CN113265171A - Cold-resistant heat-insulating building troweling gypsum and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Cold-resistant heat-insulating building troweling gypsum and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The cold-resistant heat-insulating building troweling gypsum mainly comprises the following components in parts by mass: 80-90 parts of beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum, 12-15 parts of superfine pulverized fly ash, 10-13 parts of 42.5 cement, 2-4 parts of polystyrene particles, 1-3 parts of expanded and vitrified micro-beads, 1-3 parts of reinforcing agent, 0.5-0.8 part of dispersible latex powder, 0.5-0.8 part of water reducing agent, 0.3-0.6 part of water retaining agent, 0.3-0.5 part of air entraining agent, 0.3-0.5 part of retarder and 0.1-0.2 part of alkalinity regulator. The cold-resistant heat-insulating building troweling gypsum and the preparation process thereof have reasonable formula design, adopt beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum as a gel material, compound inorganic gel materials such as superfine pulverized fuel ash and 42.5 cement, and modify under the coordination of various polymers such as polystyrene particles, reinforcing agents and the like as modifiers, so that the troweling gypsum which is cold-resistant, heat-insulating, light in weight, convenient to construct, low in manufacturing cost, green and environment-friendly is prepared, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of floating gypsum, and particularly relates to cold-resistant heat-insulating building floating gypsum and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The gypsum resource has abundant reserve amount and is easy to be mined and processed, and in the building industry, the gypsum can be used as a raw material of a cement retarder, a building gypsum product or gelation and the like. The troweling gypsum is a common product in home decoration as a wall surface leveling material of building gypsum products, has good heat insulation, sound insulation and fire resistance, is more and more mature in application, is more and more abundant in classification, and has high commercial value and market prospect. The floating gypsum mainly depends on the crystallization reaction of the gypsum to generate bonding strength, and the gypsum is used as an air-setting cementing material, so that the floating gypsum has the remarkable advantages of quick setting and hardening, low shrinkage rate and the like.
Along with the improvement of living standard, people have higher and higher requirements on the trowelling gypsum product, and the trowelling gypsum product has higher requirements on the aspects of cold resistance and heat preservation performance, material consumption, construction process, wall surface quality and the like. In particular, in cold regions and in regions with particularly poor wall base, there are many problems, such as 1: the wall has poor cold resistance and heat preservation performance and serious heat loss; 2: the wall is severely hollowly; 3: the cracking phenomenon of the wall is serious; 4: the water absorption of the wall is particularly high.
Therefore, the cold-resistant heat-insulating building troweling gypsum and the preparation process thereof need to be developed, inherit the advantages of the original troweling gypsum, can better adapt to the construction conditions under some extreme climatic conditions, and have higher added values.
Chinese patent application No. CN201710964736.4 discloses phosphogypsum putty powder prepared from phosphogypsum, which is prepared from the following substances: 75-85 percent of base material decolorized phosphogypsum, 10-20 percent of filler, 0.3-0.7 percent of water-retaining agent, 3-7 percent of thickening agent and 0.1-0.5 percent of retarder, aiming at preparing putty powder by using the phosphogypsum, effectively improving whiteness, removing harmful impurities in the phosphogypsum, and not greatly improving the cold-resistant and heat-insulating property, material consumption, construction process, wall surface quality and the like of the troweling gypsum.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide the cold-resistant heat-preservation building floating gypsum and the preparation process thereof, the formula design is reasonable, the beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum is used as a gel material, the superfine pulverized coal ash and 42.5 cement inorganic gel materials are compounded, modification is carried out under the coordination of polystyrene particles, reinforcing agents and other polymers as modifiers, the prepared cold-resistant heat-preservation building floating gypsum has the advantages of light weight, convenient construction, low manufacturing cost, environmental protection and wide application prospect.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the cold-resistant heat-preservation building trowelling gypsum mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum, 12-15 parts of superfine pulverized fly ash, 10-13 parts of 42.5 cement, 2-4 parts of polystyrene particles, 1-3 parts of expanded and vitrified micro-beads, 1-3 parts of reinforcing agent, 0.5-0.8 part of dispersible latex powder, 0.5-0.8 part of water reducing agent, 0.3-0.6 part of water retaining agent, 0.3-0.5 part of air entraining agent, 0.3-0.5 part of retarder and 0.1-0.2 part of alkalinity regulator.
