CN113265267A - Process and system for producing hydrogen by combining reduction and quality improvement of pickling sludge and waste plastics through microwave multi-effect coupling induction - Google Patents
Process and system for producing hydrogen by combining reduction and quality improvement of pickling sludge and waste plastics through microwave multi-effect coupling induction Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
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Abstract
本发明属于环保处置领域，公开了一种微波多效应耦合诱导酸洗污泥还原提质协同废塑料制氢的工艺及系统，包括：将废塑料和酸洗污泥混合均匀，得到混合料；将所述混合料在微波作用下进行还原裂解，分别收集生成的气体和料渣；对料渣进行磁选，得到金属合金、金属氧化物，以及非磁性物质。在微波诱导下，将酸洗污泥和废塑料同时进行资源化处理，实现以废治废，形成高价值的产物，具有重要的现实意义。
The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection disposal, and discloses a process and a system for microwave multi-effect coupling-induced reduction and upgrading of pickling sludge to synergize waste plastics for hydrogen production, including: uniformly mixing waste plastics and pickling sludge to obtain a mixture; The mixture is subjected to reduction cracking under the action of microwaves, and the generated gas and slag are collected respectively; the slag is subjected to magnetic separation to obtain metal alloys, metal oxides, and non-magnetic substances. Under microwave induction, it is of great practical significance to treat pickling sludge and waste plastics as resources at the same time, so as to realize waste treatment with waste and form high-value products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection disposal, and particularly relates to a process and a system for producing hydrogen by combining reduction and quality improvement of pickling sludge and waste plastics through microwave multi-effect coupling induction.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The stainless steel is easy to form oxide skin in the processes of smelting, hot rolling, cold rolling, heat treatment and the like, the pickling passivation treatment is needed, and pickling sludge is generated in the pickling process to cause environmental pollution. The yield of the stainless steel is about 2.5-5% of the yield of the stainless steel, and statistics show that: at present, the annual output of global acid-washing sludge is at least more than 200 ten thousand tons. Compared with conventional sludge, acid-washing sludge is a metal smelting product with a large amount of metal elements therein. The recovery and extraction of metal elements such as Fe, Ni, Cr and the like in the acid-washing sludge through a reduction-magnetic separation process become the main direction of resource utilization of the acid-washing sludge. In the traditional reduction-magnetic separation process, the higher reduction temperature (1300 ℃) causes higher energy consumption, the reduction efficiency is not high, and the dosage of the reducing agent is increased. Therefore, reducing the reduction temperature and enhancing the reducibility are important research directions for improving the resource utilization of the acid-washing sludge.
At present, researches propose a method for effectively reducing and pickling sludge oxides by utilizing porous high-activity carbon residues generated by waste plastic pyrolysis, which not only solves the problem of large consumption of reducing agents in a reduction-magnetic separation process, but also solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by waste plastics.
Research also finds that in the plastic processing technology, in order to recycle the waste plastics and improve the additional output value, the waste plastics can be pyrolyzed to prepare fuel oil, and can also be prepared into hydrogen and carbon, so that cleaner and higher-value energy is obtained.
At present, more than 90% of processes in the research of recycling waste plastics adopt a two-step method to prepare hydrogen-rich gas and high-value carbon from plastics, and the two-step method comprises the following steps: the first step is to pyrolyze the plastic at the temperature of 300-500 ℃, and the second step is to generate hydrogen and high-value carbon by the tar and macromolecular organic gas generated by pyrolysis through a high-temperature catalyst bed (700-1000 ℃). However, the research of the application finds that the acid pickling sludge and the plastics are treated by adopting a two-step method, firstly, the efficiency of reducing the acid pickling sludge by the pyrolysis gas is not high, waste plastic pyrolysis carbon residue is required to be added as a reducing agent, the process flow is increased, and the hydrogen production effect of the acid pickling sludge is reduced by mixing the carbon residue; secondly, compared with the conventional catalyst, the acid-washing sludge has lower hydrogen production efficiency, and the purity of the produced hydrogen is not high; thirdly, the reduction temperature is high and the energy consumption is high. Therefore, the two-step treatment process of the waste plastics is not suitable for the reduction upgrading process of the acid-washing sludge by using the waste plastics as the reducing agent.
