CN1132754A - 镧系元素与杂环碳烯的配合物 - Google Patents
镧系元素与杂环碳烯的配合物 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 title abstract description 4
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- -1 silylenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical compound [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052773 Promethium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002577 pseudohalo group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- JNRLEMMIVRBKJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Methylenebis(N,N-dimethylaniline) Chemical class C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 JNRLEMMIVRBKJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-prop-2-enylphenol Chemical group C1=C(CC=C)C(O)=CC=C1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=C(O)C(CC=C)=C1 QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical group [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000219 ethylidene group Chemical group [H]C(=[*])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002527 isonitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003261 o-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
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- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910021644 lanthanide ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IPRROFRGPQGDOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopenta-1,3-diene;trichlorotitanium Chemical group Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl.CC=1C(C)=C(C)[C-](C)C=1C IPRROFRGPQGDOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- KXDAEFPNCMNJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KXDAEFPNCMNJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005698 Diels-Alder reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZQPJZZQRZDOMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [amino(methyl)silyl]methane Chemical group C[SiH](C)N ZQPJZZQRZDOMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 2
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002601 lanthanoid compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001989 1,3-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:1])=C([H])C([*:2])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004009 13C{1H}-NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 240000004859 Gamochaeta purpurea Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007171 acid catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005595 deprotonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010537 deprotonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006197 hydroboration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001455 metallic ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006772 olefination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006053 organic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxophosphane Chemical compound P=O AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002097 pentamethylcyclopentadienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/45—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by condensation
- C07C45/46—Friedel-Crafts reactions
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及新的以杂环碳烯为配位体的镧系元素(原子序数57-71的元素)的配合物。
Description
本发明涉及除钷外的原子序数自57至71的元素以杂环碳烯作为配位体形成的配合物。稀土元素组包括如下14种元素,分别为铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱和镥(“稀土金属”)。由于它们极大的化学相似性,它们被以镧系元素的名称与第三过渡(副)金属族(按IUPAC1985的建议为第三族),即钪、钇和镧放在一起。
该族的17种元素在其化合物中主要表现为三价,但是镧系元素的个别元素形成四价(如铈、铽)或二价(如铕和镱)化合物。镧系元素的化合物大都形成离子键并且有显著的同氧结合的倾向。镧系化合物的应用广泛,大致地说,应用主要始于其金属离子的路易斯酸性,这一点在其高氧化态时尤然,和始于作为还原剂和氧化剂的电化学性质。这样,四价铈是一种强单电子氧化剂。二价钐在有机合成中用作选择性偶联剂。许多镧系元素适合掺杂白炽灯材料,因为它们极大地降低了金属合金的电子逸出功。
几乎所有的镧系元素离子都可以溶剂化,即添加路易斯碱型配位体(如醚类、胺类等)。这些碱性添加物常常导致镧系化合物在有机溶剂中溶解性的提高。与此同时水解稳定性也得以提高,而在单纯的镧系元素化合物如卤化物情况下这是很低的。另外,所讨论的金属离子路易斯酸性的降低也得以经常实现。如果考虑到为数众多的镧系化合物在有机反应中具有催化活性,那么镧系元素的金属活性的目标控制就是非常必需的。在本文中,重点是有足够亲核性的配位体,它们稳定地与镧系元素离子结合,也就是说,不形成常见的离解平衡。同时,在其制备中应有众多的可变因素,以便用来作为镧系元素活性的预定方式的立体电子控制配位体。该控制配位体必须具有抗氧化性并且不与键合在镧系元素离子上的其它基团反应。此外,这些配位体要能够提高所结合的镧系元素化合物在有机溶剂中的溶解性。最后,除形成配合物外它们不能产生任何由镧系元素离子引起的变化。
由于多数镧系元素离子是皮尔逊(Pearson)概念意义上的“硬阳离子”(如参看Rmpp Chemie-Lexikon,1987,第5卷,第3651页),在镧系元素化学中这些二价、三价和四价金属离子对应地优选以“硬碱”作为配位体。另一方面,电子等价的硫醚类和膦类仅具有次要的作用,因为作为“软路易斯碱”它们与稀土金属离子的配位键合极弱。另外,它们相对于易于进行氧化过程,形成砜、二氧化硫或氧化膦。
因此,本发明的目的是提供含有强配位键合配位体的、具有抗氧化性的镧系元素配合物。
此目的是由如下式所示的配合物来达到的