The cold-resistant heat-insulating building trowelling gypsum provided by the invention has a reasonable formula design, adopts beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum as a gel material, compounds inorganic gel materials such as superfine pulverized coal ash and 42.5 cement, and is modified under the coordination of various polymers such as polystyrene particles and reinforcing agents as modifiers, so that the trowelling gypsum which is good in thermophysical performance, cold-resistant, heat-insulating, light in weight, convenient to construct, reliable in quality, low in construction cost, green and environment-friendly is prepared, the indoor air humidity can be adjusted within a certain range, a comfortable environment can be provided for residents, and the application prospect is wide.
In the prior art, the gypsum has small heat conductivity coefficient and good cold resistance and heat preservation, but in practical application, the gypsum material has the problems of high cost, rapid setting and hardening, short operable time and the like, and the application of the gypsum is greatly limited. The fly ash is solid waste which is generated in the production process of a thermal power plant and needs to be recycled and efficiently utilized, the cost is extremely low, the fly ash contains a large amount of active silicon oxide and active aluminum oxide, the fly ash can be subjected to a pozzolan reaction with Ca (OH)2 of 42.5 cement at normal temperature, after the fly ash is subjected to micronization treatment, the particle size is reduced, the specific surface area is increased, the gelling activity of the fly ash is correspondingly increased, the fly ash particles can be more favorably uniformly dispersed in a whole gelling system, and simultaneously, the fly ash active silicon oxide and the Ca (OH)2 of 42.5 cement can be more favorably subjected to the pozzolan reaction, so that the gelling is increased.
According to the formula, the superfine pulverized coal ash and 42.5 cement are added into the beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum, so that the water resistance and the strength of the beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum can be improved, the original cold-resistant and heat-insulating functions of the beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum can be maintained, and the cost is reduced. The retarder is used for solving the problems of rapid setting and hardening and short operable time of a gelling system; the expansion vitrified micro bubbles are matched with polystyrene particles, under the action of doping a small amount of air entraining agent, the dry density of the slurry obtained by mixing the floating gypsum and the water can be adjusted within a certain range, the slurry has excellent construction performance, the indoor air humidity can be adjusted within a certain range, and a comfortable environment can be provided for residents; the water reducing agent is used for helping the floating gypsum to be fully hydrated when being mixed with water during construction, the water retaining agent is used for ensuring that the water retaining agent is not easily absorbed and evaporated by wall materials before final setting so as to ensure the water consumption required by gypsum hydration and improve the strength of the floating gypsum, the reinforcing agent is matched with dispersible latex powder to increase the cohesiveness between beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum, superfine pulverized fuel ash, 42.5 cement and the like, and the alkalinity regulator is matched with the 42.5 cement so as to adjust the pH value and promote the functioning of a retarder.
Further, the cold-resistant heat-preservation building trowelling gypsum is mixed with water during construction, and the weight ratio of the trowelling gypsum to the water is 1-3: 1; stirring the floating gypsum and water into uniform paste without particles through an electric stirrer, standing for 0-1h to obtain floating putty, and smearing the floating putty on a construction base surface.
The floating gypsum can be used after being mixed with water, and has the characteristics of easy construction and low construction cost.
Further, 300-width steel wire meshes are paved and hung on the construction base surface of the cold-resistant heat-preservation building trowelling gypsum, and then smearing construction of trowelling putty is carried out; the smearing of the floating putty is carried out for two times, and the construction interval between the two times is more than 1 day; the second construction thickness is smaller than the first construction thickness; and after the trowelling putty is fully smeared and cured, constructing surface anti-crack mortar, and pressing alkali-resistant fiber cloth into the anti-crack mortar, wherein the thickness of the anti-crack mortar is 5-10 mm.
Because the masonry wall and the troweling putty have the phenomenon of different linear expansion coefficients, the wall surface at the junction of different materials is the position where cracks are most likely to appear, and the problem can be avoided by paving and hanging 300-width steel wire meshes on a construction base surface. The anti-cracking capability is further improved through the construction of the anti-cracking mortar, the stress can be dispersed when the alkali-resistant fiber cloth is pressed into the anti-cracking mortar, and the cracking risk of the leveling layer is reduced.
Further, the thickness of the first construction smearing of the cold-resistant heat-preservation building trowelling gypsum is 5-10mm, and the surface of the construction base surface coated with the trowelling putty is polished and repaired within 24 hours; the coating thickness of the second construction is 1-4 mm.
