CN113267799B - Underwater quantum ranging method based on starlight quantum link transmission - Google Patents
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005314 correlation function Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WYOHGPUPVHHUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium;oxygen(2-);titanium(4+);phosphate Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[Ti+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WYOHGPUPVHHUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- QKWQORCYHKHWNW-UHFFFAOYSA-K [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.O.[K+].[Ti+4] Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.O.[K+].[Ti+4] QKWQORCYHKHWNW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
- G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/42—Determining position
- G01S19/45—Determining position by combining measurements of signals from the satellite radio beacon positioning system with a supplementary measurement
- G01S19/47—Determining position by combining measurements of signals from the satellite radio beacon positioning system with a supplementary measurement the supplementary measurement being an inertial measurement, e.g. tightly coupled inertial
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/10—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration
- G01C21/12—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning
- G01C21/16—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation
- G01C21/165—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation combined with non-inertial navigation instruments
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C22/00—Measuring distance traversed on the ground by vehicles, persons, animals or other moving solid bodies, e.g. using odometers, using pedometers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
- G01S1/70—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/24—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system
- G01S19/25—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system involving aiding data received from a cooperating element, e.g. assisted GPS
- G01S19/258—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system involving aiding data received from a cooperating element, e.g. assisted GPS relating to the satellite constellation, e.g. almanac, ephemeris data, lists of satellites in view
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/35—Constructional details or hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
- G01S19/37—Hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
- G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/393—Trajectory determination or predictive tracking, e.g. Kalman filtering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
- G01J2001/4413—Type
- G01J2001/442—Single-photon detection or photon counting
Abstract
The invention provides an underwater quantum ranging method based on starry-starry light quantum link transmission. Firstly, establishing a light quantum communication link by using an aiming tracking technology, generating pump light by using a laser on a satellite, injecting the pump light into a periodically polarized titanium potassium oxygen phosphate crystal, performing spontaneous parametric down-conversion to obtain signal light and idle light with entanglement characteristics, respectively transmitting the signal light and the idle light to a sea surface station 1 and a sea surface station 2, and receiving photons by using single photon detectors of the two sea surface stations; secondly, the sea surface station 1 is sunk, the sea surface station 2 floats on the sea surface, and the position of the sea surface station 1 is tracked; then, a single photon detector on the sea surface station 1 is used for emitting photons to a target, and the photons are received by the single photon detector after being reflected by the target; and finally, performing coincidence counting on the time pulse sequences output by the single photon detectors of the two sea surface stations by using a high-speed acquisition circuit, solving the flight time of the signal light, and further calculating the distance between the sea surface station 1 and the target.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-precision distance measurement of underwater targets, in particular to an underwater quantum distance measurement method based on starlight quantum link transmission.
Background
The traditional underwater ranging technology mainly utilizes laser and ultrasonic waves to carry out ranging on a target, and the principle is that ranging signals are transmitted to the target and reflected back to a transmitting end through the target, so that the time difference from the transmitting end to the target is obtained, and then the distance between the transmitting end and the target is calculated. The traditional underwater laser ranging technology is easily influenced by signal stability and multipath propagation of light and is not suitable for long-distance measurement. In addition, in the underwater ultrasonic ranging, the sound velocity changes due to pressure and temperature in a turbulent environment, so that a large error is generated between a measured distance and an actual distance. The traditional underwater ranging technology has the problems of low precision, limited measuring range and the like, and restricts the improvement of the underwater target detection level. Therefore, the development of the underwater ranging technology must explore a novel ranging method, and quantum ranging has the advantages of high precision and high security, so quantum ranging is one of the development directions of the future underwater ranging technology.
