CN113261553A - Efficient and environment-friendly animal bone specimen manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing an efficient and environment-friendly animal bone specimen, belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of animal specimens, and discloses a method for manufacturing an efficient and environment-friendly animal bone specimen, which comprises the following steps: (1) peeling and eviscerating; (2) separating the joint; (3) maintaining the pressure at 0.10-0.14 MPa (120-126 ℃) for 5-40 min for high-pressure treatment; (4) removing meat; (5) cleaning grease; (6) and (5) serially mounting and fixing. The animal bone specimen manufactured by the invention has the advantages of complete structure, reality, naturalness, strong stereoscopic impression and easy preservation; the manufacturing method has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection, simplicity, easy operation, low cost and the like, and is convenient for popularization and application.

Description

Efficient and environment-friendly animal bone specimen manufacturing method

The technical field is as follows:

the invention relates to the technical field of animal specimen preparation, and discloses a high-efficiency and environment-friendly animal bone specimen preparation method.

Background art:

the traditional method for preparing the animal bone specimen mainly comprises the following steps: burying in soil, worm-eating, retting, boiling and drying in the air. These methods have the common disadvantages that: the early treatment of the bones takes a long time, for example, the pig bones can be obtained after two years of natural decay and decomposition by using a soil burying method; the later stage generally comprises degreasing and bleaching links, and the steps are relatively complicated and time-consuming; some degreasing agents and bleaching agents used in the degreasing and bleaching links have certain corrosiveness, and potential safety hazards and potential risks of environmental pollution exist. These disadvantages all limit the preparation of animal bone specimens to some extent.

The invention content is as follows:

the invention aims to solve the problems of long time consumption, complicated manufacturing steps and environmental pollution in the traditional method for manufacturing animal bone specimens, and provides an efficient and environment-friendly method for manufacturing various animal bone specimens.

The technical scheme of the invention is that the efficient and environment-friendly animal bone specimen preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) peeling and eviscerating

The skin of the dead animals was peeled off, then the abdominal cavity was opened, and the internal organs were taken out one by one.

(2) Separation joint

When the animal body size is larger or the volume of the high-pressure steam sterilization pot is smaller, simple separation treatment is carried out at each joint according to the anatomical structure characteristics of the animal, so that the head and the neck are separated, the front limb and the rear limb are separated from the trunk, the front part and the rear part of the trunk are separated, and the tail is separated from the trunk. For smaller animals, there may be little or no separation, leaving them intact in whole or in part.

(3) High pressure processing

And (3) placing the separated parts or the whole animal in a high-pressure steam sterilization pot, maintaining the pressure at 0.10-0.14 MPa (120-126 ℃) for 5-40 min for high-pressure treatment, taking out, cooling and then removing meat.

(4) Picking meat

Carefully removing muscles and ligaments on the skeleton to obtain the skeleton. Position and sequence marks are made when small bones are picked, the small bones are respectively wrapped by gauze, and the integrity of the structure is kept as much as possible so as to prevent mess and loss and facilitate the subsequent serial mounting and fixing.

Mashing medulla cerebri from the large hole of occipital bone, and injecting clear water for many times to clean. An iron wire with proper thickness is inserted into the vertebral canal from front to back to destroy the spinal cord, and then clear water is injected into the vertebral canal for many times to clean the spinal cord.

(5) Cleaning grease

The grease on the skeleton is cleaned by using detergent, washing powder, laundry detergent and the like which are commonly used in daily life as cleaning agents. In addition, a plurality of small holes are drilled on the bone body of the long bone to reach a bone marrow cavity by using a bone drill, and then cleaning fluid is repeatedly injected into the bone marrow cavity until the grease in the bone marrow cavity is cleaned. The cleaned bones can be fixed in series after being naturally dried.

(6) Fixing in series

A specimen holder for fixing a bone specimen is prepared in advance. When the bones are stringed, the bones of the front and rear limbs are respectively firmly adhered by glue or directly fixed by thin iron wires, then the skull and the trunk bones are fixed on the support posts of the specimen rack by the thicker iron wires according to the anatomical structure characteristics and the natural posture of the animal, and the bones of the four limbs are fixed on the trunk after the height is adjusted.

