CN113263279B - Method for improving performance of heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy friction stir welding joint - Google Patents
Method for improving performance of heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy friction stir welding joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN113263279B CN113263279B CN202110514379.8A CN202110514379A CN113263279B CN 113263279 B CN113263279 B CN 113263279B CN 202110514379 A CN202110514379 A CN 202110514379A CN 113263279 B CN113263279 B CN 113263279B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
- B23K20/1235—Controlling or monitoring the welding process with temperature control during joining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1275—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding involving metallurgical change
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K20/233—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer
- B23K20/2336—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer both layers being aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the performance of a heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy friction stir welding joint. The key points are that the method comprises the following process steps: firstly, carrying out solution heat treatment on an aluminum alloy material to be welded at a solution temperature of 465-545 +/-5 ℃ for 4-8 h, and after water quenching, placing the aluminum alloy material in a low-temperature environment for preservation; welding the aluminum alloy by adopting friction stir welding equipment, and quickly cooling the welding seam position, so that the growth of recrystallized grains is inhibited, and simultaneously, alloy elements are ensured to be dissolved in the aluminum matrix as much as possible to obtain a supersaturated solid solution; and after the friction stir welding is finished, carrying out peak value ageing heat treatment on the whole welding part, wherein the ageing treatment temperature is (150-190) +/-5 ℃, and the heat preservation time is (7-20) h. The invention can avoid the dissolution and growth of the aging precipitated phase at the welding joint part, inhibit the softening of the welding joint, improve the strength and plasticity of the welding joint and finally obtain the friction stir welding joint with compact structure, strength more than 85 percent of the strength of the base metal and good comprehensive performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction stir welding and relates to a method for improving the performance of a heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy friction stir welding joint.
Background
With the development of light weight technology, the application of high-strength aluminum alloy in automobiles and aerospace equipment is more and more extensive, and the connection of aluminum alloy also faces more challenges. The friction stir welding process belongs to the solid phase connection technology, has small heat input and low welding temperature in the welding process, and can avoid the problems of large precipitated phase, hole defect, embrittlement, cracking and the like caused by fusion welding. Friction stir welding is a severe plastic deformation process, and dynamic recrystallization of materials occurs at a welding joint.
The 2000 series, 6000 series and 7000 series aluminum alloys belong to heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloys. In the process of friction stir welding, although the temperature is lower than the melting point, the welding temperature is higher in a welding nucleation area and a heat engine influence area, the cooling speed in the air is slower, and a welding joint is easily dissolved, grown and coarsened by a second phase under the action of high welding temperature for a long time. Meanwhile, the high temperature causes the growth of recrystallized grains at the joint. These all deteriorate the performance of the aluminum alloy welded joint. The welding temperature and the heat treatment system are strictly controlled, and the method has important significance for improving the structure and the performance of the welded joint.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for improving the performance of a heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy friction stir welding joint, aiming at the problems of dissolution and coarsening of a precipitated phase and coarsening of recrystallized grains at the heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy friction stir welding joint.
In order to improve the performance of the heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy friction stir welding joint, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A method for improving the performance of a heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy friction stir welding joint comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out solution heat treatment on an aluminum alloy plate, and after the rapid quenching is finished, placing the plate in a subzero environment for cryogenic treatment.
Secondly, placing the sample in the air for about 0.5-1 h before starting welding, starting friction stir welding after the temperature of the sample reaches the room temperature, strictly controlling the rotating speed and the welding speed of a welding joint in the welding process, and accelerating the cooling speed of the welding joint part on the rear side of a welding shaft shoulder by adopting a rapid cooling method;
and thirdly, after welding, putting the welded plate into heat treatment for peak aging treatment, and then naturally cooling to room temperature.
Further, in the first step, the heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy plate comprises 2000, 6000 and 7000 series aluminum alloys, and the thickness of the plate is 2-12 mm.
Furthermore, in the first step, the temperature of the solution heat treatment is (465-545) +/-5 ℃, and the heat preservation time is (1-10) h.
Further, in the first step, the aluminum alloy in the solution-quenched state is stored at a low temperature before the friction stir welding test, and the temperature is always kept at zero or less by adding liquid nitrogen to the storage apparatus to maintain a low-temperature environment.
Furthermore, in the first step, the quenching transfer time is controlled within 10-20 s, the quenching medium is water, and the water temperature is controlled to be (20-80) +/-5 ℃.
Furthermore, in the second step, the heat input of the friction stir welding process is strictly controlled in the welding process, and the welding heat input is controlled to be 7-15 kJ/mm.