There are also existing studies using a process of co-pyrolysis of sludge and plastics. Therefore, the conventional co-pyrolysis one-step method is adopted to treat the pickling sludge and the plastics, the plastic pyrolysis carbon residue can be directly used for reducing the pickling sludge, and the method is simple in process and convenient to operate. However, in the conventional co-pyrolysis process, pyrolysis and catalysis occur simultaneously, effective collision between pyrolysis gas and metal oxides in pickling sludge is reduced, and the catalysis and hydrogen production effects are poor, so that tar and VOC in the pyrolysis gas cannot be effectively catalytically degraded into hydrogen, and the problems of pipeline blockage, corrosion, gas pollution and the like are caused. If a high-temperature catalyst bed layer is added to treat tar and macromolecular organic gas, the difficulty and energy consumption of the acid-washing sludge treatment process are increased, and the use of the catalyst also increases the treatment cost. Therefore, the traditional co-pyrolysis one-step method cannot realize the maximization of resource utilization in the waste combined treatment process, and secondary pollution is easily generated in the process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems, the invention provides a process and a system for producing hydrogen by combining reduction upgrading of pickling sludge and hydrogen production of waste plastics through microwave multi-effect coupling induction.
Aiming at the problems of low plastic resource degree, complex process, easy formation of tar corrosion in the process to block pipelines and organic waste gas emission in the traditional co-pyrolysis method, the key for solving the problems is to develop the process which has high reduction rate of pickling sludge, high value of waste plastic resources, simple process, energy conservation and environmental protection. Based on the concept of exciting catalytic activity by microwave-induced acid-washing sludge, the technical process for producing hydrogen by combining reduction and quality improvement of the acid-washing sludge and waste plastics by microwave multi-effect coupling induction is provided, the problems of high energy consumption, large consumption of reducing agent and the like in the resource process of the acid-washing sludge can be solved, the magnetic separation efficiency is improved, the alloy and metal oxide of Fe, Ni and Cr separated by magnetic separation are used for steel refining, and a non-magnetic substance CaF2、SiO2、CaO2The method can also be used as a metallurgical auxiliary material, and can prepare hydrogen-rich gas from tar and organic waste gas generated in the co-pyrolysis process, thereby reducing pollution in the process and increasing the additional output value, and the prepared hydrogen-rich gas can be used for deeply reducing acid-washing sludge. The process can realize the synergistic and efficient treatment of the pickling sludge and the waste plastics, generate a product with a high added value, achieve the aim of treating the waste with the waste, and has important practical value and practical significance.
The invention fully utilizes the synergy of the reduction and quality improvement of the pickling sludge and the waste plastic hydrogen production by microwave multi-effect coupling induction, and has the following specific functions:
firstly, the microwave acts on metal oxides in the acid-washing sludge to excite the hot spot effect and the catalytic effect, and the waste plastics generate high-concentration hydrogen and carbon sources under the heating and catalytic effects. The carbon source can be used for reducing and upgrading the acid-washed sludge, and the generated high-purity hydrogen can further deeply reduce the acid-washed sludge.
Secondly, the metal oxide in the acid-washing sludge has better wave-absorbing performance and rich content. Therefore, the microwave heating furnace can be used as a hot spot to be matched with microwave treatment to realize rapid heating of the mixture, has higher heating rate and high temperature, improves the gas yield, and reduces the generation of byproducts such as tar; meanwhile, the metal oxide in the pickling sludge is also used as a catalytic point position to catalytically crack organic gases such as waste plastic pyrolysis gases, methane, acetylene, ethane and the like into hydrogen and coke, so that the hydrogen production efficiency is improved.
