CN113258905B - Device and method for generating flat-topped pulse high-intensity magnetic field through multi-power supply cooperative power supply - Google Patents
Device and method for generating flat-topped pulse high-intensity magnetic field through multi-power supply cooperative power supply Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
- H03K3/57—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback the switching device being a semiconductor device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for generating a flat-topped pulse high-intensity magnetic field by multi-power supply cooperative power supply, which mainly comprise the following steps: the high-voltage capacitor power supply consists of a high-voltage capacitor bank and a thyristor; the storage battery power supply consists of a storage battery pack, a first direct current breaker and a current conversion switch; the super capacitor power supply consists of a super capacitor bank, a second direct current breaker and a multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter; a high voltage isolation unit; a follow current branch; a magnet; the working process is as follows, firstly the high-voltage capacitor power supply discharges to the magnet to make the current of the magnet rise rapidly, then when the voltage of the high-voltage capacitor bank is lower than the voltage of the storage battery pack, the high-voltage capacitor power supply and the storage battery power supply commutate, the magnet is supplied with power by the super capacitor power supply and the storage battery power supply at the same time after the commutation, the magnet current is subjected to negative feedback control through the multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter to generate a flat-top magnetic field, and after the discharge is finished, the energy of the magnet is released by the follow current loop. In conclusion, a high stability, long duration, high plateau ratio plateau pulsed magnetic field is generated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pulse power, and particularly relates to a device and a method for generating a flat-topped pulse high-intensity magnetic field by multi-power supply cooperative power supply.
Background
With the rapid development of science and technology, the pulsed high-intensity magnetic field has become an indispensable research condition for basic advanced scientific research as an extreme experimental environment. Many scientific experiments and leading-edge technologies such as specific heat measurement, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), high-power gyrotron terahertz source and the like have extremely high requirements on Magnetic field intensity and Magnetic field stability, and the longer the Magnetic field duration is, the more the scientific research is realized. For example: the magnetic field duration in NMR and specific heat measurements needs to be respectively longer than 10 times of the molecular duration and the sample thermal relaxation time, so that the magnetic field duration directly determines the molecular species and specific heat measurement technology which can be researched by the NMR technology; in a high-power gyrotron terahertz source, the duration time of a magnetic field directly determines the emission duration time of terahertz waves, and the terahertz wave source has a decisive effect on an application scene, is limited by a pulse magnetic field waveform at present, has the radiation time of less than 0.5ms and poor stability, and seriously restricts the application of the terahertz wave source.
In conclusion, the method has important significance for basic leading edge scientific research and the development of high-power gyrotron terahertz source technology by improving the flat-top duration of the flat-top pulse high-intensity magnetic field and ensuring the high stability and high field intensity of the flat-top pulse high-intensity magnetic field.
The parameters of the existing flat-top pulsed magnetic field are shown in table 1. The power supply for generating the pulse strong magnetic field mainly comprises: a flywheel energy storage alternating current pulse generator, a capacitor bank and a lead-acid storage battery pack. The output voltage of the flywheel energy storage alternating current pulse generator is controllable, and under the condition that energy storage is enough, various pulse waveforms can be generated by regulating and controlling the output voltage. However, the ac pulse generator essentially has unavoidable ripples, so it is difficult to obtain a flat-top pulse magnetic field with high stability, the stability of the flat-top pulse magnetic field generated by the current method is about 5000ppm, and the stability cannot meet the application requirements of gyrotron, NMR and the like.
TABLE 1 type and parameters of the existing flattop pulsed magnetic field
The high-voltage capacitor bank has the advantage that the output power is not limited, and the magnet current can be rapidly increased by utilizing the advantage of high voltage. However, the energy storage is low, the output voltage is uncontrollable, and the output voltage drops rapidly in the discharging process, so that the flat top is difficult to maintain in the discharging process. The strong magnetic field in China and the physical research institute of Japan propose methods for generating a flat-top pulsed magnetic field by using a high-voltage capacitor to supply power, which respectively generate 64T/2000ppm/6ms and 60.64T/82ppm/2ms flat-top pulsed magnetic fields, but the problem of short flat-top duration is difficult to solve, see Chinese patent ZL201310728223.5 and English paper "Generation of flat-top pulsed fields with feedback control approach", respectively, the Chinese names are: and a flat-topped pulse magnetic field is generated by adopting feedback control.
