composite material raw material into the composite material cavity, heating the composite material molding tool to a molding temperature, and pressing the composite material molding tool to cure the composite material raw material in the composite material cavity; in the pressing process, after the liquid material in the liquid closed cavity is pressed, the pressure is transmitted in all directions (the pressure is transmitted in all directions), so that the raw material of the composite material is pressed in all directions, and the composite material (also called as a composite material product) is obtained through molding; in the invention, the molding process sequence of the composite material is as follows: placing a liquid or material with a specified shape into a liquid closed cavity, spreading, heating, pressurizing, curing and demolding to obtain the composite material product.
The method of the invention is to seal the liquid substance in the composite material forming mould, when the mould is applied with vertical force, the pressure is transferred to the liquid substance, and the liquid substance transfers the force to all directions, thus achieving the purpose of transferring the force in all directions; the method of the invention is a new method for combining the liquid phase part with the traditional mould pressing tool by taking the liquid phase material as the main part of internal pressure transmission in order to overcome the defect of unidirectional vertical pressure in the traditional mould pressing process and improve the limitation of silicon rubber auxiliary mould pressing and air bag auxiliary mould pressing; the invention changes the original composite material molding method by utilizing solid and semi-solid tools, liquid substance is also brought into the tools for composite material compression molding, the liquid substance belongs to an incompressible body and can generate pressure transmission in all directions under the pressure effect, and in the invention, because the liquid has fluidity and automatically flows to an area with lower pressure to keep the self pressure in a more consistent state, the liquid closed cavity filled with the liquid material and the pressure-applying pressure have the characteristic of shape following, the liquid material can be filled along with the change of the pressure-applying pressure, so that the lateral uniform pressurization of the molding tools can be realized, but the invention utilizes the characteristics that the liquid has fluidity, automatically flows to the area with lower pressure and is the incompressible body, the liquid is brought into the tools for compression molding, forming a new method for molding the composite material capable of being pressed in all directions. The method of the invention is to firstly blend the liquid substance into the forming process method of the composite material, and utilizes the anisotropic transmission of the force generated after the liquid substance is pressed to realize the different pressing requirements of the composite material; the method can realize uniform pressurization of the composite material, improve the internal quality of the composite material, reduce the forming difficulty of the process, provide the qualified rate of the forming of the composite material product and provide a new thought for the forming of the composite material; the invention is suitable for the molding process condition in the high-temperature environment and the semi-closed cavity product with a complex structure.
According to some preferred embodiments, the liquid-tight chamber is made of a flexible material; in the invention, the liquid closed cavity is a flexible closed cavity made of flexible materials, and the whole liquid closed cavity needs to be placed inside a composite material forming tool made of rigid materials; the flexible material is rubber and/or plastic.
According to some preferred embodiments, the flexible material is one or more of ethylene propylene diene monomer, nitrile rubber, natural rubber, neoprene rubber and silicone rubber, and in some preferred embodiments, the flexible material is one or more of ethylene propylene diene monomer, neoprene rubber and nitrile rubber; preferably, the maximum elongation at break of the flexible material is 300-1000%, and the Shore hardness is 10-90 degrees; more preferably, the maximum elongation at break of the flexible material is 800-1000%, and the shore hardness is 30-60 degrees; in the invention, the flexible material wraps a high-pressure liquid material, and also gives enough pressure to an external product, certain extension and hardness are required, the flexible material with better flexibility and rigidity is preferably adopted, and in the invention, the maximum breaking elongation of the flexible material is preferably 300-1000%, and the Shore hardness is 10-90 degrees.
According to some preferred embodiments, the liquid material is one or more of water, oil, wax, and a high temperature melting alloy material.
The invention has no special requirements on the material adopted by the upper half mould and/or the lower half mould; in some preferred embodiments, the upper mold half and/or the lower mold half are made of one or more of steel, aluminum, glass fiber reinforced plastic, and carbon fiber materials.
According to some preferred embodiments, the pressing direction is perpendicular to both the composite material forming tool and the liquid closed cavity.
