CN113270612A - Novel top-layer combined cycle power generation system and method of fuel cell-gas turbine - Google Patents

Novel top-layer combined cycle power generation system and method of fuel cell-gas turbine Download PDF

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CN113270612A
CN113270612A CN202110522479.5A CN202110522479A CN113270612A CN 113270612 A CN113270612 A CN 113270612A CN 202110522479 A CN202110522479 A CN 202110522479A CN 113270612 A CN113270612 A CN 113270612A
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fuel cell
power generation
generation system
methane
gas
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乔润鹏
梁前超
李梦杰
何俊能
杨凡
梁一帆
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Naval University of Engineering PLA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell-gas turbine novel top layer combined cycle power generation system and a method, comprising a fuel cell power generation system, a fuel cell and a gas turbine power generation system, wherein the fuel cell power generation system comprises: the system comprises a methane circulation pipeline, a heat exchanger, a methane reformer and a hydrogen circulation pipeline which are connected in sequence, wherein the hydrogen circulation pipeline is connected with an anode of a solid oxide fuel cell, the solid oxide fuel cell is provided with an anode, a solid oxide electrolyte is arranged at the lower end of the anode, the electrolyte is connected with a cathode, the cathode end is connected with an air circulation channel, and the air circulation channel is connected with an air compressor at the lower end; the gas turbine power generation system includes: a starting motor and a gas compressor which are connected in sequence. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the energy can be utilized to the maximum extent.

Description

Novel top-layer combined cycle power generation system and method of fuel cell-gas turbine
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells and gas turbines, and particularly relates to a novel top layer combined cycle power generation system of a fuel cell-gas turbine.
Background
The traditional way of utilizing fuel is to directly release energy through combustion, and the chemical energy of the fuel is converted into heat energy. The fuel has the advantages of direct combustion: the utilization mode is simple and direct, the technical requirement is not high, and the defects are that the fuel utilization rate is low, a large amount of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases can be generated, and the environment is damaged. With the severe shortage of fossil energy and the rapid decline of environmental quality, how to fully utilize energy becomes the focus of current research.
The traditional gas turbine power depends on a combustion chamber to generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas, but the combustion chamber has harsh operating environment, high requirements on the heat resistance and the like of materials, extremely high manufacturing precision, periodic maintenance, high economic cost and lower efficiency. Therefore, the fuel cell is used for replacing the combustion chamber, so that the economic cost of the gas turbine can be effectively reduced, and the work efficiency of the gas turbine is improved.
In the existing fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid system, a circulation system capable of maximizing the utilization of energy is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a novel fuel cell and top layer combined cycle power generation system and method of a gas turbine.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a fuel cell-gas turbine novel topping combined cycle power generation system comprising: a fuel cell power generation system, a fuel cell, and a gas turbine power generation system, wherein,
the fuel cell power generation system includes: the system comprises a methane circulation pipeline, a heat exchanger, a methane reformer and a hydrogen circulation pipeline which are connected in sequence, wherein the hydrogen circulation pipeline is connected with an anode of a solid oxide fuel cell, the solid oxide fuel cell is provided with an anode, a solid oxide electrolyte is arranged at the lower end of the anode, the electrolyte is connected with a cathode, the cathode end is connected with an air circulation channel, and the air circulation channel is connected with an air compressor at the lower end;
the gas turbine power generation system includes: the starting motor and the air compressor are sequentially connected, the upper end of the air compressor is connected with a fuel cell power generation system, and the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell power generation system are both connected with a tail gas discharge channel; the tail gas discharge channel of the anode of the fuel cell is connected with the catalytic combustion chamber, the catalytic combustion chamber is connected with the low-pressure turbine, the tail gas discharge channel of the cathode of the fuel cell is directly connected with the high-pressure turbine, the right end of the high-pressure turbine is connected with the low-pressure turbine, the end of the low-pressure turbine is connected with the generator, and simultaneously, tail gas discharged by the low-pressure turbine is connected with the heat exchanger through the tail gas circulation pipeline.
Preferably, the methane circulation pipeline is connected with the methane reforming device through flange connection; the air circulation pipeline is connected with the cathode of the fuel cell through flange connection; the hydrogen gas flow pipe is connected with the anode of the fuel cell through flange connection.
Preferably, the hydrogen gas circulation pipeline and the air circulation pipeline are externally sleeved with ceramic pipes to play a role in heat preservation and heat insulation.
