CN113269388A - Power grid index analysis system under power industry demand side load response - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power grid index analysis system under demand side load response of the power industry, which is characterized in that: the constraint index of the power distribution network to the new load is considered from three aspects of the operation safety, reliability and stability of the power distribution network. The basic flow is as follows: firstly, determining a load value and an operation mode of a power supply area, setting boundary conditions such as voltage, load rate of each node, system load, line and transformation parameter conditions, calculating and meeting the maximum capacity of new load admission in each typical scene by adjusting the reactive power, and reflecting the demand response of a main network load side. And then, whether the operation indexes meet the operation index requirements of the power system in each system operation mode is sequentially analyzed, if not, the load flow calculation parameters are adjusted to carry out calculation, then the load under each system operation mode has a direct relation with the new load receiving capacity, and finally the receiving capacity of the distributed power supply meeting each index is obtained. The method has practical guiding significance for accessing new loads to the power distribution network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power grid index analysis system under demand side load response of the power industry, and belongs to the technical field of power grid index analysis, consultation and planning of the power industry.
Background
The 21 st century is a period of great development of the power industry, the level of renewable energy utilization technology is continuously improved, a great deal of renewable energy is developed and utilized if the renewable energy is available, and the process of replacing firewood, coal, oil and natural gas with electric energy is accelerated. The electric energy substitution must be consistent with the economic level and the scientific and technical development level of energy and electric manufacturing, and the economy and the rationality are required; with the development of economy, the improvement of the living standard of people is implemented step by step, and the electric power proportion in the terminal energy consumption of the whole society is improved under possible conditions. With the development of the power industry, the production process of electric energy is more and more economical and cleaner, the safety and automation level of a power grid is higher and higher, and the good support is provided for electric energy substitution, so that the supply of electric power is guaranteed.
Electric energy substitution can be applied in many aspects, and more iron and steel enterprises and ceramic enterprises in industry use electric heating to substitute coal or oil heating; electric appliances such as electric rice cookers, induction cookers, microwave ovens and the like are applied in life; the electric railway is rapidly developed in traffic, and the electric automobile is widely popularized. In the later development process, the electric energy can become a preferred energy source for the society with the superiority of the electric energy, so that the third energy source replacement in the history of human beings is completed.
A large amount of energy substitutes will produce the influence of different effects to the operation of electric wire netting, need whole consideration and strict each item index of accuse electric wire netting, whether satisfy the requirement of national standard, guarantee the stability of electric wire netting, economic, the index of safe operation. The patent relates to a power grid index analysis system under the condition of power industry demand side load response, in particular to a power grid index analysis method under the condition of power industry demand side load response.
The prior method mainly has the following problems:
(1) the existing power grid indexes are a series analysis method which takes voltage, frequency and waveform as three basic quantities, and also has power supply reliability, voltage drop and recovery time, harmonic content, three-phase unbalance degree and the like without planning and increasing.