And thirdly, the microwave does not directly act on the solid waste base reducing agent to carry out pyrolysis, so that effective collision between the metal oxide in the acid-washing sludge and the solid waste base reducing agent is ensured, and the catalytic effect is improved. Therefore, the solid waste-based organic reducing agent which is 'weak in wave absorbing performance' (forms dielectric loss and mismatch of magnetic performance with metal oxide of acid-washing sludge) and 'rich in C, H elements', such as waste plastic, is selected to obtain better hydrogen purity and catalytic efficiency.
Other plastics, such as PVC and PET, may also be used as reducing agents, except that they contain other elements, such as Cl and O, which reduce hydrogen purity and reducibility.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a process for producing hydrogen by combining reduction and quality improvement of pickled sludge and waste plastic through microwave multi-effect coupling induction, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the waste plastics and the acid-washing sludge to obtain a mixture;
carrying out reduction cracking on the mixture under the action of microwaves, and respectively collecting generated gas and slag;
and carrying out magnetic separation on the material slag to obtain metal alloy, metal oxide and nonmagnetic substances.
The research finds that: in the process of recycling the acid-washing sludge and the waste plastics by microwave induction, the wave-absorbing property of the metal oxide in the acid-washing sludge is utilizedIs superior to other substances in the acid-washing sludge, is more stronger than the wave-absorbing performance of waste plastics, and selectively acts on metal oxides such as Fe, Ni, Cr and the like in the acid-washing sludge by microwaves, wherein Fe2O3The content of the NiO is 30-50 percent, the NiO content is 2-8 percent, and the Cr content is2O3The content is 5-10%, in the microwave heating process, the metal oxide can form enough hot spots, the temperature is raised to 700 ℃ at the highest speed, and because the wave absorbing performance of the plastic is poor, the plastic can be pyrolyzed only by the metal oxide heat-forming spots in the acid-washing sludge, so that the waste plastic can be pyrolyzed quickly to generate organic gas and coke. At the same time, the microwave excites the optical effect, the thermal effect and the plasma effect through the metal oxide, so that the metal oxide has extremely high catalytic activity, and the organic gas is rapidly catalytically cracked into H2And the simple substance carbon and the hydrogen-rich gas are discharged, and the metal oxide in the acid-washing sludge is not only a heat supply point but also a catalytic point, so that the pyrolysis product can be catalytically cracked while the pyrolysis is carried out, and the generation of tar and VOC is reduced. As the treatment time increases, elemental carbon forms a carbon deposit on the metal oxide, resulting in a decrease in the catalytic activity of the metal oxide. Detecting the hydrogen content of an outlet, increasing the microwave power when the hydrogen content is lower than 35%, continuously heating deposited carbon, plastic pyrolysis coke and metal oxide under the action of microwaves, reducing the reaction activation energy due to the microwaves, heating to 900-1000 ℃, performing carbon thermal reduction on the metal oxide by enough coke generated by plastic pyrolysis, and using the generated hydrogen-rich gas for deep reduction of the metal oxide, thereby improving the metal extraction rate. Because the metal oxide in the pickling sludge is preferentially reduced by microwave selective heating, unnecessary reduction of the non-metal oxide is reduced, and the treatment time is saved. And extracting the metal alloy from the acid-washing sludge subjected to the carbon thermal reduction through a magnetic separation process. Through experimental research, the extraction rate of metals in the acid-washing sludge reaches more than 95 percent, and the maximum hydrogen production rate of 1g of plastic is 32.5 mmol.
The second aspect of the invention provides a microwave multi-effect coupling induced pickling sludge reduction upgrading synergistic waste plastic hydrogen production system, which comprises: the device comprises a first bin, a second bin, a microwave spiral drying bin, a microwave cracking reactor, a magnetic separation device and a gas collection device; the first bin and the second bin are respectively connected with a microwave spiral drying bin, the microwave spiral drying bin is connected with a microwave cracking reactor, a material slag cavity is arranged at the bottom of the microwave cracking reactor, and a discharge hole of the material slag cavity is connected with a magnetic separation device; the microwave pyrolysis reactor is also provided with a gas outlet, and the gas outlet is connected with a gas collecting device.