The quantum ranging calculates the flight time of photons by transmitting and receiving the entangled photon pairs, utilizing the high synchronization and high confidentiality characteristics of the entangled photon pairs and performing coincidence counting on the collected photons according to the second-order correlation characteristics, thereby obtaining the distance between the detector and the target. The method can achieve centimeter-level measurement accuracy, and can realize high-accuracy and high-safety underwater target detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an underwater quantum ranging method based on starlight quantum link transmission. Compared with the traditional underwater ranging method, the underwater high-precision target ranging method disclosed by the invention realizes underwater high-precision target ranging by utilizing the high synchronization and high confidentiality characteristics of entangled optical photons.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an underwater quantum ranging method based on starlight quantum link transmission comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: beacon light is transmitted by utilizing a satellite and telescopes of two sea surface stations, wherein the sea surface station 1 is a floating and sinking beacon, the sea surface station 2 is a ship, and a satellite light quantum link is established by an Aiming Tracking and Pointing (ATP) technology;
step two: generating pump light by using a continuous narrow linewidth semiconductor laser loaded on a satellite, wherein the bandwidth of the pump light is 160MHz, and collecting the pump light by using an optical fiber and then converging the pump light by using a micro lens of a coupler;
step three: pumping light is incident into a Periodically polarized potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) crystal and subjected to parametric down-conversion to obtain entangled photon pairs;
step four: separating the pump light and the down-conversion light by using a dichroic mirror in a light path, and separating entangled photon pairs by using a polarization beam splitter with the wavelength of 810 nm;
step five: filtering interference light in the environment by using a long-pass filter, and collecting entangled photons by using an optical fiber coupler;
step six: the entangled photon pair is separated into signal light and idle light by a polarization beam splitter, the signal light is emitted to a floating beacon, and the idle light is emitted to a ship.
Step seven: the method comprises the following steps that a single-photon detector 1 and a single-photon detector 2 are respectively loaded on a floating beacon and a ship to collect signal light and idle light, and the position of the floating beacon floating on the water surface and the position of the ship are determined by a Beidou Satellite Navigation System (BDS);
step eight: when the floating and sinking beacon is submerged under water, the position of the floating and sinking beacon is determined by combining the strapdown inertial navigation system, the Doppler log and the pressure sensor. Specifically, according to the motion characteristics of a floating and sinking beacon observed by a strapdown inertial navigation system, a position tracking model is constructed, the speed and the depth of the floating and sinking beacon are calibrated by using a Doppler log and a pressure sensor, and the position tracking of the floating and sinking beacon is realized by applying an error state Kalman filtering method;
step nine: the floating and sinking beacon continuously emits signal light in the sinking process, and the loaded single photon detector 1 is used for detecting the signal light reflected by the target;
step ten: performing coincidence counting on pulse sequences output by the single-photon detector 1 and the single-photon detector 2 to obtain the flight time delta t of the signal light, wherein the time is the total time of the signal light reaching a target from a float-sink beacon and being reflected back to the float-sink beacon by the target;
step eleven: calculating the distance between the floating and sinking beacon and the target:
wherein v is the flight speed of the light quantum under water.
The first step comprises the following steps:
step one (one): according to a guidance law generated by orbit prediction, comprehensive calculation is carried out by utilizing a two-dimensional turntable load on a satellite and a rough tracking detector, a data prediction technology is adopted to make up for the time difference of data source transmission, the azimuth and the pitch angle of the turntable are calculated, and the pointing of the satellite to a sea surface station is completed;
step one (two): calculating the position of the satellite according to the orbit forecast of the ephemeris and the orbit coordinate information by a rough tracking light closed-loop system of the sea surface station, and rotating a two-dimensional turntable on the sea surface station to enable the uplink beacon light to cover the area of the satellite, so as to complete the pointing from the sea surface station to the satellite;
step one (three): scanning an area where a sea surface station is located by using an optical antenna of a satellite, and starting a coarse tracking controller to adjust a scanning mode so that an uplink beacon light emitted by the sea surface station is captured by a coarse tracking detector of the satellite;
step one (four): tracking uplink beacon light, driving a two-dimensional turntable of a satellite to perform pointing adjustment on an optical antenna, introducing the uplink beacon light into a fine tracking module, and then switching the satellite into a fine tracking state to ensure that the uplink beacon light is accurately aligned to the center of a fine tracking detector and realize accurate alignment of an incident optical axis and an optical axis of a main optical antenna;
step one (five): similar to the processing process of the satellite on the uplink beacon light, the sea surface station correspondingly captures, tracks and aims the downlink beacon light emitted by the satellite to realize the establishment of the starlight quantum link;