According to some preferred embodiments, for example, as shown in fig. 6, a reserved hole is reserved in the center of the upper mold half and/or the lower mold half, in the present invention, the reserved hole may be selected from the upper mold half, the lower mold half, or both the upper and lower mold halves, preferably one reserved in the upper mold half; a pressure transmission block for pressure transmission is installed in the prepared hole, the pressure transmission block serves as a pressure transmission part, and the structure of the pressure transmission block can be shown in fig. 8; in the invention, the pressure transmission direction of the pressure transmission block only refers to the direction vertical to the composite material forming tool, namely the force applied to the composite material forming tool is the force in the vertical direction; during the pressing process, the pressure transmission block is pressed to move downwards into the forming die cavity, and a pressure stroke space (also called as a pressure stroke part) for the pressure transmission block to move downwards is arranged in the forming die cavity; in the present invention, the pressure stroke part is mainly used for the involution of the upper half mould and the lower half mould and the maintenance of the external profile of the composite material product, and the proper compression space is given to the composite material raw material.
According to some preferred embodiments, the downward quantity of the pressure transmission block descending after being pressed is the composite material sag30% to 80% (e.g., 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, or 80%) of the height (predetermined height) when placed straight is preferably 30% to 50% (e.g., 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%); in the invention, the external pressure is vertical, and the height of the composite material parallel to the vertical direction is the height of the composite material when the composite material is vertically placed; in the present invention, taking the composite material product with the shape of fig. 1 as an example, the dimensions in the transverse direction and the vertical direction in fig. 1 may be the same, and taking the product shape illustrated in fig. 1 as an example, the height of the composite material when it is vertically placed is the height h in the vertical direction illustrated in fig. 11. In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the height of the composite material when it is vertically placed refers to a preset height of the composite material when it is vertically placed before the composite material is molded; in the present invention, the upper and lower mold halves require a reserved compression space to accommodate a sufficient material compression ratio. In the invention, considering that the structure is complex, the compressibility is increased due to the liquid hollow material and the like, namely the compression stroke is increased, in the invention, the downward quantity of the pressure transmission block which descends after being compressed is preferably 30-80% of the height (preset height) of the composite material when the composite material is vertically placed; in the invention, when the upper half die and the lower half die are closed in place, the pressure is increased from the inside by partially compressing the liquid material in the cavity by the pressure transmission block, and the height direction is a range which is set by setting the compression ratio of the material to be about 30-80 percent; the height (thickness) of the pressure transfer block is preferably from 25% to 30% of the height of the composite material when placed vertically (e.g. 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% or 50%); the hole area of the preformed hole is 10% to 100% (e.g., 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%) of the cross-sectional area of the upper mold half or the lower mold half, preferably 50% to 90% (e.g., 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%); and/or the pre-treatmentThe sectional shape of preformed hole is circular, fillet rectangle, fillet triangle, fillet trapezoid or many figure combination figures of fillet, and it is preferred that the sectional shape of preformed hole is circular, fillet rectangle, fillet triangle or fillet trapezoid.
In some particular embodiments, the upper and lower mold halves, which are removably connected, are considered to constitute a pressure stroke-transferring portion that can transfer pressure to a liquid-tight cavity located inside a molding cavity formed between the upper and lower mold halves; a reserved hole is reserved in the center of the upper half mold and/or the lower half mold, the reserved hole can be reserved on the upper half mold, the lower half mold or both the upper half mold and the lower half mold, and preferably one reserved hole is reserved on the upper half mold; the sectional shape of the preformed hole is a circle, a rounded rectangle, a rounded triangle, a rounded trapezoid or a rounded multi-figure combined figure, preferably, the sectional shape of the preformed hole is a circle, a rounded rectangle, a rounded triangle or a rounded trapezoid, and the hole area of the preformed hole is 10% -100% of the sectional area of the upper half mold or the lower half mold, preferably 50% -90%; a pressure transmission block for pressure transmission is installed in the prepared hole, the pressure transmission block serves as a pressure transmission part, and the structure of the pressure transmission block can be shown in fig. 8; the pressure transmission block is a force transmission part arranged on the reserved hole position; the cross-sectional shape of the briquetting transfer block is consistent with that of the preformed hole, and the height of the pressure transfer block is 10-50% of the height (vertical placement) of the composite material product, preferably 25-30%. During the pressing process, the pressure transmission block is pressed to descend into the forming die cavity, the forming die cavity is provided with a pressure stroke space (also called as a pressure stroke part) for descending the pressure transmission block, and the descending amount of the pressure transmission block after being pressed is 30% -80% (such as 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75% or 80%) of the height of the composite material when the composite material is vertically placed, preferably 30% -50%.
