CN113267889B - Design method of secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate - Google Patents

Design method of secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113267889B
CN113267889B CN202110638324.8A CN202110638324A CN113267889B CN 113267889 B CN113267889 B CN 113267889B CN 202110638324 A CN202110638324 A CN 202110638324A CN 113267889 B CN113267889 B CN 113267889B
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zone plate
fresnel zone
axis
secondary phase
axis fresnel
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CN113267889A (en
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谭鑫
杨琳
焦庆斌
马振予
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Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics of CAS
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Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0012Optical design, e.g. procedures, algorithms, optimisation routines
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1876Diffractive Fresnel lenses; Zone plates; Kinoforms

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
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  • Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a design method of a secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate, which comprises the following steps: s1, determining aberration to be corrected in a chromatography microscopic optical path system; s2, determining grid line distribution of the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate by utilizing coordinates of the first exposure point and the second exposure point according to distribution of aberration to be corrected. The secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate provided by the invention can realize chromatography and system aberration correction at the same time, improves the imaging quality of a system and reduces the complexity of the system.

Description

Design method of secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical imaging, and particularly relates to a method for designing a difference tomography secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate for eliminating an image.
Background
In research in the biomedical field, imaging analysis testing equipment is an important tool for observing structural morphology and life state of cells and biological tissues, wherein microscopic imaging instruments are the most commonly used imaging tools in life science research. The traditional optical microscope can only acquire a two-dimensional distribution diagram of the light wave intensity of the measured object, can not give out three-dimensional space information of the measured object, and is difficult to meet the requirements of increasingly developed biomedical research. The optical microscopic tomography technology is a technical means capable of realizing the measurement of the three-dimensional structure inside the sample. Typical techniques at present comprise optical projection chromatography, laser scanning confocal microscopy and the like which are based on measured light intensity, have low imaging contrast for phase biological samples and low scattering samples, and are subjected to point-by-point scanning by utilizing the confocal technology, so that the restriction of low imaging speed exists. The three-dimensional microscopic imaging technology based on the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate breaks the limit of most of the existing three-dimensional microscopic imaging technology on the coherence of a light source, and radically weakens the problems of sample photobleaching, photodamage and the like caused by strong incident light. And the real-time property of the captured image is particularly suitable for living biological cell imaging, so that the problem of image acquisition error at different moments caused by too fast cell movement is avoided. Meanwhile, the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate is simple to manufacture and low in cost, and the cost of the whole chromatographic microscope system is much lower than that of a confocal microscope.
In the prior art, although the tomography microscopic imaging technology based on the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate can realize real-time three-dimensional microscopic imaging of a sample to be detected, in order to improve the utilization rate of microscope output energy, the microscopic imaging system has a relatively simple structure, has no design about aberration reduction of the system, and is difficult to realize output with higher imaging quality. The introduction of new devices necessarily increases the complexity of the system and reduces the utilization of the output energy of the microscope.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a design method of a secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate, which aims to solve the problem that aberration influences imaging quality in the existing chromatography microscopic optical path, and can realize two functions of chromatography and reducing system aberration. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
the design of the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate comprises the following steps:
s1, determining aberration to be corrected existing in a chromatographic microscopy system light path;
s2, calculating and utilizing coordinates of the first exposure point and the second exposure point to determine grid line distribution of the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate according to distribution of aberration to be corrected.
Preferably, step S2 further comprises the steps of:
S21, calculating coordinates of a first exposure point A (x A,yA, 0) and a second exposure point B (x B,yB, 0), and designing grid line distribution of a secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate by utilizing interference fringes of the coordinates on a holographic surface formed in a chromatographic microscopy system light path to correct aberration to be corrected;
S22, setting an optimization function to optimize the first exposure point and the second exposure point so as to limit the imaging position of zero-order diffraction of the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate, and further correcting the aberration to be corrected;
s23, setting multiple structures in diffraction order parameters of the holographic surface to realize layered chromatography.
