CN113264590A - Method for repairing damaged wetland - Google Patents
Method for repairing damaged wetland Download PDFInfo
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- CN113264590A CN113264590A CN202110608589.3A CN202110608589A CN113264590A CN 113264590 A CN113264590 A CN 113264590A CN 202110608589 A CN202110608589 A CN 202110608589A CN 113264590 A CN113264590 A CN 113264590A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wetland vegetation restoration, and particularly relates to a damaged wetland restoration method, which comprises the following steps: (1) the discharge of pollutants is controlled, the urban sewage treatment is enhanced, and the sewage treatment rate is improved; (2) dredging and covering bottom mud, dredging the polluted bottom mud, and excavating surface soil and the like for covering through construction engineering development; (3) returning back to wet, namely returning back to wet for farmland and transplanting aquatic plants; (4) restoring vegetation, namely performing ecological restoration on a reed pond by adopting artificial cultivation technologies such as cutting reed stems or burying reed roots and the like on the apoptotic wetland of the reeds; (5) and (4) supplementing water to the wetland, and artificially supplementing water to the wetland. The invention reduces the way of blocking the pollutant from entering the wetland by controlling the discharge of the pollutant, and then can reduce the pollution effect of the sediment or soil by dredging and covering the tender sediment, thereby being beneficial to the growth of organisms in the wetland.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wetland vegetation restoration, and particularly relates to a method for restoring a damaged wetland.
Background
The wetland generally refers to a lowland covered with water depth not more than 2 meters temporarily or for a long time, a meadow filled with more soil water, and a coastal region covered with water depth of less than 6 meters at low tide, and comprises various saline and fresh water marshlands, wet meadows, lakes, rivers, flood plains, estuarine deltas, peat lands, lake and sea beaches, river side depressions or floods, wet grasses and the like, which are one of three ecological systems (forest, sea and wetland) of the earth, wherein the wetland covers the earth surface by only 6 percent, but provides living environment for 20 percent of known species on the earth, has irreplaceable ecological function, and thus enjoys the reputation of 'the kidney of the earth'.
Due to unstable supply of wetland water source, the reduction of wetland water supply amount leads to serious reduction of the sustainability of wetland water resource, further leads to the function degradation or loss of the wetland ecosystem, causes the wetland to be dry and thirsty due to drought climate and the water competition between people and the wetland, causes the human economic activities such as the farmland encroachment of personnel, the wetland environmental pollution, the fishing, hunting, reed cutting and the like, leads to the wetting and receding of people and the coming and bird walking of people, and leads to the serious recession of the wetland ecosystem and the population ecology.
Therefore, a method for repairing the damaged wetland is provided to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a method for repairing a damaged wetland, which can realize the reconstruction of a vegetation recovery ecosystem for the wetland.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for repairing a damaged wetland comprises the following steps:
(1) the discharge of pollutants is controlled, the urban sewage treatment is enhanced, and the sewage treatment rate is improved; implementing a pollutant total amount control policy, and completely eradicating enterprises to directly discharge untreated industrial wastewater to the wetland, thereby finally realizing reduction or prevention of substandard sewage discharge;
(2) dredging and covering the polluted bottom mud, wherein the dredging depth is 20-50CM, and the covering depth is 10-40CM by excavating surface soil and the like through construction engineering development to reduce the pollution effect of the bottom mud or the soil;
(3) returning back to wet, namely returning back to wet for farmland, mechanically leveling the returned farmland, transplanting aquatic plants by regions after leveling, and constructing artificial vegetation;
(4) restoring vegetation, namely performing ecological restoration on a reed pond by adopting artificial cultivation technologies such as cutting reed stems or burying reed roots and the like on the apoptotic wetland of the reeds;
(5) and (3) water is supplemented to the wetland, so that the moisture supplement to the wetland is realized, and a good growing environment is provided for vegetation.
In the method for restoring the damaged wetland, the dredging and the bottom sediment covering comprise the steps of adopting a plant and microorganism composite purification technology for polluted soil and bottom sediment, improving the micro-ecological environment of the polluted soil and the bottom sediment by adding a carrier, a nutrition accelerant and the like, and strengthening the degradation process of pollutants at low temperature.
In the method for repairing a damaged wetland, the returning and wetting farmland comprises farmland in a core area of a wetland protection area and farmland with long-term low yield and unstable yield.
In the method for repairing the damaged wetland, the transplanting of the aquatic plants in the intertillage and rewetting midregion is mainly to plant emergent aquatic plants such as reed, cattail, lotus, water chestnut and the like in the region along the bank of the wetland and within 30CM of water depth, and to plant a large amount of submerged plants such as water crispus and the like in the water region above 30CM of water depth.