The construction base surface is coated twice, the self weight of the leveling layer is greatly reduced due to the thinner construction thickness each time, the solidification is more sufficient, and the crack is prevented from being generated and expanded.
Further, the retarder of the cold-resistant heat-preservation building floating gypsum is one or a mixture of more of tartaric acid, citric acid, phosphate and SC compound retarder; the water reducing agent is one of a naphthalene water reducing agent and a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent; the reinforcing agent is one or a mixture of more of putty glue powder, silane-based glue powder and PVA; the water-retaining agent is one of hydroxypropyl cellulose and sodium cellulose.
Further, the retarder is an SC composite retarder, the water reducing agent is an FDN-5 naphthalene water reducing agent, the reinforcing agent is PVA2488, the water retaining agent is hydroxypropyl cellulose, and the alkalinity is adjusted to white cement.
According to the formula, the retarder is selected as the SC composite retarder, and compared with other retarders, the SC composite retarder has better cooperativity with other components in the formula, has a better adsorption effect on the surface of beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum particles, reduces the speed of generating crystal seeds, reduces the solubility of beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum, and reduces the saturation of the beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum converted into the dihydrate gypsum, so that the crystallization process is slowed down; the water reducing agent is selected to be an FDN-5 naphthalene water reducing agent, the Na2S04 content of the FDN-5 naphthalene water reducing agent is 25%, the water-paste ratio is effectively reduced, and the strength of a gypsum hardened body is improved; the reinforcing agent is selected to be PVA2488, the PVA2488 has excellent water solubility, the strength of the gypsum body and the bonding strength of the contact surface of the gypsum body and other materials can be increased after drying and hardening, the bonding strength is also increased with the increase of the doping amount, meanwhile, the bonding property between beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum and other components can also be increased in the formula, so that the troweling gypsum has excellent flexibility and impact resistance, the softening coefficient value is also improved while the strength is improved, and the water resistance of the troweling gypsum is improved; the water-retaining agent is selected as hydroxypropyl cellulose, so that the water retention of the floating gypsum can be ensured under low mixing amount, the water in the slurry after the floating gypsum is mixed with water is prevented from being easily absorbed and evaporated by a wall material before the final setting of the floating gypsum under the condition of lower water-cement ratio, the water consumption required by the hydration of the gypsum is ensured, and the strength of the floating gypsum is improved; the white cement is matched with 42.5 cement, so that the pH value can be adjusted, the retarder is promoted to play a role, the mixing amount of the retarder is reduced, and the effects of low mixing amount and high-efficiency retardation are achieved.
The invention also relates to a preparation process of the cold-resistant heat-preservation building trowelling gypsum, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing superfine pulverized coal ash: preparing ultrafine pulverized coal ash by performing ultrafine processing on the pulverized coal ash with the average particle size of 30-100 microns by using an ultrafine steam pulverizer, wherein the average particle size of the ultrafine pulverized coal ash is 5-9 microns;
(2) preparing the floating gypsum: weighing beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum, superfine pulverized fly ash, 42.5 cement, polystyrene particles, expanded and vitrified micro bubbles, a reinforcing agent, dispersible latex powder, a water reducing agent, a water-retaining agent, an air entraining agent, a retarder and an alkalinity regulator according to a formula proportion, pouring the beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum, the superfine pulverized fly ash and the 42.5 cement into a rolling mixer to be uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture, and ball-milling the polystyrene particles, the expanded and vitrified micro bubbles, the reinforcing agent, the dispersible latex powder, the water reducing agent, the water-retaining agent, the air entraining agent, the retarder and the alkalinity regulator together to obtain the floating gypsum.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the cold-resistant heat-insulating building trowelling gypsum disclosed by the invention is prepared by adopting beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum as a gel material, compounding an inorganic cementing material such as superfine pulverized coal ash and 42.5 cement and modifying under the coordination of various polymers such as polystyrene particles and reinforcing agents as modifiers, and has the advantages of good thermal performance, cold resistance, heat insulation, light weight, convenience in construction, reliable quality, low engineering cost, greenness and environmental friendliness, and wide application prospect. (ii) a
(2) The cold-resistant heat-insulating building plastering gypsum and the preparation process thereof have the advantages that the preparation process is simple and has high flexibility, and the construction technology is improved, so that the plastering putty of the plastering gypsum is more fully cured, has better stability and uniformity, is favorable for preventing the generation and the expansion of cracks, and greatly reduces the problems of falling off and cracking of the wall surface.