The storage battery power supply has the advantages of high energy storage of the pulse generator power supply and no ripple of the capacitor power supply, and is suitable for generating a long pulse magnetic field. However, the output power of the storage battery is low, the rise time of the magnetic field is long, joule heat is generated by the magnet under the action of large current, and the resistance of the magnet is gradually increased by the heat effect, so that the magnetic field is slowly reduced after reaching the maximum value. Therefore, researchers at the national pulse high-intensity magnetic field center in wuhan have proposed that a shunt PWM regulation bypass is adopted, see english paper: the term "Development of a High-Stability Flat-Top Pulsed Magnetic Field Facility" is: development and Chinese patent of a high-stability flat-top pulse magnetic field device: ZL201810411004.7 is based on a linear regulation bypass of the IGBT active region to generate a flat-topped pulsed high magnetic field. The voltage division ratio of the series impedance of the magnet and the magnet is changed through bypass regulation, flat top can be generated for a certain time at the peak value of the magnetic field, the regulation capacity is limited, and large-range regulation difficulty is high.
In addition, the existing flat-top pulse magnetic field generally has the problems of small flat-top time relative to pulse width time, namely small flat-top ratio and low efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for generating a flat-topped pulse high-intensity magnetic field by multi-power supply cooperative power supply, and aims to solve the problems that the stability and the flat-topped duration of the existing flat-topped pulse high-intensity magnetic field are difficult to take into account, the flat-topped occupation ratio is small, and the efficiency is low.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for generating a flattop pulse high-intensity magnetic field by multiple power supplies cooperatively supplying power, including: the device comprises a storage battery power supply, a super capacitor power supply, a high-voltage capacitor power supply, a follow current branch and a magnet;
the positive electrode of the output end of the storage battery power supply and the positive electrode of the super capacitor power supply are both connected with the first output end of the positive electrode of the high-voltage capacitor power supply;
a second output end of the positive electrode of the high-voltage capacitor power supply is respectively connected with one end of the follow current branch and one end of the magnet; the negative electrode of the storage battery power supply, the negative electrode of the super capacitor power supply, the negative electrode of the high-voltage capacitor power supply, the other end of the follow current branch and the other end of the magnet are grounded together;
before discharging the magnet, charging a storage battery power supply, a super capacitor power supply and a high-voltage capacitor power supply for storing energy;
when the magnet is discharged, the high-voltage capacitor power supply is controlled to discharge the magnet, the current of the magnet is at the rising stage, when the voltage of a high-voltage capacitor bank in the high-voltage capacitor power supply is lower than the voltage of a storage battery pack in the storage battery power supply, the storage battery power supply starts to discharge the magnet, the high-voltage capacitor power supply and the storage battery power supply carry out current conversion, and the magnet is discharged by the storage battery power supply independently after the current conversion is finished; when the current of the magnet is detected to reach a set value after the current conversion is finished, entering a magnet current flat-top stage, starting the work of the super capacitor power supply, taking the end voltage of a high-voltage capacitor bank as a state feedback quantity and the magnet current as a control quantity, carrying out negative feedback control on the magnet current by changing the duty ratio of a PWM control signal of a multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter in the super capacitor power supply, increasing the output voltage of the super capacitor power supply along with the increase of the internal resistance of the magnet, clamping the end voltage of the magnet, and enabling the magnet current to be stabilized at the set value, wherein the high-voltage capacitor bank is taken as the output capacitor of the multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter at the moment so as to filter switching ripples generated by the multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter and ensure the stability of the magnet current; when the set flat top duration is reached or an abnormal condition occurs, the power supply of the super capacitor is disconnected, then the power supply of the storage battery is disconnected, the current reduction stage of the magnet is started, and the magnet releases magnetic field energy through the follow current branch; the current of the magnet is converted into a flat-top pulse strong magnetic field by the magnet, and the conversion coefficient is constant.
In one optional example, the battery power supply includes: the device comprises a storage battery pack, a first direct current breaker and a commutation switch;
the positive pole of the storage battery pack is connected with the positive pole of the commutation switch through the first direct current breaker, the negative pole of the commutation switch and the negative pole of the storage battery are output ends of the storage battery power supply, and the negative pole of the commutation switch is the positive pole of the output end of the storage battery power supply;
the negative electrode of the storage battery pack is used as the negative electrode of the storage battery power supply;
the storage battery pack is an energy storage component of the storage battery power supply, the first direct current breaker is a protection switch of the storage battery power supply, and the current conversion switch is used for controlling the on-off of the storage battery power supply.
