CN113271054A - 一种用于沙漠的综合能源利用系统及其运行方法 - Google Patents

一种用于沙漠的综合能源利用系统及其运行方法 Download PDF

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CN113271054A
CN113271054A CN202110421546.4A CN202110421546A CN113271054A CN 113271054 A CN113271054 A CN 113271054A CN 202110421546 A CN202110421546 A CN 202110421546A CN 113271054 A CN113271054 A CN 113271054A
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desert
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梁晶
张才稳
石岩
马龙信
郑健
韩苗苗
郭博闻
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Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于沙漠的综合能源利用系统及其运行方法,综合能源利用系统包括风力发电机、太阳能光伏组件、太阳能集热器、储热罐、发酵罐、储气罐、沼气发电机、溴化锂机组、蓄电池储能装置、制淡装置、淡水蓄水池、沙生植物种植园、沙漠动物养殖园、水泵和苦碱水池;本申请充分利用沙漠地区富集的太阳能、风能可再生能源,产生的清洁电能满足区域自身用电。蓄电池储能装置在风、光资源丰富时存储产生的过剩电能,储气罐用于沼气发电系统,余热利用系统对沼气发电机余热进行梯级利用,太阳能集热器及储热罐为系统供能实现热源的多重保障。

Description

一种用于沙漠的综合能源利用系统及其运行方法
技术领域
本发明涉及综合能源应用技术领域,具体是涉及一种用于沙漠的综合能源利用系统及其运行方法,为沙漠地区提供综合能源供给。
背景技术
沙漠在地球上分布十分广泛,在人口不断增加、耕地面积不断减少的情况下,沙区的开发利用是解决人类生存空间的最优选择。我国的沙漠化土地十分广阔,约占国土总面积的18%,而且伴随着日益严重的沙漠化问题,严重影响沙漠地区的生态环境和生产,每年造成大量的经济损失。沙漠化往往与贫困化相伴而生,严重制约着社会经济的发展与人民生活水平的提高,只有探索出一条治沙与经济社会双赢的发展道路,实现区域社会经济可持续发展,才是沙漠利用的关键所在。能源是一切发展的基础,若能协调利用沙漠取之不尽、用之不竭的充沛太阳能与风能,以及沙漠地下苦碱水和顽强生命力的动植物资源,将为沙漠地区发展提供强大助力。
例如公开号为CN109169232A的专利申请中公开了一种沙漠治理利用系统及其装置,它主要解决了沙漠地区水资源缺乏的问题,但是没有充分利用到沙漠地区的能源。因此,有必要设计一种用于沙漠的综合能源利用系统及其运行方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中存在的上述不足,而提供一种系统完善的用于沙漠的综合能源利用系统,并提供其运行方法。本系统将沙漠地区丰富的风力、太阳能等可再生能源与沼气有机结合,满足沙漠地区用电、用热、用水、供暖、空调制冷、食物供应、经贸产业等需求,并确保用能稳定性与安全性,开拓沙漠经济作物种植与沙漠动物养殖,可以有效解决背景技术中的问题。
本发明解决上述问题所采用的技术方案是:一种用于沙漠的综合能源利用系统及其运行方法,其特征在于:用于沙漠的综合能源利用系统包括风力发电机、太阳能光伏组件、太阳能集热器、储热罐、发酵罐、储气罐、沼气发电机、溴化锂机组、蓄电池储能装置、制淡装置、淡水蓄水池、沙生植物种植园、沙漠动物养殖园、水泵、苦碱水池;所述风力发电机和太阳能光伏组件均与蓄电池储能装置、制淡装置连接,为制淡装置提供电能,以及将过剩电能存储在蓄电池储能装置中;所述制淡装置与淡水蓄水池连接,淡水蓄水池用于储存制淡装置制备的淡水,淡水蓄水池一方面为沙漠地区提供饮用水及生活用水,另一方面为沙生植物种植园提供灌溉用水;所述沙生植物种植园为沙漠动物养殖园提供牧草;所述发酵罐、储气罐、沼气发电机和溴化锂机组依次连接,所述沙生植物种植园产生的植物秸秆和沙漠动物养殖园产生的畜禽粪便进入到发酵罐进行发酵;所述制淡装置与苦碱水池连接,苦碱水池为制淡装置提供水源,所述水泵将地下的苦碱水抽到苦碱水池中,所述水泵与蓄电池储能装置连接;所述太阳能集热器与储热罐连接;所述储热罐与溴化锂机组连接;所述淡水蓄水池还分别与太阳能光伏组件、储热罐连接;所述沼气发电机作为补充电源,与蓄电池储能装置、制淡装置均连接。