Detailed Description
The following examples 1 to 5 are given in conjunction with specific experimental data to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described examples are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following embodiment provides a cold-resistant heat-insulating building troweling gypsum which mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum, 12-15 parts of superfine pulverized fly ash, 10-13 parts of 42.5 cement, 2-4 parts of polystyrene particles, 1-3 parts of expanded and vitrified micro-beads, 1-3 parts of reinforcing agent, 0.5-0.8 part of dispersible latex powder, 0.5-0.8 part of water reducing agent, 0.3-0.6 part of water retaining agent, 0.3-0.5 part of air entraining agent, 0.3-0.5 part of retarder and 0.1-0.2 part of alkalinity regulator.
Further, the retarder is one or a mixture of more of tartaric acid, citric acid, phosphate and SC compound retarder; the water reducing agent is one of a naphthalene water reducing agent and a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent; the reinforcing agent is one or a mixture of more of putty glue powder, silane-based glue powder and PVA; the water-retaining agent is one of hydroxypropyl cellulose and sodium cellulose.
Example 1
The preparation of the floating gypsum comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing superfine pulverized coal ash: preparing ultrafine pulverized coal ash by performing ultrafine processing on the pulverized coal ash with the average particle size of 30-100 microns by using an ultrafine steam pulverizer, wherein the average particle size of the ultrafine pulverized coal ash is 5-9 microns;
(2) preparing the floating gypsum: the troweling gypsum mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 85 parts of beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum, 12 parts of ultrafine pulverized fly ash, 10 parts of 42.5 cement, 2.5 parts of polystyrene particles, 1.2 parts of expanded and vitrified micro-beads, 1.5 parts of silane-based rubber powder and PVA, 0.6 part of dispersible latex powder, 0.5 part of FDN-5 naphthalene water reducing agent, 0.5 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 0.35 part of air entraining agent, 0.4 part of citric acid and 0.1 part of white cement;
weighing the components according to a formula ratio, pouring beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum, superfine pulverized fly ash and 42.5 cement into a rolling mixer, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, and ball-milling the mixture, polystyrene particles, expanded and vitrified micro-beads, silica-based glue powder, PVA, dispersible latex powder, FDN-5 naphthalene water reducer, hydroxypropyl cellulose, air entraining agent, citric acid and white cement to obtain the troweling gypsum.
Example 2
The preparation of the floating gypsum comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing superfine pulverized coal ash: preparing ultrafine pulverized coal ash by performing ultrafine processing on the pulverized coal ash with the average particle size of 30-100 microns by using an ultrafine steam pulverizer, wherein the average particle size of the ultrafine pulverized coal ash is 5-9 microns;
(2) preparing the floating gypsum: the troweling gypsum mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 88 parts of beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum, 13 parts of ultrafine pulverized fly ash, 12 parts of 42.5 cement, 2.0 parts of polystyrene particles, 1.5 parts of expanded vitrified micro-beads, 1.5 parts of silane-based rubber powder, 0.6 part of dispersible latex powder, 0.65 part of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 0.6 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 0.3 part of air entraining agent, 0.3 part of SC composite retarder and 0.1 part of white cement;
weighing beta type semi-hydrated gypsum, superfine pulverized fly ash, 42.5 cement, polystyrene particles, expanded vitrified micro bubbles, silyl glue powder, dispersible latex powder, polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, hydroxypropyl cellulose, air entraining agent, SC composite retarder and white cement according to a formula proportion, pouring the beta type semi-hydrated gypsum, the superfine pulverized fly ash and the 42.5 cement into a rolling mixer to be uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture, and ball-milling the mixture, the polystyrene particles, the expanded vitrified micro bubbles, the silyl glue powder, the dispersible latex powder, the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, the hydroxypropyl cellulose, the air entraining agent, the SC composite retarder and the white cement together to obtain the trowelling gypsum.