In the method for repairing damaged wetland, in the vegetation repair, for the land blocks degraded into salt marsh or bare land of a salt-alkali beach, shrubs such as salix purpurea, salix psammophila and the like with strong saline-alkali resistance and stress resistance are artificially planted firstly, and the shrubs are gradually and naturally evolved into a meadow brush community through the biological improvement effect of the shrubs on the saline-alkali soil.
In the method for repairing the damaged wetland, the wetland water replenishing controls the water depth of the aquatic plant growing area to be 10-50 CM.
In the method for repairing the damaged wetland, the water replenishing way in the wetland water replenishing comprises the following steps:
(1) the rainwater is blocked, channels for collecting the overflowing and runoff on the surface of the wetland are cleaned and dredged, and most of the rainwater falling on the low-lying land is guaranteed to be collected and supplied to the wetland;
(2) the produced domestic sewage is discharged into the wetland after being treated to reach the standard;
(3) and (4) adding a proper amount of additional water into the oil field area wetland.
Compared with the prior art, the method for repairing the damaged wetland has the advantages that:
1. the way of blocking the pollutants from entering the wetland is reduced by controlling the discharge of the pollutants, and then the pollution effect of the sediment or soil can be reduced by dredging and covering the tender sediment, so that the growth of organisms in the wetland is facilitated;
2. the area of the wetland can be increased through the back-ploughing and moisture returning and the tillage land leveling, so that the activity of the human in the wetland is reduced, and the condition that the water quality eutrophication degree of the wetland is high due to the fact that a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides used by the tillage land of the human in the vicinity of the wetland flow into the wetland after being washed by rainwater can be avoided;
3. the artificial water replenishing is adopted to avoid the large-area reduction of the wetland, so that the wetland low-lying land can relatively stably store a proper amount of water, the growth of vegetation can be facilitated through water replenishing, and the requirement of the vegetation growth on water depth is met.
Detailed Description
The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for repairing a damaged wetland comprises the following steps:
(1) the discharge of pollutants is controlled, the urban sewage treatment is enhanced, and the sewage treatment rate is improved; implementing a pollutant total amount control policy, and completely eradicating enterprises to directly discharge untreated industrial wastewater to the wetland, thereby finally realizing reduction or prevention of substandard sewage discharge;
(2) dredging and covering bottom mud, namely dredging the polluted bottom mud, wherein the dredging depth is 50CM, and covering by excavating surface soil and the like through construction engineering development, and the covering depth is 40CM, so that the pollution effect of the bottom mud or the soil is reduced;
(3) returning back to wet, namely returning back to wet for farmland, mechanically leveling the returned farmland, transplanting aquatic plants by regions after leveling, and constructing artificial vegetation;
(4) restoring vegetation, namely performing ecological restoration on a reed pond by adopting artificial cultivation technologies such as cutting reed stems or burying reed roots and the like on the apoptotic wetland of the reeds;
(5) and (3) water is supplemented to the wetland, so that the moisture supplement to the wetland is realized, and a good growing environment is provided for vegetation.
In the method for restoring the damaged wetland, the dredging and the bottom sediment covering comprise the steps of adopting a plant and microorganism composite purification technology for polluted soil and bottom sediment, improving the micro-ecological environment of the polluted soil and the bottom sediment by adding a carrier, a nutrition accelerant and the like, and strengthening the degradation process of pollutants at low temperature.
In the method for repairing a damaged wetland, the returning and wetting farmland comprises farmland in a core area of a wetland protection area and farmland with long-term low yield and unstable yield.
In the method for repairing the damaged wetland, the transplanting of the aquatic plants in the intertillage and rewetting midregion is mainly to plant emergent aquatic plants such as reed, cattail, lotus, water chestnut and the like in the region along the bank of the wetland and within 30CM of water depth, and to plant a large amount of submerged plants such as water crispus and the like in the water region above 30CM of water depth.
In the method for repairing damaged wetland, in the vegetation repair, for the land blocks degraded into salt marsh or bare land of a salt-alkali beach, shrubs such as salix purpurea, salix psammophila and the like with strong saline-alkali resistance and stress resistance are artificially planted firstly, and the shrubs are gradually and naturally evolved into a meadow brush community through the biological improvement effect of the shrubs on the saline-alkali soil.
In the method for repairing the damaged wetland, the wetland water replenishing control water depth of the aquatic plant growing area is 50 CM.
In the method for repairing the damaged wetland, the water replenishing way in the wetland water replenishing comprises the following steps:
(1) the rainwater is blocked, channels for collecting the overflowing and runoff on the surface of the wetland are cleaned and dredged, and most of the rainwater falling on the low-lying land is guaranteed to be collected and supplied to the wetland;
(2) the produced domestic sewage is discharged into the wetland after being treated to reach the standard;
(3) and (4) adding a proper amount of additional water into the oil field area wetland.
