CN113275590B - Method for preparing component with through cavity by direct-writing printing and pressure sintering - Google Patents
Method for preparing component with through cavity by direct-writing printing and pressure sintering Download PDFInfo
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- CN113275590B CN113275590B CN202110460019.4A CN202110460019A CN113275590B CN 113275590 B CN113275590 B CN 113275590B CN 202110460019 A CN202110460019 A CN 202110460019A CN 113275590 B CN113275590 B CN 113275590B
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- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002490 spark plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001272 pressureless sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004552 water soluble powder Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
- B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
- B22F2005/103—Cavity made by removal of insert
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a component with a through cavity by direct-write printing and pressure sintering, which comprises the steps of mixing dichloromethane and a high polymer material to obtain a binder solution; mechanically stirring the binder solution and the component material in a sealed environment to obtain component slurry; mechanically stirring the binder solution and a pore-forming agent in a sealed environment to obtain pore-forming agent slurry; thickening the component slurry and the pore-forming agent slurry, and respectively filling the thickened component slurry and the thickened pore-forming agent slurry into a first printing needle cylinder and a second printing needle cylinder of a direct-writing printer to obtain a completely filled component blank; removing the binder of the component blank by thermal degreasing, so that the target component only contains component materials, and the cavity filling body only contains pore-forming agents; consolidating the member blank subjected to thermal degreasing through pressure sintering, and removing a cavity filling body in the member blank to obtain a member with a through cavity; the component obtains more uniform microstructure and higher compactness, thereby obtaining more excellent mechanical property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of cavity components, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a cavity component by combining direct-writing printing and pressure sintering.
Background
At present, with the development of the application field of cavity components, higher requirements are put on the cavity components, for example, the complexity of the cavity components and the mechanical properties of materials are continuously improved, and the traditional production process can not meet the requirements when the components are prepared. With the development of 3D printing technology, high-energy beam-based 3D printing technology such as selective laser melting, selective laser sintering and electron beam melting has the capability of preparing a complex cavity component with partial ceramic and metal as raw materials; however, the rapid and highly localized heating and cooling during their printing makes the printed components vulnerable to residual stresses, unfused powder particles and micro-cracks and pores, which results in the performance of the components being not guaranteed; in addition, the printing technology based on high-energy beams is difficult to form partial metal, ceramic and composite materials, and the range of the printing materials is greatly limited; therefore, the application of the high-energy beam 3D printing cavity member is greatly limited.
The direct-write printing technology can well solve the problem of microstructure regulation and is suitable for various materials. Preparing metal, ceramic or composite powder and the like into slurry, then controlling the slurry to extrude the slurry from a fine nozzle into wires, solidifying and depositing the wires, performing single-layer printing, then stacking the wires layer by layer to prepare a blank with a fine structure, and finally preparing a structural member by thermal degreasing and sintering; the material of the technology has extremely strong applicability, common metal and ceramic powder can be prepared into slurry, the printed green body is densified in a sintering mode, and the microstructure of a component can be accurately adjusted. However, the existing direct-writing printed product is always prepared by a pressureless sintering process, the process has slow temperature rise and fall rate and long sintering time, which can cause coarse crystal grains and poor density of the component, and the obtained component has poor mechanical property and can only be used as a non-bearing component.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the existing direct-writing printing component and provides a method for preparing a component with a through cavity by direct-writing printing and pressure sintering.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a component with a through cavity by direct-write printing and pressure sintering, which adopts the technical scheme that the method sequentially comprises the following steps of:
step (1): mixing dichloromethane and a high polymer material by mechanical stirring to obtain a binder solution;
step (2): mechanically stirring the binder solution and a component material in a sealed environment to obtain component slurry;
and (3): mechanically stirring the binder solution and a pore-forming agent in a sealed environment to obtain pore-forming agent slurry;
and (4): thickening the component slurry and the pore-forming agent slurry;
and (5): respectively filling the thickened component slurry and the thickened pore-forming agent slurry into a first printing needle cylinder and a second printing needle cylinder of a direct-writing printer, printing a target component by using a first printing needle head, and filling a cavity of the component by using a second printing needle head to form a cavity filling body to obtain a completely filled component blank;
and (6): removing the binder of the member blank by thermal degreasing, so that the target member only contains a member material, and the cavity filling body only contains a pore-forming agent;
and (7): placing the member blank subjected to thermal degreasing in a graphite mold, consolidating the blank by pressure sintering, cooling to room temperature after pressure sintering, and taking out;
and (8): and removing the cavity filling body in the component blank obtained after the pressure sintering to obtain the component with the through cavity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts the pressure sintering process to densify the blank, so that the component can obtain more uniform microstructure and higher density, thereby obtaining more excellent mechanical property.