用于沙漠的综合能源利用系统的运行方法为:首先根据不同季节、不同时段可再生能源特点,组合利用风力发电机、太阳能光伏组件产生清洁电能,产生的清洁电能一部分为制淡装置的运转提供电力,另一部分储备在蓄电池储能装置中,蓄电池储能装置不仅为水泵、制淡装置提供电力,还提供日常用电;制淡装置产生的淡水储存于淡水蓄水池中,为太阳能光伏组件提供清洗水、为储热罐提供补水、为沙生植物种植园提供灌溉水,以及还提供饮用水及生活用水;太阳能光伏组件的清洗水二次利用为沙生植物种植园提供灌溉水;沙生植物种植园为沙漠动物养殖园提供牧草,沙生植物种植园与沙漠动物养殖园进行沙旱生经济作物、沙漠药材种植及沙漠特有动物养殖,产生的植物秸秆、畜禽粪便等废物送入发酵罐回收利用,产生沼气进入储气罐存储,为沼气发电机提供能源;沙生植物种植园的灌溉水回归至地下,水泵将地下的苦碱水抽到苦碱水池中为制淡装置提供水源;在风、光资源丰富时将产生的过剩电能存储在蓄电池储能装置中,在可再生能源电源出力不足时,蓄电池储能装置放电,有效平抑可再生能源出力和负荷的波动;在可再生能源发电与蓄电池储能装置耦合运行都不足以提供稳定电力输出或出现极端情况时,启动沼气发电机,沼气发电机作为补充电源满足用电需求,沼气发电机产生的电一部分用于制淡装置,另一部分存在蓄电池储能装置中;沼气发电机运行产生的余热进入溴化锂机组为其提供热源,通过溴化锂机组提供供热与空调制冷;太阳能集热器为溴化锂机组提供热源,通过溴化锂机组提供供热与空调制冷;当溴化锂机组停运时,储热罐仍然可以直接供热,为沙漠地区提供生活热水。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下优点和效果:1、本发明充分利用沙漠地区富集的太阳能、风能可再生能源,产生的清洁电能满足区域自身用电;
2、配置蓄电池储能装置,在风、光资源丰富时存储产生的过剩电能,在可再生能源电源出力不足时放电,有效平抑可再生能源出力和负荷的波动;
3、配置储气罐,用于沼气发电系统,在储能系统不足以满足用电负荷需求时,进行补充供能,充分保障重要负荷安全性与可靠性;
4、配置余热利用系统,对沼气发电机余热进行梯级利用,还可以用溴化锂产生生活用冷、用热,使沙漠实现自给自足,节能环保,提高系统综合利用效率;
5、配置太阳能集热器及储热罐,不仅充分利用了可再生能源,提高系统环保性能,且为系统供能实现热源的多重保障,提高系统安全性;
6、配置苦碱水淡化装置,有效解决沙漠淡水资源短缺问题,并利用与苦碱水淡化的协同作用,通过制水机组调节淡水以平衡可再生能源系统,抑制可再生能源不确定性并同时满足系统内储热罐补水、光伏板清洗、灌溉及生活用水需求,达到削峰和降低淡水生产成本作用,同时光伏板清洗水进行二次利用为沙生植物提供灌溉水;
7、配置沙生植物种植园与沙漠动物养殖园,解决食物供应与经贸产业问题,植物秸秆、畜禽粪便经过回收利用,发酵产生沼气为沼气发电机提供能源,实现废物再利用,经济又环保。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的方案,下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式,对于本领域技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例的结构示意图。
附图标记说明:风力发电机1、太阳能光伏组件2、太阳能集热器3、储热罐4、发酵罐5、储气罐6、沼气发电机7、溴化锂机组8、蓄电池储能装置9、制淡装置10、淡水蓄水池11、沙生植物种植园12、沙漠动物养殖园13、水泵14、苦碱水池15。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并通过实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明,以下实施例是对本发明的解释而本发明并不局限于以下实施例。
实施例
参见图1。