[LaLnbXc]n(A)n (I)其中作为中心原子的Ln是处于氧化态2、3或4下除铕和钷外的镧系元素(在元素周期表中原子序数位于57到71之间的元素)离子;X是键合在中心原子上的单齿或多齿的、带电荷或不带电荷的配位体;同样键接在中心原子上的L是具有下式的单碳烯或具有下式的双碳烯其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6是相同或不同的直链或支链的基团,它们可以是磺化或非磺化的有着1至7个碳原子的烷基,磺化或非磺化的有着5至18个碳原子的脂肪族单环或多环基,磺化或非磺化的有着2到5个碳原子的链烯基,磺化或非磺化的有着6至14个碳原子的芳香基,或磺化或非磺化的有着7至19个碳原子的芳脂基;R3、R4、R5和R6也可以是氢原子,R3、R4和R5、R6这两组基团之间在每一例中可以是相同或不同的有着3至7个碳原子的稠合磺化或非磺化基团;Y是饱和或非饱和的、直链或支链的有着1至4个碳原子的亚烷基,或是二烷基亚甲硅基或四烷基双亚甲硅基;A是单电荷阴离子或化学等价的多电荷阴离子,b是从1到4的整数,a是从1到4b的整数,c是零或1到4b的整数,n是零或1到3b的整数。
到现在为止的文献中只报道了两种镧系元素以杂环碳烯衍生物为配位体形成的配合物。这里碳烯是结合在双(η5-五甲基环戊二烯基)合镱或双(η5-五甲基环戊二烯基)合钐分子残基上的。以环戊二烯基团形式,这些配合物含有强的给电子π-配位体,这些配位体在化学性质和结构上与常用的金属卤化物、醇盐和酰胺不同(Arduengo等.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1994,116,7927页;Schumann等,Augew Chem.1994,106,1829页)。
从这些已有的技术来看,如下事实是令人惊讶的,即氮杂环的衍生碳烯可以作为二价,三价或四价镧系离子的稳定的配位键合配位体而配位,而不需要其余另外的有机配位体诸如环戊二烯基或五甲基环戊二烯基的存在。
这些新的化合物溶于有机溶剂,也溶于水,尤其在它们含有磺化基团取代的脂肪族或芳香族基团时。它们具有非常好的热稳定性和高的氧化稳定性。
这些新的化合物是由处于氧化态2、3和4的如下元素得到的:钪、钇、镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱和镥。鉴于本发明的目的,钷由于是一个放射性元素而不包含在这些镧系元素中;铕由于与碱土金属锶和钡非常相似也被排除在外。
除碳烯外,配合物中也可以存在在式(I)中以X表示的单齿或多齿配位体,它们是氢原子或氢离子,卤素原子或卤化物,拟卤化物,羧酸盐离子,磺酸盐离子,酰胺基团,烷氧基,乙酰丙酮化物基团,一氧化碳,一氧化氮,氰基,异腈,单烯烃或双烯烃,炔烃和π-芳香基团。如果在配合物分子中这些配位体不止一个的话,它们可以相同也可以不同。
在如式(II)、(III)、(IV)和(V)所示的由咪唑和吡唑或它们的衍生物得到的单碳烯或双碳烯中,R1到R6常是甲基,异丙基,叔丁基,苄基,三苯甲基,苯基,甲苯基,苯基和金刚烷基,R1和R2优选甲基,叔丁基,苯基,苄基和邻甲苯基,R3和R4优选氢原子和甲基。
R3、R4和R5、R6每一组基团都可与咪唑环或吡唑环上两个相邻原子一起构成环体系。那么,R3与R4或R5与R6优选(CH)4基团,这导致形成一个稠合芳香六元环,(CH2)4和(CH2)5。
式(IV)和(V)中用Y所表示的二碳烯的桥基团优选亚甲基,二甲基亚甲基,二苯基亚甲基,1,3-亚苯基和亚乙基。在含硅桥基团中,优选二甲基亚甲硅基和四甲基双亚甲硅基。
式(I)中,b优选1;A优选卤化物,拟卤化物,四苯基硼酸盐、四氟硼酸盐、六氟磷酸盐和羧酸盐的离子,最后一种优选乙酸根离子,A也可以是金属配合物阴离子,例如四羰基合钴,六氟合铁(III)、四氟合铁、四氯合铝或四氯合钯(II)。
权利要求的化合物可由多种途径制备。根据一种制备方法,由相应的吡咯鎓盐(azolium salt)去质子化所得的自由碳烯与镧系化合物反应。碳烯可预先分离也可以现场制备。合适的镧系化合物是卤化物、羧酸盐、乙酰丙酮化物、三氟甲磺酸盐、也可以是醇盐、酚盐、单烷基酰胺和双烷基酰胺及单苯基酰胺和双苯基酰胺。醇盐和烷基酰胺含有具有1至5个碳原子的烷基,在双烷基情况下这些烷基可以相同或不同。
制备这种新的配合物的另外一种途径是用镧系化合物与吡咯鎓盐直接反应,即不要预先用吡咯鎓盐制备碳烯。镧系化合物可用LnZm(m=2、3或4)表示,其中Z是卤素,拟卤素,羧酸根,乙酰丙酮化物,烷氧基(具有C1-C5的烷基),酚基,单烷基酰胺和双烷基酰胺(具有C1-C5烷基,双烷基酰胺情况下烷基可以相同或不同)或二甲硅烷基酰胺。吡咯鎓盐如式〔L-H〕Z或〔L-H〕A所示,其中L、Z和A如前定义。
镧系化合物与碳烯的反应,并且如果需要的话加入另外的配位体,是在低温(例如-78℃)、室温或高温下在溶剂中混合反应物进行的。反应进行的非常快,常在几分钟后基本完成。但是,为了使反应进行完全,建议将反应时间达到约小时,尤其当起始反应物仅部分溶于所用介质中,即在悬浮液中反应时。
为了制备含有磺化配位体的水溶性配合物,起始原料中至少包括一种具有磺化的分子或分子残基的反应物。
为了从反应介质中分离新的配合物,我们发现移走溶剂是非常有用的,尤其在高真空下。粗产物要经过洗涤和从合适的溶剂或溶剂混合物中重结晶进行纯化,这种溶剂或溶剂混合物可在各例中通过初步实验确定。
镧系元素-碳烯配合物I是路易斯酸催化反应的催化剂,例如聚交酯(它是可生物降解性聚合物)的制备和CH,CC,CSi和NC键合反应的催化剂。这包括加氢胺化、加氢反应、齐聚、烯烃聚合、烯烃异构化和氢化硅烷化、烯烃和炔烃的硼氢化,迈克耳(Michael)反应,狄尔斯-阿德耳(Diels-Alder)反应,芳香族化合物的弗瑞德-克莱福特(Friedel-Crafts)酰基化和1,3-二酮的格氏试剂加成。