2. The die cavity component capable of printing various materials has strong material adaptability, and direct-writing printing is used for printing the die cavity component for ceramic, metal and composite materials which are difficult to print by a high-energy beam 3D printing technology, so that the advantages of the die cavity component are exerted.
3. According to the invention, a high-strength and easily-removed pore-forming agent is selected as a cavity filling material to prepare a component with a cavity filling body inside, and the cavity filling body is removed through post-treatment processes such as dissolution or calcination, so that direct-writing printing of the component with a through cavity is realized, and the method is applied to various occasions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a printing state of a component blank with a cavity filler.
Detailed Description
According to the invention, the pore-forming agent slurry is prepared to serve as a filling material of a through cavity of a component, the 3D printing model is designed to be a component model with a cavity filling body, then the model is led into a multi-head direct-writing printer to prepare a component blank with the cavity filling body, and finally the cavity filling body is removed after the pressure sintering densification to obtain the through cavity component. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. and (3) preparing a binder solution. Dichloromethane is used as an organic solvent for dissolving high molecular materials, the high molecular materials can be polylactic acid, polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer, polymethyl methacrylate and the like, and the dichloromethane with the volume ratio of 15-15. After stirring, the adhesive solution is sealed, stored and kept stand for 6-12 h before use.
2. And preparing component slurry. The component material can be selected from metal powder, ceramic powder and composite powder, the particle size of the powder is less than 10 mu m, the binder solution with the volume ratio of 8:1-10 is fully and mechanically stirred with the component material in a sealed environment to obtain component slurry, the stirring time is 1-3 h, and the rotating speed of a stirring head is 300-600 r/min; after preparation, the component slurry was stored in a sealed container.
3. And (3) preparing pore-forming agent slurry. The pore-forming agent is prepared from water-soluble powder such as sodium chloride, calcium chloride and sodium sulfate, burnable powder such as graphite and carbon powder, the particle size of the powder is less than 10 mu m, the binder solution and the pore-forming agent in a volume ratio of 8:1-10 are fully and mechanically stirred in a sealed environment to obtain pore-forming agent slurry, the stirring time is 1-3 h, and the rotation speed of a stirring head is 300-600 r/min. After the preparation is finished, the pore-forming agent slurry is stored in a sealed container.
4. And (4) thickening the slurry. Starting a ventilation and air exchange device, opening a sealed container of the stored component slurry and the stored pore-forming agent slurry, and mechanically stirring the two slurries under the ventilation and air exchange device respectively, wherein the rotating speed of a mechanical stirring head is set to be 300-600 r/min, and the time is 0.5-2 h, so that the component slurry and the pore-forming agent slurry are thickened, and the concentrations of the thickened component slurry and the thickened pore-forming agent slurry are both 90-95%. And after thickening is finished, closing the ventilation and air exchange device, and hermetically storing the finally obtained thickened component slurry and the thickened pore-forming agent slurry.
5. Preparation of the multi-head direct-write printer. The adopted direct-writing printer is an existing pneumatic type extrusion printer, the printing arm can move in the vertical direction and the left-right direction, the working platform can move in the front-back direction, the pneumatic type extrusion printer is provided with a pneumatic control device, the thickened component slurry and the thickened pore-forming agent slurry can be sequentially extruded and switched according to a program during printing, two printing needle cylinders are installed on the printing arm of the direct-writing printer and are respectively a first printing needle cylinder and a second printing needle cylinder, and the two printing needle cylinders are respectively used for filling the thickened component slurry and the thickened pore-forming agent slurry. The centers of the two printing cylinders are 10cm apart.