Researches find that porous high-activity carbon residue is precipitated by utilizing the pyrolysis characteristic of waste plastics, and can effectively reduce acid-washing sludge oxide, so that the problem of large consumption of reducing agent in the reduction-magnetic separation process is solved, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by the waste plastics is also solved. However, in the conventional reduction process, a large amount of tar and macromolecular organic gas are generated in the pyrolysis process of the waste plastics, so that the problems of pipeline blockage corrosion, gas pollution and the like can be caused. Based on the concept of exciting catalytic activity by microwave-induced acid-washing sludge, the invention further provides a technical process for producing hydrogen by combining reduction and quality improvement of the acid-washing sludge and waste plastics through microwave multi-effect coupling induction, the process can simultaneously solve the problems of high energy consumption, large consumption of reducing agents and the like in the resource process of the acid-washing sludge, and can also prepare hydrogen-rich gas from tar and organic waste gas generated by pyrolysis of the waste plastics, reduce pollution in the process and improve the additional output value. The process can realize the joint treatment of the pickling sludge and the waste plastics, generate a product with high added value, achieve the aim of treating the waste by using the waste, and has important practical value and practical significance.
In a third aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of any of the above systems in the fields of metal smelting, sludge reclamation, or waste plastics processing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the process for producing hydrogen by combining reduction and quality improvement of pickling sludge under the action of microwave multi-effect coupling induction with waste plastics is characterized in that metal oxides in the pickling sludge are induced to form hot spots and catalytic sites under the action of microwaves, tar and organic waste gas generated by plastic pyrolysis can be catalytically cracked to form hydrogen-rich gas and high-purity carbon, the generation of tar and VOC is reduced, pollution in the treatment process is avoided, and the maximum recycling of waste plastic treatment is realized. Meanwhile, the waste plastic pyrolytic carbon is used as a reducing agent to continuously reduce and improve the quality of the acid-washing sludge, so that the problems of high energy consumption, large consumption of the reducing agent and the like in the resource process of the acid-washing sludge are solved. The process can realize the cooperative treatment of the pickling sludge and the waste plastics, generate a product with high added value, achieve the aim of treating the waste with the waste, and has important practical value and practical significance.
(2) Compared with the traditional pyrolysis technology, the microwave co-pyrolysis one-step method is adopted to treat the pickling sludge and the plastics, because pyrolysis and catalysis occur on the same site, effective collision of pyrolysis gas and an active site is improved, meanwhile, the heat effect of the microwave improves the polarization capacity of metal oxide, the catalysis effect is enhanced, the hydrogen production efficiency is improved, the problem of low hydrogen production efficiency of the traditional heating technology is solved, and the method has the advantages of simple process, short treatment time, strong process controllability and the like.
(3) The selective microwave heating can reduce the metal oxide in the acid-washing sludge preferentially, reduce the unnecessary reduction of the non-metal oxide, reduce the processing time, improve the magnetization intensity of the metal substance, reduce the energy consumption of metal separation in the magnetic separation process and improve the energy utilization rate.
(4) After microwave cracking and reduction magnetic separation treatment, the alloy, metal oxide and nonmagnetic substance CaF of Fe, Ni and Cr are obtained2、SiO2、CaO2And H2Reducing gases such as CO; wherein, Fe, Ni, Cr alloy and metal oxide can be used as raw material for steel smelting, the non-magnetic substance separated by magnetic separation can also be used as raw material of slag former for steel smelting, and H2Reducing gases such as/CO and the like can also be used as a reducing agent for steelmaking, so that three products obtained after microwave CO-cracking are reused in a steelmaking workshop section, the utilization rate of raw materials is high, and the industrialization prospect is good.
