CN113267496B

CN113267496B - A Soil Loss Monitoring Instrument Based on Photoelectric Principle

Info

Publication number: CN113267496B
Application number: CN202110521356.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 崔嵩; 王树文; 王润涛
Original assignee: Northeast Agricultural University
Current assignee: Northeast Agricultural University
Priority date: 2021-05-13
Filing date: 2021-05-13
Publication date: 2022-01-07
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-13
Also published as: CN113267496A

Abstract

The invention discloses a water and soil loss monitoring instrument based on a photoelectric principle, which comprises a water collecting tank, wherein a gear box is arranged at the top end of the water collecting tank, a first motor is arranged at the top end of the gear box, and stirring rods driven to rotate by the first motor are symmetrically arranged in the water collecting tank; according to the invention, the first gear is driven by the first motor to drive the second gear meshed with the first gear to rotate, and the second gear drives the stirring rod to stir the muddy water, so that the silt and the suspended particulate matters in the muddy water sample are uniformly distributed, and the turbidity of the muddy water, the particle size composition and components of the silt and the suspended particulate matters are detected by the photoelectric sensor, so that the detection precision is ensured, the use is convenient, the monitoring work is convenient, and the screw rod is driven by the second motor to rotate, so that the brush plate on the screw rod is moved, and the filter screen plate is cleaned by the brush hair, so that the blockage problem is avoided, the water in the muddy water sample can smoothly flow out, and the normal operation of the water and soil loss measurement work is ensured.

Description

Soil erosion and water loss monitoring instrument based on photoelectric principle

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil loss monitoring, in particular to a water and soil loss monitoring instrument based on a photoelectric principle.

Background

The water and soil loss refers to the phenomenon that water and soil are simultaneously lost due to the influence of natural or artificial factors, rainwater cannot be absorbed on the spot, the rainwater flows down along the same trend and erodes the soil, and the main reasons are large ground gradient, improper land utilization, damaged ground vegetation, unreasonable farming technology, loose soil, forest abuse, excessive grazing and the like, in the water and soil conservation and ecological environment construction, the first work is water and soil loss monitoring, the work can provide quantitative water and soil loss monitoring data for the construction of a regional ecological system, forecast the regional water and soil loss trend and provide technical support for relevant policies in water and soil conservation planning and ecological construction formulated by governments;

at present, most of the water and soil loss monitoring work of regions is carried out through monitoring instruments, most of the existing water and soil loss monitoring instruments are single in structure, silt and suspended particles in muddy water cannot be guaranteed to be uniformly distributed after muddy water is sampled, so that difficulty is brought to the measurement work, the measurement precision is reduced to a certain extent, the existing water and soil loss monitoring instruments are inconvenient to use, and a filtering mechanism in the existing water and soil loss monitoring instruments is easy to block when the silt and the suspended particles are filtered and intercepted in the using process, so that water in samples cannot smoothly flow out, and the normal operation of the water and soil loss measurement work is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a water and soil loss monitoring instrument based on a photoelectric principle, in which a first motor drives a stirring rod to stir muddy water, so that silt and suspended particles in a muddy water sample are uniformly distributed, thereby ensuring detection accuracy, and a second motor drives a brush plate to move and cleans a filter screen plate through bristles, thereby avoiding the problem of blockage.

In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a soil erosion and water loss monitoring instrument based on photoelectric principle, includes the header tank, the header tank top is equipped with the gear box, the gear box top is equipped with first motor, the inside symmetry of header tank is equipped with through the rotatory puddler of first motor drive, puddler both sides equidistance distributes and has the stirring leaf, all install photoelectric sensor on the inner wall of header tank both sides, the header tank bottom is connected with the rose box through arranging the material pipe, the inside filter plate that is equipped with of rose box, the filter plate below is equipped with through the rotatory lead screw of second motor drive, the brush board that matches with filter plate is cup jointed to the screw thread on the lead screw, the brush board top is equipped with the brush hair, one side that the second motor was kept away from to the rose box is connected with weighing box through the drinking-water pipe, one side that weighing box kept away from the rose box is equipped with the drain pipe.