Example 2
A method for repairing a damaged wetland comprises the following steps:
(1) the discharge of pollutants is controlled, the urban sewage treatment is enhanced, and the sewage treatment rate is improved; implementing a pollutant total amount control policy, and completely eradicating enterprises to directly discharge untreated industrial wastewater to the wetland, thereby finally realizing reduction or prevention of substandard sewage discharge;
(2) dredging and covering bottom mud, namely dredging the polluted bottom mud, wherein the dredging depth is 30CM, and covering by excavating surface soil and the like through construction engineering development, and the covering depth is 30CM, so that the pollution effect of the bottom mud or the soil is reduced;
(3) returning back to wet, namely returning back to wet for farmland, mechanically leveling the returned farmland, transplanting aquatic plants by regions after leveling, and constructing artificial vegetation;
(4) restoring vegetation, namely performing ecological restoration on a reed pond by adopting artificial cultivation technologies such as cutting reed stems or burying reed roots and the like on the apoptotic wetland of the reeds;
(5) and (3) water is supplemented to the wetland, so that the moisture supplement to the wetland is realized, and a good growing environment is provided for vegetation.
In the method for restoring the damaged wetland, the dredging and the bottom sediment covering comprise the steps of adopting a plant and microorganism composite purification technology for polluted soil and bottom sediment, improving the micro-ecological environment of the polluted soil and the bottom sediment by adding a carrier, a nutrition accelerant and the like, and strengthening the degradation process of pollutants at low temperature.
In the method for repairing a damaged wetland, the returning and wetting farmland comprises farmland in a core area of a wetland protection area and farmland with long-term low yield and unstable yield.
In the method for repairing the damaged wetland, the transplanting of the aquatic plants in the intertillage and rewetting midregion is mainly to plant emergent aquatic plants such as reed, cattail, lotus, water chestnut and the like in the region along the bank of the wetland and within 30CM of water depth, and to plant a large amount of submerged plants such as water crispus and the like in the water region above 30CM of water depth.
In the method for repairing damaged wetland, in the vegetation repair, for the land blocks degraded into salt marsh or bare land of a salt-alkali beach, shrubs such as salix purpurea, salix psammophila and the like with strong saline-alkali resistance and stress resistance are artificially planted firstly, and the shrubs are gradually and naturally evolved into a meadow brush community through the biological improvement effect of the shrubs on the saline-alkali soil.
In the method for repairing the damaged wetland, the water depth of the wetland moisturizing control aquatic plant growing area is 30 CM.
In the method for repairing the damaged wetland, the water replenishing way in the wetland water replenishing comprises the following steps:
(1) the rainwater is blocked, channels for collecting the overflowing and runoff on the surface of the wetland are cleaned and dredged, and most of the rainwater falling on the low-lying land is guaranteed to be collected and supplied to the wetland;
(2) the produced domestic sewage is discharged into the wetland after being treated to reach the standard;
(3) and (4) adding a proper amount of additional water into the oil field area wetland.
Example 3
A method for repairing a damaged wetland comprises the following steps:
(1) the discharge of pollutants is controlled, the urban sewage treatment is enhanced, and the sewage treatment rate is improved; implementing a pollutant total amount control policy, and completely eradicating enterprises to directly discharge untreated industrial wastewater to the wetland, thereby finally realizing reduction or prevention of substandard sewage discharge;
(2) dredging and covering bottom mud, namely dredging the polluted bottom mud, wherein the dredging depth is 20CM, and covering by excavating surface soil and the like through construction engineering development, and the covering depth is 10CM, so that the pollution effect of the bottom mud or the soil is reduced;
(3) returning back to wet, namely returning back to wet for farmland, mechanically leveling the returned farmland, transplanting aquatic plants by regions after leveling, and constructing artificial vegetation;
(4) restoring vegetation, namely performing ecological restoration on a reed pond by adopting artificial cultivation technologies such as cutting reed stems or burying reed roots and the like on the apoptotic wetland of the reeds;
(5) and (3) water is supplemented to the wetland, so that the moisture supplement to the wetland is realized, and a good growing environment is provided for vegetation.
In the method for restoring the damaged wetland, the dredging and the bottom sediment covering comprise the steps of adopting a plant and microorganism composite purification technology for polluted soil and bottom sediment, improving the micro-ecological environment of the polluted soil and the bottom sediment by adding a carrier, a nutrition accelerant and the like, and strengthening the degradation process of pollutants at low temperature.
In the method for repairing a damaged wetland, the returning and wetting farmland comprises farmland in a core area of a wetland protection area and farmland with long-term low yield and unstable yield.
In the method for repairing the damaged wetland, the transplanting of the aquatic plants in the intertillage and rewetting midregion is mainly to plant emergent aquatic plants such as reed, cattail, lotus, water chestnut and the like in the region along the bank of the wetland and within 30CM of water depth, and to plant a large amount of submerged plants such as water crispus and the like in the water region above 30CM of water depth.