In one optional example, the supercapacitor power supply comprises: the super capacitor bank, the second direct current breaker and the multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter are connected in parallel;
the positive electrode of the super capacitor bank is connected to the input end of the multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter through a second direct current breaker, and the output end of the multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter is the output end of the super capacitor power supply;
the cathode of the super capacitor bank is used as the cathode of the super capacitor power supply;
the super capacitor bank is an energy storage component of the super capacitor power supply, the second direct current breaker is a protection switch of the super capacitor power supply, and the multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter is used for controlling the output voltage of the super capacitor power supply;
and the output end of the super capacitor is connected with the output end of the storage battery power supply in parallel.
In one optional example, the high voltage capacitor power supply comprises: a high voltage capacitor bank and a thyristor;
the anode of the high-voltage capacitor bank is connected with the anode of the thyristor; the positive electrode of the high-voltage capacitor bank is a first output end of the positive electrode of the high-voltage capacitor power supply, and the cathode of the thyristor is a second output end of the positive electrode of the high-voltage capacitor power supply; the negative electrode of the high-voltage capacitor bank is used as the negative electrode of the high-voltage capacitor power supply;
the high-voltage capacitor bank is an energy storage component of the high-voltage capacitor power supply, and the thyristor is a control switch of the high-voltage capacitor power supply.
In an optional example, the apparatus further comprises: a high voltage isolation unit;
the anode of the high-voltage isolation unit is connected with the anode of the power output end of the storage battery;
the cathode of the high-voltage isolation unit is connected with the first output end of the positive electrode of the high-voltage capacitor power supply;
the high-voltage isolation unit is used for isolating the high voltage of the high-voltage capacitor power supply so as to prevent the storage battery power supply and the super capacitor power supply from being broken down and damaged by the high voltage.
In an optional example, the apparatus further comprises: a controller, a voltage sensor and a current sensor;
the current sensor collects the current value of the magnet;
the voltage sensor collects the terminal voltage of the high-voltage capacitor bank;
the controller combines data acquired by the current sensor and the voltage sensor to control the working process of the whole device so as to realize that multiple power supplies cooperatively supply power to generate a flat-top pulse high-intensity magnetic field.
In an optional example, the controller controls the on and off of the first direct current breaker, the second direct current breaker and the commutation switch respectively;
and the controller outputs a plurality of PWM control signals to control the output of the multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for generating a flat-topped pulse high-intensity magnetic field by multi-power supply cooperative power supply, which comprises the following steps:
discharging the magnet by using the charged high-voltage capacitor power supply, wherein the high-voltage high-power output of the high-voltage capacitor power supply enables the current of the magnet to quickly rise, and at the moment, the current of the magnet is in a rising stage, when the voltage of a high-voltage capacitor bank in the high-voltage capacitor power supply is lower than the voltage of a storage battery pack in the storage battery power supply, the storage battery power supply starts to discharge the magnet, the high-voltage capacitor power supply and the storage battery power supply carry out current conversion, and the magnet is singly discharged by the storage battery power supply after the current conversion is finished;
when the current of the magnet is detected to reach a set value after the current conversion is finished, entering a magnet current flat-top stage, starting the work of the super capacitor power supply, taking the end voltage of a high-voltage capacitor bank as a state feedback quantity and the magnet current as a control quantity, carrying out negative feedback control on the magnet current by changing the duty ratio of a PWM control signal of a multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter in the super capacitor power supply, increasing the output voltage of the super capacitor power supply along with the increase of the internal resistance of the magnet, clamping the end voltage of the magnet, and enabling the magnet current to be stabilized at the set value, wherein the high-voltage capacitor bank is taken as the output capacitor of the multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter at the moment so as to filter switching ripples generated by the multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter and ensure the stability of the magnet current;
when the set flat top duration is reached or an abnormal condition occurs, the power supply of the super capacitor is disconnected, then the power supply of the storage battery is disconnected, the current reduction stage of the magnet is started, and the magnet releases magnetic field energy through the follow current branch; the current of the magnet is converted into a flat-top pulse strong magnetic field by the magnet, and the conversion coefficient is constant.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the prior art, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the high-voltage capacitor bank, the storage battery pack and the super capacitor bank are electrified in a cooperative way, and the super capacitor is subjected to electric energy conversion through the multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter, so that the device has the following outstanding performances:
(1) compared with the existing flat-top pulse magnetic field device, the device has high energy and high instantaneous power, so that the current lifting time of the magnet is short, the through-flow time of the magnet is greatly reduced except for the flat-top time, the flat-top duration is longer under the same heat productivity of the magnet, the flat-top ratio is improved, and the efficiency is obviously improved;
(2) during the flat-top period, the storage battery pack outputs more than 90% of magnet current, so the power level of the super capacitor and the multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter is relatively low, the development difficulty and the cost are reduced, the adjusting range of the multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter is large, the multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter can adapt to the large-range change of the internal resistance of the magnet, the flat-top duration is long and can reach more than one hundred milliseconds;
(3) the multiphase interleaving parallel technology can greatly reduce current output ripples, and meanwhile, high stability of magnet current during flat top can be realized by further filtering by utilizing the large capacitance value of the high-voltage capacitor bank.