(2) The existing power grid operation is the operation which ensures the safety, stability and economy of the power grid. The quality of the electric energy is mainly reflected whether the voltage, the current, the waveform and the frequency of the quality of the electric energy meet the requirements or not. The voltage deviation rate and the voltage fluctuation need to be analyzed by referring to the reactive compensation configuration degree and the ratio of the on-load tap changer in the power grid. The frequency qualification rate needs to be analyzed by combining indexes related to peak regulation capacity, such as a power supply structure, a peak-valley difference, a power supply standby rate and the like in a power grid. The problems of electric energy quality such as flicker, harmonic wave, negative sequence and the like need to be combined with the application conditions of an interference load ratio and a static reactive power compensation device in a power grid. A set of parameters and theoretical models are rarely planned.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a power grid index analysis method of a constraint index system of a power distribution network for new load access under the condition of load response on a demand side in the power industry. When the load is connected to the power distribution network, the new load (electricity instead of coal, oil and gas) is influenced by natural conditions, social factors and the like, and various uncertainties of the new load are displayed. Therefore, after the power distribution network is connected with a new load, the safety, reliability, stability and other problems of the operation of the power distribution system are inevitably influenced, such as voltage change, reactive compensation, harmonic waves, a system N-1 and the like after the new load is connected. Therefore, the constraint index of the power distribution network to the new load should be considered from three aspects of the safety, the reliability and the stability of the operation of the power distribution network. And a powerful support is provided for constructing a green and environment-friendly power distribution network.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the research analyzes the safety, reliability and stability of the power grid respectively. The stability of the power grid can be analyzed from indexes such as voltage deviation and voltage fluctuation; reliability can be evaluated from reliability analysis of the power distribution network system after new load access; safety can be assessed by checking the power delivery N-1, N-2 and the load rate of the distribution network. During calculation, analysis of a distribution system adaptive to new loads is considered, so that a load value and an operation mode of a power supply area are determined at first, boundary conditions such as voltage, active power and reactive power of each node, the output condition of the new loads and the like are set, and the maximum capacity of new load admission meeting each typical scene is calculated by adjusting the reactive power. And then, whether the operation indexes meet the requirements of the power system operation indexes of 'power distribution network planning design guide rules' and relevant guide rules under the operation modes of the systems is sequentially analyzed, and if not, the load flow calculation parameters are adjusted for calculation. The load under each system operation mode has a direct relation with the new load accepting capacity, and the larger the load, the stronger the net rack and the higher the new load accepting capacity, so when planning and setting a load area, analysis should be performed according to the typical scene of the area.
New energy absorption capacity constraint index-stability
Stability: it is a requirement that all electrical equipment in an electrical power system must operate at a voltage, current and frequency that does not exceed their permitted voltages, currents and frequencies, not only in normal operating situations, but also in accident situations. Therefore, the safety of the power system represents the capability of maintaining continuous power supply in the power system under the accident condition in a short time, and belongs to the problem to be considered in the real-time operation of the power system. Therefore, the safety indexes of the new load access distribution network are summarized as follows.
1. Deviation of voltage
The voltage tolerance refers to the fact that the operating index and the rated life of the consumer are relative to the rated voltage. When voltage deviation occurs on the terminal, the operation parameters and the service life of the terminal are influenced, the influence degree is different according to the size, the duration and the equipment condition of the deviation, and the voltage deviation calculation formula is as follows:
voltage deviation (%) - (actual voltage-rated voltage)/rated voltage × 100%
The state provides the allowable deviation of the power supply voltage of the power receiving end of a user under the normal operation condition of an electric power system in the 'allowable deviation of power quality supply voltage' (GB 12325-2008): (1) the sum of the positive and negative deviation absolute values of the power supply voltage of 35kV and above does not exceed 10% of the nominal voltage; (2) the deviation of the three-phase power supply voltage of 10kV and below is +/-7% of the nominal voltage; (3) the deviation of the 220V single-phase power supply voltage is + 7% to-10% of the nominal voltage.
2. Voltage fluctuation and flicker
The voltage fluctuation and flicker are obtained by revising the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standard IEC6100-3-7 and the like on the basis of the original standard GB12326-90, and are suitable for the occasions where the rapid fluctuation of the voltage at the point of common connection caused by the fluctuating load and the human perception of the light flicker caused thereby are apparent, and the standard stipulates the flicker limit values at each level of voltage, as shown in table 0-2.
TABLE 0-1 Voltage fluctuation Limit
Table 0-2 voltage flicker limits at each level
| Standard voltage (kV) | ≤110 | >110 |
| Long time flicker limit | 1 | 0.8 |
As shown in the above tables 0-2, the values in the grid are only suitable for the situation where all users connected to the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) are of the same voltage class, Pst is a short-time flicker value, that is, a statistical value for measuring flicker strength in a short time (several minutes); plt is a long-time flicker value, which is derived from Pst and reflects a statistical measure of flicker intensity over a long period of time (several hours).