Example 3
The preparation of the floating gypsum comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing superfine pulverized coal ash: preparing ultrafine pulverized coal ash by performing ultrafine processing on the pulverized coal ash with the average particle size of 30-100 microns by using an ultrafine steam pulverizer, wherein the average particle size of the ultrafine pulverized coal ash is 5-9 microns;
(2) preparing the floating gypsum: the troweling gypsum mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 86 parts of beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum, 14 parts of superfine pulverized fly ash, 12 parts of 42.5 cement, 4 parts of polystyrene particles, 1 part of expanded and vitrified micro-beads, 1.6 parts of silane-based glue powder and PVA, 0.8 part of dispersible latex powder, 0.5 part of FDN-5 naphthalene water reducing agent, 0.4 part of sodium cellulose, 0.45 part of air entraining agent, 0.36 part of SC composite retarder and 0.12 part of white cement;
weighing beta type semi-hydrated gypsum, superfine pulverized fly ash, 42.5 cement, polystyrene particles, expanded vitrified micro-beads, silyl glue powder, PVA, dispersible latex powder, FDN-5 naphthalene water reducing agent, sodium cellulose, air entraining agent, SC composite retarder and white cement according to a formula proportion, pouring the beta type semi-hydrated gypsum, the superfine pulverized fly ash and the 42.5 cement into a rolling mixer to be uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture, and then ball-milling the mixture, the polystyrene particles, the expanded vitrified micro-beads, the silyl glue powder, the PVA, the dispersible latex powder, the FDN-5 naphthalene water reducing agent, the sodium cellulose, the air entraining agent, the SC composite retarder and the white cement together to obtain the troweling gypsum.
Example 4
The preparation of the floating gypsum comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing superfine pulverized coal ash: preparing ultrafine pulverized coal ash by performing ultrafine processing on the pulverized coal ash with the average particle size of 30-100 microns by using an ultrafine steam pulverizer, wherein the average particle size of the ultrafine pulverized coal ash is 5-9 microns;
(2) preparing the floating gypsum: the troweling gypsum mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 82 parts of beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum, 15 parts of ultrafine pulverized fly ash, 10 parts of 42.5 cement, 4 parts of polystyrene particles, 1.5 parts of expanded and vitrified micro-beads, 2.5 parts of putty glue powder, 0.5 part of dispersible latex powder, 0.6 part of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 0.55 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 0.35 part of air entraining agent, 0.4 part of citric acid and 0.15 part of white cement;
weighing beta type semi-hydrated gypsum, superfine pulverized fly ash, 42.5 cement, polystyrene particles, expanded vitrified micro bubbles, putty glue powder, dispersible latex powder, polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, hydroxypropyl cellulose, air entraining agent, citric acid and white cement according to a formula proportion, pouring the beta type semi-hydrated gypsum, the superfine pulverized fly ash and the 42.5 cement into a rolling mixer to be uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture, and ball-milling the mixture, the polystyrene particles, the expanded vitrified micro bubbles, the putty glue powder, the dispersible latex powder, the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, the hydroxypropyl cellulose, the air entraining agent, the citric acid and the white cement together to obtain the floating gypsum.
Example 5
The preparation of the floating gypsum comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing superfine pulverized coal ash: preparing ultrafine pulverized coal ash by performing ultrafine processing on the pulverized coal ash with the average particle size of 30-100 microns by using an ultrafine steam pulverizer, wherein the average particle size of the ultrafine pulverized coal ash is 5-9 microns;
(2) preparing the floating gypsum: the troweling gypsum mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 88 parts of beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum, 14 parts of superfine pulverized fly ash, 12 parts of 42.5 cement, 3 parts of polystyrene particles, 1 part of expanded and vitrified micro-beads, 24882 parts of PVA, 0.5 part of dispersible latex powder, 0.7 part of FDN-5 naphthalene water reducing agent, 0.3 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 0.3 part of air entraining agent, 0.5 part of SC composite retarder and 0.1 part of white cement;
weighing beta type semi-hydrated gypsum, superfine pulverized fly ash, 42.5 cement, polystyrene particles, expanded vitrified micro-beads, PVA2488, dispersible latex powder, FDN-5 naphthalene water reducing agent, hydroxypropyl cellulose, air entraining agent, SC composite retarder and white cement according to a formula proportion, pouring the beta type semi-hydrated gypsum, the superfine pulverized fly ash and the 42.5 cement into a rolling mixer to be uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture, and ball-milling the mixture, the polystyrene particles, the expanded vitrified micro-beads, the PVA2488, the dispersible latex powder, the FDN-5 naphthalene water reducing agent, the hydroxypropyl cellulose, the air entraining agent, the SC composite retarder and the white cement together to obtain the trowelling gypsum.