In conclusion, the invention can generate the high-stability long-duration high-flattop-ratio flattop pulse magnetic field.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a flat-top pulsed magnetic field generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a waveform diagram of a flat-top pulse current generated by the flat-top pulse magnetic field generating device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a magnet resistance variation waveform, a magnet temperature waveform, and a plurality of interleaved DC/DC converter output current waveforms according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:U bis the voltage of the storage battery pack,R bthe internal resistance of the storage battery pack;C sis the capacitance value of the super capacitor bank,R sthe internal resistance of the super capacitor bank; s1Is a first direct current breaker; s2Is a second direct current breaker;Q bithe switching device of the ith phase of the multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter,D bithe diode of the ith phase of the multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter,L bithe energy storage inductance of the ith phase of the multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter is i =1, 2 · · n, and n is the phase number of the interleaving parallel DC/DC converter；S0Is a commutation switch;D 1the high-voltage isolation unit is provided, A is an anode, and K is a cathode;C 1is a high-voltage capacitor bank; t is0Is a thyristor;R min order to be the resistance of the magnet,L mis a magnet inductance; CT is a precision current sensor; VT is a voltage sensor;D cis a free-wheeling diode and is provided with a free-wheeling diode,R cis a freewheeling resistor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for generating a flat-top pulse high-intensity magnetic field with high efficiency, high stability and long duration, and aims to solve the problems that the stability and the flat-top duration of the existing flat-top pulse magnetic field are difficult to be considered, the flat-top occupation ratio is smaller, and the efficiency is low, improve the flat-top duration and the flat-top occupation ratio of the existing flat-top magnetic field, and provide necessary magnetic field environments for NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), specific heat measurement, terahertz gyrotron and the like.
In order to generate a flat-top pulse high-intensity magnetic field with high stability, long duration and high flat-top ratio, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the device adopts a high-voltage capacitor power supply, a storage battery power supply and a super capacitor power supply to cooperatively supply power to the magnet, utilizes high voltage and high power of the high-voltage capacitor power supply to quickly rise the current of the magnet, and can shorten the rise time of the current from 500ms to within 10ms compared with a storage battery type long pulse magnetic field; during the flat top period, the storage battery power supply and the super capacitor power supply power simultaneously, the storage battery power supply has the advantages of constant output voltage, the super capacitor power supply has the advantages of high power density (15-20 times of the storage battery power supply) and low internal resistance (two thirds of the storage battery power supply), the invention fully utilizes the advantages of the storage battery power supply and the super capacitor power supply, the storage battery power supply is used as main output and provides more than 90% of magnet current, and the super capacitor power supply outputs a small part of current, so the super capacitor power supply has relatively low power grade, relatively small manufacturing difficulty and low cost; the super capacitor power supply adopts a multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter to output power, during the flat-top period, the duty ratio of the multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter is changed through negative feedback to adjust the end voltage of the magnet, the reduction of the output current of the storage battery power supply caused by the increase of the internal resistance heat of the magnet is compensated, and the sum of the output currents of the storage battery power supply and the super capacitor power supply is the magnet current and is kept unchanged; and during the flat-top period, a high-voltage capacitor bank in the high-voltage capacitor power supply is used as an output filter capacitor of the multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter. In conclusion, a high stability, long duration, high plateau ratio plateau pulsed magnetic field can be generated.
The invention provides a flat-top pulse strong magnetic field generating device, as shown in figure 1, mainly comprising: a battery power supply comprising a battery pack (U bIs the voltage of the storage battery pack,R binternal resistance of the battery), a first dc breaker S1And a commutation switch S0Forming; a supercapacitor power supply consisting of a supercapacitor bank (C sIs the capacitance value of the super capacitor bank,R sinternal resistance of supercapacitor bank), a second dc breaker S2And a multiphase interleaved DC/DC converter; high-voltage capacitor power supply consisting of a high-voltage capacitor bankC 1And thyristor T0Forming; high voltage isolation unitD 1(A is an anode and K is a cathode); a freewheeling branch consisting of a freewheeling diodeD cAnd a follow current resistorR cAre connected in series; magnet (A)R mIn order to be the resistance of the magnet,L mis a magnet inductance); a precision current sensor CT; a voltage sensor VT; and a controller.
