CN113265088B - Preparation method of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer porous shape memory material - Google Patents
Preparation method of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer porous shape memory material Download PDFInfo
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- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000012781 shape memory material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229920000431 shape-memory polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007334 memory performance Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003345 Elvax® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002145 thermally induced phase separation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/36—After-treatment
- C08J9/40—Impregnation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/08—Copolymers of ethene
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, in particular to a preparation method of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer porous shape memory material. The method comprises the steps of firstly, taking ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as a raw material, dissolving the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer in a mixed solvent of toluene and n-propanol, obtaining porous EVA with uniform pore diameter after cooling induction thermal phase separation, then, immersing the porous EVA in acetone solution of benzoyl peroxide, and obtaining the porous shape memory polymer material after heating crosslinking, washing and drying. The preparation process of the method is green and environment-friendly, the related solvents can be recycled, the cost of the raw materials is low, the prepared material has uniform aperture and is simple and easy to adjust, and the porous shape memory polymer material with uniform aperture can be effectively prepared.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, in particular to a preparation method of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer porous shape memory material.
Background
Porous shape memory polymers are a class of intelligent polymeric materials. The polymer material has the excellent characteristics of large specific surface area, high porosity, low density and the like, can realize shape fixation and spontaneous recovery of the material by responding to external stimuli (such as light, heat, electricity, magnetism, pH change and the like), and is accompanied with flexible adjustment of application characteristics such as an internal pore structure, compression performance and the like in the process. The material has good application potential in the fields of intelligent control of adsorption/separation and surface catalysis, intelligent design of an ergonomic structure and the like.
At present, the preparation of porous shape memory polymer materials generally adopts the following methods: physical/chemical foaming method, sacrificial template method and freeze-drying method, etc., although these methods can prepare porous shape memory polymer material satisfying basic performance, these methods have some problems in preparation and finished product material finally prepared, these problems not only reflect the problem that the non-uniform aperture affects the comprehensive quality performance of material, but also reflect that the structure is difficult to regulate and control, thus limiting the development of material diversity, in addition, because these methods preparation process is usually more tedious, lead to the production cost to be higher. The problems with these current methods not only limit the product quality of the final material, but also limit the mass production and commercial application of the material due to the increased cost.
The porous shape memory polymer material has the development trend of light weight, high porosity, uniform pore diameter and good shape memory performance. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) porous shape memory materials are hot spots in research and development in the field of porous shape memory materials by virtue of the advantages of light weight, complete pore structure, high chemical stability and the like. However, the existing preparation process of the EVA porous shape memory material is mostly based on a physical/chemical foaming method, which requires complicated mixing and forming equipment, higher processing temperature and forming pressure, and uneven pore diameter of the prepared material. The EVA porous material with uniform pore diameter can be obtained by utilizing a sacrificial template method, but the use of the template raw material obviously improves the production cost and limits the large-scale production, and the high temperature of the existing crosslinking process can melt the EVA and destroy the original open pore structure. Therefore, the existing preparation process has the disadvantages of high requirements on equipment/raw materials, complex process flow and the like, and cannot influence the final product quality of the material, so that the large-scale production and commercial application of the material are limited.