For a balanced three-phase load, the voltage variation is calculated as follows:
in the formula: delta SiIs the amount of change in load capacity;
SSCto consider the minimum short circuit capacity of a point (typically PCC).
When the variation of the active power and the reactive power of the known three-phase load is respectively delta PiAnd Δ QiThen, it is calculated using the following equation:
in the formula: rL、XLRespectively the resistance and the electricity of the gridAn anti-component.
In high-voltage networks, X is commonL＞＞RLThen, then
In the formulae (6-1) to (6-3), Δ Si、ΔPiAnd Δ QiIs determined according to the nature of the load change.
For voltage variation caused by single-phase load variation between certain phases
3. Voltage unbalance
The 'allowable unbalance degree of three-phase voltage of power quality' (GB/T15543-2008) is applicable to the voltage unbalance of a PCC point connecting point caused by a negative sequence component in the normal operation mode of a power system with 50Hz rated alternating current frequency, and the standard provides that: the allowable value of the unbalance degree of the common connection point of the power system in a normal operation mode is 2%, and the short time can not exceed 4%. Moreover, the standard also explains: the unbalance tolerance refers to an actual measurement of the voltage unbalance caused by the load during the maximum production (operation) period in the minimum mode (or smaller mode) of the normal operation of the power system, for example, the steel making arc furnace should measure during the melting period. When determining the permissible imbalance indicator for three-phase voltages, the standard specifies a 95% probability value as the weighing value. The allowable value of the unbalance degree in the normal operation mode is compared with the arithmetic mean value of five approximate numerical values actually measured on the occasion with small fluctuation; for the occasion with larger fluctuation, the probability value is compared with the actually measured 95 percent probability value; to determine if qualified. The short-time allowed value is a limit value which cannot be exceeded at any time so as to guarantee the protection and the correct action of the automatic device.
Expression of degree of unbalance:
in the formula:
u1-positive sequence component square root mean square of three-phase voltage, unit is volt (V)
U2-negative sequence component square root mean square of three-phase voltage, unit is volt (V)
U0-zero sequence component square root mean square of three-phase voltage, unit is volt (V)
4. Harmonic wave
Harmonic (Harmonic) is a component of the periodic variable flow rate which is decomposed in the fourier series, and the component has a frequency which is an integral multiple of a fundamental frequency greater than 1, and is generated by a nonlinear load in a power grid. Total harmonic distortion rates (shown in tables 0-3) of all voltage levels, limit values of all single odd-order voltage content rates and all single even-order voltage content rates, and allowable values of harmonic current (injected for 2-25 times) of a public connection point of a power grid are specified in the harmonic waves (GB/T14549-93) of the power quality public power grid; and the allowable value of harmonic current injected into the power grid by each user of the same public connection point is distributed according to the ratio of the protocol capacity of the user at the point to the capacity of the power supply equipment of the public connection point so as to embody the fairness of power supply and distribution.
TABLE 0-3 Utility grid harmonic Voltage Limit (PCC)
Note: the 220kV voltage class is performed with reference to 110 kV.
TABLE 0-4 allowable values for harmonic current injected into Point of Common Coupling (PCC)
Note: the 220kV reference short circuit capacity is 2000 MVA.
TABLE 0-5 table for taking value of each harmonic phase superposition coefficient alpha
| h | 3 | 5 | 7 | 11 | 13 | 9，>13, even order |
| α | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.0 |
For a photovoltaic power station, due to uncertain factors such as climate and the like, when the solar panel outputs electric energy, a power grid generates a plurality of unstable factors due to more harmonic waves, and certain influence is brought to the quality of the electric energy, so that the harmonic elimination problem must be fully considered when the photovoltaic power station is subjected to primary voltage boosting.