As shown in fig. 1, the connection relationship of the components in the present invention is as follows.
The positive pole of the storage battery passes through a first direct current breaker S1And a commutation switch S0The three form a storage battery power supply and a current conversion switch S0And the cathode of the storage battery is the output end of the storage battery power supply, wherein the current conversion switch S0The negative electrode of the battery is the power supply output end of the storage batteryThe positive electrode of (1);
further, the storage battery pack is an energy storage component of the storage battery power supply, and the first direct current breaker S1For protection switches, current-converting switches S, of the accumulator power supply0The power supply is used for controlling the on and off of the storage battery power supply;
the super capacitor bank passes through a second direct current breaker S2The output end of the multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter is the output end of the super capacitor power supply;
further, the super capacitor bank is an energy storage component of a super capacitor power supply, and the second direct current breaker S2The multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter is used for controlling the output voltage of the super capacitor power supply;
furthermore, the output end of the super capacitor is connected with the output end of the storage battery power supply in parallel;
high-voltage capacitor bankC 1And thyristor T0Form a high-voltage capacitor power supply and a high-voltage capacitor bankC 1The energy-storing part being a high-voltage capacitor supply, thyristor T0A control switch for a high voltage capacitor power supply;
high voltage isolation unitD 1The anode is connected with the positive electrodes of the storage battery power supply and the super capacitor power supply, and the high-voltage isolation unitD 1Cathode and high-voltage capacitor bankC 1Anode and thyristor T0Is connected to one point (node a); high voltage isolation unitD 1The high-voltage isolation circuit is used for isolating the high voltage of the high-voltage capacitor so as to prevent the storage battery power supply and the super capacitor power supply from being damaged by high-voltage breakdown;
freewheeling branch routing freewheeling diodeD cAnd a resistorR cThe follow current branch is connected with the magnet in parallel and used for releasing the energy of the magnet after power supply is finished; the magnet is used for converting current into a magnetic field;
further, one end of the magnet, the thyristor T0A freewheeling diode in the cathode and freewheel branch ofD cOf the heartPole connected to a point (node b), freewheeling diodeD cAnode of the resistor is connected with a follow current resistorR cOne end of (a); the other end of the magnet is connected with a follow current resistorR cAnother end of the high-voltage capacitor bankC 1The negative electrode, the negative electrode of the super capacitor power supply, the negative electrode of the storage battery power supply and the negative electrode of the super capacitor power supply are connected to a common ground;
further, a freewheeling diodeD cAnd a follow current resistorR cCan be exchanged to ensure the thyristor T0Cathode and freewheeling diode ofD cThe cathode(s) of (a) may be directly or indirectly connected.
The precision current sensor CT and the voltage sensor VT respectively collect magnet currenti mAnd high-voltage capacitor bankC 1Terminal voltage ofu CThe signals are transmitted to a controller, and the controller outputs 4 paths of pulse signals and n (the number of parallel phases of the multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter) paths of PWM control signals to respectively control a commutation switch S0First DC breaker S1A second DC breaker S2Thyristor T0And the multiphase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter.
The working principle and the control method of the device are as follows.
The discharging process is divided into a magnet current rising stage, a magnet current flat top stage and a magnet current falling stage, and is controlled in stages by setting a state flag bit.