The further improvement lies in that: the bottom end in the weighing box is provided with a pressure sensor, a water pump is installed on the water pumping pipe, an electronic control valve is arranged on the discharging pipe, and a manual control valve is arranged on the water discharging pipe.

The further improvement lies in that: both sides all are fixed with spacing slider around the brush board bottom, both sides all are equipped with the spacing slide bar that is fixed in between the rose box inner wall around the brush board below, spacing slider slides and cup joints on spacing slide bar.

The further improvement lies in that: the filter box is hinged with a sealing box door through a hinge, the sealing box door is provided with a door handle, and the water collecting box is provided with a transparent observation window.

The further improvement lies in that: the output end of the first motor penetrates into the gear box through a bearing and is connected with a first gear, and the top end of the stirring rod penetrates into the gear box through the bearing and is connected with a second gear meshed with the first gear.

The further improvement lies in that: the upper portion of one side of the water collecting tank, which is far away from the weighing tank, is connected with a water inlet pipe, and one end, which is positioned outside the water collecting tank, of the water inlet pipe is connected with a sampling water pipe through a sampling water pump.

The further improvement lies in that: LED illuminating lamps are installed at the top end of the inside of the water collecting tank at equal intervals, the filter box and the weighing box are fixed at the top end of the base, and telescopic supporting legs are symmetrically fixed at the bottom end of the base.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the muddy water detection device comprises a water collection tank, wherein a first gear is driven by a first motor to drive a second gear meshed with the first gear to rotate, and the second gear drives a stirring rod to stir muddy water, so that silt and suspended particulate matters in a muddy water sample are uniformly distributed, the turbidity of the muddy water, and the particle size composition and components of the silt and the suspended particulate matters are detected by a photoelectric sensor, the detection precision is further ensured, the use is convenient, the monitoring work is convenient and fast, and the second motor drives a screw rod to rotate, so that a brush plate on the screw rod moves and a filter screen plate is cleaned by brush hairs, the blockage problem is avoided, water in the muddy water sample can smoothly flow out, and the normal operation of water and soil loss measurement work is further ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a bottom view of the brush plate of the present invention.

Wherein: 1. a water collection tank; 2. a gear case; 3. a first motor; 4. a stirring rod; 5. a photosensor; 6. a discharge pipe; 7. a filter box; 8. a filter screen plate; 9. a second motor; 10. a screw rod; 11. brushing the board; 12. a water pumping pipe; 13. a weighing box; 14. a drain pipe; 15. a pressure sensor; 16. a water pump; 17. a limiting slide block; 18. a limiting slide bar; 19. sealing the box door; 20. a transparent viewing window; 21. a first gear; 22. a second gear; 23. a water inlet pipe; 24. sampling a water pump; 25. sampling a water pipe; 26. an LED lighting lamp; 27. a base; 28. a screw; 29. a threaded bushing; 30. a support block; 31. a work table; 32. a display screen.

Detailed Description

In order to further understand the present invention, the following detailed description will be made with reference to the following examples, which are only used for explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example one

According to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the present embodiment provides a water and soil loss monitoring instrument based on the photoelectric principle, which comprises a water collecting tank 1, wherein a gear box 2 is arranged at the top end of the water collecting tank 1, a first motor 3 is arranged at the top end of the gear box 2, stirring rods 4 driven to rotate by the first motor 3 are symmetrically arranged in the water collecting tank 1, stirring blades are equidistantly distributed at two sides of each stirring rod 4, photoelectric sensors 5 are respectively arranged on the inner walls at two sides of the water collecting tank 1, the stirring rods 4 driven to be symmetrically distributed by the first motor 3 stir muddy water, so that silt and suspended particles in a muddy water sample are uniformly distributed, the turbidity of the muddy water, the composition and composition of the silt and the suspended particles are detected by the photoelectric sensors 5, the detection precision is ensured, the use is convenient, the bottom end of the water collecting tank 1 is connected with a filter tank 7 through a discharge pipe 6, the inside filter plate 8 that is equipped with of rose box 7, filter plate 8 below is equipped with through the rotatory lead screw 10 of second motor 9 drive, the thread cup joints brush board 11 with filter plate 8 matching on the

lead screw

10, 11 tops of brush board are equipped with the brush hair, rotate through second motor 9 drive lead screw 10, make brush board 11 on the lead screw 10 remove and clear up filter plate 8 through the brush hair to avoid the jam problem, one side that second motor 9 was kept away from to rose box 7 is connected with weighing box 13 through drinking-water pipe 12, one side that rose box 7 was kept away from to weighing box 13 is equipped with drain pipe 14 for the water sample is discharged.

