CN113271174A - Demodulation method and system of optical fiber sensor - Google Patents

Demodulation method and system of optical fiber sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113271174A
CN113271174A CN202110477142.7A CN202110477142A CN113271174A CN 113271174 A CN113271174 A CN 113271174A CN 202110477142 A CN202110477142 A CN 202110477142A CN 113271174 A CN113271174 A CN 113271174A
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light source
sensor
optical fiber
different wavelengths
optical signals
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冉曾令
郁梦柯
青先国
何正熙
李锋
朱加良
何鹏
李卓玥
向美琼
高希龙
田俊科
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
    • H04J14/0228—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-all, e.g. broadcasting wavelengths
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35309—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
    • G01D5/35316—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Bragg gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35383—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques
    • G01D5/35387—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques using wavelength division multiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0278—WDM optical network architectures

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a demodulation method and a demodulation system of an optical fiber sensor, which are applied to the technical field of optical fiber sensing. The invention utilizes the multi-wavelength pulse light source and the wavelength division multiplexing principle to realize that the pulse light sources with different wavelengths are not limited by the continuous emission of the intervals of the serially multiplexed sensors to be measured, and realizes the parallel measurement of a plurality of sensors to be measured by detecting a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths in parallel, thereby realizing the rapid demodulation of the plurality of sensors to be measured and greatly improving the frequency response of the system.