Harmonic calculation expression:
the allowable value of the h harmonic current injected into the common connection point by the ith user is
In the formula: sk1-actual minimum short circuit capacity of the point of common connection, MVA;
Sk2-reference short circuit capacity, MVA;
Ihp-the h-th harmonic current allowable value, a, in tables 4-6;
Si-electricity usage protocol capacity, MVA, of the ith user;
St-system power supply equipment capacity of the point of common connection, MVA;
α — phase superposition coefficient.
5. Short circuit current
The distribution network planning should reasonably control the short-circuit capacity of each level of voltage from the aspects of network structure, voltage grade, impedance selection and operation mode, transformer capacity and the like, so that the on-off current of each level of voltage circuit breaker is matched with the dynamic and thermal stable current of related equipment. The short-circuit current level of the bus in the substation should generally not exceed the corresponding values in tables 0-6.
TABLE 0-6 SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT LIMITING VALUES FOR VARIABLE VOLTAGE LEVELS
Short circuit current expression
After the distributed power supply is connected, a short-circuit current exceeding node is increased in proportion according to the formula (0-7), and the calculation of the index only considers the operation mode (one mode) with the most serious influence of the distributed power supply on the short-circuit current of the power grid.
In the formula:
after the KSCDG-distributed power supply is connected, the proportion of the nodes with the short-circuit current exceeding the standard is increased, and the unit is;
NSCDG, the number of nodes with the short-circuit current exceeding 95% of the switch interruption capacity after the distributed power supply is connected is counted;
the number of nodes with the short-circuit current exceeding 95% of the switch breaking capacity before the NSC-distributed power supply is connected is one;
nNOD，Iand calculating the number of nodes in unit of the short-circuit current of the power grid at a certain voltage level in the area.
New energy consumption capacity constraint index-reliability
Reliability: the probability index is a probability index of long-time uninterrupted continuous power supply of a power system to a user.
1. Normal power supply probability ASAI of electric network
Also known as distribution grid availability or power reliability. The asai (average service availability index) is a ratio of time in a reliable working state to total operation time of the power distribution network satisfying a certain reliability criterion in long-term operation, and can be calculated or counted by using the following formula:
in the formula UiIs the equivalent annual average power failure time, N, of the load point iiThe number of users at load point i.
2. Distribution network fault frequency SAIFI
Also called the average power failure frequency index of the power distribution network. The saifi (system Average Interruption Frequency index) is the Average number of times that the power distribution network fails to meet the reliability criterion due to a fault in a unit time (one year), resulting in power failure or power shortage for users. The cumulative number of user outages in a year can be divided by the total number of users supplying power to the system to estimate:
in the formula ofiIs the equivalent failure rate of load point i.
3. Mean time of failure SAIDI of power distribution network
Also called the average power failure duration index of the power distribution network. Saidi (system Average Interruption Duration index) is the Average time of power failure or lack of power to a user, which is the Average time that the power grid does not meet the reliability criterion due to the fault in a unit time (one year). This can be estimated by the sum of the duration of the power outage experienced by the users in a year divided by the total number of users in the year that are powered by the system:
safety of new energy consumption ability constraint index
Safety: the method is a state that a power system can continue to normally supply power to a load after being disturbed, and mainly comprises the following steps: and (4) checking by N-1, and carrying out load rate (line load rate and converter load).
1. Satisfies N-1
"satisfy N-1" means that when the high voltage distribution network is in N-1 outage, the power grid should be able to keep stable operation and normal power supply, other elements should not exceed the regulations of accident overload, no load is lost, and voltage and frequency are all in the allowable range.
2. Rate of load
After the distributed power supply is connected, the proportion of the full-load transformer and the overload transformer is increased in the formula (0-11).
In the formula:
nTS, the number of transformers of a power grid with a certain voltage level in a region is one;
nTSi is the change condition of full load or overload of the first transformer after the distributed power supply is connected.