Preferably, the hydrogen flow pipeline and the methane flow pipeline are both made of stainless steel materials.
Preferably, the fuel used by the fuel cell power generation system is methane, and the methane is generated by fermenting crop straws and residual branches and leaves of biomass.
Preferably, the starter motor of the gas turbine supplies power to the gas turbine by means of a wind generator.
The invention also provides a novel top-layer combined cycle power generation method of the fuel cell-gas turbine, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, when the biomass fuel cell is used for household or industrial power generation, methane is generated through biomass fermentation, the methane generated through fermentation is introduced into a methane reformer through a methane circulation pipeline, the methane reforms hydrogen in the methane reformer, the hydrogen enters the anode of the fuel cell through a hydrogen circulation pipeline, meanwhile, a wind driven generator supplies power to a starting motor of a gas turbine, the starting motor drives a gas compressor to start working, air enters the cathode of the fuel cell after being compressed by the gas compressor, and at the moment, the hydrogen and the air generate electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell;
step S2: in the fuel cell, the cathode high-temperature and high-pressure tail gas after the reaction of hydrogen and air is introduced into a high-pressure turbine through a tail gas discharge pipeline to do work, and the tail gas after the work is introduced into a catalytic combustion chamber;
step S3, in the fuel cell, discharging the anode high-temperature and high-pressure tail gas after the reaction of hydrogen and air into a catalytic combustion chamber through a tail gas discharge pipeline, and performing catalytic combustion with the cathode tail gas after the work of a high-pressure turbine; high-temperature gas generated after catalytic combustion is introduced into a low-pressure turbine to do work, and high-temperature tail gas after doing work enters a heat exchanger through tail gas to exchange heat with methane, so that the methane before reforming is preheated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the invention, the fuel used by the fuel cell power generation system is methane, if the system is applied to civil use, the methane can be generated by fermenting biomass such as crop straws, residual branches and leaves and the like, and hydrogen is generated by reforming the methane, so that compared with the traditional fuel cell, waste resources are effectively recycled, and the effect of saving resources is achieved; meanwhile, the fuel cell can greatly improve the energy utilization rate, improve the electric energy conversion rate and reduce the emission of carbon dioxide. Compared with the common fuel cell, the fuel cell has lower manufacturing cost and running cost. The fuel cell power generation system has zero pollution emission, does not need a fuel storage tank with larger volume, is safer and more reliable, and has more popularity and practicability and wider application range.
In the invention, the starting motor of the gas turbine can supply power to the gas turbine through the wind driven generator, thereby saving electric energy. In the traditional fuel cell-gas turbine top layer combined cycle, tail gas generated after a cathode and an anode of a fuel cell take part in reaction is directly combusted in a catalytic combustion chamber and then introduced into a turbine to do work. The main disadvantage of such designs is that the energy of the fuel is not fully utilized. Therefore, the invention provides a novel top layer combined cycle structure of a fuel cell and a gas turbine, and the design bright points are as follows: the temperature and pressure of the air after the air participates in the chemical reaction at the cathode of the fuel cell are high, the air is directly introduced into the high-pressure turbine to do work, and at the moment, the temperature and pressure of the tail gas discharged by the high-pressure turbine are reduced, so that the air and the high-temperature and high-pressure tail gas discharged by the anode of the fuel cell are mixed and combusted in the catalytic combustion chamber, the temperature and pressure of the gas entering the low-pressure turbine are improved, and the working efficiency of the gas turbine is greatly improved.
The novel top-layer combined cycle power generation system of the fuel cell-gas turbine can realize modular application, and a small-sized combined power generation system is expected to be widely popularized and applied in rural areas in China and provide electric energy for residential users; the medium-sized comprehensive power generation system can be used on ships, so that the emission of fuel oil tail gas pollutants can be reduced while fuel oil is saved; the large-scale comprehensive power generation system can be used for a power plant, at present, China still mainly generates electricity by fossil energy, the environmental pollution is increasingly serious, the fossil energy is urgent, and new energy can be reasonably utilized by the system to generate electric energy, save resources and protect the environment.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell-gas turbine novel topping combined cycle power generation system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simulation model of a fuel cell-gas turbine novel top combined cycle power generation system in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a turbine power map.