下面是关于这种类型新的化合物的制备和性质的描述,但本发明并非仅限于所举之例。实施例1:三氟化三(1,3-二甲基咪唑啉-2-亚基)合铒(a)22.6ml 0.14摩尔浓度的1,3-二甲基咪唑啉-2-亚基的THF溶液(相当于3.25mmol碳烯),逐滴加入到0.508克(1.0mmol)ErCl3(thf)3,25悬浮于50ml四氢呋喃(THF,thf)的液体中。混合物在室温下搅拌3天,接着过滤除去溶剂。在0.1Pa高真空下干燥5小时,得到0.392克(70%)分析纯的黄色产物。(b)1摩尔当量的Er〔N(SiMe3)〕3(Me:-CH3)和3摩尔当量氯化1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓悬浮于50mlTHF中。悬浮液回流5天。蒸馏去除溶剂并在0.1Pa高真空下干燥6小时后,得到分析纯的黄色产物。表征C15H24Cl3ErN5(562,02)
计算值C32.6 H4.3 N14.94 Cl18.92
实测值C31.92 H4.15 N13.98 Cl18.98IR: ν=3153 cm-1 s,3101s,1573s,1397vs,1313s,
1221 vs,1174s,1113s,1076m,1018m,1003m
972m,938m,917m,894w,740vs,648w,622m,
609w,450m.MS(EI):m/2z=96 a.m.u.(100%)[碳烯],81(4)
[碳烯-甲基]实施例2(1,3-二甲基咪唑啉-2-亚基)(四氢呋喃)三〔双(二甲基甲硅烷基)酰胺基〕合钇
4.2ml的0.3摩尔浓度的1,3-二甲基咪唑啉-2-亚基的THF溶液(相当于1.2mmol碳烯)缓慢地逐滴加入到0.756克(1.2mmol)的Y(bdsa)3(thf)2,酰胺(bdsa:双(二甲基甲硅烷基)酰胺)的35ml THF中。混合物在室温下搅拌24小时,蒸馏去除溶剂,产物用20ml正己烷萃取。干燥后,得到0.776g(99%)分析纯的微绿色产物。表征C21H58N5OSi6Y(654.15)
计算值C38.56 H8.94 N10.71
实测值C38.37 H8.61 N10.56IR: ν=3169 cm-1w,3135w,2070vs,
1992(sh)m,1927(sh)m,1773w,1540w,
1401m,1316m,1243vs,1220m,1169w,
1154w,1112m,1048(br)vs,970vs
941vs,898(br)vs,836vs,788vs,
763vs,724s,682m,624w,609w,
446w,409w.1H-NMR(C6D6):δ=0.35 ppm(36H,s,SiCH3),1.41
(4H,d,THF),3.38(6H,s,NCH3),
3.56(4H,d,THF),5.04(6H,SiH)
5.79(2H,s,CH).-13C{1H}-NMR(C6D6): δ=3.2 ppm(q,SiCH3),25.7(t,THF),
37.5(q,NCH3),67.9(t,THF),121.1
(d,CH),168.2(s,NCN).实施例3反-双(1,3-二甲基咪唑啉-2-亚基)三〔双(二甲基甲硅烷基)酰胺基合钇
8.7ml的0.3摩尔浓度的1,3-二甲基咪唑啉-2-亚基的THF溶液(相当于2.4mmol碳烯)缓慢滴加入到0.756g(1.2mmol)Y(bdsa)3-(thf)2(bdsa:见实施例2)的35ml THF溶液中。混合物室温下搅拌24小时,蒸馏去除溶剂,产物以20ml正己烷萃取,干燥后,得到分析纯的0.805g(99%)淡棕色产物。表征C22H58N7Si6Y(678.18)
计算值C38.96 H8.62 N14.46
实测值C38.78 H8.70 N14.50IR: ν=3163cm1w,3130w,2088m,2040(sh)m,
1532w,1400m,1312w,0,26ppm(1247s,
1240s,1216m,1169w,1155w,1104w,
1032s,969(sh)m,936s,893vs,834s,
781s,760s,728s,720s,693w,675w,
615w,602w,445w,433w.1H-NMR(C6D6):δ=0.26ppm(36H,s,SiCH3),3.70(12H,s,
NCH3),5.10(6H,sep.,SiH),6.03(4H,s,
CH).13C-NMR(C6D6):δ=3.5ppm(SiCH3),38.6(NCH3),120.7(CH),
(NCN)未发现。
Claims (10)
1.一种配合物如下式
[LaLnbxc]n(A)n (I)其中作为中心原子的Ln是处于氧化态2、3或4的除铕和钷外的镧系元素(在元素周期表中原子序数从57到71之间的元素)离子;X是键合在中心原子上的单齿或多齿的、带电荷或不带电荷的配位体;同样键接在中心原子上的L是具有下式的单碳烯:或具有下式的双碳烯:其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6是相同或不同的、直链或支链的基团,它们可以是磺化或非磺化的有着1至7个碳原子的烷基,磺化或非磺化的有着5至18个碳原子的脂肪族单环或多环的基团,磺化或非磺化的有着2至5个碳原子的链烯基,磺化或非磺化的有着6至14个碳原子的芳香基,磺化或非磺化的有着7至19个碳原子的芳烷基;R3、R4、R5和R6也可以是氢原子,R3、R4和R5、R6这两组基团在每一例中都可以是相同或不同的有着3至7个碳原子的稠合的磺化的或非磺化的基团;Y是饱和或非饱和的,直链或支链的有着1至4个碳原子的亚烷基,或是二烷基亚甲硅基或四烷基双亚甲硅基;A是单电荷阴离子或是化学等价的多电荷阴离子,b是从1到4的整数,a是从1到4b的整数,c是零或1到4b的整数,n是零或1到3b的整数。