As shown in fig. 2, a first printing needle 1 and a second printing needle 2 are respectively installed on the first printing needle cylinder and the second printing needle cylinder, the thickened component slurry is extruded into a filament from an outlet of the first printing needle 1, the thickened pore-forming agent slurry is extruded into a filament from an outlet of the second printing needle 2, the inner diameters of the first printing needle 1 and the second printing needle 2 are determined according to the fineness of the required components, and the inner diameter can be 0.2-1 mm. The direct-writing printer can calculate respective advancing routes according to the center distances of the first printing needle head 1 and the second printing needle head 2, the printing arms, the working platform and the pneumatic control device work in a coordinated mode during printing, and two kinds of sizing agents are extruded into threads according to the sequence set by a program and then are stacked at corresponding positions. Before printing, the thickened component slurry and the thickened pore-forming agent slurry are respectively filled into a first printing needle cylinder and a second printing needle cylinder.
6. Design of a component model with a cavity filler. A component model with cavity filler was modeled using three-dimensional software. In order to meet the requirement that the cavity component can be sintered under pressure, during direct-writing printing, the first printing needle head 1 is responsible for printing the target component 4, thickened component slurry is extruded into a filament from the first printing needle head 1 and stacked layer by layer to form the target component 4, the second printing needle head 2 is responsible for filling the cavity of the component, the thickened pore-forming agent slurry is extruded into the filament from the second printing needle head 2, and the cavity filling body 3 is formed after the thickened pore-forming agent slurry is stacked layer by layer. The component mold with the cavity filler 3 is thus solid and consists of two parts, the target component 4 and the cavity filler 3.
7. A component blank with a cavity filler is printed. The component model with the cavity filling body 3 is firstly led into layered slicing software, the three-dimensional model is converted into path data which can be identified by a multi-head direct-writing printer, and the model is composed of two parts, so the path data is also divided into two parts, wherein one part is a path traveled by the first printing needle head 1 to print the target component 4, and the other part is a path traveled by the second printing needle head 2 to print the cavity filling body 3. The direct-writing printing is layer-by-layer overlapped printing, when single-layer printing is started, the direct-writing printer automatically identifies path data, when a path where the printing target component 4 travels is identified, the printing arm and the working platform move according to the path, the thickened component slurry is extruded into threads from the first printing needle head 1 and is accumulated and solidified along the path, and in the solidification process, the organic solvent in the thickened component slurry is completely volatilized. When the walking path of the printing cavity filling body 3 is identified, the printing arm and the working platform move according to the path, the thickened pore-forming agent slurry is extruded into a filament from the second printing needle head 2 and is accumulated and solidified along the path, and in the solidification process, the organic solvent in the thickened pore-forming agent slurry is completely volatilized. Thus, the single layer is formed by alternately arranging the thickened component slurry and the solidified printing filament extruded by the thickened pore-forming agent slurry, the fully-filled cavity component blank is obtained after the layer-by-layer printing and stacking, the cavity filler 3 in the blank is formed by stacking the thickened pore-forming agent extruded filament solidified layer by layer, and the whole cavity is fully filled, as shown in fig. 2.
8. And (4) hot degreasing. The binder in the cavity member blank with the cavity filler 3 is completely removed by adopting thermal degreasing, so that the target member 4 after thermal degreasing only contains a member material, the cavity filler 3 after thermal degreasing only contains a pore-forming agent, the thermal degreasing process is carried out in a vacuum tube furnace, the thermal degreasing temperature is 300-400 ℃, the thermal degreasing atmosphere is flowing argon, the flow rate is 100ml/min, the thermal degreasing time is more than 1h, and the temperature rise and fall rate is 1-10 ℃/min.
9. And (4) pressurizing and sintering. Placing the component blank with the cavity filling body 3 which is subjected to thermal degreasing into a graphite mould, and consolidating the blank by the pressure sintering technologies such as hot-pressing sintering, spark plasma sintering, rapid hot-pressing sintering, hot isostatic pressing sintering and the like. The pressure sintering temperature is 600-2000 ℃, the temperature rising and falling speed is 10-100 ℃/min, the sintering time is not less than 1h, and the pressure is 10-100 MPa. And after pressure sintering, cooling to room temperature and taking out.
10. And removing the cavity filling body. If the pore-forming agent contained in the sintered cavity filler 3 is a water-soluble material such as sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, etc., the green body obtained after pressure sintering is placed in water for ultrasonic treatment for 10-30 min, the cavity filler 3 formed by the pore-forming agent is dissolved in water, and after the cavity filler 3 is completely dissolved, a through cavity is formed in the component, and the component with the through cavity is finally obtained. If the pore-forming agent contained in the thermally degreased cavity filler 3 is graphite, carbon powder and the like, the component can be calcined at the temperature of over 1100 ℃ in the atmospheric atmosphere for not less than 20min, and after the pore-forming agent is burnt out, a through cavity is formed in the component, so that the component with the through cavity is finally obtained.