In the figure: the device comprises a starting motor 1, a gas compressor 2, a high-pressure turbine 3, a low-pressure turbine 4, a generator 5, a low-pressure turbine tail gas discharge channel 6, a methane circulation pipeline 7, a heat exchanger 8, a methane reformer 9, a hydrogen circulation pipeline 10, a fuel cell anode 11, a fuel cell electrolyte 12, a fuel cell anode tail gas circulation pipeline 13, a catalytic combustor 14, a catalytic combustor gas circulation channel 15, an air circulation channel 16, a valve 17, a fuel cell cathode 18, a solid oxide fuel cell 19 and a fuel cell cathode tail gas discharge channel 20.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
as shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a fuel cell-gas turbine novel top combined cycle power generation system, which comprises a fuel cell power generation system and a fuel cell and gas turbine combined power generation system.
The fuel cell power generation system includes: the methane circulation pipeline 7 is connected with a heat exchanger 8 on the right of the methane circulation pipeline 7, a methane reformer 9 is connected with the right end of the heat exchanger 8, a hydrogen circulation pipeline 10 is connected with the right end of the methane reformer 9, the hydrogen circulation pipeline 10 is connected with an anode 11 of the solid oxide fuel cell, the solid oxide fuel cell is provided with the anode 11, a solid oxide electrolyte 12 is arranged at the lower end of the anode 11, the electrolyte 12 is connected with a cathode 18, the left end of the cathode 18 is connected with an air circulation channel 16, and the air circulation channel 16 is connected with a compressor 2 at the lower end.
The gas turbine power generation system comprises a starting motor 1, wherein the right end of the starting motor 1 is connected with a gas compressor 2, the upper end of the gas compressor 2 is connected with a fuel cell power generation system 19, and the right ends of the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell power generation system 19 are both connected with tail gas discharge channels 13 and 20. The right end of a tail gas discharge channel 13 of a fuel cell anode 11 is connected with a catalytic combustor 14, the right end of the catalytic combustor 14 is connected with a low-pressure turbine 4, the right end of a tail gas discharge channel 20 of a fuel cell cathode 18 is directly connected with a high-pressure turbine 3, the right end of the high-pressure turbine 3 is connected with a low-pressure turbine 4, the right end of the low-pressure turbine 4 is connected with a generator 5, and tail gas discharged by the low-pressure turbine is connected with a heat exchanger 8 through a tail gas circulation pipeline 6.
Further, the methane circulation line 7 is connected to the methane reformer 9 through a flange connection, the air circulation line 16 is connected to the fuel cell cathode 18 through a flange connection, and the hydrogen circulation line 10 is connected to the fuel cell anode 11 through a flange connection.
Furthermore, ceramic pipes are sleeved outside the hydrogen circulation pipeline 10 and the air circulation pipeline 16 to play a role in heat preservation and heat insulation.
Further, the hydrogen flow pipeline 10 and the methane flow pipeline 7 are both made of stainless steel materials through casting.
The methane recirculation line 7 is connected to the methane prereformer 9 by a flange connection, the air recirculation line 16 is connected to the fuel cell cathode 18 by a flange connection, and the hydrogen recirculation line 10 is connected to the fuel cell anode 11 by a flange connection.
Example 2:
the invention also provides a novel top-layer combined cycle power generation method of the fuel cell-gas turbine, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: firstly, when the power generation system is used for household or industrial power generation, methane can be generated through biomass fermentation, the methane generated through fermentation is introduced into a methane reformer 9 through a methane circulation pipeline 7, hydrogen is reformed in the methane reformer 9, the hydrogen enters an anode 11 of a fuel cell 19 through a hydrogen circulation pipeline 10, meanwhile, a wind driven generator supplies power to a starting motor 1 of a gas turbine, the starting motor 1 drives a gas compressor 2 to start working, and air enters a cathode 18 of the fuel cell 19 after being compressed by the gas compressor 2. At this time, the hydrogen gas and air electrochemically react in the fuel cell 19.
Step S2: secondly, in the fuel cell 19, the high-temperature and high-pressure tail gas of the cathode after the reaction of the hydrogen and the air is introduced into the high-pressure turbine 3 through the tail gas exhaust pipeline 20 to do work, and the tail gas after the work is introduced into the catalytic combustor 14.