Before discharging, for storage battery, super capacitor bank and high-voltage capacitor bankC 1Charging energy storage, closing the first DC breaker S1And a second DC breaker S2Preparing for discharging;
during discharge, the thyristors T are first triggered simultaneously0The high-voltage capacitor power supply discharges the magnet, the high-voltage high-power output of the high-voltage capacitor is utilized to enable the current of the magnet to rise rapidly, and the discharging process is in the current rising stage of the magnet; capacitor bank under high voltageC 1When the voltage is lower than the voltage of the storage battery pack, the commutation switch S is triggered0On, the output current of the storage battery power supplyi bIncreasing the output current of the high-voltage capacitor banki cReduced, high voltage capacitor bankC 1Carrying out current conversion with a storage battery power supply;
after the current conversion is finished, the storage battery power supply supplies power to the magnet to maintain the current of the magnet. Although the battery power supply output voltage remains unchanged, the magnet current cannot be kept stable because the internal resistance of the magnet becomes large by joule heat. Therefore, when the precise current sensor CT detects that the magnet current reaches the set valueI refAt the same time, the super capacitor power supply starts to work, and the high-voltage capacitor bank is usedC 1The terminal voltage (detected by voltage sensor VT) is state feedback quantity and magnet currenti mFor controlling the quantity, the magnet current is subjected to negative feedback control by changing the duty ratio of a PWM control signal of a multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter in the super capacitor power supply, the output voltage of the super capacitor power supply is increased along with the increase of the internal resistance of the magnet, the end voltage of the magnet is clamped, the stability of the magnet current is ensured, and meanwhile, the high-voltage capacitor bank is used at the stage of flattop of the magnet currentC 1As an output capacitor of the multiphase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter,C 1the large capacitance value of the magnetic field can filter out switching ripples generated by the multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter, and high stability of magnet current is realized;
further, the output currents of the battery power supply and the supercapacitor power supply are respectively:
wherein,i b、i sandi mrespectively the output current of the storage battery power supply, the output current of the super capacitor power supply and the magnet current,U bandu cthe storage battery pack voltage and the high-voltage capacitor pack voltage are respectively.
When the set flat top duration is reached or abnormal conditions occur, the controller firstly closes the multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter, cuts off the power supply of the super capacitor and then closes the converter switch S0The accumulator power supply is disconnected, then the discharging process enters a magnet current reduction stage, and the magnet releases magnetic field energy through the follow current branch until the magnet current is reduced to zero.
Further, the rising time of the current can be configured by the inductance value of the magnet and the capacitance value of the high-voltage capacitor bank, and the calculation method is a conventional LC oscillating circuit.
The selected super capacitor module of the embodiment can be 56V/130F, and other models can be selected without fixed requirements. The super capacitor bank of the embodiment can be composed of 40 super capacitor modules 8 in series and 5 in parallel, and the internal resistance thereofR s12.8m Ω, and the charging voltage was set to 320V.
The rated voltage of the model of the storage battery module can be 12.8V, the internal resistance is 3m omega, the rated current is 2kA, and other models can be used without fixed requirements. The battery pack of the present embodiment may be composed of 126 battery modules 21 in series 6, with an internal resistance of 10.5m Ω and a terminal voltage of 269V.
Further, a high voltage capacitor bankC 1The capacitance of (c) may be 6mF, charging voltage 11.6 kV. Thyristor T0The voltage withstanding 16kV can be adopted, and the device can be formed by connecting a plurality of thyristors in series and in parallel.
The multiphase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter can adopt a 4-interleaved parallel BUCK circuit topology, i.e., n =4, in which the switching devicesQ bi(i =1, 2 · · n) IGBT, inductance value can be selectedL biMay be 400 muh.
High voltage isolation unitD 1And a freewheeling diodeD 1The diode array can be composed of diode arrays, and the number of the series-parallel connection groups is selected according to the discharge current and the voltage.
First DC breaker S1And a second DC breaker S2The protection switch is used for protecting the switch to prevent accidents, and the circuit is disconnected after the experiment is completed to prevent the circuit from being triggered by mistake. The voltage resistance of the selected direct current breaker is 4200V, and the maximum current capacity is 40 kA.
The magnet is used to convert the circuit current into a magnetic field. The electrical parameters of the selected magnets can be as follows: the inductance value was 8mH, and the resistance value was 6 m.OMEGA.at 77 k. The coil field current ratio constant is 1.4T/kA, namely, 1.4T magnetic field is generated every 1kA current. The parameters of the magnet have no fixed requirements, and the requirements can be met through simulation and experiments.
The precision current sensor CT can be a precision Hall current sensor with the measuring range of 20kA and acquires a magnet current signal; the voltage sensor VT can adopt a high-voltage isolation probe to collect the terminal voltage of the high-voltage capacitor bank; and the collected current and voltage values are sent to a controller for real-time control.
The controller has the following functions: controlling a first DC breaker S1And a second DC breaker S2Turn on and turn off of; trigger thyristor T0(ii) a Controlling a commutation switch S0(ii) a Collecting signals of a precision current sensor CT and a voltage sensor VT, and outputting a PWM control signal to control the output of the multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter according to the collected signals; the time sequence control of the system is realized, and the safe and reliable operation of the system is ensured. The controller used in this embodiment may be a real-time control system.