The following provides 3 examples of the invention:
example 1
In this example, an aluminum metal member having a through cavity therein was prepared by using a sodium chloride powder having a melting point of 801 ℃ as a pore former and an aluminum powder as a member material. The method comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of binder solution: the volume ratio was 15:1, fully mixing the dichloromethane and the polylactic acid, stirring for 6 hours, rotating the stirring head at the speed of 300r/min, hermetically storing the adhesive solution after stirring, and standing for 6 hours for use.
2. Preparation of component slurry: fully and mechanically stirring the binder solution and aluminum powder with the particle size of 10 mu m in a sealed environment by magnetic stirring, wherein the stirring time is 1h, and the rotating speed of a stirring head is 600r/min; after the preparation is finished, the aluminum slurry is stored in a sealed container.
3. Preparing pore-forming agent slurry: fully and mechanically stirring the binder solution and sodium chloride with the particle size of 10 mu m in a sealed environment by magnetic stirring, wherein the stirring time is 1h, and the rotating speed of a stirring head is 600r/min; after preparation, the sodium chloride slurry was stored in a sealed container.
4. Thickening the slurry: starting a ventilation device, opening a sealed container for storing the component slurry and the pore-forming agent slurry, and mechanically stirring the slurry under the ventilation device, wherein the rotating speed of a mechanical stirring head is set to be 300r/min, and the time is 2h; and after the stirring is finished, closing the ventilation and air exchange device, and hermetically storing the finally obtained thickened component slurry and the thickened pore-forming agent slurry, wherein the concentrations of the component material and the pore-forming agent in the thickened component slurry and the thickened pore-forming agent slurry are 95%.
5. Preparation of multi-head direct-write printer: the direct-writing printer is a pneumatic extrusion printer, two printing needle cylinders are mounted on a printing arm of the direct-writing printer and are a first printing needle cylinder and a second printing needle cylinder, the two needle cylinders are respectively used for filling thickened component material slurry and thickened pore-forming agent slurry, the center distance between the two printing needle cylinders is 10cm, the printing needle heads mounted on the first printing needle cylinder and the second printing needle cylinder are respectively a first printing needle head and a second printing needle head, the thickened component material can be extruded into wires from the outlet of the first printing needle head, the thickened pore-forming agent slurry can be extruded into wires from the outlet of the second printing needle head, the inner diameter of the needle heads is determined according to the required component fineness, and the inner diameter is selected to be 1mm. Before printing, the thickened component slurry and the thickened pore-forming agent slurry are respectively filled into a first printing needle cylinder and a second printing needle cylinder.
6. Design of component model with cavity filler: a component model with a cavity filler was modeled using three-dimensional software. In order to meet the requirement that the cavity component can be sintered by hot pressing, during direct writing printing, the first printing needle head is responsible for printing a target component, thickened component slurry is extruded into a filament from the first printing needle head, the target component is formed after stacking layer by layer, the second printing needle head is responsible for filling the cavity of the component, the thickened pore-forming agent slurry is extruded into the filament from the second printing needle head, and a cavity filling body is formed after stacking layer by layer. Thus, the component mold with the cavity filler is a solid body and consists of two parts, one part being the target component and the other part being the cavity filler.
7. Printing a component blank with a cavity filler: the method comprises the steps of firstly, introducing a component model with a cavity filling body into layered slicing software, converting a three-dimensional model into path data which can be identified by a multi-head direct-writing printer, and because the model consists of two parts, the path data is also divided into two parts, wherein one part is a path traveled by a first printing needle head to print a target component, and the other part is a path traveled by a second printing needle head to print the cavity filling body. The direct-writing printing is layer-by-layer overlapped printing, when single-layer printing is started, the direct-writing printer automatically identifies path data, when a path where a printing target component travels is identified, the printing arm and the working platform move according to the path, the thickened component material slurry is extruded into threads from the first printing needle head and is accumulated and solidified along the path, and the organic solvent in the thickened component material slurry is completely volatilized in the solidification process; when a path where the printing cavity filling body travels is identified, the printing arm and the working platform move according to the path, and meanwhile, the thickened pore-forming agent slurry is extruded into a filament from the second printing needle head and is accumulated and solidified along the path, wherein the solidification process is that the organic solvent in the thickened pore-forming agent slurry is completely volatilized; thus, the single layer is formed by alternately arranging the thickened component slurry and the solidified printing filament extruded by the thickened pore-forming agent slurry, the fully-filled cavity component blank is obtained after layer-by-layer printing and stacking, and the cavity filler in the blank is formed by layer-by-layer stacking after the thickened pore-forming agent is extruded into filament and solidified and completely fills the whole cavity.