The calculation requirements according to chapter 8 of Standard of distributed Power supply Access grid evaluation guide rulesConsidering m (m is more than or equal to 1) operation modes, the transformer substation i is fully loaded or overloaded in m (m is more than or equal to mPi is more than or equal to 0) modes before the distributed power supply is connected, and in mDGi (m is more than or equal to mDGi is more than or equal to 0) modes after the distributed power supply is connected, if (mDGi-mPi)>0, then nTiIf (mDGi-mPi) ═ 0, then nTi0 Ruo (mDGi-mPi)<0, then nTi＝-1。
The proportion of the increase of the full load line and the overload line after the distributed power supply is connected is shown in the formula (0-12).
In the formula:
mL represents the number of power grid lines of a certain voltage class in a region, and the unit is one;
mLi-Change in the i-th line load or overload after distributed Power Access.
According to the calculation requirements of chapter 8 of the standard of distributed power supply access grid evaluation guidance, m (m is more than or equal to 1) operation modes are considered, a line i is fully loaded or overloaded in a mode of mPi (m is more than or equal to mPi is more than or equal to 0) before the distributed power supply is accessed, a line i is fully loaded or overloaded in a mode of mdbi (m is more than or equal to mdbi is more than or equal to 0) after the distributed power supply is accessed, if (mdbi-mPi) >0, mLCi is 1, if (mdbi-mPi), m is 0, and if (dgmi-mPi), m is 0, mLCi is-1.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a constraint index system for new load access by a distribution network;
FIG. 2 grid constraint index frame diagram
Detailed Description
1. Planning a regional power grid, classifying loads, overall planning the number of the loads and calculating.
2. And estimating the long-term load data of the distant view, and performing data prediction operation.
3. And calculating the predicted values of the sub-industries in the power industry, and analyzing and evaluating the results.
4. The power grid evaluation index system of the power industry can be applied to summary evaluation of power grid development, evaluation of power grid planning results and decision and analysis of power grid projects.
The index system establishes a quantitative evaluation model to promote the transformation of power grid planning from qualitative analysis as a main part to qualitative and quantitative combination. The application of the index system advances the transition from extensive to lean planning.
The value orientation of power grid development is mainly reflected in that safe and stable operation of a power grid is the primary target of power grid development, reliable and high-quality electric energy is provided for users as the final target of power grid development, power grid coordination sustainable development is the higher target of power grid development, economy and high efficiency of power grid development become important aspects of power grid development attention, and strong intelligent power grids are the inevitable trend of future power grid development. From the characteristics and value orientation of power grid development, the power grid development evaluation can be divided into a safe, reliable and economic system.
Claims (4)
1. A power grid index analysis method under the condition of demand side load response in the power industry is characterized by comprising the following steps: the constraint index of the power distribution network to the new load should be considered from three aspects of the safety, the reliability and the stability of the operation of the power distribution network.
2. The power industry-based system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the new load (electricity instead of coal, oil, and gas) is influenced by natural conditions and social factors, and shows its uncertainty, so that the grid stability can be analyzed from voltage deviation, voltage fluctuation and flicker, voltage imbalance, harmonic waves, and short-circuit current indexes; reliability can be evaluated from reliability analysis of the power distribution network system after new load access; safety can be assessed by checking the power delivery N-1, N-2 and the load rate of the distribution network.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the analysis of the distribution system under new load is taken into account when calculating based on the power industry, so that the load value and the operation mode of the power supply area are determined, boundary conditions such as voltage, active power and reactive power of each node, new load output condition and the like are set, the maximum capacity of new load acceptance under each typical scene is calculated by adjusting the reactive power, then whether the operation index meets the requirements of the power system operation index of the power distribution network planning design guide rule and the relevant guide rule under each system operation mode is sequentially analyzed, and if not, the load flow calculation parameters are adjusted for calculation.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the load under each system operation mode in the power industry is directly related to the new load receiving capacity, and the larger the load is, the stronger the grid is and the higher the new load receiving capacity is, so that when a load area is set, analysis should be performed according to a typical scene of the area.
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