CN113271029A - DAB type single-stage bidirectional AC/DC converter with low voltage stress and wide output range - Google Patents
DAB type single-stage bidirectional AC/DC converter with low voltage stress and wide output range Download PDFInfo
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- CN113271029A CN113271029A CN202110591932.8A CN202110591932A CN113271029A CN 113271029 A CN113271029 A CN 113271029A CN 202110591932 A CN202110591932 A CN 202110591932A CN 113271029 A CN113271029 A CN 113271029A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
- H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
- H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M5/275—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/293—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/20—AC to AC converters
- B60L2210/22—AC to AC converters without intermediate conversion to DC
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
Abstract
A DAB (double active bridge) type single-stage bidirectional AC/DC converter with low voltage stress and wide output range is formed by sequentially cascading an alternating current filter, a cycle converter, n high-frequency transformers with primary sides connected in series, n full-bridge circuits, a direct current filter and a variable structure switch group; each secondary side of the transformer is respectively connected with a full-bridge circuit through leakage inductance, the output ends of n full-bridge circuits are connected in series or in parallel through variable structure switch groups, and the cycle converter, n high-frequency transformers and n full-bridge circuits form n groups of double-active bridge structures; the converter adopts a current outer loop power inner loop control strategy, can work in a rectification and inversion mode, and realizes bidirectional AC/DC conversion and AC side power factor control; the converter adopts a DAB structure to reduce the switching voltage stress of the cycle converter, belongs to single-stage power conversion, has no direct current link, and improves the reliability of the converter; the n groups of the double-active-bridge structure and the variable-structure switch group improve the capacity of the converter, and are suitable for high-power occasions.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a DAB type single-stage bidirectional AC/DC converter with low voltage stress and wide output range, belonging to the field of electric energy conversion.
Background art:
with the rapid development of economy and the improvement of living standard, automobiles become indispensable transportation tools, new energy is used for gradually replacing traditional fossil fuels to drive the automobiles, and the automobile transportation tool is a necessary trend for the development of the automobile industry in the future. Under the support of a new infrastructure background, the construction of the charging equipment is rapidly developed along with the increase of the number of the electric automobiles, and the charging equipment has a wide development space.
A large number of electric automobiles are connected to a power grid, and the research hotspot of reasonably utilizing the interaction between the automobiles and the power grid and realizing optimal charging is realized. Charging the electric vehicles if the vehicles are caused to absorb energy from the grid during the electricity utilization trough period; in the peak period of power utilization, the energy of the storage battery of the electric automobile is fed back to the power grid, so that the daily power utilization load peak-valley difference of the power grid can be effectively reduced, the peak clipping and valley filling effects on the power grid are realized, a bidirectional inverter charging technology is realized, namely, the electric automobile and the power grid are in bidirectional interaction (V2G), the electric automobile has the functions of load management and system peak regulation, so that the reasonable distribution of energy is realized, the win-win situation between the power grid and users is achieved, and the V2G technology becomes an important ring for energy interconnection in the long term.
The bidirectional AC/DC converter is used as an important link for connecting an electric automobile and a power grid, the existing research is mainly focused on a two-stage structure, and the two-stage structure has the problems of two-stage power conversion, low power density, unsatisfactory conversion efficiency, short service life of a direct-current bus electrolytic capacitor and the like. Therefore, it has important theoretical and practical value to find a bidirectional AC/DC converter with single-stage power conversion, simple circuit topology, electrical isolation, high efficiency, high power density and wide output range.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a single-stage high-frequency link combined bidirectional AC/DC converter which has the characteristics of single-stage power conversion, simple circuit topology, electric isolation, high efficiency, high power density, wide output range and the like.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a DAB type single-stage bidirectional AC/DC converter with low voltage stress and wide output range is formed by sequentially cascading an alternating current filter, a cycle converter, n high-frequency transformers with primary sides connected in series, n full-bridge circuits, a direct current filter and a variable structure switch group; each secondary side of the transformer is respectively connected with a full-bridge circuit through leakage inductance, the output ends of n full-bridge circuits are connected in series or in parallel through variable structure switch groups, and the cycle converter, n high-frequency transformers and n full-bridge circuits form n groups of double-active bridge structures; the input series connection n groups of double-active bridge structures and the variable structure switch group realize the flexible series and parallel connection switching of the high-frequency bidirectional full-bridge rectifier in the bidirectional power conversion, improve the output range of the converter and reduce the design capacity of the system.
The converter adopts a current outer ring power inner ring control strategy, a direct current side current outer ring is used for realizing the output (or input) of stable and high-quality direct current, and an alternating current side power inner ring realizes the control of an alternating current side power factor; the direct current side current outer loop outputs the reference quantity of the alternating current side power inner loop, particularly, when m is 3, the inner loop power control is carried out in a two-phase synchronous speed dq coordinate system, and the purpose of power factor correction is achieved through control over instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power.