8. Thermal degreasing: the binder in the member blank with the cavity filler is completely removed by adopting thermal degreasing, so that the target member after thermal degreasing only contains a member material, the cavity filler after thermal degreasing only contains a pore-forming agent, the thermal degreasing process is carried out in a vacuum tube furnace, the thermal degreasing temperature is 400 ℃, the thermal degreasing atmosphere is flowing argon, the flow rate is 100ml/min, the thermal degreasing time is 2h, and the heating and cooling rate is 1 ℃/min.
9. Hot-pressing and sintering: for the aluminum material with lower sintering temperature, a hot-pressing sintering technology is adopted, and meanwhile, the heating and the pressurizing are beneficial to the mass transfer processes of contact, diffusion, flow and the like of powder particles, so that the sintering temperature is reduced, the sintering time is shortened, and the growth of crystal grains is inhibited; placing the hot degreased blank in a graphite mould, and solidifying the blank by spark plasma sintering; setting the sintering temperature at 600 ℃, the temperature rising and reducing speed at 30 ℃/min, the sintering time at 2h and the pressure at 20MPa, cooling to room temperature and taking out the component.
10. Removing the cavity filling body: and putting the member subjected to hot-pressing sintering into water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min, and dissolving a cavity filling body formed by sodium chloride to form a through cavity in the member, thereby finally obtaining the target member.
Example 2
In the embodiment, boron carbide powder is used as a ceramic component material, and the sintering temperature of the ceramic material is high, so that the salt pore-forming agent is not suitable for the ceramic material, and therefore, carbon powder with the melting point of 3500 ℃ is used as the pore-forming agent to prepare the boron carbide ceramic cavity component with the through cavity inside. Then the method is implemented according to the following steps:
1. preparation of binder solution: the volume ratio was 15:2, stirring for 5 hours at the rotating speed of 450r/min by fully mixing the dichloromethane and the polymethyl methacrylate, and hermetically storing the adhesive solution after stirring and standing for 10 hours for use.
2. Preparation of component slurry: fully and mechanically stirring the binder solution and the boron carbide powder in a sealed environment by magnetic stirring, wherein the stirring time is 3 hours, and the rotating speed of a stirring head is 300r/min; and storing the composite slurry in a sealed container after the preparation is finished.
3. Preparing pore-forming agent slurry: fully and mechanically stirring the binder solution and carbon powder with the particle size of 50nm in a sealed environment by magnetic stirring, wherein the stirring time is 3 hours, and the rotating speed of a stirring head is 300r/min; and storing the pore-forming agent slurry in a sealed container after the preparation is finished.
4. Thickening the slurry: starting a ventilation device, opening a sealed container for storing the component slurry and the pore-forming agent slurry, and mechanically stirring the slurry under the ventilation device, wherein the rotating speed of a mechanical stirring head is set to be 450r/min, and the time is 1h; and after the stirring is finished, closing the ventilation and air exchange device, and hermetically storing the finally obtained thickened component slurry and the thickened pore-forming agent slurry, wherein the concentrations of the component material and the pore-forming agent in the thickened component slurry and the thickened pore-forming agent slurry are both 90%.
5. Preparation work of the multi-head direct-write printer: the direct-writing printer is a pneumatic extrusion printer, two printing needle cylinders are mounted on a printing arm of the direct-writing printer and are a first printing needle cylinder and a second printing needle cylinder, the two needle cylinders are respectively used for filling thickened component slurry and thickened pore-forming agent slurry, the center distance between the two printing needle cylinders is 10cm, printing needle heads mounted on the first printing needle cylinder and the second printing needle cylinder are respectively a first printing needle head and a second printing needle head, the thickened component material slurry can be extruded into wires from an outlet of the first printing needle head, the thickened pore-forming agent slurry can be extruded into wires from an outlet of the second printing needle head, the inner diameter of the needle heads is determined according to the required component fineness, and the inner diameter is selected to be 0.2mm. Before printing, the thickened component material slurry and the thickened pore-forming agent slurry are respectively filled into a first printing needle cylinder and a second printing needle cylinder.