Description

Demodulation method and system of optical fiber sensor
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a demodulation method and a demodulation system of an optical fiber sensor.
Background
The spectrum is an important parameter for reflecting the sensor to be measured, different sensors have specific spectra, and the spectrum can be used for researching and analyzing various aspects such as chemical identification, form, internal pressure/stress and the like. The internal properties of the sensor, which cannot be obtained by other methods, can be obtained by analyzing the spectral characteristics of the sensor. Therefore, the application of the spectrum technology in various fields such as industry, agriculture, medicine, biology, military and the like is very wide.
Most of the existing spectrum acquisition technologies utilize a traditional wavelength scanning method, and a light source in a system generally waits until an optical signal with a previous wavelength returns from the system, and then an optical signal with a next wavelength can be emitted. If the time from the time of emitting the optical signal to the time when the optical signal passes through all the sensors to be measured and returns is delta T, the time for emitting each group of optical signals is n x delta T, the time for obtaining the spectrum is too long, and the requirement for quickly obtaining the spectrum cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the demodulation method and the demodulation system for the optical fiber sensor provided by the invention solve the problem that the spectrum can not be rapidly acquired by the existing spectrum acquisition technology based on the wavelength scanning method.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a demodulation method of an optical fiber sensor combines a multi-wavelength light source and multi-wavelength optical signal parallel detection, improves spectrum acquisition efficiency, and specifically comprises the following steps: the device comprises a light source, a circulator, a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer (DWDM), an array detector and a sensor to be detected;
the light source is connected with the first port of the circulator through an optical fiber; the sensor to be detected is connected with the second port of the circulator through an optical fiber; and the dense wavelength division multiplexer DWDM is respectively connected with the third port of the circulator and the array detector through optical fibers.
Further, when the sensor to be detected is a single sensor to be detected, the light source is a pulse light source or a direct current light source.
Further, when the sensor to be measured is a plurality of sensors to be measured connected in series, the light source is a pulse light source (each group of optical signal wavelength is λ1、λ2、λ3…λn) And the wavelength of the current set of light sources is lambda1The next set of optical signals is sent out after the optical signals are sent out and returned.
Furthermore, in the plurality of sensors to be measured connected in series, the distance between two adjacent sensors to be measured is larger than
Figure BDA0003047489090000021
Wherein, tau is the width of the light pulse emitted by the pulse light source, m is the refractive index of the optical fiber, and c is the speed of light.
Further, the types of the sensor under test include: FBG spectral type sensors, FP spectral type sensors, MZ interferometers, MI interferometers and SI interferometers.
A demodulation method of an optical fiber sensor, comprising the steps of:
s1, transmitting optical signals with different wavelengths to the circulator through the light source;
s2, transmitting optical signals with different wavelengths to the sensor to be detected through the circulator;
s3, reflecting the optical signals with different wavelengths through the sensor to be detected to obtain optical signals to be demodulated with different wavelengths;
s4, receiving optical signals to be demodulated with different wavelengths through a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer (DWDM), and separating the optical signals to be demodulated with different wavelengths to obtain n paths of optical signals to be demodulated;
s5, inputting the n paths of optical signals to be demodulated into n detectors of the array detector in a one-to-one correspondence mode according to the wavelength for detection and distinguishing to obtain electric signals;
and S6, demodulating the electric signal by using a PC (personal computer) to obtain a spectrogram of the sensor to be detected.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) the system utilizes the multi-wavelength pulse light source and the wavelength division multiplexing principle to realize that the pulse light sources with different wavelengths are not limited by the continuous emission of the space between the sensors to be detected of the series multiplexing, thereby avoiding the waiting time that the next wavelength signal can be injected after one wavelength signal is returned by the traditional detection system.
(2) The system realizes the parallel measurement of a plurality of sensors by detecting a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths in parallel, greatly shortens the spectrum acquisition time and obviously improves the frequency response of the system compared with the traditional wavelength scanning method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of a demodulation method for a fiber optic sensor;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a demodulation method of an optical fiber sensor;
FIG. 3 shows signals to be demodulated that are returned at different wavelengths and at different times;
FIG. 4 shows the wavelength λ returned at different times1The signal to be demodulated;
FIG. 5 shows the wavelength λ returned at different times2The signal to be demodulated;
fig. 6 is a spectrum diagram of a sensor under test.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in fig. 1, a demodulation method of an optical fiber sensor includes: the device comprises a light source, a circulator, a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer (DWDM), an array detector and a sensor to be detected;
the light source is connected with the first port of the circulator through an optical fiber; the sensor to be detected is connected with the second port of the circulator through an optical fiber; and the dense wavelength division multiplexer DWDM is respectively connected with the third port of the circulator and the array detector through optical fibers.
When the sensor to be detected is a single sensor to be detected, the light source is a pulse light source or a direct current light source.
When the sensor to be detected is a plurality of sensors to be detected connected in series, the light source is a pulse light source. In the plurality of sensors to be measured connected in series, the distance between two adjacent sensors to be measured is larger than
Figure BDA0003047489090000041
Wherein, tau is the width of the light pulse emitted by the pulse light source, m is the refractive index of the optical fiber, and c is the speed of light.
Types of sensors to be tested include: FBG spectral type sensors, FP spectral type sensors, MZ interferometers, MI interferometers and SI interferometers.
The light source repeatedly emits light signals of different wavelengths (e.g. with a wavelength λ)1、λ2、λ3…λn) And transmitting the optical signals with different wavelengths to a sensor to be detected through a second port of the circulator, returning the optical signals with different wavelengths to the corresponding optical signals to be demodulated through the same sensor, transmitting the optical signals to be demodulated into the circulator through the second port of the circulator, transmitting the optical signals to be demodulated into a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer (DWDM) through a third port of the circulator, separating the optical signals with different wavelengths to obtain n paths of optical signals to be demodulated, distinguishing the n paths of optical signals to be demodulated according to the wavelengths, transmitting the optical signals to n detectors in the array detector in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and inputting one path of optical signals to be demodulated with one wavelength by one detector.
As shown in fig. 2, a demodulation method of an optical fiber sensor includes the following steps:
s1, transmitting optical signals with different wavelengths to the circulator through the light source;
s2, transmitting optical signals with different wavelengths to the sensor to be detected through the circulator;
s3, reflecting the optical signals with different wavelengths through the sensor to be detected to obtain optical signals to be demodulated with different wavelengths;
s4, receiving optical signals to be demodulated with different wavelengths through a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer (DWDM), and separating the optical signals to be demodulated with different wavelengths to obtain n paths of optical signals to be demodulated;
s5, inputting the n paths of optical signals to be demodulated into n detectors of the array detector in a one-to-one correspondence mode according to the wavelength for detection and distinguishing to obtain electric signals;
and S6, demodulating the electric signal by using a PC (personal computer) to obtain a spectrogram of the sensor to be detected.
When the sensor to be measured is a single FBG (fiber Bragg Grating) spectral sensor, the working process of the system is as follows:
when the sensor to be measured is a single FBG spectral sensor, the light source is a pulse light source or a direct current light source, and the light source can continuously drive pulse signals (lambda) with different wavelengths into the circulator1、λ2、λ3…λn) Or sending out a direct current optical signal, and outputting the direct current optical signal to the transmission optical fiber connected with the second port through the first port of the circulator. The transmission optical fiber is connected with the sensor to be detected, the optical signal to be demodulated returned by the FBG spectral sensor to be detected is input through the second port of the circulator as shown in fig. 3, the optical signal to be demodulated is output to the dense wavelength division multiplexer DWDM through the third port, the optical signal to be demodulated returned by the light source signals with different wavelengths is separated by utilizing the wavelength division multiplexing principle and is transmitted to the detector in a one-to-one correspondence manner as shown in fig. 4-5.
When the sensor to be measured is formed by connecting a plurality of FBG (fiber Bragg Grating) spectral sensors in series, the light source is a pulse light source. Different groups of light source signals contain light signals with the same wavelength, and corresponding light signals to be demodulated can be returned through the specific sensor, wherein the wavelength of the current group of light sources is lambda1Sends out and returns the optical signal of (A) before sending out the next set of optical signals1、λ2、λ3…λn) The optical signal to be demodulated returned by the same sensor for the optical signals with the same wavelength in different groups can not be overlapped and can pass through before timeThis is not possible with dc light sources, for the latter distinction. The distance between two adjacent FBG spectral type sensors is larger than
Figure BDA0003047489090000051
The signals returned by the FBG spectral type sensors with different light source optical signals of the same wavelength are ensured not to be overlapped, wherein tau is the width of an optical pulse emitted by the pulse light source, m is the refractive index of the optical fiber, and c is the speed of light. Let the wavelength emitted by the light source be λ1Is transmitted to the current FBG spectral type sensor, the time is t0The time of transmission to the subsequent FBG spectroscopic type sensor is t0+ Δ t, the impulse signals returned by the adjacent FBG spectral-type sensor will have a time difference of Δ t. The signals returned by different FBG spectral sensors can be distinguished by utilizing the transmission time difference, the spectrum (shown in figure 6) of the FBG spectral sensor corresponding to the position is formed by the intensity signals reflected by different wavelengths at the same position, so that the simultaneous demodulation of a plurality of FBG spectral sensors multiplexed in series is realized, and the demodulation efficiency of the system is greatly improved.
When the sensor to be measured is an FP spectral sensor or other spectral sensors, only the reflected signals of the sensors are different, and the working process of the rest parts is the same as that of the FBG spectral sensor.
The demodulation method of the optical fiber sensor utilizes the wavelength division multiplexing principle, and introduces a dense wavelength division multiplexer and a multi-wavelength pulse light source into the system, so that the pulse light sources with different wavelengths are not limited by the continuous emission of the intervals of the sensors to be detected of the serial multiplexing, and the problems of low demodulation speed and low system frequency response caused by long interval time of light signals emitted by the pulse light source in the traditional spectrum demodulation system based on the wavelength scanning method are solved. The demodulation method provided by the invention not only can demodulate a single sensor, but also can rapidly demodulate a plurality of sensors to be detected multiplexed in series by detecting a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths in parallel, thereby greatly improving the frequency response of the system.