In the method for repairing damaged wetland, in the vegetation repair, for the land blocks degraded into salt marsh or bare land of a salt-alkali beach, shrubs such as salix purpurea, salix psammophila and the like with strong saline-alkali resistance and stress resistance are artificially planted firstly, and the shrubs are gradually and naturally evolved into a meadow brush community through the biological improvement effect of the shrubs on the saline-alkali soil.
In the method for repairing the damaged wetland, the water depth of the wetland moisturizing control aquatic plant growing area is 10 CM.
In the method for repairing the damaged wetland, the water replenishing way in the wetland water replenishing comprises the following steps:
(1) the rainwater is blocked, channels for collecting the overflowing and runoff on the surface of the wetland are cleaned and dredged, and most of the rainwater falling on the low-lying land is guaranteed to be collected and supplied to the wetland;
(2) the produced domestic sewage is discharged into the wetland after being treated to reach the standard;
(3) and (4) adding a proper amount of additional water into the oil field area wetland.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. The method for repairing the damaged wetland is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) the discharge of pollutants is controlled, the urban sewage treatment is enhanced, and the sewage treatment rate is improved; implementing a pollutant total amount control policy, and completely eradicating enterprises to directly discharge untreated industrial wastewater to the wetland, thereby finally realizing reduction or prevention of substandard sewage discharge;
(2) dredging and covering the polluted bottom mud, wherein the dredging depth is 20-50CM, and the covering depth is 10-40CM by excavating surface soil and the like through construction engineering development to reduce the pollution effect of the bottom mud or the soil;
(3) returning back to wet, namely returning back to wet for farmland, mechanically leveling the returned farmland, transplanting aquatic plants by regions after leveling, and constructing artificial vegetation;
(4) restoring vegetation, namely performing ecological restoration on a reed pond by adopting artificial cultivation technologies such as cutting reed stems or burying reed roots and the like on the apoptotic wetland of the reeds;
(5) and (3) water is supplemented to the wetland, so that the moisture supplement to the wetland is realized, and a good growing environment is provided for vegetation.
2. The method for restoring the damaged wetland according to claim 1, wherein the dredging and the bottom sediment covering comprise the steps of adopting a plant and microorganism composite purification technology for polluted soil and bottom sediment, improving the micro-ecological environment of the polluted soil and the bottom sediment by adding a carrier, a nutrition accelerant and the like, and strengthening the degradation process of pollutants at low temperature.
3. The method for remediating a damaged wetland according to claim 1, wherein the returning-to-wet farmland comprises farmland in the core area of the wetland protection area and farmland with long-term low yield and unstable yield.
4. The method for remedying a damaged wetland according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting of the aquatic plants into the intertidal and humidful middle-divided region is mainly to plant emergent aquatic plants such as reed, typha orientalis, lotus, water chestnut and the like in the region along the bank of the wetland and within 30CM of water depth, and to plant large quantities of submerged plants such as curly pondweed and the like in the region above 30CM of water depth.
5. The method for remedying a damaged wetland according to claim 1, wherein shrubs such as salix rubra and salix psammophila which are saline-alkali resistant and highly stress resistant are artificially planted in the land blocks degraded into the saline-alkali swamps or the bare lands of the saline-alkali beaches in the vegetation remediation, and the shrubs are gradually and naturally evolved into meadow brush communities through the biological improvement effect of the shrubs on the saline-alkali soil.
6. The method for repairing a damaged wetland according to claim 1, wherein the wetland moisturizing control aquatic plant growing area has a water depth of 10-50 CM.
7. The method for repairing a damaged wetland according to claim 1, wherein the water replenishing way in wetland water replenishing comprises the following steps:
(1) the rainwater is blocked, channels for collecting the overflowing and runoff on the surface of the wetland are cleaned and dredged, and most of the rainwater falling on the low-lying land is guaranteed to be collected and supplied to the wetland;
(2) the produced domestic sewage is discharged into the wetland after being treated to reach the standard;
(3) and (4) adding a proper amount of additional water into the oil field area wetland.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114223473A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-25 | 东北师范大学 | Method for rapidly reconstructing sedum edulis community in extirpated peat land by using soil propagule bank |
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2021
- 2021-06-01 CN CN202110608589.3A patent/CN113264590A/en active Pending
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| CN107459138A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-12-12 | 广东筑奥生态环境股份有限公司 | A kind of method of impaired seashore wetland restoration of the ecosystem |
| CN109874444A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-06-14 | 福建荣冠环境建设集团有限公司 | A kind of seashore wetland method for recovering vegetation |
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| CN114223473A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-25 | 东北师范大学 | Method for rapidly reconstructing sedum edulis community in extirpated peat land by using soil propagule bank |
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