Furthermore, in the second step, in the friction stir welding process, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 300-2000 r/min, the welding speed is 40-500 mm/min, and the pressing amount between the stirring head shafts is 0.1-0.2 mm.
Furthermore, in the second step, in the friction stir welding process, a cooling medium is introduced to the rear side of the shaft shoulder, and the cooling medium can be water cooling, air cooling or liquid nitrogen, so that the temperature of the welding joint is rapidly cooled.
And further, in the third step, after the friction stir welding is finished, placing the plate into a heating furnace for aging heat treatment, controlling the temperature to be (150-190) +/-5 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 7-20 hours.
The invention provides a method for improving the performance of a heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy friction stir welding joint, which has the advantages that compared with the prior art: before welding, the aluminum alloy plate is subjected to solution quenching treatment, and the state is stored at low temperature, so that the aluminum alloy plate is in a supersaturated state before welding; welding heat input is strictly controlled in the welding process, and meanwhile, a rapid cooling mode is adopted, so that the dissolution and coarsening of a precipitated phase at a welding joint are inhibited, a supersaturated solid solution state similar to that before welding is obtained, and sufficient driving force of subsequent artificial aging is ensured. And finally, carrying out peak value aging heat treatment on the welding part to finally obtain the high-strength welding joint. The invention strictly controls the heat in the welding process, effectively limits the precipitated phase form, distribution and grain size at the welding joint and can prepare the welding structural member with ideal comprehensive mechanical property.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples illustrate the invention in detail: the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1:
firstly, selecting a 7055 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 4mm, spray-forming, quickly transferring the 7055 aluminum alloy plate into a quenching device at the solution heat treatment temperature of 490 +/-5 ℃ and the heat preservation time of 1h, wherein the quenching medium is warm water at the temperature of 50 +/-5 ℃, and the aluminum alloy is in a supersaturated state;
transferring the solid-solution aluminum alloy into a low-temperature storage device for storage, wherein the temperature of the device is always controlled below zero;
taking the aluminum alloy plate out of the storage device, placing the aluminum alloy plate on a friction stir welding machine to carry out welding after the aluminum alloy plate reaches the room temperature, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring head is 100r/min, and the welding speed is 100 mm/min;
in the welding process, spraying liquid nitrogen to the rear side of the shaft shoulder to cool the joint;
after the 7055 aluminum alloy is welded, placing the welded part into an aging heat treatment furnace for aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 150 ℃, and preserving heat for 8 hours;
tensile samples were taken at the weld joint and tested for tensile strength and plasticity.
TABLE 1 mechanical properties of aluminum alloys and joints obtained by spray forming 7055 aluminum alloy using prior art processing
Example 2:
firstly, selecting a 6061 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 3mm, quickly transferring the 6061 aluminum alloy plate into a quenching device at the solution heat treatment temperature of 530 +/-5 ℃ and the heat preservation time of 1h, wherein the quenching medium is warm water at the temperature of 50 +/-5 ℃, and the aluminum alloy is in a supersaturated state;
transferring the solid-solution aluminum alloy into a low-temperature storage device for storage, wherein the temperature of the device is always controlled below zero;
taking the aluminum alloy plate out of the storage device, and placing the aluminum alloy plate on a friction stir welding machine for welding, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring head is 1200r/min, and the welding speed is 200 mm/min;
in the welding process, spraying liquid nitrogen to the rear side of the shaft shoulder to cool the joint;
after the 6061 aluminum alloy is welded, placing the welded part into an aging heat treatment furnace for aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 180 ℃, and preserving heat for 8 hours;
tensile samples were taken at the weld joint and tested for tensile strength and plasticity.
TABLE 2 mechanical properties of aluminum alloys and welded components obtained by treating 6061 aluminum alloys according to the prior art
Example 3：
Firstly, selecting a 2024 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 4.5mm, quickly transferring the plate into a quenching device at the solution heat treatment temperature of 490 +/-5 ℃ and the heat preservation time of 1h, wherein the quenching medium is warm water at the temperature of 50 +/-5 ℃, and the aluminum alloy is in a supersaturated state;
transferring the solid-solution aluminum alloy into a low-temperature storage device for storage, wherein the temperature of the device is always controlled below zero;
taking the aluminum alloy plate out of the storage device, and placing the aluminum alloy plate on a friction stir welding machine for welding, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring head is 1600r/min, and the welding speed is 120 mm/min;
in the welding process, spraying liquid nitrogen to the rear side of the shaft shoulder to cool the joint;
after the 2024 aluminum alloy is welded, the welded part is placed into an aging heat treatment furnace for aging treatment, the aging temperature is 170 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 12 hours;
tensile samples were taken at the weld joint and tested for tensile strength and plasticity.