The converter can work in a rectification mode and an inversion mode, so that bidirectional AC/DC conversion and power factor control of a direct current side and an alternating current side are realized; when the given reference quantity of the direct current is larger than 0, the converter works in a rectification mode, and when the given reference quantity of the direct current is smaller than 0, the converter works in an inversion mode; in a rectification mode, the converter realizes unit power factor control on an alternating current side; under the inversion mode, the converter can realize unit power factor grid-connected inversion or participate in reactive power regulation of a power grid.
The invention can realize single-stage AC/DC conversion, realize the functions of charging the electric automobile by the power grid, generating electricity by the electric automobile to the power grid, participating in reactive power regulation of the power grid and the like, and has the characteristics of single-stage power conversion, simple circuit topology, electric isolation, high efficiency, high power density and wide range of adapting of a direct current port to working voltage.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the converter.
Fig. 2 is an example of a single-phase multi-transformer circuit topology of the converter.
Fig. 3 is an example of a three-phase multi-transformer circuit topology of the converter.
Fig. 4 is an example of a six-phase multi-transformer circuit topology of the converter.
Fig. 5 is a three-phase dual transformer circuit topology of the converter.
Fig. 6 is two equivalent circuits of the converter variable structure switch group.
Fig. 7 shows the switch drive waveform, transformer inductor current and key node voltage waveform.
Fig. 8 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the high frequency switching process during the operation of the converter.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail by the specific examples and the attached drawings of the specification.
A DAB type single-stage bidirectional AC/DC converter with low voltage stress and wide output range is formed by sequentially cascading an m-phase alternating current filter, an m-phase cycle converter, n high-frequency transformers with primary sides connected in series, n full-bridge circuits, a direct current filter and a variable structure switch group; the secondary side of each transformer is respectively connected with a full-bridge circuit through leakage inductance, the output ends of n full-bridge circuits are connected in parallel, and the cycle converter, n high-frequency transformers and n full-bridge circuits form n groups of double-active bridge structures. The converter adopts a current outer loop power inner loop control strategy, can work in a rectification and inversion mode, and realizes bidirectional AC/DC conversion and power factor control of a direct current side and an alternating current side. Fig. 2 to 5 are a single-phase multi-transformer circuit topology example, a three-phase multi-transformer circuit topology example, a six-phase multi-transformer circuit topology example, and a single-phase double-transformer circuit topology example of the converter, respectively. Taking a single-phase double-transformer circuit topology as an example, v is a single-phase voltage source, LAC CACIs a single-phase LC filter, S1-S4、S1'-S4' Power switch, Q, of a single-phase cycloconverter1-Q8Being power switches of a full bridge circuit, T1、T2Is a high-frequency transformer, L1、L2Are each T1、T2A leakage inductance of CoIs a DC filter capacitor, VDCIs a dc power supply.
The converter changes the series-parallel structure of each high-frequency bidirectional full-bridge rectifier through the variable structure switch group, so that the wide-range regulation of output voltage can be realized, the voltage division and the shunt can be realized, and the system design capacity is reduced. Series selection switch SS1Closed, parallel selection switch SS1nAnd SS2pWhen the power is off, the output ends of the 2 high-frequency bidirectional full-bridge rectifiers are connected in series, and an equivalent circuit is shown in fig. 6 (a); series selection switch SS1Disconnecting and parallel selecting switch SS1nAnd SS2pWhen closed, the output ends of the 2 high-frequency bidirectional full-bridge rectifiers are connected in parallel, and the equivalent circuit is shown in fig. 6 (b).
By taking a rectification mode and DAB direct current side parallel connection as an example, double phase shift control is adopted, and the midpoint voltage of an alternating current side bridge arm is ahead of the midpoint voltage of a direct current side bridge arm, so that the transmission of energy from the alternating current side to the direct current side is realized. Fig. 7 is a switch drive waveform, transformer inductor current, and key node voltage waveform.
The converter comprises 6 working modes in one high-frequency switching period, and equivalent circuits are shown in fig. 8(a) - (f).
Mode 1 (0)<t<t1): the AC side current is S2、S2'、T1、T2、S3、S3' as a pass, the secondary side of the transformer is connected via Q2、Q3、Q6、Q7Transmitting energy to the direct current side with action time of D.TSThe inductor current increment is:
mode 2 (t)1<t<t2):t=t1When S is present1、S1'、S4、S4' closed, S2、S2'、S3、S3' off, vPNReverse direction, iL1、iL2From negative to positive. The action time is (0.5-2D). TSThe inductor current increment is:
mode 3 (t)2<t<t3):t=t2When is, Q3、Q7Off, Q4、Q8And conducting. Direct side current passes through Q2、Q4、Q6、Q8And the secondary winding of the transformer forms a loop. The action time is D.TSThe inductor current increment is:
mode 4 (t)3<t<t4):t=t3When is, Q2、Q6Off, S1、S5And (4) opening. The direct current flows through the secondary winding and Q1、Q4、Q5、Q8Delivering electrical energy to a load. The action time is D.TSThe inductor current increment is:
mode 5 (t)4<t<t5):t=t4When S is present2、S2'、S3、S3' closed, S1、S1'、S4、S4' off, vPNReverse direction, iL1、iL2From positive to negative. The ac side current is consistent with mode 1. The action time is (0.5-2D). TSThe inductor current increment is:
modal 6 (t)5<t<t6):t=t5When is, Q4And Q8Off, Q3And Q7And conducting. Direct side current passes through Q1、Q3、Q5、Q7And secondary side of the transformer forms a follow current loop with action time of D.TSThe inductor current increment is:
t=t6when is, Q1And Q5Off, Q2And Q6And after the circuit is switched on, the circuit returns to the mode 1 and enters the next switching period.