2.根据权利要求1的配合物,其中式(I)中的X可以是氢原子、氢离子、卤素原子、卤素离子、拟卤化物、羧酸盐离子、磺酸盐离子、酰胺基团、烷氧基、乙酰丙酮化物基团、一氧化碳、一氧化氮、氰基、异腈、单烯烃或双烯烃、炔烃和π-芳香基团。
3.根据权利要求1或2的配合物,其中式(II)、(III)、(IV)和(V)的R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6是甲基、异丙基、叔丁基、苄基、三苯甲基、苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、米基和金刚烷基。
4.根据权利要求1-3之一或几项的配合物,其中式(II)、(III)、(IV)和(V)中R1和R2是甲基、叔丁基、苯基、苄基和邻甲苯基。
5.根据权利要求1-4之一或几项的配合物,其中式(II)、(III)、(IV)和(V)中R3和R4是氢原子和甲基。
6.根据权利要求1-5之一或几项的配合物,其中式(II)、(III)、(IV)和(V)中,R3和R4与R5和R6是基团(CH)4、(CH2)4、(CH2)5。
7.根据权利要求1-6之一或几项的配合物,其中式(IV)和(V)中Y是亚甲基,二甲基亚甲基、二苯基亚甲基和亚乙基。
8.根据权利要求1-6之一或几项的配合物,其中式(IV)和(V)中Y是二甲基亚甲基硅基和四甲基双亚甲硅基。
9.根据权利要求1-8之一或几项的配合物,其中式(I)中b为1。
10.根据权利要求1-9之一或几项的配合物,其中式(I)中A是卤素或拟卤素离子,四苯基硼酸盐、四氟硼酸盐、六氟磷酸盐、乙酸盐、四羰基合钴、六氟合铁、四氯合铁、四氯合铝或四氯合钯的离子。
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- 1995-12-21 CA CA002165887A patent/CA2165887C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1995-12-27 DE DE59510191T patent/DE59510191D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-27 JP JP7341364A patent/JP2708735B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-27 MY MYPI95004111A patent/MY131703A/en unknown
- 1995-12-27 EP EP95120590A patent/EP0721951B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-27 AT AT95120590T patent/ATE217000T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-28 AU AU40699/95A patent/AU4069995A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-12-29 US US08/581,398 patent/US5705619A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0721951A1 (de) | 1996-07-17 |
JP2708735B2 (ja) | 1998-02-04 |
CA2165887C (en) | 1999-07-27 |
EP0721951B1 (de) | 2002-05-02 |
JPH08231556A (ja) | 1996-09-10 |
ATE217000T1 (de) | 2002-05-15 |
FI956238A (fi) | 1996-06-30 |
BR9505991A (pt) | 1997-12-23 |
PL312034A1 (en) | 1996-07-08 |
KR960022549A (ko) | 1996-07-18 |
MY131703A (en) | 2007-08-30 |
US5705619A (en) | 1998-01-06 |
DE4447070A1 (de) | 1996-07-04 |
TW310329B (zh) | 1997-07-11 |
FI956238A0 (fi) | 1995-12-22 |
DE59510191D1 (de) | 2002-06-06 |
ZA9510929B (en) | 1996-07-04 |
CA2165887A1 (en) | 1996-06-30 |
AU4069995A (en) | 1996-07-04 |
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