the step ten comprises the following steps:
step ten (one): collecting two paths of time pulse sequences output by the single-photon detector 1 and the single-photon detector 2, and marking the time pulse sequences as a signal light path CH1 and an idle light path CH 2;
step ten (two): taking CH1 as a basic sequence, adding a given time delay tau to each time sequence point of CH 2;
step ten (three): the setting is made in accordance with the door width delta,performing coincidence counting on CH1 and CH2 once, and when the coincidence gate width is far less than the coherence time tau of the light field to be detectedcThen, a coincidence count value n (tau) and an ideal second order correlation function g are obtained(2)(τ) relationship between:
wherein T is the acquisition time, R1And R2Photon counting rates, gamma, of the single-photon detector 1 and the single-photon detector 2, respectively1And gamma2The sum of the dark counting rate of the single-photon detector 1 and the dark counting rate of the single-photon detector 2 and the counting rate caused by environmental noise respectively;
step ten (four): from equation (2), one can obtain:
when R is2＞＞γ2When (i ═ 1,2), equation (3) can be simplified as:
at this time, the obtained discrete points (. tau., g) are subjected to least square method(2)(τ)) performing curve fitting, and making an abscissa value corresponding to a peak value of the curve as the flight time Δ t of the signal light.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall scheme of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a starlight quantum link model according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a location tracking model of the sink-float beacon of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a coincidence measurement of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of coincidence counting according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail by combining the attached drawings:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a satellite and telescopes of two sea surface stations are used for emitting beacon light, wherein the sea surface station 1 is a floating and sinking beacon, the sea surface station 2 is a ship, and a starship light quantum link is established through an ATP (automatic train protection) technology;
step two: generating pump light by using a continuous narrow linewidth semiconductor laser loaded on a satellite, wherein the bandwidth of the pump light is 160MHz, and collecting the pump light by using an optical fiber and then converging the pump light by using a micro lens of a coupler;
step three: pump light is incident into the PPKTP crystal, and parametric down-conversion is carried out to obtain entangled photon pairs;
step four: separating the pump light and the down-conversion light by using a dichroic mirror in a light path, and separating entangled photon pairs by using a polarization beam splitter with the wavelength of 810 nm;
step five: filtering interference light in the environment by using a long-pass filter, and collecting entangled photons by using an optical fiber coupler;
step six: the entangled photon pair is separated into signal light and idle light by a polarization beam splitter, the signal light is emitted to a floating beacon, and the idle light is emitted to a ship.
Step seven: the single-photon detector 1 and the single-photon detector 2 are respectively arranged on the floating and sinking beacon and the ship to collect signal light and idle light, and the position of the floating and sinking beacon floating on the water surface and the position of the ship are determined by a BDS;
step eight: when the floating and sinking beacon is submerged under water, the position of the floating and sinking beacon is determined by combining the strapdown inertial navigation system, the Doppler log and the pressure sensor. Specifically, according to the motion characteristics of a floating and sinking beacon observed by a strapdown inertial navigation system, a position tracking model is constructed, the speed and the depth of the floating and sinking beacon are calibrated by using a Doppler log and a pressure sensor, and the position tracking of the floating and sinking beacon is realized by applying an error state Kalman filtering method;
step nine: the floating and sinking beacon continuously emits signal light in the sinking process, and the loaded single photon detector 1 is used for detecting the signal light reflected by the target;
step ten: collecting two paths of time pulse sequences output by the single-photon detector 1 and the single-photon detector 2, and respectively marking the two paths of time pulse sequences as a signal light path CH1 and an idle light path CH 2;
step eleven: taking CH1 as a basic sequence, adding a given time delay tau to each time sequence point of CH 2;
step twelve: setting coincidence gate width delta, carrying out coincidence counting on CH1 and CH2 once, and when the coincidence gate width is far smaller than the coherence time tau of the light field to be detectedcThe obtained coincidence counting value n (tau) and the ideal second order correlation function g(2)(τ) relationship between:
wherein T is the acquisition time, R1And R2Photon counting rates, gamma, of the single-photon detector 1 and the single-photon detector 2, respectively1And gamma2The sum of the dark counting rate of the single-photon detector 1 and the dark counting rate of the single-photon detector 2 and the counting rate caused by environmental noise respectively;
step thirteen: from equation (5), one can obtain:
when R is2＞＞γ2When (i ═ 1,2), the equation (6) can be simplified as:
at this time, the obtained discrete points (. tau., g) are subjected to least square method(2)(τ)) performing curve fitting, and making an abscissa value corresponding to a peak value of the curve be a flight time Δ t of the signal light, which is a total time for the signal light to reach the target from the sink-float beacon and to be reflected back to the sink-float beacon by the target;
fourteen steps: calculating the distance between the floating and sinking beacon and the target:
wherein v is the flight speed of the light quantum under water.