(5) This application adopts toper spiral stirring and microwave combined action's mode to mix, and at the in-process of stirring blanking, waste plastics and pickling mud receive hot and mechanical mixing action, extrusion simultaneously, and this kind of mode can reduce the material volume, reduces the microwave reaction cavity, improves microwave power density, reduces the loss of heat dissipation, has guaranteed the homogeneous mixing and the abundant contact of pickling mud with waste plastics simultaneously, makes microwave performance best heating and catalytic effect, has improved the drying efficiency of material.
(6) The method is simple in operation, does not need to additionally add a hydrogen production catalyst, is low in treatment cost, has universality and is easy for large-scale production.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the design of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave multi-effect coupling induction acid pickling sludge reduction upgrading synergetic waste plastic hydrogen production system in embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein 1. a plastic storage tank, 2. an acid pickling sludge storage tank, 3. a first blanking valve, 4. a motor, 5. a screw, 6. a condenser, 7-1, 7-2, 7-3. a microwave, 8.N2The device comprises an inlet, 9, a material bearing plate net, 10, a turnover controller, 11, a gas purification device, 12, a synthetic gas collection device, 13, a second blanking valve, 14, a transmission belt and 15, and a magnetic separator.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
For convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate that the directions of movement are consistent with those of the drawings, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the referenced device or element needs to have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The terms "mounted", "connected", "fixed", and the like in the present invention are to be understood in a broad sense, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; the two components can be connected mechanically or electrically, directly or indirectly through an intermediate medium, or connected internally or in an interaction relationship, and the terms used in the present invention should be understood as having specific meanings to those skilled in the art.
Interpretation of terms
The invention refers to the following conditions: the loss coefficient of the solid waste base reducing agent is less than 5.
A process for producing hydrogen by combining reduction and quality improvement of pickling sludge and reduction and quality improvement of waste plastics includes selectively exciting metal oxides such as Fe, Ni and Cr in the pickling sludge to catalytically crack plastics by microwaves to generate hydrogen-rich gas and carbon residue, reducing and quality improvement of the metal oxides such as Fe, Ni and Cr in the pickling sludge by the carbon residue under irradiation of higher microwave power, deep reduction of the pickling sludge by the hydrogen-rich gas serving as a reducing agent to generate magnetic metal alloy or metal oxide, and magnetic separation of the metal alloy and metal oxide and CaF2、SiO2、CaO2Separating by magnetic separation of non-magnetic substances, and separating CaF2、SiO2、CaO2And the like can be repeatedly used as a slagging agent. In the process, the plastic is catalytically cracked to generate hydrogen-rich gas and carbon residue, which are recycled. The technology realizes the treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another, forms a high-value product, and has important practical significance.
In some embodiments, the non-magnetic substance comprises：CaF2、SiO2、CaO2。
In some embodiments, non-magnetic materials and gases are used for metal smelting.
In some embodiments, the metallic elements in the acid wash sludge comprise: fe. Ni and Cr.
The water content of the acid-washing sludge generated by different steel mills is different, the water content of the acid-washing sludge of the Thai steel mill is 21.4 percent, the water content of the Zhang Pu acid-washing sludge is as high as 50.6 percent, and the acid-washing sludge needs to be dried and pretreated. In some embodiments, the mixing of the waste plastic and the acid-washed sludge is performed under cone and microwave action.
In some embodiments, the acid wash sludge is: the stainless steel forms oxide skin in the processes of smelting, hot rolling, cold rolling and heat treatment, and is subjected to pickling passivation treatment to generate sludge.
The invention discloses a microwave multi-effect coupling induction acid pickling sludge reduction upgrading synergistic waste plastic hydrogen production system, which comprises: the device comprises a first bin, a second bin, a microwave spiral drying bin, a microwave cracking reactor, a magnetic separation device, a gas collection device and the like.