6. Model design of a component with a cavity filler: a component model with a cavity filler was modeled using three-dimensional software. In order to meet the condition that the cavity component can be sintered by discharging plasma, when the direct-writing printing is carried out, the first printing needle head is responsible for printing a target component, thickened component slurry is extruded into a filament from the first printing needle head and is stacked layer by layer to form the target component, the second printing needle head is responsible for filling the cavity of the component, thickened pore-forming agent slurry is extruded into a filament from the second printing needle head and is stacked layer by layer to form a cavity filling body. Thus, the component mold with the cavity filler is a solid body and consists of two parts, one part being the target component and the other part being the cavity filler.
7. Printing of a component blank with cavity filling: the method comprises the steps of firstly, introducing a component model with a cavity filling body into layered slicing software, converting a three-dimensional model into path data which can be identified by a multi-head direct-writing printer, and because the model consists of two parts, the path data is also divided into two parts, wherein one part is a path traveled by a first printing needle head to print a target component, and the other part is a path traveled by a second printing needle head to print the cavity filling body. The direct-writing printing is layer-by-layer overlapped printing, when single-layer printing is started, the direct-writing printer automatically identifies path data, when a path where a printing target component travels is identified, the printing arm and the working platform move according to the path, the thickened component slurry is extruded into threads from the first printing needle head and is accumulated and solidified along the path, and the organic solvent in the thickened component slurry is completely volatilized in the solidification process; when a path where the printing cavity filling body travels is identified, the printing arm and the working platform move according to the path, and meanwhile, the thickened pore-forming agent slurry is extruded into a filament from the second printing needle head and is accumulated and solidified along the path, wherein the solidification process is that the organic solvent in the thickened pore-forming agent slurry is completely volatilized; thus, the single layer is formed by alternately arranging the thickened component slurry and the solidified printing filament extruded by the thickened pore-forming agent slurry, the fully-filled cavity component blank is obtained after layer-by-layer printing and stacking, and the cavity filler in the blank is formed by layer-by-layer stacking after the thickened pore-forming agent is extruded into filament and solidified and completely fills the whole cavity.
8. Thermal degreasing: the binder in the member blank with the cavity filler is completely removed by adopting thermal degreasing, so that the target member after thermal degreasing only contains a member material, the cavity filler after thermal degreasing only contains a pore-forming agent, the thermal degreasing temperature is 350 ℃, the thermal degreasing atmosphere is flowing argon, the flow rate is 100ml/min, the thermal degreasing time is 2h, and the temperature rise and fall rate is 10 ℃/min.
9. Spark plasma sintering: for the boron carbide ceramic material with high sintering temperature, in order to improve the sintering efficiency, the rapid sintering technology of the discharge plasma is adopted, and the strong pulse current is added among powder particles, so that the sintering compactness of the ceramic material is assisted, the microstructure of the ceramic can be improved, and the performance of the ceramic material is improved; placing the hot degreased blank in a graphite mould, and solidifying the blank by spark plasma sintering; when the set sintering temperature is 2000 ℃, the temperature rising and reducing speed is 100 ℃/min, the sintering time is 1h, the pressure is 50MPa, and the sintering material is taken out after being cooled to the room temperature.
10. Removing the cavity filling body: and calcining the component blank obtained after spark plasma sintering at 1100 ℃ for 20min in the atmospheric atmosphere, removing a cavity filler formed by graphite, forming a through cavity in the component, and finally obtaining the component with the through cavity.
Example 3
The present embodiment uses, as a member material, a composite powder of titanium powder and silicon carbide powder in a mass ratio of 95:5, selecting sodium sulfate powder with the melting point of 884 ℃ as a pore-forming agent, and preparing the titanium-based composite material cavity component with a through cavity inside. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. preparation of binder solution: the volume ratio was 15:3, fully mixing the dichloromethane and the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer, stirring for 3 hours, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring head is 600r/min, sealing and storing the binder solution after stirring is finished, and standing for 12 hours for use.
2. Preparation of component slurry: fully and mechanically stirring the binder solution and the composite powder in a sealed environment by magnetic stirring, wherein the stirring time is 3 hours, and the rotating speed of a stirring head is 300r/min; and storing the composite slurry in a sealed container after the preparation is finished.