The animal bone specimen manufactured by the invention has complete anatomical structure, stable connection, reality, naturalness, strong stereoscopic impression and easy preservation.

The manufacturing method of the invention has the advantages of simplicity, time saving, high efficiency, environmental protection, low cost and the like.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the invention solves the problem of long time consumption for manufacturing animal bone specimens and improves the manufacturing efficiency.

(2) The high-pressure steam sterilization pot used in the invention is very common, simple to operate and convenient to use; it is also an ideal device for disinfection and sterilization, and the pressure, temperature and time parameters can be freely set according to requirements.

(3) The invention does not need degreasing and bleaching treatment, optimizes the steps and saves time.

(4) The degreasing agent or the bleaching agent does not need to use a chemical agent which has corrosivity and inflammability and is harmful to the environment, and the degreasing agent or the bleaching agent has low manufacturing cost, safety and environmental protection.

(5) The detergent, the washing powder and the laundry detergent are used as cleaning agents, so that grease is removed cleanly and thoroughly, the cost is low, and the detergent is safe, non-toxic and environment-friendly.

(6) The animal bone specimen preparation method is simple, efficient, environment-friendly, low in cost and convenient to popularize and apply.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 cervical, thoracic and lumbar ventral surfaces of cats in example 1

FIG. 2 Cat hip, sacrum and coccyx in example 1

FIG. 3 Cat bone specimen in example 1

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the following examples are primarily intended to further illustrate the invention:

example 1

Preparation of cat bone specimen

The manufacturing steps are as follows:

(1) peeling and eviscerating

Felis raccoon cat, 7 years old, dies due to renal failure. The cat carcasses were placed on a dissecting tray, and the skin was first dissected from the midline of the abdomen with a scalpel, and then the skin and muscle were separated laterally until the skin was peeled off. The peeling process can not be forcedly torn, especially the ends of the front and rear limbs. Finally, the abdominal cavity is opened, and the internal organs such as the liver, the stomach, the spleen, the large intestine, the small intestine, the kidney, the bladder and the like are taken out one by one.

(2) Separation joint

When the body size of the cat is large, simple separation treatment is carried out at each joint according to the anatomical structure characteristic of the cat, the surrounding muscles and ligaments are cut off at the occipital region joint, and the head and the neck are separated; cutting shoulder muscles at the shoulder belt part to separate forelimb from trunk part; at the hip joint, the surrounding muscles and ligaments are cut off, and the hind limb and the trunk are separated; destroying the intervertebral disc between the posterior lumbar vertebra and the anterior end of the sacrum to separate the anterior and posterior parts of the trunk; in this example, the tail was not separated from the sacrum.

(3) High pressure processing

Placing the separated parts into a dissecting tray, placing into a high pressure steam sterilizing pan, maintaining at 0.11MPa (121.5 deg.C) for 8min for high pressure treatment, taking out, cooling, and removing meat.

(4) Picking meat

Carefully remove the muscles and ligaments to obtain each skeleton. When muscles and ligaments of front and rear foot bones are removed, position and sequence marks are made, the front and rear foot bones are respectively wrapped by gauze, and the integrity of the structure is kept as much as possible so as to prevent scattering and loss and facilitate later-stage serial mounting and fixation. When tiny muscles and ligaments at the depressed part of the trunk bone are removed, the toothbrush is used for brushing. When the thorax part is treated, the structural integrity of all the joints is kept as much as possible, which saves a great deal of time for the later serial fixation.

The syringe needle is inserted from the big hole of the occipital bone, and the brain marrow is smashed and then is cleaned by injecting clear water for a plurality of times. An iron wire with proper thickness is inserted into the vertebral canal from front to back to destroy the spinal cord, and then clear water is injected into the vertebral canal for many times to clean the spinal cord. Removing intervertebral discs between vertebrae of the spine to disperse the vertebrae, and threading the vertebrae with a string in advance to prevent wrong sequence in the later serial installation; or the intervertebral disc is not removed, thereby keeping the tightly connected state of the vertebrae. The embodiment adopts a method without removing the intervertebral disc, has good effect, saves time and reduces the workload of the subsequent serial assembly.