Step S3: meanwhile, in the fuel cell 19, the anode high-temperature and high-pressure tail gas after the reaction of the hydrogen and the air is discharged into the catalytic combustion chamber 14 through the tail gas discharge pipeline 13, and is subjected to catalytic combustion with the cathode tail gas after the high-pressure turbine does work. High-temperature gas generated after catalytic combustion is introduced into the low-pressure turbine 4 to do work, and high-temperature tail gas after doing work enters the heat exchanger 8 through the tail gas channel 6 to exchange heat with methane, so that the methane before reforming is preheated, the reforming rate is improved, the working efficiency of the gas turbine is improved, and the power generation efficiency of the power generator 5 is improved.
Two main energy conversion mechanisms of the present invention:
firstly, biomass such as crop straws, residual branches and leaves and the like is fermented by a methane tank to generate methane, and the process converts the biomass energy into chemical energy, thereby effectively utilizing renewable energy and simultaneously not consuming fossil energy. This is the first energy conversion mechanism.
And in the second step, methane generates hydrogen through reforming reaction, and the hydrogen and the oxygen generate electrochemical reaction through a fuel cell to directly convert chemical energy into electric energy, so that the energy utilization rate is greatly improved. This is the second energy conversion mechanism.
Example 3:
the novel top-layer combined cycle power generation system of the fuel cell and the gas turbine is modeled and simulated.
1 Modular modeling
1.1 hypothesis Condition
When the SOFC-MGT dynamic model is established, the following assumptions are made:
all gases being ideal gases
Neglecting heat exchange of the system with the outside
Both the reforming reaction and the water gas displacement reaction are in equilibrium
Uniform distribution of temperature, gas composition and pressure in the system
The system adopts a lumped parameter model
1.2 Pre-reformer model
In the prereformer, mainly comprises a reforming reaction of methane and a water-gas replacement reaction, and the chemical reaction formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003064507740000081
Figure BDA0003064507740000082
according to the conservation of mass equation, the following can be obtained:
Figure BDA0003064507740000091
Figure BDA0003064507740000092
in the formula, P1Is the average pressure, V, inside the prereformerreVolume of prereformer, T5R is the gas universal constant (8.314J. mol.) for the average temperature of the prereformer-1·K-1)，x2,iIs the molar mass fraction of the outlet gas i, Qn1,iIs the molar flow rate of the inlet gas i, Qn2,iIs the molar flow rate of the outlet gas i,
Figure BDA0003064507740000093
molar flow rate, r, consumed for gas i reforming, water gas replacement reaction in prereformerre1Represents the reforming reaction rate of methane, rre2Indicating the rate of the carbon monoxide displacement reaction.
Assuming that both the reforming reaction and the water gas displacement reaction reach an equilibrium state, the equilibrium constants can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003064507740000094
Figure BDA0003064507740000095
in the formula, Kr、KsRespectively reforming reaction and water gas replacementEquilibrium constant of the reaction.
1.3 Anode model
The hydrogen generated by the methane in the pre-reformer reaches the anode and reacts with the oxygen ions transmitted from the cathode to generate water and electrons, which are transmitted to an external circuit. The reaction formula is as follows:
H2+O2-→H2O+2e-
at this time, the anode channel is a mixture of methane, hydrogen, water, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and the mass conservation equation comprises the following components:
Figure BDA0003064507740000096
Ri＝[-rr1；rr1-r2；r2；3rr1+r2-r3；-rr1-r2+r3]
in the formula, P7Is anode outlet gas pressure, TcellIs the temperature of the stack, VaIs the volume of the anode, x7,iIs the mole fraction of the anode outlet gas i, Qn7,iIs the molar flow rate of the anode outlet gas i, r1For the reforming reaction rate, r2The response rate of water vapor replacement, r3Is the electrochemical reaction rate.
1.4 electrochemical model
The actual voltage of the fuel cell monolith can be represented by the following equation:
vfc＝E-ηohmic-ηconc-ηact,a-ηact,c
wherein E is the ideal reversible voltage of the pile, etaohmicIs ohmic polarization, ηconcIs concentration difference polarization, etaact,aActivating polarization for the anode etaact,cPolarization is activated for the cathode. According to Nernst's equation, the ideal reversible voltage of the stack is expressed as[28]：
Figure BDA0003064507740000101
E0＝1.2723-2.7645×10-4Tcell
In the formula, E0In order to be a standard electromotive force,
Figure BDA0003064507740000102
is the pressure of the hydrogen at the outlet of the anode,
Figure BDA0003064507740000103
is the pressure of the water at the outlet of the anode,
Figure BDA0003064507740000104
is the pressure of cathode inlet oxygen, TcellIs the stack temperature.