According to some preferred embodiments, the liquid-tight chamber comprises a pressure sensor for detecting the pressureThe transfer block is attached to the pressed pressure bearing area and a transfer function area for transferring the pressure on the pressure bearing area in all directions; in the invention, preferably, the liquid closed cavity is a rubber shell with an external closed part, and the liquid closed cavity comprises a pressure bearing area and a transfer function area; the pressure bearing area is a part directly pressed when a press or a die is pressed, the profile of the part is close to the corresponding part of the press or the die and can be kept in close fit, namely the pressure bearing area is a part which is used for being fitted and pressed with the pressure transmission part (pressure transmission block); in the present invention, the height of the pressure bearing zone is 10% to 50% (e.g. 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% or 50%), preferably 20% to 40% (e.g. 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% or 40%) of the height (vertically placed) of the composite product; in the invention, the height of the pressure bearing area can be selected according to the compression ratio of the composite material; the transfer function area is a function area which transfers pressure to peripheral pressure by means of the function of each direction transfer of the liquid material so as to realize pressurization of the composite material; the shape of the transfer function area is consistent with the profile of the contacted composite material product so as to form a preset profile of the composite material product; in the invention, the pressure bearing area and the transfer function area can be consistent in structure and size, for example, and do not need to be distinguished, only the part for jointing and pressing the pressure transfer part is the pressure bearing area, and the other part of the liquid closed cavity is the transfer function area for transferring the pressure borne by the pressure bearing area in all directions; in the present invention, e.g. h as schematically shown in FIG. 52Indicating the height of the straight section of the pressure bearing zone.
In the invention, the stroke sequence after the composite material molding tool is pressed is, for example: the pressure transmission part is pressed and provides pressure for the pressure bearing area of the liquid closed cavity, then the pressure bearing area of the liquid closed cavity provides pressure for the transmission function area of the liquid closed cavity, and then the transmission function area transmits the pressure to the peripheral pressure by means of the function of all-directional transmission of the liquid material, so that all parts of the composite raw material are uniformly pressed in the forming process.
According to some preferred embodiments, the height of the pressure bearing zone is 10% to 50% (e.g. 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% or 50%) of the height (predetermined height) of the composite material when vertically placed, preferably 20% to 40%.
According to some preferred embodiments, during the descending process of the pressure transmission block, the height of the straight section of the liquid closed cavity is greater than the descending amount of the pressure transmission block descending after being pressed, so that the internal composite cavity can be closed before the pressure transmission block and the pressure bearing area of the liquid closed cavity transmit force; in the present invention, the straight section of the liquid-tight chamber refers to the straight section illustrated in fig. 4 and 5, and the straight section may correspond to the straight section of the pressure-bearing area or the straight section of the functional transfer area, and there is no need to distinguish the pressure-bearing area from the functional transfer area, which depends on the product requirement.
The invention will be further illustrated by way of example, but the scope of protection is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
The product modeling size is as follows: a round thin-wall barrel with the height of 300mm, the outer diameter of 190mm and the thickness of 2 mm.
The key dimension and information of the product tool (composite material forming tool) are as follows:
the composite material forming tool comprises an upper half die, a lower half die and a liquid sealing cavity, wherein the upper half die, the lower half die and the liquid sealing cavity are detachably connected, the liquid sealing cavity is used for filling liquid materials, a forming die cavity is formed between the upper half die and the lower half die, the liquid sealing cavity is located in the forming die cavity, and the liquid sealing cavity and the forming die cavity form a composite material cavity for laying raw materials of composite materials.