Preferably, step S21 comprises the steps of:
S211, obtaining an expression F (i,j) corresponding to different aberrations by using a power expansion of an optical path function F (w, l):
wherein (w, l) is the y-axis and z-axis coordinates of any point P on the base of the quadratic phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate,
K is the aberration order;
S212, establishing an equation set of an expression F (i,j), and solving coordinates of a first exposure point and a second exposure point of r A、rB, alpha and beta:
xA=rA×cosα,yA=rA×sinα,
xB=rB×cosβ,yB=rB×sinβ, (2)
wherein r A is the distance from the first exposure point A to the center AO of the substrate,
R B is the distance from the second exposure point B to the substrate center BO,
Alpha is the included angle between AO and the x-axis,
Beta is the angle between BO and x-axis.
Preferably, k=4.
Preferably, the method further comprises step S3:
And S3, programming and calculating a mask of the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate according to the coordinates of the first exposure point and the second exposure point, and manufacturing the off-axis Fresnel zone plate.
The invention can obtain the following technical effects:
1. The imaging system has two functions of chromatography and system aberration correction, improves the imaging quality of the system and reduces the complexity of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of designing a secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of a chromatographic microscopy system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of spherical aberration detection according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of ray tracing of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a secondary phase off-axis fresnel zone plate imaging of one embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. The secondary phase off-axis fresnel zone plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The invention aims to provide a design method of a secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate, which optimizes the position of an exposure point to reduce the influence of spherical aberration of a microscopic system on imaging by writing an optimization function of the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate in optical design software, and then realizes the function of imaging by utilizing different diffraction orders by designing parameters of the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate. The method for designing the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate provided by the invention is described in detail through specific embodiments.
Referring to the design method flow of the secondary phase off-axis fresnel zone plate shown in fig. 1, S1: determining the system aberration to be corrected existing in the chromatographic microscopy system optical path, and S2: and selecting two exposure points for existing system aberration, determining and optimizing grid line distribution of the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate by utilizing interference fringes formed by the two exposure points on the holographic surface, and setting multiple structures in diffraction order parameters of the holographic surface to realize layered chromatography.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the chromatographic microscope system optical path based on the secondary phase off-axis fresnel zone plate as shown in fig. 2, the Zemax software is used to perform a chromatographic optical path simulation analysis to determine the aberration distribution as shown in fig. 3 existing in the whole system, thus determining that the chromatographic microscope system contains spherical aberration.
And selecting two exposure points, and correcting spherical aberration existing in the system by utilizing interference fringes formed on a holographic surface in a light path of the chromatographic microscopy system.
As shown in fig. 5, a rectangular coordinate system xoy with the center point O of the secondary phase off-axis fresnel zone plate 1 as the origin is established, the normal direction of the surface of the secondary phase off-axis fresnel zone plate 1 is the x-axis, the grid line direction perpendicular to the secondary phase off-axis fresnel zone plate is the y-axis, and the grid line direction parallel to the secondary phase off-axis fresnel zone plate is the z-axis.
A is an object point, the m-th diffraction light after the light emitted by the object point is diffracted by the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate 1 is imaged on an image point B, P is any point on the substrate of the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate 1, and the optical path function of the light APB can be expressed as follows:
wherein n is the grating density of the quadratic phase off-axis fresnel zone plate 1.
Performing power series expansion:
wherein F (i,j) corresponds to different aberrations, the higher the aberration order, the less the effect on the spectral imaging of the secondary phase off-axis fresnel zone plate 1.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, let k=4, the expression corresponding to defocus can be obtained:
Expression corresponding to meridian coma:
expression corresponding to sagittal coma:
An expression corresponding to spherical aberration:
Wherein lambda is the wavelength used by the off-axis Fresnel zone plate, lambda 0 is the recording wavelength of the off-axis Fresnel zone plate,
N 10、n20、n12、n30、n40、n22 and n 04 are coefficients of the grid line distribution function of the quadratic phase off-axis fresnel zone plate 1, i.e. aberration correction coefficients.