1.5 temperature model
According to the hypothesis, the energy conservation equation can be obtained by neglecting the heat exchange between the galvanic pile and the outside[29]：
Figure BDA0003064507740000105
Wherein i is ∈ [ CH ]4,CO,CO2,H2,H2O]，j∈[N2,O2]，k＝1,2,3，CcellIs the gas heat capacity of the electric pile,
Figure BDA0003064507740000106
the enthalpy of the SOFC cathode inlet gas j,
Figure BDA0003064507740000107
is the enthalpy of the cathode outlet gas, Qn3Is the molar flow rate of the cathode inlet gas, Qn4Is the molar flow rate of the cathode outlet gas,
Figure BDA0003064507740000108
is the enthalpy of the anode inlet gas,
Figure BDA0003064507740000109
is the enthalpy of the anode outlet gas, Q1For the heat of reforming reaction, Q2For the heat of water gas displacement reaction, Q3Is the heat of electrochemical reaction.
1.6 micro gas turbine model
The micro gas turbine system comprises a centrifugal compressor, a catalytic combustion chamber, a heat exchanger and a turbine. Based on the existing micro gas turbine, a simultaneous module method is adopted to construct a mathematical model of each module[30]。
1.6.1 compressor model
The operating characteristics of the compressor can be used
Figure BDA0003064507740000111
Pi and eta.
According to the conservation of mass, the outlet flow of the compressor is obtained as follows:
G1＝G2
in the formula, G1、G2The actual flow rates of the inlet and the outlet of the compressor are respectively.
Reduced flow
Figure BDA0003064507740000112
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003064507740000113
folding rotation speed
Figure BDA0003064507740000114
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003064507740000115
in the formula, T1For compressor inlet temperature, p1Is the inlet pressure of the compressor and is,ncis the actual rotational speed, p0＝1.01325×105Pa，T0＝298K。
The compressor pressure ratio pi is:
Figure BDA0003064507740000116
efficiency η of the compressorCComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003064507740000117
the compressor power consumption can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003064507740000121
ma＝(λa-1)/λa
the compressor outlet temperature can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003064507740000122
1.6.2 turbine model
The miniature gas turbine adopts a centripetal turbine and has the advantages of simple structure, large single-stage enthalpy drop, wide operating range and the like.
The turbo-expansion ratio is:
Figure BDA0003064507740000123
the turbine efficiency characteristic may be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003064507740000124
in the formula, G9For turbine inlet flow, p9For turbine inlet pressure, T9Is the turbine inlet temperature, ηTIs the turbine speed.
The turbine does work as follows:
Figure BDA0003064507740000125
in the formula, T3Is the turbine inlet temperature, ηTFor turbine efficiency, ε is the turbine expansion ratio.
1.6.3 Heat exchanger model
The method for calculating the heat exchanger mainly comprises an average heat transfer temperature difference method and an epsilon-NTU method, and the average heat transfer temperature difference method is generally used for calculation at present. Outlet temperature T in mean temperature difference methodoutNot only the heat transfer coefficient K but also the mean temperature difference DeltaT, which is the outlet temperature ToutIs a strong function of (a).
The upstream mean temperature difference can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003064507740000131
in the formula, T2Is the air side inlet temperature, T, of the heat exchanger9Is the air side outlet temperature, T, of the heat exchanger8Is the tail gas side inlet temperature, T, of the heat exchanger10Is the temperature of the tail gas side outlet of the heat exchanger.
Figure BDA0003064507740000132
Figure BDA0003064507740000133
In order to calculate the accuracy of the model, a temperature correction coefficient psi is introduced, and the heat transfer temperature difference after correction is as follows:
ΔT′＝ψΔT
the heat exchange between the air compressed by the air compressor and the tail gas of the catalytic combustion chamber is as follows:
Φ′＝KAΔT′
as shown in fig. 2, a MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation model of a fuel cell-gas turbine novel top-level combined cycle power generation system:
the simulation results show that the power ratio of the novel top-level combined cycle power generation system of the fuel cell and the gas turbine is compared with the power ratio of the traditional top-level combined cycle power generation system of the fuel cell and the gas turbine, as shown in fig. 3, which shows that the novel top-level combined cycle power generation system of the fuel cell and the gas turbine has certain advantages compared with the traditional top-level combined cycle power generation system of the fuel cell and the gas turbine.