The inside bottom of weighing box 13 is equipped with pressure sensor 15, is convenient for weigh the muddy water in the weighing box 13, install water pump 16 on the drinking-water pipe 12, be equipped with the electronic control valve on arranging the material pipe 6, be equipped with manual control valve on the drain pipe 14, be convenient for the drainage.

The front side and the rear side of the bottom end of the brush plate 11 are respectively fixed with a limiting slide block 17, the front side and the rear side of the lower part of the brush plate 11 are respectively provided with a limiting slide rod 18 fixed between the inner walls of the filter box 7, and the limiting slide blocks 17 are sleeved on the limiting slide rods 18 in a sliding manner, so that the brush plate 11 is more stable in the moving process.

The filter box 7 is provided with a sealing box door 19 in a hinged mode through a hinge, the filter screen plate 8 is convenient to clean, a door handle is arranged on the sealing box door 19, and the water collecting box 1 is provided with a transparent observation window 20, so that the stirring condition of a muddy water sample in the water collecting box 1 can be observed conveniently.

The output end of the first motor 3 penetrates into the gear box 2 through a bearing and is connected with a first gear 21, the top end of the stirring rod 4 penetrates into the gear box 2 through the bearing and is connected with a second gear 22 meshed with the first gear 21, the first gear 21 is driven by the first motor 3 to drive the second gear 22 meshed with the first gear to rotate, and the second gear 22 drives the stirring rod 4 to rotate and uniformly stir the muddy water sample.

The upper part of one side of the water collecting tank 1, which is far away from the weighing tank 13, is connected with a water inlet pipe 23, one end of the water inlet pipe 23, which is positioned outside the water collecting tank 1, is connected with a sampling water pipe 25 through a sampling water pump 24, and muddy water samples with specified weight are pumped into the water collecting tank 1 through the sampling water pump 24.

LED light 26 is installed to the inside top equidistance of header tank 1 for shine the muddy water sample, the photoelectric sensor 5 of being convenient for surveys, rose box 7 and weighing box 13 all are fixed in the base 27 top, base 27 bottom symmetry is fixed with flexible supporting legs, makes this instrument can be applicable to different bottom surface environment.

The telescopic supporting legs comprise screw rods 28 symmetrically fixed at four corners of the bottom end of the base 27, threaded sleeves 29 are sleeved on the lower portions of the screw rods 28 in a threaded manner, supporting blocks 30 are fixed at the bottom ends of the threaded sleeves 29, and the distance between each supporting block 30 and the corresponding base 27 is adjusted by rotating the threaded sleeves 29, so that telescopic adjustment is achieved.

The top end of the weighing box 13 is provided with a workbench 31, the workbench 31 is connected with a display screen 32, the photoelectric sensor 5 and the pressure sensor 15 both send detection results to the display screen 32, and the workers can know parameters of the muddy water sample conveniently.

When the loss of water and soil in an area needs to be monitored, a sampling water pump 24 is started to pump muddy water with specified weight parts into a water collecting tank 1, a first motor 3 is started to drive a stirring rod 4 to stir silt and suspended particulate matters in the muddy water to be uniformly distributed, a photoelectric sensor 5 is started to detect the turbidity of the muddy water and the particle size composition and components of the silt and the suspended particulate matters, the detection result is sent to a display screen 32, then the muddy water is guided into a filter tank 7 through a discharge pipe 6 and is intercepted by a filter screen plate 8, a second motor 9 is started to drive a brush plate 11 to move and clean the filter screen plate 8 through bristles to avoid blockage, a water pumping pump 16 is started to pump the filtered muddy water into a weighing tank 13, then the muddy water is weighed through a pressure sensor 15, the muddy water quality without the silt and the suspended particulate matters is obtained and is sent to the display screen 32, and finally, subtracting the weight of the filtered muddy water from the initial mass of the muddy water to obtain the mass of the silt and the suspended particles, and estimating the soil and water loss in the region by combining the turbidity of the muddy water obtained by detection and the particle size composition and components of the silt and the suspended particles so as to realize the monitoring of the soil and water loss.