(5) Cleaning grease

After the soft tissues such as muscles are removed, the grease inside and outside the skeleton needs to be cleaned. Adding appropriate amount of daily-used detergent into clear water, stirring, soaking bone in the mixture for 0.5 hr, and rinsing. And then soaking the skeleton for 2 times by using a new liquid detergent solution, so that the grease on the skeleton can be removed completely.

In addition, a plurality of small holes are drilled in the bone body of the long bone to reach the marrow cavity by using a bone drill, and then the detergent solution is repeatedly injected into the marrow cavity by using a syringe until the grease in the marrow cavity is cleaned. The cleaned bones can be fixed in series after being naturally dried.

(6) Fixing in series

A specimen holder with front and rear pillars for fixing a bone specimen is prepared in advance. When the skeleton is stringed, the small skeletons of the front and rear limbs are firmly stuck and fixed by glue, the large skeleton is directly fixed by thin iron wires, then the skull and the trunk bone are fixed on the support by the thicker iron wires according to the anatomical structure characteristics and the natural posture of the cat, and the limb bones are fixed on the trunk after the height is adjusted.

Example 2

Preparation of bone specimen of puppy

The manufacturing steps are as follows:

(1) peeling and eviscerating

China rural dog, 1 year old, died due to pancreatitis. The dog carcass was placed on a dissecting tray, and the skin was first cut from the midline of the abdomen with a scalpel, and then the whole body of skin and muscle were separated in both lateral directions, respectively, until the skin was peeled off. The peeling process can not be forcedly torn, especially the ends of the front and rear limbs. Finally, the abdominal cavity is opened, and the internal organs such as the liver, the stomach, the spleen, the large intestine, the small intestine, the kidney, the bladder and the like are taken out one by one.

(2) Separation joint

When the dog has a large physique, the simple separation treatment is carried out at each joint according to the anatomical structure characteristics of the dog, the peripheral muscles and ligaments are cut at the occipital region joint, and the head and the neck are separated; cutting shoulder muscles at the shoulder belt part to separate forelimb from trunk part; at the hip joint, the surrounding muscles and ligaments are cut off, and the hind limb and the trunk are separated; destroying the intervertebral disc between the posterior lumbar vertebra and the anterior end of the sacrum to separate the anterior and posterior parts of the trunk; the intervertebral disc is destroyed between the posterior end of the sacrum and the first coccygeal vertebra, separating the tail from the trunk.

(3) High pressure processing

Placing the separated head, forelimb, hind limb, and front and back body into a dissecting tray, placing in a high pressure steam sterilizing pot, maintaining at 0.10MPa (120 deg.C) for 5min for high pressure treatment, taking out, cooling, and removing meat.

(4) Picking meat

Carefully remove the muscles and ligaments to obtain each skeleton. When muscles and ligaments of front and rear foot bones are removed, position and sequence marks are made, the front and rear foot bones are respectively wrapped by gauze, and the integrity of the structure is kept as much as possible so as to prevent scattering and loss and facilitate later-stage serial mounting and fixation. When tiny muscles and ligaments at the depressed part of the trunk bone are removed, the toothbrush is used for brushing.

The syringe needle is inserted from the big hole of the occipital bone, and the brain marrow is smashed and then is cleaned by injecting clear water for a plurality of times. An iron wire with proper thickness is inserted into the vertebral canal from front to back to destroy the spinal cord, and then clear water is injected into the vertebral canal for many times to clean the spinal cord. The intervertebral discs between the vertebrae of the spine are removed to allow the vertebrae to distract and be threaded in advance with a string to prevent a wrong order in the later stage of stringing.

(5) Cleaning grease

After the soft tissues such as muscles are removed, the grease inside and outside the skeleton needs to be cleaned. Adding appropriate amount of daily-used laundry detergent into clear water, stirring, soaking bone in the mixture for 0.5h, and rinsing. And then soaking the skeleton for 2 times by using a new laundry detergent solution, so that the grease on the skeleton can be removed completely.

In addition, a plurality of small holes are drilled on the bone body of the long bone to the bone marrow cavity by using a bone drill, and then the washing liquid solution is repeatedly injected into the bone marrow cavity by using a syringe until the grease in the bone marrow cavity is cleaned. The cleaned bones can be fixed in series after being naturally dried.