本实施例公开了一种用于沙漠的综合能源利用系统,包括风力发电机1、太阳能光伏组件2、太阳能集热器3、储热罐4、发酵罐5、储气罐6、沼气发电机7、溴化锂机组8、蓄电池储能装置9、制淡装置10、淡水蓄水池11、沙生植物种植园12、沙漠动物养殖园13、水泵14和苦碱水池15。本综合能源利用系统将太阳能、风能等可再生能源发电与沼气发电耦合互补,同时搭配苦碱水淡化装置和储能装置,配置沙生植物种植园与沙漠动物养殖园,满足制淡装置、水泵、照明、家用电器等的用电负荷,并解决用水、用热、饮食需求,有效克服可再生能源发电间歇性和不稳定性等缺点,解决沙漠供能安全性、稳定性和经贸产业问题。
本实施例中,风力发电机1和太阳能光伏组件2均与蓄电池储能装置9、制淡装置10连接,为制淡装置10提供电能,以及将过剩电能存储在蓄电池储能装置9中。本实施例中配置的风力发电机1和太阳能光伏组件2主要作为沙漠地区电源,用于提供日常用电、水泵14及制淡装置10运转电力。
本实施例中,制淡装置10与淡水蓄水池11连接,淡水蓄水池11用于储存制淡装置10制备的淡水,淡水蓄水池11一方面为沙漠地区提供饮用水及生活用水,另一方面为沙生植物种植园12提供灌溉用水。淡水蓄水池11还分别与太阳能光伏组件2、储热罐4连接,为太阳能光伏组件2提供清洗用水,为储热罐4补水,进入到储热罐4中的水经换热后产生生活热水。本实施例中配置的制淡装置10将苦碱水淡化储存至淡水蓄水池11中,作为储备水源,可提供太阳能光伏板清洗水、储热罐补水、灌溉及生活用水。
本实施例中,太阳能光伏组件2的清洗水二次利用为沙生植物种植园12提供灌溉水;沙生植物种植园12的灌溉水回归至地下,制淡装置10与苦碱水池15连接,苦碱水池15为制淡装置10提供水源,水泵14将地下的苦碱水抽到苦碱水池15中为制淡装置10提供水源。水泵14与蓄电池储能装置9连接;蓄电池储能装置9为水泵14的运行提供电力。
本实施例中配置的蓄电池储能装置9用于存储过剩电能并在可再生能源电源出力不足时提供功率支撑,有效平抑可再生能源出力和负荷的波动。
本实施例中,沙生植物种植园12为沙漠动物养殖园13提供牧草。发酵罐5、储气罐6、沼气发电机7和溴化锂机组8依次连接,沙生植物种植园12产生的植物秸秆和沙漠动物养殖园13产生的畜禽粪便进入到发酵罐5进行发酵。太阳能集热器3与储热罐4连接;储热罐4与溴化锂机组8连接;沼气发电机7作为补充电源,与蓄电池储能装置9、制淡装置10均连接。
本实施例中配置的沙生植物种植园12和沙漠动物养殖园13解决食物供应与经贸产业问题,同时植物秸秆、畜禽粪便经过回收利用,发酵产生沼气为沼气发电机提供能源。
本实施例中配置的沼气发电机7在可再生能源电源及储能系统都不足以提供稳定出力或发生极端情况时启动,作为补充电源满足用电需求,极大保障用电安全。在沼气发电机7启动时,在提供补充电能的同时,产生的废热可通过溴化锂机组8为沙漠地区提供采暖、热水及空调制冷,对能量进行梯级利用,提高系统综合能源效率。
本实施例中配置的太阳能集热器3和储热罐4,主要用于保障溴化锂机组8热源,通过溴化锂机组8提供供热与空调制冷;当溴化锂机组8停运时,储热罐4仍然可以直接供热。
本实施例还公开了用于沙漠的综合能源利用系统的运行方法,具体运行方法为:首先根据不同季节、不同时段可再生能源特点,组合利用风力发电机1、太阳能光伏组件2产生清洁电能,产生的清洁电能一部分为制淡装置10的运转提供电力,另一部分储备在蓄电池储能装置9中,蓄电池储能装置9不仅为水泵14、制淡装置10提供电力,还提供日常用电;
制淡装置10产生的淡水储存于淡水蓄水池11中,为太阳能光伏组件2提供清洗水、为储热罐4提供补水、为沙生植物种植园12提供灌溉水,以及还提供饮用水及生活用水;太阳能光伏组件2的清洗水二次利用为沙生植物种植园12提供灌溉水;
沙生植物种植园12为沙漠动物养殖园13提供牧草,沙生植物种植园12与沙漠动物养殖园13进行沙旱生经济作物、沙漠药材种植及沙漠特有动物养殖,产生的植物秸秆、畜禽粪便等废物送入发酵罐5回收利用,产生沼气进入储气罐6存储,为沼气发电机7提供能源;沙生植物种植园12的灌溉水回归至地下,水泵14将地下的苦碱水抽到苦碱水池15中为制淡装置10提供水源;
在风、光资源丰富时将产生的过剩电能存储在蓄电池储能装置9中,在可再生能源电源出力不足时,蓄电池储能装置9放电,有效平抑可再生能源出力和负荷的波动;在可再生能源发电与蓄电池储能装置9耦合运行都不足以提供稳定电力输出或出现极端情况时,启动沼气发电机7,沼气发电机7作为补充电源满足用电需求,沼气发电机7产生的电一部分用于制淡装置10,另一部分存在蓄电池储能装置9中;