Volt-second balance according to inductance:
to obtain
The working mode of the circuit is similar to the positive half wave when the circuit is in the negative half wave of the input power frequency voltage, and only S needs to be changed1、S1'、S4、S4' and S2、S2'、S3、S3The switching phases enable the inverter mode of the converter.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention and its embodiments should not be limited thereto, so that the changes made according to the shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A DAB type single-stage bidirectional AC/DC converter with low voltage stress and wide output range is characterized in that: the converter is formed by sequentially cascading an alternating current filter, a cycle converter, n high-frequency transformers with primary sides connected in series, n full-bridge circuits, a direct current filter and a variable structure switch group; each secondary side of the transformer is respectively connected with a full-bridge circuit through leakage inductance, the output ends of n full-bridge circuits are connected in series or in parallel through variable structure switch groups, and the cycle converter, n high-frequency transformers and n full-bridge circuits form n groups of double-active bridge structures; the alternating current filter is formed by an m-phase LC filter (m is 1,3,5,6, … …); the cycle converter is an m-phase m-arm cycle converter, and particularly, when m is equal to 1, the cycle converter is a single-phase two-arm cycle converter; each bridge arm of the cycle converter is composed of two power switches which are connected in series in an opposite direction; the primary windings of the n high-frequency transformers are connected in series, and the secondary windings are respectively connected to a full-bridge circuit; each full-bridge circuit consists of four power switches, the output ends of the n full-bridge circuits are connected to a variable structure switch group through a direct current filter, and the direct current filter consists of a capacitor C filter; the variable structure switch group is composed of 3n-3 power switches and comprises n-1 series selection switches and 2n-2 parallel selection switches, and the output of the variable structure switch group is connected to a direct-current side power supply.
2. A DAB type single-stage bidirectional AC/DC converter with low voltage stress and wide output range according to claim 1, wherein: the alternating current filter of the converter is connected with the m-phase alternating current power supply and the m-phase cycle converter; the alternating current power supply is a single-phase, three-phase, six-phase and other multi-phase power supply; particularly, when the converter is connected to a single-phase power frequency power grid, the power grid is connected to the middle points of the 1 st bridge arm and the 2 nd bridge arm of the single-phase cycle converter through a single-phase LC filter; when the converter is connected to a three-phase power frequency power grid, A, B, C phases of the power grid are respectively connected to the middle points of the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd bridge arms of the three-phase cycle converter through a three-phase LC filter; the common end of the upper bridge arm is connected to the node P, and the common end of the lower bridge arm is connected to the node N; the primary windings of the n high-frequency transformers are sequentially connected in series between P, N nodes; the n full-bridge circuits are respectively connected with the secondary windings of the n high-frequency transformers; the output ends of the n high-frequency bidirectional full-bridge rectifiers are connected to the variable structure switch group through a direct current filter; the output of the variable structure switch group is connected in parallel to two ends of a direct current side power supply.
3. A DAB type single-stage bidirectional AC/DC converter with low voltage stress and wide output range according to claim 1, wherein: the converter adopts a double-active-bridge structure, and the switching voltage stress of the cycle converter is alternating-current lateral line voltage.
4. A DAB type single-stage bidirectional AC/DC converter with low voltage stress and wide output range according to claim 1, wherein: the n groups of double-active bridge structures with the input connected in series of the converter can work in a synchronous mode and can also work in an asynchronous mode; when the active bridge works in a synchronous mode, the n groups of double-active bridge structures output balanced power; when operating in the asynchronous mode, the converter can realize the power distribution of the n groups of double active bridge structures, and can also close one or more double active bridge structures to adjust the output power level.
5. A DAB type single-stage bidirectional AC/DC converter with low voltage stress and wide output range according to claim 1, wherein: the variable structure switch group is composed of 3n-3 switches and comprises n-1 serial selection switches and 2n-2 parallel selection switches; when the n-1 series selection switches are closed and the 2n-2 parallel selection switches are opened, the output ends of the n high-frequency bidirectional full-bridge rectifiers are connected in series; when the n-1 series selection switches are switched off and the 2n-2 parallel selection switches are switched off, the output ends of the n high-frequency bidirectional full-bridge rectifiers are connected in parallel; the converter changes the series-parallel structure of each high-frequency bidirectional full-bridge rectifier through the variable structure switch group, so that the wide-range regulation of output voltage can be realized, the voltage division and the shunt can be realized, and the system design capacity is reduced.
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CN116260179A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-06-13 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Direct current bus variable structure double-fed forced excitation converter |
EP4336718A1 (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2024-03-13 | Infineon Technologies Austria AG | Switching converter using partial power processing |
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