(6) Fixing in series

A specimen holder with front and rear pillars for fixing a bone specimen is prepared in advance. When the bones are stringed, the small bones of the front and rear limbs are firmly stuck and fixed by glue, the large bones are directly fixed by thin iron wires, then the skull and the trunk bones are fixed on the support by the thicker iron wires according to the anatomical structure characteristics and the natural posture of the dog, and the bones of the four limbs are fixed on the trunk after the height is adjusted.

Example 3

Preparation of bone specimen of old dog

The manufacturing steps are as follows:

(1) peeling and eviscerating

Bomei dogs, 10 years old, die due to ileus. The dog carcass was placed on a dissecting tray, and the skin was first cut from the midline of the abdomen with a scalpel, and then the whole body of skin and muscle were separated in both lateral directions, respectively, until the skin was peeled off. The peeling process can not be forcedly torn, especially the ends of the front and rear limbs. Finally, the abdominal cavity is opened, and the internal organs such as the liver, the stomach, the spleen, the large intestine, the small intestine, the kidney, the bladder and the like are taken out one by one.

(2) Separation joint

When the dog has a large physique, the simple separation treatment is carried out at each joint according to the anatomical structure characteristics of the dog, the peripheral muscles and ligaments are cut at the occipital region joint, and the head and the neck are separated; cutting shoulder muscles at the shoulder belt part to separate forelimb from trunk part; at the hip joint, the surrounding muscles and ligaments are cut off, and the hind limb and the trunk are separated; destroying the intervertebral disc between the posterior lumbar vertebra and the anterior end of the sacrum to separate the anterior and posterior parts of the trunk; the intervertebral disc is destroyed between the posterior end of the sacrum and the first coccygeal vertebra, separating the tail from the trunk.

(3) High pressure processing

Placing the separated head, forelimb, hind limb, and front and back body into a dissecting tray, placing in a high pressure steam sterilizing pot, maintaining at 0.14MPa (126 deg.C) for 40min for high pressure treatment, taking out, cooling, and removing meat.

(4) Picking meat

Carefully remove the muscles and ligaments to obtain each skeleton. When muscles and ligaments of front and rear foot bones are removed, position and sequence marks are made, the front and rear foot bones are respectively wrapped by gauze, and the integrity of the structure is kept as much as possible so as to prevent scattering and loss and facilitate later-stage serial mounting and fixation. When tiny muscles and ligaments at the depressed part of the trunk bone are removed, the toothbrush is used for brushing.

The syringe needle is inserted from the big hole of the occipital bone, and the brain marrow is smashed and then is cleaned by injecting clear water for a plurality of times. An iron wire with proper thickness is inserted into the vertebral canal from front to back to destroy the spinal cord, and then clear water is injected into the vertebral canal for many times to clean the spinal cord. The intervertebral discs between the vertebrae of the spine are removed to allow the vertebrae to distract and be threaded in advance with a string to prevent a wrong order in the later stage of stringing.

(5) Cleaning grease

After the soft tissues such as muscles are removed, the grease inside and outside the skeleton needs to be cleaned. Adding appropriate amount of daily washing powder into clear water, stirring, soaking bone in the mixture for 0.5 hr, and rinsing. And then soaking the skeleton for 2 times by using a new washing powder solution, so that the grease on the skeleton can be removed completely.

In addition, a plurality of small holes are drilled on the bone body of the long bone to the bone marrow cavity by using a bone drill, and then washing powder solution is repeatedly injected into the bone marrow cavity by using a syringe until the grease in the bone marrow cavity is cleaned. The cleaned bones can be fixed in series after being naturally dried.

(6) Fixing in series

A specimen holder with front and rear pillars for fixing a bone specimen is prepared in advance. When the bones are stringed, the small bones of the front and rear limbs are firmly stuck and fixed by glue, the large bones are directly fixed by thin iron wires, then the skull and the trunk bones are fixed on the support by the thicker iron wires according to the anatomical structure characteristics and the natural posture of the dog, and the bones of the four limbs are fixed on the trunk after the height is adjusted.