沼气发电机7运行产生的余热进入溴化锂机组8为其提供热源,通过溴化锂机组8提供供热与空调制冷;太阳能集热器3为溴化锂机组8提供热源,通过溴化锂机组8提供供热与空调制冷;当溴化锂机组8停运时,储热罐4仍然可以直接供热,为沙漠地区提供生活热水。
本实施例中,沙旱生经济作物可以选用沙芥果、沙葱、沙棘、沙蒿、沙地柏等适合在沙漠生长的经济作物,沙漠药材可以选用干草、麻黄、肉苁蓉等,沙漠特有动物可以选用骆驼、沙漠兔、沙鸡等。
虽然本发明已以实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明的保护范围,任何熟悉该项技术的技术人员,在不脱离本发明的构思和范围内所作的更动与润饰,均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (1)

1.一种用于沙漠的综合能源利用系统及其运行方法,其特征在于:
用于沙漠的综合能源利用系统包括风力发电机(1)、太阳能光伏组件(2)、太阳能集热器(3)、储热罐(4)、发酵罐(5)、储气罐(6)、沼气发电机(7)、溴化锂机组(8)、蓄电池储能装置(9)、制淡装置(10)、淡水蓄水池(11)、沙生植物种植园(12)、沙漠动物养殖园(13)、水泵(14)和苦碱水池(15);所述风力发电机(1)和太阳能光伏组件(2)均与蓄电池储能装置(9)、制淡装置(10)连接,为制淡装置(10)提供电能,以及将过剩电能存储在蓄电池储能装置(9)中;所述制淡装置(10)与淡水蓄水池(11)连接,淡水蓄水池(11)用于储存制淡装置(10)制备的淡水,淡水蓄水池(11)一方面为沙漠地区提供饮用水及生活用水,另一方面为沙生植物种植园(12)提供灌溉用水;所述沙生植物种植园(12)为沙漠动物养殖园(13)提供牧草;所述发酵罐(5)、储气罐(6)、沼气发电机(7)和溴化锂机组(8)依次连接, 所述沙生植物种植园(12)产生的植物秸秆和沙漠动物养殖园(13)产生的畜禽粪便进入到发酵罐(5)进行发酵;所述制淡装置(10)与苦碱水池(15)连接,苦碱水池(15)为制淡装置(10)提供水源,所述水泵(14)将地下的苦碱水抽到苦碱水池(15)中,所述水泵(14)与蓄电池储能装置(9)连接;所述太阳能集热器(3)与储热罐(4)连接;所述储热罐(4)与溴化锂机组(8)连接;所述淡水蓄水池(11)还分别与太阳能光伏组件(2)、储热罐(4)连接;所述沼气发电机(7)作为补充电源,与蓄电池储能装置(9)、制淡装置(10)均连接;
用于沙漠的综合能源利用系统的运行方法为:首先根据不同季节、不同时段可再生能源特点,组合利用风力发电机(1)、太阳能光伏组件(2)产生清洁电能,产生的清洁电能一部分为制淡装置(10)的运转提供电力,另一部分储备在蓄电池储能装置(9)中,蓄电池储能装置(9)不仅为水泵(14)、制淡装置(10)提供电力,还提供日常用电;
制淡装置(10)产生的淡水储存于淡水蓄水池(11)中,为太阳能光伏组件(2)提供清洗水、为储热罐(4)提供补水、为沙生植物种植园(12)提供灌溉水,以及还提供饮用水及生活用水;太阳能光伏组件(2)的清洗水二次利用为沙生植物种植园(12)提供灌溉水;
沙生植物种植园(12)为沙漠动物养殖园(13)提供牧草,沙生植物种植园(12)与沙漠动物养殖园(13)进行沙旱生经济作物、沙漠药材种植及沙漠特有动物养殖,产生的植物秸秆、畜禽粪便等废物送入发酵罐(5)回收利用,产生沼气进入储气罐(6)存储,为沼气发电机(7)提供能源;沙生植物种植园(12)的灌溉水回归至地下,水泵(14)将地下的苦碱水抽到苦碱水池(15)中为制淡装置(10)提供水源;
在风、光资源丰富时将产生的过剩电能存储在蓄电池储能装置(9)中,在可再生能源电源出力不足时,蓄电池储能装置(9)放电,有效平抑可再生能源出力和负荷的波动;在可再生能源发电与蓄电池储能装置(9)耦合运行都不足以提供稳定电力输出或出现极端情况时,启动沼气发电机(7),沼气发电机(7)作为补充电源满足用电需求,沼气发电机(7)产生的电一部分用于制淡装置(10),另一部分存在蓄电池储能装置(9)中;沼气发电机(7)运行产生的余热进入溴化锂机组(8)为其提供热源,通过溴化锂机组(8)提供供热与空调制冷;
太阳能集热器(3)为溴化锂机组(8)提供热源,通过溴化锂机组(8)提供供热与空调制冷;当溴化锂机组(8)停运时,储热罐(4)仍然可以直接供热,为沙漠地区提供生活热水。
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