3. Preparing pore-forming agent slurry: fully and mechanically stirring the binder solution and sodium sulfate with the particle size of 5 mu m in a sealed environment by magnetic stirring, wherein the stirring time is 3h, and the rotating speed of a stirring head is 300r/min; after preparation, the sodium sulfate slurry was stored in a sealed container.
4. Thickening the slurry: starting a ventilation device, opening a sealed container for storing the component slurry and the pore-forming agent slurry, and mechanically stirring the slurry under the ventilation device, wherein the rotating speed of a mechanical stirring head is set to be 600r/min, and the time is 0.5h; and after the stirring is finished, closing the ventilation and air exchange device, and hermetically storing the finally obtained thickened component slurry and the thickened pore-forming agent slurry, wherein the concentrations of the component material and the pore-forming agent in the thickened component slurry and the thickened pore-forming agent slurry are 92%.
5. Preparation work of the multi-head direct-write printer: the direct-writing printer is a pneumatic extrusion printer, two printing needle cylinders are mounted on a printing arm of the direct-writing printer and are a first printing needle cylinder and a second printing needle cylinder, the two needle cylinders are respectively used for filling thickened component slurry and thickened pore-forming agent slurry, the center distance between the two printing needle cylinders is 10cm, the printing needle heads mounted on the first printing needle cylinder and the second printing needle cylinder are respectively a first printing needle head and a second printing needle head, the thickened component slurry can be extruded into wires from an outlet of the first printing needle head, the thickened pore-forming agent slurry can be extruded into wires from an outlet of the second printing needle head, the inner diameter of the needle heads is determined according to the required component fineness, and the inner diameter is selected to be 0.5mm. Before printing, the thickened component slurry and the thickened pore-forming agent slurry are respectively filled into a first printing needle cylinder and a second printing needle cylinder.
6. Design of component model with cavity filler: a component model with a cavity filler was modeled using three-dimensional software. In order to meet the requirement that the cavity component can be sintered by hot pressing rapidly, during direct writing printing, the first printing needle head is responsible for printing a target component, thickened component slurry is extruded into a filament from the first printing needle head, the target component is formed after stacking layer by layer, the second printing needle head is responsible for filling the cavity of the component, the thickened pore-forming agent slurry is extruded into the filament from the second printing needle head, and a cavity filling body is formed after stacking layer by layer. Thus, the component mold with the cavity filler is a solid body and consists of two parts, one part being the target component and the other part being the cavity filler.
7. Printing of a component blank with cavity filling: the method comprises the steps of firstly, introducing a component model with a cavity filling body into layered slicing software, converting a three-dimensional model into path data which can be identified by a multi-head direct-writing printer, and because the model consists of two parts, the path data is also divided into two parts, wherein one part is a path traveled by a first printing needle head to print a target component, and the other part is a path traveled by a second printing needle head to print the cavity filling body. The direct-writing printing is layer-by-layer overlapped printing, when single-layer printing is started, the direct-writing printer automatically identifies path data, when a path where a printing target component travels is identified, the printing arm and the working platform move according to the path, the thickened component slurry is extruded into threads from the first printing needle head and is accumulated and solidified along the path, and the organic solvent in the thickened component slurry is completely volatilized in the solidification process; when a path where the printing cavity filling body travels is identified, the printing arm and the working platform move according to the path, and meanwhile, the thickened pore-forming agent slurry is extruded into a filament from the second printing needle head and is accumulated and solidified along the path, wherein the solidification process is that the organic solvent in the thickened pore-forming agent slurry is completely volatilized; and the cavity filling body in the blank is formed by extruding the thickened pore-forming agent into wires, solidifying and stacking the wires layer by layer, and then completely filling the whole cavity.
8. Thermal degreasing: the binder in the member blank with the cavity filler is completely removed by adopting thermal degreasing, so that the target member after thermal degreasing only contains a member material, the cavity filler after thermal degreasing only contains a pore-forming agent, the thermal degreasing temperature is 300 ℃, the thermal degreasing atmosphere is flowing argon, the flow rate is 100ml/min, the thermal degreasing time is 1h, and the temperature rise and fall rate is 5 ℃/min.