Example 4

Preparation of rabbit bone specimen

The manufacturing steps are as follows:

(1) peeling and eviscerating

Chinese white rabbits, 1.5 years old, were sacrificed by intravenous air injection at the ear margins. The rabbit carcass is placed on an anatomical plate, the skin is firstly cut from the midline of the abdomen by a scalpel, and then the skin and the muscle of the whole body are respectively separated towards the two sides until the skin is peeled off. Finally, the abdominal cavity is opened, and the internal organs such as the liver, the stomach, the spleen, the large intestine, the small intestine, the kidney, the bladder and the like are taken out one by one.

(2) Separation joint

Because the rabbit has small physique, the joint does not need to be separated, so that the rabbit keeps integral integrity.

(3) High pressure processing

Placing the whole rabbit into a dissecting tray, placing into a high pressure steam sterilizing pan, maintaining at 0.11MPa (121.5 deg.C) for 5min for high pressure treatment, taking out, cooling, and removing meat.

(4) Picking meat

Carefully remove the muscles and ligaments to obtain each skeleton. When muscles and ligaments of front and rear foot bones are removed, position and sequence marks are made, the front and rear foot bones are respectively wrapped by gauze, and the integrity of the structure is kept as much as possible so as to prevent scattering and loss and facilitate later-stage serial mounting and fixation. When tiny muscles and ligaments at the depressed part of the trunk bone are removed, the toothbrush is used for brushing.

The syringe needle is inserted from the big hole of the occipital bone, and the brain marrow is smashed and then is cleaned by injecting clear water for a plurality of times. An iron wire with proper thickness is inserted into the vertebral canal from front to back to destroy the spinal cord, and then clear water is injected into the vertebral canal for many times to clean the spinal cord. The intervertebral discs between the vertebrae of the spine are removed to allow the vertebrae to distract and be threaded in advance with a string to prevent a wrong order in the later stage of stringing.

(5) Cleaning grease

After the soft tissues such as muscles are removed, the grease inside and outside the skeleton needs to be cleaned. Adding appropriate amount of daily-used detergent into clear water, stirring, soaking bone in the mixture for 0.5 hr, and rinsing. And then soaking the skeleton for 2 times by using a new liquid detergent solution, so that the grease on the skeleton can be removed completely.

In addition, a plurality of small holes are drilled in the bone body of the long bone to reach the marrow cavity by using a bone drill, and then the detergent solution is repeatedly injected into the marrow cavity by using a syringe until the grease in the marrow cavity is cleaned. The cleaned bones can be fixed in series after being naturally dried.

(6) Fixing in series

A specimen holder for fixing a bone specimen is prepared in advance. When the bones are stringed, the small bones of the front and rear limbs are firmly stuck and fixed by glue, the large bones are directly fixed by thin iron wires, then the skull is fixed on the support by the thicker iron wires according to the anatomical structure characteristics and natural postures of rabbits, and the bones of the four limbs are fixed on the trunk after the height is adjusted.

Claims (3)

1. An efficient and environment-friendly method for manufacturing animal bone specimens is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) peeling and removing internal organs to peel off the skin of the dead animal, then opening the abdominal cavity, and taking out the internal organs one by one;

2) when the animal body size is larger or the volume of the high-pressure steam sterilization pot is smaller, simple separation treatment is carried out on each joint according to the anatomical structure characteristics of the animal; for animals with smaller physique, the joint can be separated little or not, so that the joint can be kept partially or wholly intact;

3) high pressure treatment, namely placing the separated parts or the whole animal in a high pressure steam sterilization pot, performing high pressure treatment, taking out, cooling and removing meat;

4) carefully removing muscles and ligaments on bones by removing meat to obtain the bones;

5) cleaning grease, cleaning the grease on the skeleton by using a cleaning agent;

6) the animal bone specimen is manufactured by fixing bones on a specimen rack in series according to the anatomical structure characteristics and the natural posture of the animal.

2. The method for preparing an efficient and environment-friendly animal bone specimen as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the high pressure treatment is carried out at 0.10-0.14 MPa (120-126 ℃) for 5-40 min.

3. The method for preparing an efficient and environment-friendly animal bone specimen as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cleaning agent is any one of detergent, washing powder and laundry detergent which are commonly used in daily life.

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