The liquid sealed cavity body seals the oil, the shape of the liquid sealed cavity body is consistent with the size of the inner cavity of the product, and the shell body part of the liquid sealed cavity body is processed by utilizing nitrile rubber. The maximum elongation at break of the nitrile rubber is 800%, and the Shore hardness is 40 degrees; the liquid material is selected from hydraulic oil. The height of the pressure-bearing area of the liquid closed cavity is 20 percent of the height of the product, namely 60 mm.
Said upper and lower mold halves forming a pressure stroke-transmitting portion which transmits pressure to a liquid-tight cavity located inside a molding cavity formed between said upper and lower mold halves; the sizes of the outer cavities of the products formed by the inner cavities after the upper half mold and the lower half mold are combined are consistent. A preformed hole is reserved in the center of the upper half die; the preformed hole is internally provided with a pressure transmission block for pressure transmission, the pressure transmission block is used as a pressure transmission part, and the distance between the upper half die and the lower half die is about 90mm (the descending amount of the pressure transmission block) after the laying is finished so as to accommodate enough material compression ratio. The preformed hole reserved on the upper half mold is circular, is concentric with the inner cavity of the product and has the diameter of 100 mm. The pressure transmission part is matched with the hole position of the upper half mold, the size is consistent, and the height is 80 mm.
Adopting the composite material forming tool to carry out composite material forming: the selected material is medium-temperature epoxy prepreg, the curing temperature is 150 ℃, namely, when the material is heated to 140 ℃, the material starts to be pressurized until the pressure is increased to 150 ℃ and the full pressure is added, and the pressure is increased to more than 100 tons. In particular, in the present invention, ton is a unit of weight, but in the present invention, ton is used to indicate the magnitude of pressure.
After the embodiment is implemented, the process difficulty of preparing the revolving body by the die pressing process is changed, the cost of the forming process is reduced, and the quantitative production is facilitated. Compared with the common die pressing process, the cost is reduced by about one third, and the efficiency is improved by more than two times.
Example 2
The product is shaped as a hollow thin-wall part with the dimension height (height in the vertical direction) of 200mm, the dimension of 100mm multiplied by 50mm and the thickness of 3mm as shown in figure 1.
The key dimension and information of the product tool (composite material forming tool) are as follows:
the composite material forming tool comprises an upper half die, a lower half die and a liquid sealing cavity, wherein the upper half die, the lower half die and the liquid sealing cavity are detachably connected, the liquid sealing cavity is used for filling liquid materials, a forming die cavity is formed between the upper half die and the lower half die, the liquid sealing cavity is located in the forming die cavity, and the liquid sealing cavity and the forming die cavity form a composite material cavity for laying raw materials of composite materials.
The liquid sealed cavity body seals the oil, the shape of the liquid sealed cavity body is consistent with the size of the inner cavity of the product, and the shell body part of the liquid sealed cavity body is processed by ethylene propylene diene monomer. The maximum elongation at break of the ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber is 900 percent, and the Shore hardness is 50 degrees. The liquid material is selected from solid tin alloy which is melted at 100 ℃. Due to the complicated shape of the product and the large hollow projection, the required pressure is high, so the height of the pressure-bearing area is 40% of the height, i.e. 80 mm. Said upper and lower mold halves forming a pressure stroke-transmitting portion which transmits pressure to a liquid-tight cavity located inside a molding cavity formed between said upper and lower mold halves; the sizes of the outer cavities of the products formed by the inner cavities after the upper half mold and the lower half mold are combined are consistent. A preformed hole is reserved in the center of the upper half die; the pressure transmission block used for pressure transmission is installed in the preformed hole and is used as a pressure transmission part, the shape is complex, and the distance between the upper half die and the lower half die is about 100mm (the descending amount of the pressure transmission block) after the paving and the pasting are finished so as to accommodate enough material compression ratio. The preformed hole reserved on the upper half mold is square (round corner rectangle) and is concentric with the inner cavity of the product, and the diameter of the preformed hole is 80mm multiplied by 40 mm. The pressure transmission part is matched with the hole position of the upper half mold, the size is consistent, and the height is selected to be 60 mm.