The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A water and soil loss monitoring instrument based on a photoelectric principle, comprising a water collecting tank (1), characterized in that: the top of the water collecting tank (1) is provided with a gear box (2), and the top of the gear box (2) is provided with a gear box (2). The first motor (3), the inside of the water collecting tank (1) is symmetrically provided with a stirring rod (4) driven and rotated by the first motor (3), and stirring blades are equidistantly distributed on both sides of the stirring rod (4), Photoelectric sensors (5) are installed on both inner walls of the water collection tank (1), and a filter box (7) is connected to the bottom end of the water collection tank (1) through a discharge pipe (6). The filter box (7) ) is provided with a filter screen plate (8) inside, and a screw rod (10) driven and rotated by the second motor (9) is arranged below the filter screen plate (8), and the screw rod (10) is threadedly sleeved with a screw rod (10). A brush plate (11) matched with the filter screen plate (8), the brush plate (11) is provided with bristles at the top, and the side of the filter box (7) away from the second motor (9) passes through a water suction pipe (12) A weighing box (13) is connected, and a drain pipe (14) is provided on the side of the weighing box (13) away from the filter box (7);

Limiting sliders (17) are fixed on the front and rear sides of the bottom end of the brush plate (11), and limiters (17) fixed between the inner walls of the filter box (7) are provided on the front and rear sides under the brush plate (11). a sliding rod (18), the limit slider (17) is slidably sleeved on the limit sliding rod (18);

The inner bottom end of the weighing box (13) is provided with a pressure sensor (15), and a water pump (16) is installed on the water pumping pipe (12); The upper part is connected with a water inlet pipe (23), the water inlet pipe (23) is located at one end outside the water collection tank (1), and a sampling water pipe (25) is connected through the sampling water pump (24); the inner top of the water collection tank (1), etc. An LED lighting lamp (26) is installed in the distance, and the filter box (7) and the weighing box (13) are both fixed on the top of the base (27);

When it is necessary to monitor water and soil loss in the area, first start the sampling pump (24) to pump the specified weight of muddy water into the water collecting tank (1), and then start the first motor (3) to drive the stirring rod (4) to remove the muddy water in the muddy water. The suspended particles are stirred until uniformly distributed, and then the photoelectric sensor (5) is activated to detect the turbidity of the muddy water and the composition and composition of the particle size of the suspended particles, and the detection results are sent to the display screen (32), and then the muddy water is discharged through the discharge pipe (6). The filter box (7) is introduced into the filter box (7) and suspended particles are intercepted by the filter screen plate (8). block, then start the water pump (16) to pump the filtered mud water into the weighing box (13), and then weigh the mud water by the pressure sensor (15) to obtain the mud water quality without suspended particles and send it to the display screen (32) Finally, the mass of suspended particulate matter is obtained by subtracting the weight of the filtered muddy water from the initial mass of the muddy water, and combined with the turbidity of the muddy water and the particle size composition and composition of the suspended particulate matter obtained by the detection, to estimate the amount of soil erosion in the area, so as to realize the soil erosion. monitoring.

2. A water and soil loss monitoring instrument based on photoelectric principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the discharge pipe (6) is provided with an electronic control valve, and the drain pipe (14) is provided with a manual control valve. Control valve.

3. A water and soil loss monitoring instrument based on a photoelectric principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: a sealing box door (19) is installed on the filter box (7) by hinged hinges, and the sealing box door (19) is provided with a door handle, and the water collecting tank (1) is provided with a transparent observation window (20).

4. A water and soil loss monitoring instrument based on photoelectric principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the output end of the first motor (3) penetrates into the gear box (2) through a bearing and is connected with the first motor (3) A gear (21), the top end of the stirring rod (4) penetrates into the gear box (2) through a bearing and is connected with a second gear (22) meshing with the first gear (21).

5 . The water and soil loss monitoring instrument based on the photoelectric principle according to claim 1 , wherein the bottom end of the base ( 27 ) is symmetrically fixed with telescopic support feet. 6 .