It should be noted that although in the above detailed description several components or units of the device are mentioned for each functional implementation, such a division is not mandatory. Indeed, the features and functionality of two or more components or units described above may be embodied in one component or unit, according to embodiments of the invention. Conversely, the features and functions of one component or unit described above may be further divided into embodiments by a plurality of components or units.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, the claims should be construed to include preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A fuel cell-gas turbine novel top layer combined cycle power generation system is characterized by comprising a fuel cell power generation system, a fuel cell and a gas turbine power generation system, wherein,
the fuel cell power generation system includes: the system comprises a methane circulation pipeline, a heat exchanger, a methane reformer and a hydrogen circulation pipeline which are connected in sequence, wherein the hydrogen circulation pipeline is connected with an anode of a solid oxide fuel cell, the solid oxide fuel cell is provided with an anode, a solid oxide electrolyte is arranged at the lower end of the anode, the electrolyte is connected with a cathode, the cathode end is connected with an air circulation channel, and the air circulation channel is connected with an air compressor at the lower end;
the gas turbine power generation system includes: the starting motor and the air compressor are sequentially connected, the upper end of the air compressor is connected with a fuel cell power generation system, and the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell power generation system are both connected with a tail gas discharge channel; the tail gas discharge channel of the anode of the fuel cell is connected with the catalytic combustion chamber, the catalytic combustion chamber is connected with the low-pressure turbine, the tail gas discharge channel of the cathode of the fuel cell is directly connected with the high-pressure turbine, the right end of the high-pressure turbine is connected with the low-pressure turbine, the end of the low-pressure turbine is connected with the generator, and simultaneously, tail gas discharged by the low-pressure turbine is connected with the heat exchanger through the tail gas circulation pipeline.
2. The fuel cell-gas turbine topping combined cycle power generation system of claim 1 wherein the methane flow conduit is flanged to a methane reformer; the air circulation pipeline is connected with the cathode of the fuel cell through flange connection; the hydrogen gas flow pipe is connected with the anode of the fuel cell through flange connection.
3. The fuel cell-gas turbine novel topping combined cycle power generation system of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen gas circulation pipe and the air circulation pipe are externally sleeved with ceramic pipes to perform the functions of heat preservation and heat insulation.
4. The fuel cell-gas turbine novel topping combined cycle power generation system of claim 1 wherein the hydrogen flow conduit and the methane flow conduit are made of stainless steel material.
5. The fuel cell-gas turbine novel top combined cycle power generation system of claim 1, wherein the fuel used by the fuel cell power generation system is methane, and the methane is generated by fermenting crop straws and biomass with branches and leaves.
6. The fuel cell-gas turbine novel topping combined cycle power generation system of claim 1 wherein the gas turbine starter motor powers the gas turbine through a wind generator.
7. A method for realizing cyclic power generation by using the fuel cell-gas turbine novel topping combined cycle power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, when the biomass fuel cell is used for household or industrial power generation, methane is generated through biomass fermentation, the methane generated through fermentation is introduced into a methane reformer through a methane circulation pipeline, the methane reforms hydrogen in the methane reformer, the hydrogen enters the anode of the fuel cell through a hydrogen circulation pipeline, meanwhile, a wind driven generator supplies power to a starting motor of a gas turbine, the starting motor drives a gas compressor to start working, air enters the cathode of the fuel cell after being compressed by the gas compressor, and at the moment, the hydrogen and the air generate electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell;
step S2: in the fuel cell, the cathode high-temperature and high-pressure tail gas after the reaction of hydrogen and air is introduced into a high-pressure turbine through a tail gas discharge pipeline to do work, and the tail gas after the work is introduced into a catalytic combustion chamber;
step S3, in the fuel cell, discharging the anode high-temperature and high-pressure tail gas after the reaction of hydrogen and air into a catalytic combustion chamber through a tail gas discharge pipeline, and performing catalytic combustion with the cathode tail gas after the work of a high-pressure turbine; high-temperature gas generated after catalytic combustion is introduced into a low-pressure turbine to do work, and high-temperature tail gas after doing work enters a heat exchanger through tail gas to exchange heat with methane, so that the methane before reforming is preheated.
CN202110522479.5A 2021-05-13 2021-05-13 Novel top-layer combined cycle power generation system and method of fuel cell-gas turbine Pending CN113270612A (en)

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Application publication date: 20210817