The first step comprises the following steps:
step one (one): according to a guidance law generated by orbit prediction, comprehensive calculation is carried out by utilizing a two-dimensional turntable load on a satellite and a rough tracking detector, a data prediction technology is adopted to make up for the time difference of data source transmission, the azimuth and the pitch angle of the turntable are calculated, and the pointing of the satellite to a sea surface station is completed;
step one (two): calculating the position of the satellite according to the orbit forecast of the ephemeris and the orbit coordinate information by a rough tracking light closed-loop system of the sea surface station, and rotating a two-dimensional turntable on the sea surface station to enable the uplink beacon light to cover the area of the satellite, so as to complete the pointing from the sea surface station to the satellite;
step one (three): scanning an area where a sea surface station is located by using an optical antenna of a satellite, and starting a coarse tracking controller to adjust a scanning mode so that an uplink beacon light emitted by the sea surface station is captured by a coarse tracking detector of the satellite;
step one (four): tracking uplink beacon light, driving a two-dimensional turntable of a satellite to perform pointing adjustment on an optical antenna, introducing the uplink beacon light into a fine tracking module, and then switching the satellite into a fine tracking state to ensure that the uplink beacon light is accurately aligned to the center of a fine tracking detector and realize accurate alignment of an incident optical axis and an optical axis of a main optical antenna;
step one (five): similar to the processing process of the satellite on the uplink beacon light, the sea surface station correspondingly captures, tracks and aims the downlink beacon light emitted by the satellite to realize the establishment of the starlight quantum link;
the eighth step comprises the following steps:
step eight (one): taking the BDS positioning result and the short baseline attitude measurement result of the floating and sinking beacon as the initial input of the strapdown inertial navigation system;
step eight (two): observing the motion characteristics of the floating and sinking beacon and constructing a navigation equation with the aid of an inertia measurement unit;
step eight (three): calibrating the speed and the depth of the floating and sinking beacon by using a Doppler log and a pressure sensor, and inputting a calibration value and course information into a Kalman filter;
step eight (four): and correcting the strapdown inertial navigation system in real time by using the system error state calculated by the error state Kalman filtering method, so as to realize the position tracking of the floating and sinking beacon.
Claims (1)
1. An underwater quantum ranging method based on starlight quantum link transmission is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: beacon light is transmitted by utilizing a satellite and telescopes of two sea surface stations, wherein the sea surface station 1 is a floating and sinking beacon, the sea surface station 2 is a ship, and a satellite light quantum link is established by an Aiming Tracking and Pointing (ATP) technology;
step two: generating pump light by using a continuous narrow linewidth semiconductor laser loaded on a satellite, wherein the bandwidth of the pump light is 160MHz, and collecting the pump light by using an optical fiber and then converging the pump light by using a micro lens of a coupler;
step three: pumping light is incident into a Periodically polarized potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) crystal and subjected to parametric down-conversion to obtain entangled photon pairs;
step four: separating the pump light and the down-conversion light by using a dichroic mirror in a light path, and separating entangled photon pairs by using a polarization beam splitter with the wavelength of 810 nm;
step five: filtering interference light in the environment by using a long-pass filter, and collecting entangled photons by using an optical fiber coupler;
step six: the entangled photon pair is separated into signal light and idle light by a polarization beam splitter, the signal light is emitted to a floating beacon, and the idle light is emitted to a ship.