Claims (6)

1. A demodulation method of an optical fiber sensor is characterized by combining a multi-wavelength light source and multi-wavelength optical signal parallel detection, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, transmitting optical signals with different wavelengths to the circulator through the light source;
s2, transmitting optical signals with different wavelengths to the sensor to be detected through the circulator;
s3, reflecting the optical signals with different wavelengths through the sensor to be detected to obtain optical signals to be demodulated with different wavelengths;
s4, receiving optical signals to be demodulated with different wavelengths through a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer (DWDM), and separating the optical signals to be demodulated with different wavelengths to obtain n paths of optical signals to be demodulated;
s5, inputting the n paths of optical signals to be demodulated into n detectors of the array detector in a one-to-one correspondence mode according to the wavelength for detection and distinguishing to obtain electric signals;
and S6, demodulating the electric signal by using a PC (personal computer) to obtain a spectrogram of the sensor to be detected.
2. A system for demodulating method of optical fiber sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that its structure specifically includes: the device comprises a light source, a circulator, a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer (DWDM), an array detector and a sensor to be detected;
the light source is connected with the first port of the circulator through an optical fiber; the sensor to be detected is connected with the second port of the circulator through an optical fiber; and the dense wavelength division multiplexer DWDM is respectively connected with the third port of the circulator and the array detector through optical fibers.
3. The system for demodulating method of optical fiber sensor according to claim 2, wherein the light source is a pulse light source or a direct current light source when the sensor under test is a single sensor under test.
4. The system for demodulating method of optical fiber sensor according to claim 2, wherein the light source is a pulse light source when the sensor under test is a plurality of sensors under test connected in series.
5. The system for demodulating method of optical fiber sensor according to claim 2, wherein in the plurality of sensors to be tested connected in series, the distance between two adjacent sensors to be tested is larger than
Figure FDA0003047489080000011
Wherein, tau is the width of the light pulse emitted by the pulse light source, m is the refractive index of the optical fiber, and c is the speed of light.
6. The system of the demodulation method of the optical fiber sensor according to claim 2, wherein the type of the sensor under test includes: FBG spectral type sensors, FP spectral type sensors, MZ interferometers, MI interferometers and SI interferometers.
CN202110477142.7A 2021-04-29 2021-04-29 Demodulation method and system of optical fiber sensor Pending CN113271174A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103471812A (en) * 2013-07-15 2013-12-25 武汉理工大学 Weak-grating detection device and detection method thereof
CN103994785A (en) * 2014-05-29 2014-08-20 武汉理工大学 Sensing monitoring device and method based on weak fiber bragg grating array
CN111811636A (en) * 2020-07-23 2020-10-23 电子科技大学 Vibration broadband measurement system and method based on multi-wavelength weak inverse structure sensing optical fiber

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103471812A (en) * 2013-07-15 2013-12-25 武汉理工大学 Weak-grating detection device and detection method thereof
CN103994785A (en) * 2014-05-29 2014-08-20 武汉理工大学 Sensing monitoring device and method based on weak fiber bragg grating array
CN111811636A (en) * 2020-07-23 2020-10-23 电子科技大学 Vibration broadband measurement system and method based on multi-wavelength weak inverse structure sensing optical fiber

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Application publication date: 20210817