TABLE 3 mechanical properties of aluminum alloys and welded components obtained by treating 2024 aluminum alloys according to the prior art
Claims (5)
1. A method for improving the performance of a heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy friction stir welding joint is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, putting an aluminum alloy plate into a heat treatment furnace for solution heat treatment, quickly quenching, and then putting the aluminum alloy plate into a subzero environment for cryogenic treatment;
secondly, before welding, placing the aluminum alloy plate in the air for 0.1-1 h to enable the temperature of the aluminum alloy plate to reach room temperature; then carrying out friction stir welding on the aluminum alloy plate, strictly controlling the rotating speed and the welding speed of the welding joint in the friction stir welding process, and accelerating the cooling speed of the welding joint part by adopting a quick cooling method on the rear side of the welding shaft shoulder;
thirdly, after welding, putting the aluminum alloy welding part into a heat treatment furnace for peak value aging treatment, and then naturally cooling to room temperature;
in the first step, the quenching transfer time is controlled within 10-20 s, the quenching medium is water, and the water temperature is controlled to be (20-80) +/-5 ℃;
in the second step of friction stir welding, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 300-2000 r/min, the welding speed is 40-500 mm/min, and the pressing amount between the stirring head shafts is 0.1-0.2 mm;
in the second step, the heat input in the welding process is strictly controlled in the friction stir welding process, and the welding heat input is controlled to be 7-15 kJ/mm;
and in the third step, after the friction stir welding is finished, placing the welded part into a heating furnace for aging heat treatment, controlling the temperature to be (150-190) +/-5 ℃, and keeping the temperature for (7-20 h).
2. The method for improving the performance of a friction stir welded joint of a heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the friction stir welded heat treatable strengthened aluminum alloy comprises 2000, 6000 and 7000 series aluminum alloys, and the plate thickness is 2-12 mm.
3. The method for improving the performance of a friction stir welded joint of a heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the solution heat treatment temperature is (465-545) ± 5 ℃ and the holding time is (1-10) h.
4. The method for improving the performance of a friction stir welded joint of a heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the aluminum alloy in a solution-quenched state is stored at a low temperature before the friction stir welding test, and the temperature is always kept at zero or below by adding liquid nitrogen to a storage device to maintain a low-temperature environment.
5. The method for improving the performance of the friction stir welded joint of the heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, a cooling medium is introduced to the rear side of the shaft shoulder during the friction stir welding process, and the cooling medium can be water cooling, air cooling or liquid nitrogen, so that the temperature of the welded joint is rapidly cooled.
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| CN114147425B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2023-07-07 | 大连理工大学 | Preparation method and device for large-width aluminum alloy tailor-welded blank |
| CN114107851B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-06-17 | 江苏海洋大学 | Distribution optimization method for processing white copper alloy grain boundary characteristics based on stirring friction |
| CN115213543A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-10-21 | 华南理工大学 | Water spraying type friction stir welding and postweld heat treatment process combination method |
| CN115323291A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-11-11 | 西安航天精密机电研究所 | Low-temperature storage heat treatment method for aluminum alloy castings |
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| JP4602796B2 (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2010-12-22 | 住友軽金属工業株式会社 | Dissimilar metal member joining method |
| US20080230584A1 (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2008-09-25 | The Boeing Company | Method for Manufacturing a Workpiece by Friction Welding to Reduce the Occurrence of Abnormal Grain Growth |
| CN102605304A (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2012-07-25 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | Technological method for grain refinement of aluminum alloy extruded section |
| CN104017979A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-09-03 | 燕山大学 | Heat treatment method for improving properties of high-strength aluminum alloy stirring friction welding joint |
| CN106498245B (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2018-04-24 | 江苏大学 | The high-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy and its preparation process that a kind of subzero treatment is strengthened |
| CN107738066A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-27 | 广西南南铝加工有限公司 | A kind of agitating friction welds aluminium alloy element preparation technology |
| CN107570862B (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-10-29 | 广西南南铝加工有限公司 | A kind of 6 line aluminium alloy Friction Stir Welding component preparation processes |
| CN107740014B (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-09-17 | 中南大学 | A kind of cryogenic treating process inhibiting aluminium alloy automobile plate natrual ageing |
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