9. And (3) rapid hot-pressing sintering: the rapid hot-pressing sintering is adopted for the sintering of the composite material, and the direct-current sintering adopted by the technology can continuously provide discharge sparks, so that the high homogenization and the rapid consolidation of densification of the composite material are facilitated; placing the hot degreased blank in a graphite mould, and consolidating the blank through hot-pressing sintering; setting the sintering temperature at 850 ℃, the temperature rising and reducing rate at 50 ℃/min, the sintering time at 30min and the pressure at 30MPa, cooling to room temperature and taking out.
10. Removing the cavity filling body: and putting the component subjected to rapid hot-pressing sintering into water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, dissolving a cavity filling body formed by sodium sulfate, and forming a through cavity in the component to finally obtain the target component.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing a component with a through cavity by direct writing printing and pressure sintering is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps of:
step (1): mixing dichloromethane and a high polymer material by mechanical stirring to obtain a binder solution;
step (2): mechanically stirring the binder solution and a component material in a sealed environment to obtain component slurry;
and (3): mechanically stirring the binder solution and a pore-forming agent in a sealed environment to obtain a pore-forming agent slurry, wherein the pore-forming agent is sodium chloride, calcium chloride and sodium sulfate soluble powder and graphite and carbon powder burnable powder, the powder particle size is less than 10 microns, the volume ratio of the binder solution to the pore-forming agent is (8);
and (4): thickening the component slurry and the pore-forming agent slurry;
and (5): respectively filling the thickened component slurry and the thickened pore-forming agent slurry into a first printing needle cylinder and a second printing needle cylinder of a direct-writing printer, wherein a target component is printed by a first printing needle head, and a cavity of the component is filled by a second printing needle head to form a cavity filling body, so as to obtain a completely filled component blank;
and (6): removing the binder of the member blank by thermal degreasing, so that the target member only contains a member material, and the cavity filling body only contains a pore-forming agent; carrying out thermal degreasing in a vacuum tube furnace, wherein the thermal degreasing temperature is 300-400 ℃, the thermal degreasing atmosphere is flowing argon, the flow rate is 100ml/min, the thermal degreasing time is more than 1h, and the temperature rise and fall rate is 1-10 ℃/min;
and (7): placing the component blank subjected to thermal degreasing in a graphite die, solidifying the blank by pressure sintering, cooling to room temperature after pressure sintering, and taking out;
and (8): and removing the cavity filling body in the component blank obtained after the pressure sintering to obtain the component with the through cavity.
2. The method for preparing a member with a through cavity by direct-write printing and pressure sintering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: if the pore-forming agent is a material which can be dissolved in water, in the step (8), putting the component blank into water for ultrasonic treatment, and dissolving a cavity filling body formed by the pore-forming agent; if the pore-forming agent is a burnable powder, in step (8), the member blank is fired at a temperature of 1100 ℃ or higher in the atmosphere to burn out the cavity filler composed of the pore-forming agent.
3. The method for preparing a member with a through cavity by direct-write printing and pressure sintering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the high polymer materials are polylactic acid, polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer and polymethyl methacrylate, the volume ratio of dichloromethane to the high polymer materials is 15 to 15, the stirring time is 3 to 6h, the rotation speed of a stirring head is 300 to 600r/min, and after the stirring is finished, the binder solution is hermetically stored and stands for 6 to 12h.
4. The method for preparing a member with a through cavity by direct-write printing and pressure sintering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the component materials are metal powder, ceramic powder and composite powder, the particle size of the powder is less than 10 μm, the volume ratio of the binder solution to the component materials is 8 to 1.
5. The method for preparing a member with a through cavity by direct-write printing and pressure sintering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (4) mechanically stirring the component slurry and the pore-forming agent slurry under a ventilation device, wherein the rotation speed of a mechanical stirring head is 300 to 600r/min, and the time is 0.5 to 2h, so that the component slurry and the pore-forming agent slurry are thickened.
6. The method for preparing a member with a through cavity by direct-write printing and pressure sintering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the concentrations of the thickened component slurry and the thickened pore-forming agent slurry are both 90-95%.
7. The method for preparing a member having a through cavity by direct write printing and pressure sintering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (7) consolidating the blank in a graphite mould by pressure sintering, wherein the pressure sintering temperature is 600 to 2000 ℃, the temperature rising and falling speed is 10 to 100 ℃/min, the sintering time is not less than 1h, and the pressure is 10 to 100 MPa.
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