With the above configuration parameters, the magnet reference current I can be setrefThe voltage is 10kA, the flat-top time is 1s, the charging voltage of the high-voltage capacitor bank is 11.6kV, and the charging voltage of the super capacitor bank is 320V. The generated flat-top pulse current is shown in fig. 2, and the corresponding flat-top pulse magnetic field is 10 × 1.4T =14T, and the stability is better than 10 ppm.
Corresponding magnet resistance variation waveform, magnet temperature waveform and multiple-term interleaving parallel DC/DC converter output current waveform as shown in FIG. 3, the magnet resistance increases from 6m Ω to 10m Ω (i.e. the magnet voltage increases from 60V to 100V during flat top), the magnet temperature increases from 77K to 97K, the multiple-term interleaving parallel DC/DC converter output current waveform increases from 500A to 2600A, and the current waveform variation is consistent with the above estimation formula. Therefore, the invention can realize the large-range regulation and control of the terminal voltage of the flat-top magnet, offset the influence of the super-capacitor voltage and the magnet resistance change, and realize the flat-top pulse magnetic field with high efficiency (the flat-top ratio is more than 90%), high stability (better than 10 ppm) and long duration (up to the second level, depending on the magnet temperature rise, the magnet temperature does not exceed 270K).
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A device for generating a flat-topped pulse high-intensity magnetic field by multi-power supply cooperative power supply is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a storage battery power supply, a super capacitor power supply, a high-voltage capacitor power supply, a follow current branch and a magnet;
the positive electrode of the output end of the storage battery power supply and the positive electrode of the super capacitor power supply are both connected with the first output end of the positive electrode of the high-voltage capacitor power supply;
a second output end of the positive electrode of the high-voltage capacitor power supply is respectively connected with one end of the follow current branch and one end of the magnet; the negative electrode of the storage battery power supply, the negative electrode of the super capacitor power supply, the negative electrode of the high-voltage capacitor power supply, the other end of the follow current branch and the other end of the magnet are grounded together; the high voltage capacitor power supply includes: a high voltage capacitor bank and a thyristor; the anode of the high-voltage capacitor bank is connected with the anode of the thyristor; the positive electrode of the high-voltage capacitor bank is a first output end of the positive electrode of the high-voltage capacitor power supply, and the cathode of the thyristor is a second output end of the positive electrode of the high-voltage capacitor power supply;
before discharging the magnet, charging a storage battery power supply, a super capacitor power supply and a high-voltage capacitor power supply for storing energy;
when the magnet is discharged, the high-voltage capacitor power supply is controlled to discharge the magnet, the current of the magnet is at the rising stage, when the voltage of a high-voltage capacitor bank in the high-voltage capacitor power supply is lower than the voltage of a storage battery pack in the storage battery power supply, the storage battery power supply starts to discharge the magnet, the high-voltage capacitor power supply and the storage battery power supply carry out current conversion, and the magnet is discharged by the storage battery power supply independently after the current conversion is finished; when the current of the magnet is detected to reach a set value after the current conversion is finished, entering a magnet current flat-top stage, starting the work of the super capacitor power supply, taking the end voltage of a high-voltage capacitor bank as a state feedback quantity and the magnet current as a control quantity, carrying out negative feedback control on the magnet current by changing the duty ratio of a PWM control signal of a multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter in the super capacitor power supply, increasing the output voltage of the super capacitor power supply along with the increase of the internal resistance of the magnet, clamping the end voltage of the magnet, and enabling the magnet current to be stabilized at the set value, wherein the high-voltage capacitor bank is taken as the output capacitor of the multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter at the moment so as to filter switching ripples generated by the multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter and ensure the stability of the magnet current; when the set flat top duration is reached or an abnormal condition occurs, the power supply of the super capacitor is disconnected, then the power supply of the storage battery is disconnected, the current reduction stage of the magnet is started, and the magnet releases magnetic field energy through the follow current branch; the current of the magnet is converted into a flat-top pulse strong magnetic field by the magnet, and the conversion coefficient is constant.
2. The device for generating the flat-topped pulse strong magnetic field by the multi-power supply cooperative power supply according to claim 1, wherein the storage battery power supply comprises: the device comprises a storage battery pack, a first direct current breaker and a commutation switch;
the positive pole of the storage battery pack is connected with the positive pole of the commutation switch through the first direct current breaker, the negative pole of the commutation switch and the negative pole of the storage battery are output ends of the storage battery power supply, and the negative pole of the commutation switch is the positive pole of the output end of the storage battery power supply;
the negative electrode of the storage battery pack is used as the negative electrode of the storage battery power supply;
the storage battery pack is an energy storage component of the storage battery power supply, the first direct current breaker is a protection switch of the storage battery power supply, and the current conversion switch is used for controlling the on-off of the storage battery power supply.