Adopting the composite material forming tool to carry out composite material forming: the selected material is high-temperature epoxy prepreg, the curing temperature is 180 ℃, namely, the tin alloy is melted when the material is heated to 100 ℃, the tin alloy is completely melted when the temperature is 120 ℃, and the pressure is started until the temperature is 180 ℃ and the full pressure is applied, wherein the pressure is more than 300 tons.
After the embodiment is implemented, a multi-cavity part which is difficult to realize by a mould pressing process can be easily finished, the complicated process requirements are removed, and the forming efficiency and the forming quality are improved. Compared with the common die pressing process, the cost is reduced by one fifth, and the efficiency is improved by more than four times.
The invention has not been described in detail and is in part known to those of skill in the art.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of forming an anisotropically compressible composite, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) providing a composite material forming tool: the composite material forming tool comprises an upper half die, a lower half die and a liquid closed cavity for filling liquid materials, wherein a forming die cavity is formed between the upper half die and the lower half die, the liquid closed cavity is positioned in the forming die cavity, and a composite material cavity for laying composite material raw materials is formed between the liquid closed cavity and the forming die cavity;
(2) adopting the composite material forming tool to carry out composite material forming: filling a liquid material into the liquid closed cavity, paving a composite material raw material into the composite material cavity, heating the composite material molding tool to a molding temperature, and pressing the composite material molding tool to cure the composite material raw material in the composite material cavity; in the pressure application process, after the liquid material in the liquid closed cavity is pressed, the pressure is transmitted in all directions, so that the raw material of the composite material is pressed in all directions, and the composite material is obtained through molding.
2. The composite material molding method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the liquid closed cavity is made of flexible materials;
the flexible material is rubber and/or plastic.
3. The composite material molding method according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the flexible material is one or more of ethylene propylene diene monomer, nitrile rubber, natural rubber, chloroprene rubber and silicon rubber;
preferably, the maximum elongation at break of the flexible material is 300-1000%, and the Shore hardness is 10-90 degrees;
more preferably, the maximum breaking elongation of the flexible material is 800-1000%, and the Shore hardness is 30-60 degrees.
4. The composite material molding method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the liquid material is one or more of water, oil, wax and high-temperature molten alloy material.
5. The composite material molding method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the upper half mold and/or the lower half mold are made of one or more materials of steel, aluminum, glass fiber reinforced plastic and carbon fiber materials.
6. The composite material molding method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the pressing direction is perpendicular to the composite material forming tool and the liquid closed cavity.
7. The composite material molding method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that:
a preformed hole is reserved in the center of the upper half mold and/or the lower half mold, and a pressure transmission block for pressure transmission is installed in the preformed hole;
in the pressing process, the pressure transmission block is pressed to move downwards to enter the forming die cavity, and the forming die cavity is provided with a pressure stroke space for the pressure transmission block to move downwards.
8. The composite molding method according to claim 7, characterized in that:
the descending amount of the pressure transmission block after being pressed is 30-80% of the height of the composite material when the composite material is vertically placed, and the preferential descending amount is 30-50%; and/or
The height of the pressure transmission block is 10-50% of the height of the composite material when the composite material is vertically placed, and 25-30% is preferable.
9. The composite molding method according to claim 7, characterized in that:
the hole area of the preformed hole is 10-100% of the cross-sectional area of the upper half mold or the lower half mold, preferably 50-90%; and/or
The sectional shape of preformed hole is circular, fillet rectangle, fillet triangle, fillet trapezoid or many figure combination figures of fillet, and it is preferred that the sectional shape of preformed hole is circular, fillet rectangle, fillet triangle or fillet trapezoid.
10. The composite molding method according to claim 7, characterized in that:
the liquid closed cavity comprises a pressure bearing area which is used for being attached to and pressed by the pressure transmission block and a transmission function area which is used for transmitting the pressure borne by the pressure bearing area in all directions.
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| WO2011083331A2 (en) * | 2010-01-06 | 2011-07-14 | Mark Seddon | Moulded plastic articles and a method and apparatus of moulding plastics of particular application in the moulding of thermosetting plastics |
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| CN113276445B (en) | 2022-07-08 |
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