Effect verification:
the troweling gypsum obtained in the above-described examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 was mixed with water, and the weight ratio of the troweling gypsum to the water was 1 to 3: 1; and stirring the floating gypsum and water into uniform paste without particles through an electric stirrer, and standing for 0-1h to obtain the floating putty.
According to the standard requirements of GB/T28627-
Table 1 results of performance testing
As can be seen from table 1, each technical performance index of the blended troweling putty obtained in the above examples 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 can satisfy the national standard requirements, and the troweling putty is easy to construct, moderate in strength, high in water retention rate, and strong in crack resistance.
Further, according to a standard operation method of "putty for building exterior wall" of JG/T157-.
(1) Testing of thermal conductivity coefficient: by adopting an unsteady-state plane heat source method, heaters with constant power are arranged on two surfaces of a test piece 1, a test piece 2, a test piece 3, a test piece 4 and a test piece 5, and two heating resistors must be equal to ensure that the upper temperature and the lower temperature are symmetrically distributed. The experimental apparatus used a high resistance foil heater only 20 μm thick, plus an insulating film of protective foil, for a total thickness of 70 μm. Thermal insulation layers are arranged at the bottom and the top of the test pieces 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 for thermal insulation. The heat insulating layer is made of polyethylene rigid foam plastic, the thickness of the heat insulating layer can be 80-100mm, and the top pressurizing plate is pressed by the pressurizing nut to reduce the influence of contact heat resistance. The direct current ammeter with higher precision is adopted to directly measure the current, and the power is calculated by the measured current value and the resistance value of the heater; temperature sensing element: the thermocouple is composed of copper-constantan wires with diameter about 0.1mm, the cold junction of the thermocouple is placed in a vacuum flask filled with ice-water mixture and connected to JTRG-II type building thermal engineering temperature automatic test system, and the thermocouples are sequentially connected from the 5 th path to display temperature signals. After starting up, the automatic test system records the instantaneous temperature value of each thermocouple and automatically stores the current signal data of each path every 1 min; finally, calculating by adopting a testing principle of an unsteady plane heat source method to obtain instantaneous heat conductivity coefficients of the test piece 1, the test piece 2, the test piece 3, the test piece 4 and the test piece 5, wherein the testing results are shown in a table 2;
TABLE 2 test results of sample thermal conductivity
| Test specimen | Thickness of | Mean value of thermal conductivity |
| Sample No. 1 | 30mm | 0.59 |
| Sample No. 2 | 30mm | 0.60 |
| Sample No. 3 | 30mm | 0.58 |
| Sample No. 4 | 30mm | 0.60 |
| Sample No. 5 | 30mm | 0.57 |
(2) Testing of heat transfer coefficient: and measuring the heat transfer coefficients of the test piece 1, the test piece 2, the test piece 3, the test piece 4 and the test piece 5 by using a JTRG-II type building thermal engineering temperature and heat flow automatic test system. The experimental detection device consists of three parts: a test piece rack, a cold box and a hot box. The test piece rack is used for placing a test piece 1, a test piece 2, a test piece 3, a test piece 4 and a test piece 5, and the rear half part of the cooling box is a compressor unit and is a temperature control component and the like. In the testing process, a manual temperature control method is adopted, one side of a tested piece 1, a tested piece 2, a tested piece 3, a tested piece 4 and a tested piece 5 is heated by a hot box and maintained at a set temperature, the highest temperature does not exceed 45 ℃, the other side of the tested piece 5 is forcibly refrigerated by a cold box, the lowest temperature is not less than minus 10 ℃, and the temperature difference of the two sides of the tested pieces 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 is maintained through temperature control. 5 heat flow meters are arranged on two sides of a tested piece 1, a tested piece 2, a tested piece 3, a tested piece 4 and a tested piece 5, and the numbers of the heat flow meters are directly connected to heat flow serial ports of the JTRG-II type building thermal temperature and heat flow automatic testing system according to the sequence numbers. The thermocouple is connected to a temperature serial port of the JTRG-II type building thermal temperature and heat flow automatic test system. By collecting the surface temperatures of the two sides of the test piece 1, the test piece 2, the test piece 3, the test piece 4 and the test piece 5 and the heat flows of the tested parts of the test piece 1, the test piece 2, the test piece 3, the test piece 4 and the test piece 5, the heat transfer coefficient can be calculated according to the following formula, and the test result is shown in a table 3;
in the formula, K: heat transfer coefficient of the measured object, W/(m)2·K)；
R: thermal resistance of the object to be measured (m)2·K)/W；
Ri: internal surface heat exchange resistance, (m)2·K)/W；
Re: outer surface heat exchange resistance (m)2·K)/W；
E: heat flow meter reading, mV;
c: head coefficient of heat flow meter, W/(m)2mV), factory calibration of the heat flow meter.