3. The device for generating the flat-topped pulse strong magnetic field with the multi-power supply cooperative power supply according to claim 1, wherein the super capacitor power supply comprises: the super capacitor bank, the second direct current breaker and the multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter are connected in parallel;
the positive electrode of the super capacitor bank is connected to the input end of the multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter through a second direct current breaker, and the output end of the multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter is the output end of the super capacitor power supply;
the cathode of the super capacitor bank is used as the cathode of the super capacitor power supply;
the super capacitor bank is an energy storage component of the super capacitor power supply, the second direct current breaker is a protection switch of the super capacitor power supply, and the multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter is used for controlling the output voltage of the super capacitor power supply;
and the output end of the super capacitor is connected with the output end of the storage battery power supply in parallel.
4. The device for generating the flat-topped pulse strong magnetic field by the multi-power supply cooperative power supply according to claim 1, wherein the negative pole of the high-voltage capacitor bank is used as the negative pole of the high-voltage capacitor power supply;
the high-voltage capacitor bank is an energy storage component of the high-voltage capacitor power supply, and the thyristor is a control switch of the high-voltage capacitor power supply.
5. The apparatus for generating flattop pulsed high-intensity magnetic field with multiple power supplies for power supply in coordination according to claim 1, further comprising: a high voltage isolation unit;
the anode of the high-voltage isolation unit is connected with the anode of the power output end of the storage battery;
the cathode of the high-voltage isolation unit is connected with the first output end of the positive electrode of the high-voltage capacitor power supply;
the high-voltage isolation unit is used for isolating the high voltage of the high-voltage capacitor power supply so as to prevent the storage battery power supply and the super capacitor power supply from being broken down and damaged by the high voltage.
6. The apparatus for generating flattop pulsed high-intensity magnetic field with multiple power supplies for power supply in coordination according to claim 4, further comprising: a controller, a voltage sensor and a current sensor;
the current sensor collects the current value of the magnet;
the voltage sensor collects the terminal voltage of the high-voltage capacitor bank;
the controller combines data acquired by the current sensor and the voltage sensor to control the working process of the whole device so as to realize that multiple power supplies cooperatively supply power to generate a flat-top pulse high-intensity magnetic field.
7. The device for generating the flattop pulse high-intensity magnetic field by the multi-power supply cooperative power supply according to claim 6, wherein the controller controls the on and off of the first direct current breaker, the second direct current breaker and the commutation switch respectively;
and the controller outputs a plurality of PWM control signals to control the output of the multiphase interleaving parallel DC/DC converter.
8. A method for generating a flat-topped pulse high-intensity magnetic field by multi-power supply cooperative power supply is characterized by comprising the following steps:
discharging the magnet by using the charged high-voltage capacitor power supply, wherein the high-voltage high-power output of the high-voltage capacitor power supply enables the current of the magnet to quickly rise, and at the moment, the current of the magnet is in a rising stage, when the voltage of a high-voltage capacitor bank in the high-voltage capacitor power supply is lower than the voltage of a storage battery pack in the storage battery power supply, the storage battery power supply starts to discharge the magnet, the high-voltage capacitor power supply and the storage battery power supply carry out current conversion, and the magnet is singly discharged by the storage battery power supply after the current conversion is finished;
when the current of the magnet is detected to reach a set value after the current conversion is finished, entering a magnet current flat-top stage, starting the work of the super capacitor power supply, taking the end voltage of a high-voltage capacitor bank as a state feedback quantity and the magnet current as a control quantity, carrying out negative feedback control on the magnet current by changing the duty ratio of a PWM control signal of a multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter in the super capacitor power supply, increasing the output voltage of the super capacitor power supply along with the increase of the internal resistance of the magnet, clamping the end voltage of the magnet, and enabling the magnet current to be stabilized at the set value, wherein the high-voltage capacitor bank is taken as the output capacitor of the multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter at the moment so as to filter switching ripples generated by the multi-phase interleaved parallel DC/DC converter and ensure the stability of the magnet current;
when the set flat top duration is reached or an abnormal condition occurs, the power supply of the super capacitor is disconnected, then the power supply of the storage battery is disconnected, the current reduction stage of the magnet is started, and the magnet releases magnetic field energy through the follow current branch; the current of the magnet is converted into a flat-top pulse strong magnetic field by the magnet, and the conversion coefficient is constant.
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