The parameters r A、rB, alpha and beta of the off-axis Fresnel zone plate which is required to be manufactured for correcting the spherical aberration can be obtained by establishing an equation set through formulas (7), (8) and (9), and the coordinates of the point A and the point B obtained at the moment are the coordinates of the first exposure point and the second exposure point:
xA=rA×cosα,yA=rA×sinα,
xB=rB×cosβ,yB=rB×sinβ, (2)
wherein r A is the distance from the first exposure point A to the center AO of the substrate,
R B is the distance from the second exposure point B to the substrate center BO,
Alpha is the angle between AO and the x-axis.
At this time, the grating distribution of the secondary phase off-axis fresnel zone plate 1 is designed using interference fringes formed at the hologram surface by the first exposure point a (x A,yA, 0) and the second exposure point B (x B,yB, 0).
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the optimization of the first exposure point a (x A,yA, 0) and the second exposure point B (x B,yB, 0) is continued by setting an optimization function to limit the imaging position of the zero-order diffraction of the secondary phase off-axis fresnel zone plate 1.
Meanwhile, by arranging multiple structures in the diffraction order parameters of the holographic surface (the step is the prior art and is not repeated), the aim of realizing layering chromatography while correcting the spherical aberration is fulfilled.
And finally, calculating an off-axis Fresnel zone plate mask by Matlab software programming, and manufacturing the off-axis Fresnel zone plate by wet etching.
In another embodiment of the invention, according to the Fermat principle, ideal imaging theorem and the like, the Matlab software is used for carrying out ray tracing on the chromatographic microscopic optical path system subjected to spherical aberration correction, and the verification result is shown in fig. 4, namely, an object point A and an object point C on an optical axis are subjected to secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate correction and chromatography designed by the invention and then imaged at the point A 'and the point C', so that functions of chromatography and system aberration correction are realized.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
The above embodiments of the present invention do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any of various other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The design method of the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, determining aberration to be corrected existing in a chromatographic microscopy system light path;
S2, calculating and utilizing coordinates of a first exposure point and a second exposure point to determine grid line distribution of a secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate according to the distribution of the aberration to be corrected;
Step S2 further comprises the steps of:
S21, calculating the first exposure point And the second exposure spot/>The grid line distribution of the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate is designed by utilizing interference fringes on a holographic surface formed in a chromatographic microscopy system light path, the aberration to be corrected is corrected, A is an object point, the m-th diffraction light is imaged on an image point B after the light emitted by the lens is diffracted by the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate, a rectangular coordinate system xoy taking the center point O of the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate as an original point is established, the surface normal direction of the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate is an x-axis, the grid line direction of the vertical secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate is a y-axis, and the grid line direction of the parallel secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate is a z-axis;
s22, setting an optimization function to optimize the first exposure point and the second exposure point so as to limit the imaging position of zero-order diffraction of the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate, and further correcting the aberration to be corrected;
S23, setting multiple structures in diffraction order parameters of the holographic surface to realize layered chromatography.
2. The method of designing a secondary phase off-axis fresnel zone plate according to claim 1, wherein step S21 comprises the steps of:
s211, utilizing an optical path function The power-level expansion of (2) to obtain the expressions/>, corresponding to different said aberrations:
(1)
Wherein,For y-axis and z-axis coordinates of any point P on the base of the secondary phase off-axis fresnel zone plate,
K is the aberration order;
s212, establishing the expression Solving the equation set concerning/>Coordinates of the first exposure point and the second exposure point:
(2)
wherein, For the distance of the first exposure spot a to the substrate center AO,
For the distance of the second exposure point B to the substrate center BO,
Is the included angle between AO and the x-axis,
Is the angle between BO and x-axis.
3. The method of designing a secondary phase off-axis fresnel zone plate of claim 2, wherein k = 4.
4. The method of designing a secondary phase off-axis fresnel zone plate of claim 1, further comprising step S3:
And S3, programming and calculating the mask of the secondary phase off-axis Fresnel zone plate according to the coordinates of the first exposure point and the second exposure point, and manufacturing the off-axis Fresnel zone plate.
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