The research finds that: by adopting conventional heating, the plastic and the acid-washing sludge are heated together, so that the plastic is pyrolyzed at the temperature of 400 ℃ of 300-. Compared with conventional heating, the microwave can quickly heat the acid-washing sludge in the material to quickly reach 700 ℃, so that the tar amount generated by plastic pyrolysis is reduced, and the catalytic activity of the acid-washing sludge is effectively excited to promote tar cracking and VOC treatment to achieve the purpose of hydrogen enrichment.
In some embodiments, a reversible holding plate mesh is disposed within the microwave pyrolysis reactor.
In some embodiments, the microwave spiral drying bin is further connected with a condenser;
in some embodiments, the magnetic separation device comprises: a conveyor belt and a magnetic separator;
in some embodiments, the conveyor belt is arranged corresponding to the discharge port.
In some embodiments, the waste plastic is from a commodity, including but not limited to: plastic waste of liquid containers (high density polyethylene, HDPE), plastic bags (low density polyethylene, LDPE), food packaging (polypropylene), plastic foam (polystyrene) and the like are used as raw materials.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative of the invention and not limiting.
In the following examples, the acid-washed sludge was obtained from Taiyi Steel works and had a water content of 21.4%, and the oven-dried sludge contained Fe2O342% of NiO, 7% of Cr2O3The content is 6 percent.
The waste plastics are liquid container plastic wastes (high density polyethylene, HDPE), and are crushed to the particle size range of 1-3 cm.
Example 1:
the process consists of a storage bin, a microwave spiral drying bin, a condenser, a microwave reduction cracking reaction bin, a plastic device and a magnetic separator.
Firstly, acid-washing sludge and crushed plastic are respectively put into a storage bin, the mixing proportion is controlled by a blanking valve, and the materials are conveyed into a microwave spiral drying bin for pretreatment. The temperature in the drying bin is controlled to be between 115 ℃ and 120 ℃ by adjusting the microwave power, meanwhile, the materials are mixed by adopting a conical spiral stirring device, the moisture in the materials is evaporated at the temperature, and the steam is discharged and then enters a condenser for condensation treatment.
Secondly, the pretreated material (the water content is about 5 percent) is conveyed into a microwave reduction cracking reaction by a device and falls into a material bearing plate network, the material feeding is stopped after the material is accumulated to a certain mass, the microwave (the material quantity/microwave power is 3kg/kw) is started, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 700 +/-5 ℃, a three-way valve is adjusted, the gas is collected by a synthesis gas tank, the gas flow change at a gas outlet is detected, the microwave power is increased when the hydrogen content of the outlet gas is reduced to be below 5 percent, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 950 +/-5 ℃, the three-way valve is adjusted, the gas is treated and emptied by a gas purifying device, and the microwave is stopped when the gas quantity is reduced to be below 10 percent of the maximum flow. The controller overturns the material bearing plate net, the processed material slag falls into the material slag cavity for cooling, and the opening of the blanking valve is controlled to enable the material slag to fall uniformly.
And finally, the material slag falls on a conveying belt and is screened by a magnetic separator.
The test result shows that: the extraction rate of metal in the acid-washing sludge reaches 95%, and the hydrogen produced by 1g of plastic is 32.5mmol, so that the hydrogen-rich sludge has good reduction effect.
Example 2
A process for producing hydrogen by combining reduction and quality improvement of acid-washing sludge and waste plastics through microwave multi-effect coupling induction comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the waste plastics and the acid-washing sludge to obtain a mixture;
carrying out reduction cracking on the mixture under the action of microwaves, and respectively collecting generated gas and slag;
and carrying out magnetic separation on the material slag to obtain metal alloy, metal oxide and nonmagnetic substances.
In a preferred embodiment, the non-magnetic substance includes: CaF2、SiO2、CaO2。
In a preferred embodiment, non-magnetic substances and gases are used for metal smelting.
In a preferred embodiment, the metallic elements in the acid wash sludge comprise: fe. Ni and Cr.
In a preferred embodiment, the mixing of the waste plastic and the acid-washed sludge is carried out under conical helical stirring and microwave action.