Therefore, the development of a new method for solving the problems of the existing preparation method of the EVA porous shape memory polymer material has great practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) porous shape memory material. Firstly, the method proposes that EVA hole making is realized by a mixed solvent thermally induced phase separation method. By optimizing the types and the proportion of the mixed solvents, uniform pore-forming and rapid molding of the EVA are realized by utilizing the thermally induced phase separation principle. And secondly, the crosslinking reaction temperature is effectively reduced through solid-liquid reaction crosslinking, the structural collapse of the EVA porous material is avoided, and the EVA is endowed with high shape memory performance. By optimizing the method, the invention can effectively regulate and control the micropore structure of the EVA porous material by regulating and controlling the phase separation condition. Meanwhile, the energy consumption and the equipment requirement in the preparation process are obviously reduced, the solvent can be recovered without loss, and the low-cost green production is realized, so that a plurality of problems existing in the preparation process and products of the porous EVA shape memory polymer material at present are solved.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a preparation method of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer porous shape memory material comprises the following steps:
step 1, dissolving ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) in a mixed solvent of toluene and n-propanol to obtain an EVA solution;
step 2, transferring the EVA solution to a mold, carrying out low-temperature water bath treatment, and inducing phase separation to obtain a porous EVA material;
step 3, transferring the porous EVA material into a cross-linking agent solution, carrying out cross-linking pre-soaking treatment, heating and carrying out cross-linking reaction to complete cross-linking, and obtaining a cross-linked product;
and 4, washing the cross-linked product, and drying under reduced pressure to obtain the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer porous shape memory material.
Preferably, the content of the vinyl acetate in the EVA is 18% -32%.
Preferably, the dissolution temperature of the EVA at the time of dissolution is 70 ℃.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the toluene to the n-propanol in the mixed solvent is 3: 1.
Preferably, the concentration of EVA in the EVA solution is 100-180 mg/mL.
Preferably, the temperature of the low-temperature water bath is 0-50 ℃, and the treatment time is 0.5-1 hour.
Preferably, the cross-linking agent solution is acetone solution of benzoyl peroxide, wherein the concentration of benzoyl peroxide is 0.01-0.1 g/mL.
Preferably, the time of the crosslinking pre-soaking treatment is 3 hours.
Preferably, the crosslinking reaction temperature is 70 ℃ and the reaction time is 2-6 hours.
In the present invention, EVA is dissolved in a mixed solvent of toluene (good solvent) and n-propanol (non-solvent) to prepare a polymer solution that can constitute a thermal phase separation system; then transferring the high molecular solution into a mold for phase separation, wherein in the process, the temperature reduction induces the solution to generate liquid-liquid phase separation, so that the homogeneous polymer solution is converted into a polymer enrichment phase and a solvent enrichment phase, and the polymer enrichment phase is dispersed in the solvent enrichment phase to form a three-dimensional coherent pore structure, thereby obtaining the EVA porous material; and finally, transferring the EVA porous material into acetone solution dissolved with benzoyl peroxide, soaking and crosslinking to endow the material with shape memory performance, and preparing the EVA porous shape memory material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the provided preparation method does not relate to complex forming equipment, the process is simple and feasible, and the process conditions are mild;
(2) the preparation process does not involve high temperature and high pressure, does not use any foaming agent, and can recycle the used solvent, thereby being green and environment-friendly and having low cost;
(3) the crosslinking process is a low-temperature solid-liquid reaction process, and does not involve the melting of thermoplastic resin, so that the collapse and damage of a microporous structure are effectively avoided;
(4) the prepared porous shape memory polymer material has uniform pore diameter and easy regulation and control of pore structure;
(5) the prepared porous shape memory polymer material has a considerable shape memory effect, and the shape memory fixation rate and the recovery rate of the porous shape memory polymer material are both more than 98.0 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the shape memory property test of the sample prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of a sample prepared in example 2 of the present invention; wherein: the concentration of EVA in the solution in the step a is 120mg/mL, and the concentration of EVA in the solution in the step b is 100 mg/mL.
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of a sample obtained in example 3 of the present invention; wherein: the phase separation temperature in a is 25 ℃ and the phase separation temperature in b is 50 ℃.
Detailed Description
Further refinements will now be made on the basis of the representative embodiment shown in the figures. It should be understood that the following description is not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. On the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as defined by the appended claims.