Step seven: the method comprises the following steps that a single-photon detector 1 and a single-photon detector 2 are respectively loaded on a floating beacon and a ship to collect signal light and idle light, and the position of the floating beacon floating on the water surface and the position of the ship are determined by a Beidou Satellite Navigation System (BDS);
step eight: when the floating and sinking beacon is submerged under water, the position of the floating and sinking beacon is determined by combining the strapdown inertial navigation system, the Doppler log and the pressure sensor. Specifically, according to the motion characteristics of a floating and sinking beacon observed by a strapdown inertial navigation system, a position tracking model is constructed, the speed and the depth of the floating and sinking beacon are calibrated by using a Doppler log and a pressure sensor, and the position tracking of the floating and sinking beacon is realized by applying an error state Kalman filtering method;
step nine: the floating and sinking beacon continuously emits signal light in the sinking process, and the loaded single photon detector 1 is used for detecting the signal light reflected by the target;
step ten: performing coincidence counting on pulse sequences output by the single-photon detector 1 and the single-photon detector 2 to obtain the flight time delta t of the signal light, wherein the time is the total time of the signal light reaching a target from a float-sink beacon and being reflected back to the float-sink beacon by the target;
step eleven: calculating the distance between the floating and sinking beacon and the target:
wherein v is the underwater flight speed of the light quantum;
the first step comprises the following steps:
step one (one): according to a guidance law generated by orbit prediction, comprehensive calculation is carried out by utilizing a two-dimensional turntable load on a satellite and a rough tracking detector, a data prediction technology is adopted to make up for the time difference of data source transmission, the azimuth and the pitch angle of the turntable are calculated, and the pointing of the satellite to a sea surface station is completed;
step one (two): calculating the position of the satellite according to the orbit forecast of the ephemeris and the orbit coordinate information by a rough tracking light closed-loop system of the sea surface station, and rotating a two-dimensional turntable on the sea surface station to enable the uplink beacon light to cover the area of the satellite, so as to complete the pointing from the sea surface station to the satellite;
step one (three): scanning an area where a sea surface station is located by using an optical antenna of a satellite, and starting a coarse tracking controller to adjust a scanning mode so that an uplink beacon light emitted by the sea surface station is captured by a coarse tracking detector of the satellite;
step one (four): tracking uplink beacon light, driving a two-dimensional turntable of a satellite to perform pointing adjustment on an optical antenna, introducing the uplink beacon light into a fine tracking module, and then switching the satellite into a fine tracking state to ensure that the uplink beacon light is accurately aligned to the center of a fine tracking detector and realize accurate alignment of an incident optical axis and an optical axis of a main optical antenna;
step one (five): similar to the processing process of the satellite on the uplink beacon light, the sea surface station correspondingly captures, tracks and aims the downlink beacon light emitted by the satellite to realize the establishment of the starlight quantum link;
the step ten comprises the following steps:
step ten (one): collecting two paths of time pulse sequences output by the single-photon detector 1 and the single-photon detector 2, and respectively marking the two paths of time pulse sequences as a signal light path CH1 and an idle light path CH 2;
step ten (two): taking CH1 as a basic sequence, adding a given time delay tau to each time sequence point of CH 2;
step ten (three): setting coincidence gate width delta, carrying out coincidence counting on CH1 and CH2 once, and when the coincidence gate width is far smaller than the coherence time tau of the light field to be detectedcThen, a coincidence count value n (tau) and an ideal second order correlation function g are obtained(2)(τ) relationship between:
wherein T is the acquisition time, R1And R2Photon counting rates, gamma, of the single-photon detector 1 and the single-photon detector 2, respectively1And gamma2The sum of the dark counting rate of the single-photon detector 1 and the dark counting rate of the single-photon detector 2 and the counting rate caused by environmental noise respectively;
step ten (four): from equation (2), one can obtain:
when R isi＞＞γ2When (i ═ 1,2), equation (3) can be simplified as:
at this time, the obtained discrete points (. tau., g) are subjected to least square method(2)(τ)) performing curve fitting, and making an abscissa value corresponding to a peak value of the curve as the flight time Δ t of the signal light.
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