In a preferred embodiment, the acid wash sludge is: the stainless steel forms oxide skin in the processes of smelting, hot rolling, cold rolling and heat treatment, and is subjected to pickling passivation treatment to generate sludge.
The invention discloses a microwave multi-effect coupling induction acid pickling sludge reduction upgrading synergistic waste plastic hydrogen production system, which comprises: the device comprises a first bin, a second bin, a microwave spiral drying bin, a microwave cracking reactor, a magnetic separation device and a gas collection device; the first bin and the second bin are respectively connected with a microwave spiral drying bin, the microwave spiral drying bin is connected with a microwave cracking reactor, a material slag cavity is arranged at the bottom of the microwave cracking reactor, and a discharge hole of the material slag cavity is connected with a magnetic separation device; the microwave pyrolysis reactor is also provided with a gas outlet, and the gas outlet is connected with a gas collecting device.
In a preferred embodiment, a reversible holding plate net is arranged in the microwave pyrolysis reactor.
In a preferred embodiment, the microwave spiral drying bin is also connected with a condenser;
in a preferred embodiment, the magnetic separation apparatus comprises: a conveyor belt and a magnetic separator; preferably, the conveying belt is arranged corresponding to the discharge port.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents can be made in the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A process for producing hydrogen by combining reduction and quality improvement of acid-washing sludge and waste plastics through microwave multi-effect coupling induction is characterized by comprising the following steps:
uniformly mixing the waste plastics and the acid-washing sludge to obtain a mixture;
carrying out reduction cracking on the mixture under the action of microwaves, and respectively collecting generated gas and slag;
and carrying out magnetic separation on the material slag to obtain metal alloy, metal oxide and nonmagnetic substances.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the nonmagnetic substances comprise: CaF2、SiO2、CaO2。
3. The process for producing hydrogen by combining reduction and upgrading of acid-washed sludge and waste plastic through microwave multi-effect coupling induction as claimed in claim 1, wherein non-magnetic substances and gases are used for metal smelting.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the metal elements in the acid-washed sludge comprise: fe. Ni and Cr.
5. The process for producing hydrogen by combining reduction upgrading of pickled sludge and waste plastic according to claim 1, wherein the mixing of waste plastic and pickled sludge is performed under the action of conical spiral stirring and microwave.
6. The process for producing hydrogen by combining reduction and quality improvement of acid-washed sludge and waste plastic through microwave multi-effect coupling induction according to claim 1, wherein the acid-washed sludge is: the stainless steel forms oxide skin in the processes of smelting, hot rolling, cold rolling and heat treatment, and is subjected to pickling passivation treatment to generate sludge.
7. A microwave multi-effect coupling induction acid pickling sludge reduction upgrading synergetic waste plastic hydrogen production system is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a first bin, a second bin, a microwave spiral drying bin, a microwave cracking reactor, a magnetic separation device and a gas collection device; the first bin and the second bin are respectively connected with a microwave spiral drying bin, the microwave spiral drying bin is connected with a microwave cracking reactor, a material slag cavity is arranged at the bottom of the microwave cracking reactor, and a discharge hole of the material slag cavity is connected with a magnetic separation device; the microwave pyrolysis reactor is also provided with a gas outlet, and the gas outlet is connected with a gas collecting device.
8. The microwave multi-effect coupling induced acid pickling sludge reduction upgrading synergetic waste plastic hydrogen production system as claimed in claim 7, wherein a reversible material bearing plate net is arranged in the microwave cracking reactor.
9. The microwave multi-effect coupling induction acid-washing sludge reduction upgrading cooperative waste plastic hydrogen production system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the microwave spiral drying bin is further connected with a condenser;
or the magnetic separation device comprises: a conveyor belt and a magnetic separator; preferably, the conveying belt is arranged corresponding to the discharge port.
10. Use of the system of any one of claims 7-9 in the fields of metal smelting, sludge reclamation, or waste plastic processing.
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