A simple and easy method for preparing EVA porous shape memory material comprises the following steps:
step 1, dissolving an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) with 18-32% of vinyl acetate content in a mixed solvent (3: 1) of toluene and n-propanol at 70 ℃ to obtain an EVA solution with the concentration of 100-180 mg/mL;
step 2, transferring the EVA solution to a mold, carrying out water bath at a low temperature (0-50 ℃) for 0.5-1 hour, and inducing phase separation to obtain a porous EVA material;
step 3, transferring the porous EVA material into an acetone solution (with the concentration of 0.01-0.1 g/mL) dissolved with benzoyl peroxide, soaking for 3 hours, heating to 70 ℃, reacting for 2-6 hours, and completing crosslinking to obtain a crosslinked product;
and 4, washing the cross-linked product, and drying under reduced pressure to obtain the EVA porous shape memory material.
The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer used in the invention has the mass fraction of 18 percent of vinyl acetate, the density of 0.94g/cm3 and the melt index of 8g/10min (190 ℃/2.16 kg).
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1:
step 1, EVA (Elvax 460, DuPont, USA) pellets with 18% of vinyl acetate content are dissolved in a mixed solvent of toluene and n-propanol (3: 1) at 70 ℃ to obtain an EVA solution with a concentration of 180 mg/mL.
And 2, transferring the solution to a cylindrical mold, carrying out low-temperature water bath for 0.5 hour at the temperature of 45 ℃, and inducing phase separation to obtain the porous EVA material.
And 3, transferring the EVA material into an acetone solution (with the concentration of 0.05 g/mL) dissolved with benzoyl peroxide, soaking for 3 hours, heating to 70 ℃, reacting for 5 hours, and finishing crosslinking.
And 4, taking out the crosslinked porous EVA, washing with ethanol, and drying at normal temperature under reduced pressure to obtain the EVA porous shape memory material.
Example 2:
step 1, EVA (Elvax 460, DuPont, USA) granules with 18% of vinyl acetate content are dissolved in a mixed solvent of toluene and n-propanol (3: 1) at 70 ℃ to obtain EVA solutions with concentrations of 120mg/mL and 100 mg/mL.
And 2, transferring the solution to a cylindrical mold, carrying out low-temperature water bath for 0.5 hour at the temperature of 45 ℃, and inducing phase separation to obtain the porous EVA material.
And 3, transferring the porous EVA material into an acetone solution (with the concentration of 0.05 g/mL) dissolved with benzoyl peroxide, soaking for 3 hours, heating to 70 ℃, reacting for 5 hours, and finishing crosslinking.
And 4, taking out the crosslinked porous EVA, cleaning with ethanol, and drying at normal temperature under reduced pressure to obtain the EVA porous shape memory material.
Example 3:
step 1, EVA (Elvax 460, DuPont, USA) pellets with 18% of vinyl acetate content are dissolved in a mixed solvent of toluene and n-propanol (3: 1) at 70 ℃ to obtain an EVA solution with a concentration of 140 mg/mL.
And 2, transferring the solution to a cylindrical mold, performing low-temperature water bath for 0.5 hour at the temperature of 0 ℃ and 50 ℃ respectively, and inducing phase separation to obtain the porous EVA material.
And 3, transferring the EVA material into an acetone solution (with the concentration of 0.05 g/mL) dissolved with benzoyl peroxide, soaking for 3 hours, heating to 70 ℃, reacting for 5 hours, and finishing crosslinking.
And 4, taking out the crosslinked porous EVA, washing with ethanol, and drying at normal temperature under reduced pressure to obtain the EVA porous shape memory material.
The shape memory performance test procedure of the product is as follows: firstly, heating the prepared material to 80 ℃, applying uniform compressive stress until the compressive strain reaches 50-60%, cooling to room temperature, and fixing the shape of the material; the material spontaneously returned to its original shape upon reheating to 80 c, the results of which are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 preparation conditions of examples 1 to 3 and shape memory property test results thereof
| Concentration (mg/mL) | Phase separation temperature (. degree. C.) | Compression set (%) | Shape fixation Rate (%) | Shape recovery (%) | |
| Example 1 | 180 | 45 | 56.9 | 98.5 | 99.0 |
| Example 2 | 120 | 45 | 58.3 | 99.2 | 99.0 |
| 100 | 45 | 56.1 | 98.7 | 98.6 | |
| Example 3 | 140 | 0 | 52.4 | 98.2 | 98.8 |
| 140 | 50 | 55.7 | 98.8 | 98.5 |
Form fixation ratio in Table 1: (R f) And shape recovery ratio of (R r) Calculated by the following formulas, respectively.