TABLE 3 test results of sample thermal conductivity
| Test specimen | Thickness of | Mean value of heat transfer coefficient |
| Sample No. 1 | 30mm | 1.65 |
| Sample No. 2 | 30mm | 1.64 |
| Sample No. 3 | 30mm | 1.66 |
| Sample No. 4 | 30mm | 1.65 |
| Sample No. 5 | 30mm | 1.61 |
The invention has many applications, and the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention. It should be noted that the above examples are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The cold-resistant heat-preservation building trowelling gypsum is characterized by mainly comprising the following components in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum, 12-15 parts of superfine pulverized fly ash, 10-13 parts of 42.5 cement, 2-4 parts of polystyrene particles, 1-3 parts of expanded and vitrified micro-beads, 1-3 parts of reinforcing agent, 0.5-0.8 part of dispersible latex powder, 0.5-0.8 part of water reducing agent, 0.3-0.6 part of water retaining agent, 0.3-0.5 part of air entraining agent, 0.3-0.5 part of retarder and 0.1-0.2 part of alkalinity regulator.
2. The cold-resistant heat-insulating building troweling gypsum according to claim 1, wherein the troweling gypsum is mixed with water during construction, and the weight ratio of the troweling gypsum to the water is 1-3: 1; stirring the floating gypsum and water into uniform paste without particles through an electric stirrer, standing for 0-1h to obtain floating putty, and smearing the floating putty on a construction base surface.
3. The cold-resistant heat-preservation building trowelling gypsum of claim 2, wherein a 300-width steel wire mesh is laid on the construction base surface, and then smearing construction of trowelling putty is performed; the smearing of the floating putty is carried out for two times, and the construction interval between the two times is more than 1 day; the second construction thickness is smaller than the first construction thickness; and after the trowelling putty is fully smeared and cured, constructing surface anti-crack mortar, and pressing alkali-resistant fiber cloth into the anti-crack mortar, wherein the thickness of the anti-crack mortar is 5-10 mm.
4. The cold-resistant heat-preservation building troweling gypsum according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the first construction troweling is 5-10mm, and the surface of the construction base surface coated with the troweling putty is polished and repaired within 24 hours; the coating thickness of the second construction is 1-4 mm.
5. The cold-resistant heat-preservation building floating gypsum according to claim 1, wherein the retarder is one or a mixture of tartaric acid, citric acid, phosphate and SC compound retarder; the water reducing agent is one of a naphthalene water reducing agent and a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent; the reinforcing agent is one or a mixture of more of putty glue powder, silane-based glue powder and PVA; the water-retaining agent is one of hydroxypropyl cellulose and sodium cellulose.
6. The cold-resistant heat-preservation building floating gypsum as claimed in claim 5, wherein the retarder is SC composite retarder, the water reducing agent is FDN-5 naphthalene water reducing agent, the reinforcing agent is PVA2488, the water retaining agent is hydroxypropyl cellulose, and the alkalinity is adjusted to white cement.
7. The preparation process of the cold-resistant heat-insulating building troweling gypsum according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing superfine pulverized coal ash: preparing ultrafine pulverized coal ash by performing ultrafine processing on the pulverized coal ash with the average particle size of 30-100 microns by using an ultrafine steam pulverizer, wherein the average particle size of the ultrafine pulverized coal ash is 5-9 microns;
(2) preparing the floating gypsum: weighing beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum, superfine pulverized fly ash, 42.5 cement, polystyrene particles, expanded vitrified micro bubbles, a reinforcing agent, dispersible latex powder, a water reducing agent, a water-retaining agent, an air entraining agent, a retarder and an alkalinity regulator according to a formula proportion, pouring the beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum, the superfine pulverized fly ash and the 42.5 cement into a rolling mixer to be uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture, and ball-milling the mixture, the polystyrene particles, the expanded vitrified micro bubbles, the reinforcing agent, the dispersible latex powder, the water reducing agent, the water-retaining agent, the air entraining agent, the retarder and the alkalinity regulator together to obtain the trowelling gypsum.
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