Whereinε unloadFor the compressive strain after the stress is removed,ε recthe recovered compression strain is heated again,ε initialto relieve the initial compressive strain after the thermal history,ε loadis the maximum compressive strain under load.
As can be seen from Table 1, the EVA porous shape memory material prepared by the invention has good shape memory performance, and both the shape fixing rate and the recovery rate can reach more than 98%.
TABLE 2 preparation conditions for examples 1-3 and their density and mean pore diameter
| Concentration (mg/mL) | Phase separation temperature (. degree. C.) | Density (g cm-3) | Average pore diameter (μm) | |
| Example 1 | 180 | 45 | 0.42 | 10.13 |
| Example 2 | 120 | 45 | 0.29 | 7.12 |
| 100 | 45 | 0.23 | 14.36 | |
| Example 3 | 140 | 0 | 0.36 | 5.52 |
| 140 | 50 | 0.39 | 17.59 |
As shown in Table 2, the EVA porous shape memory material prepared by the invention has low density and light weight. Meanwhile, porous materials with different pore diameters can be prepared by adjusting the concentration of the polymer and the phase separation temperature, and the regulation and control of the microporous structure and the density of the material are realized.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the shape memory property of the sample prepared in example 1 of the present invention, and it can be seen from FIG. 1 that the pore diameter is significantly reduced by compression after the material is compressed and fixed in shape, but the pore structure is not significantly collapsed. After reheating to recover the shape of the material, the pore structure and size are nearly completely recovered, with no significant change in pore structure from that before compression. In the whole testing process, the shape fixing rate of the material is 98.5%, the shape recovery rate is 99.0%, and excellent shape memory performance is shown.
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the sample prepared in example 2 of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 2 and table 2 that adjusting the concentration of the polymer solution can effectively regulate and control the microporous structure of the EVA porous shape memory material, while maintaining uniform pore diameter.
Fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the sample prepared in example 3 of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 3 and table 2 that adjusting the phase separation temperature effectively regulates and controls the microporous structure of the EVA porous shape memory material while maintaining uniform pore size.
The above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate rather than to limit the invention, and any modifications and variations of the present invention are within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer porous shape memory material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, dissolving ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) in a mixed solvent of toluene and n-propanol to obtain an EVA solution;
step 2, transferring the EVA solution to a mold, carrying out low-temperature water bath treatment, and inducing phase separation to obtain a porous EVA material;
step 3, transferring the porous EVA material into a cross-linking agent solution, carrying out cross-linking pre-soaking treatment, heating and carrying out cross-linking reaction to complete cross-linking, and obtaining a cross-linked product;
and 4, washing the cross-linked product, and drying under reduced pressure to obtain the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer porous shape memory material.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the content of vinyl acetate in the EVA is 18-32%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the dissolving temperature of the EVA when dissolved is 70 ℃.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the volume ratio of toluene to n-propanol in the mixed solvent was 3: 1.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the concentration of EVA in the EVA solution is 100-180 mg/mL.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the low-temperature water bath is 0-50 ℃, and the treatment time is 0.5-1 hour.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the cross-linking agent solution is acetone solution of benzoyl peroxide, wherein the concentration of the benzoyl peroxide is 0.01-0.1 g/mL.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the time of the crosslinking pre-soaking treatment is 3 hours.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: the crosslinking reaction temperature is 70 ℃, and the reaction time is 2-6 hours.
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| Title |
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