CN113258794A - Bidirectional energy balance current conversion chain, electric energy router and control method - Google Patents

Bidirectional energy balance current conversion chain, electric energy router and control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113258794A
CN113258794A CN202010089449.5A CN202010089449A CN113258794A CN 113258794 A CN113258794 A CN 113258794A CN 202010089449 A CN202010089449 A CN 202010089449A CN 113258794 A CN113258794 A CN 113258794A
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China
Prior art keywords
port
power
unit
switch
converter
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CN202010089449.5A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113258794B (en
Inventor
谢晔源
王宇
李海英
孙乐
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NR Electric Co Ltd
NR Engineering Co Ltd
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NR Electric Co Ltd
NR Engineering Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010089449.5A priority Critical patent/CN113258794B/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/140665 priority patent/WO2021159873A1/en
Publication of CN113258794A publication Critical patent/CN113258794A/en
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Publication of CN113258794B publication Critical patent/CN113258794B/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a two-way energy balance current conversion chain, which comprises M power units, wherein the M power units comprise two alternating current ends, and the alternating current ends of adjacent power units are sequentially connected in series. N multiport balancing units, wherein N is an integer which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M; the number P of the ports of the multi-port balance unit is 3 or 4; when P is 3, the multi-port balancing unit comprises a first port, a second port and a third port, and the third port is connected with the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the first direct current capacitor; when P is 4, the multi-port balancing unit comprises a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port; leading out a first port of a multi-port balancing unit at the head end to be defined as a first balancing port, connecting a second port with a first port of an adjacent multi-port balancing unit in sequence in this way, and leading out a second port of a multi-port balancing unit at the tail end to be defined as a second balancing port; the invention also provides an energy router formed by the bidirectional energy balance current conversion chain and a control method.

Description

Bidirectional energy balance current conversion chain, electric energy router and control method
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a bidirectional energy balance current conversion chain, an electric energy router and a control method.
Background
With the development of modern power electronic technology, the application and development of single-tube power semiconductor devices are greatly limited due to the relatively limited voltage-resistant grade of the single-tube power semiconductor devices.
The power semiconductor device forms sub-modules (or called power units) and then is cascaded to form a converter chain, so that the voltage grade requirement of the module can be easily met, and the power semiconductor device is a mode with higher cost performance compared with other schemes. However, once the converter chain is subjected to overvoltage, or voltage unevenness exists among the sub-modules of the converter chain, the voltage of the individual sub-modules is too high, and even the sub-modules are damaged by the overvoltage. The fault expansion can cause the fault damage of the whole converter chain.
In the prior art, a mode of adding device connection between modules is adopted, for example, in a patent CN105471260A, an auxiliary capacitor distributed half-bridge MMC self-voltage-sharing topology based on equality constraint is adopted, a charging and discharging channel between direct-current capacitors of submodules is established by using diodes, and a function of realizing direct-current voltage balance control by using an auxiliary circuit between three-phase bridge arms, but the mode has the following defects: first, when a single sub-module fails, even if the bypass switch of the power unit is closed, the auxiliary circuit still maintains the connection relationship between the normal module and the failed module, and if there is a short circuit on the dc side of the sub-module, the dc capacitors of the adjacent sub-modules discharge to the failure point through the auxiliary circuit. If the auxiliary loop is simply disconnected through the switch, the auxiliary loop is opened, so that the auxiliary balance loop of the whole converter chain is disconnected at the position, and therefore the scheme is low in reliability and poor in engineering feasibility; secondly, the direct-current voltage of the scheme can only be balanced in a single direction, and the charging and discharging directions are irreversible. The equalization circuits that require a commutation chain must form a closed loop, which is difficult to achieve in many topologies, which is very limited in application.
In order to balance the voltage among the submodules of the commutation chain better and avoid the influence of instantaneous overvoltage on the submodules, the capacitance value of the capacitor in the submodules can be increased only or the number of the submodules is increased, so that the cost and the occupied area of the whole commutation chain are greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bidirectional energy balance converter chain, which can realize energy balance in two directions of the converter chain through a multi-port balance unit, realize direct-current voltage balance control, simultaneously can cut a fault power unit from the converter chain when a single power unit is in fault bypass, does not influence the normal operation of other power unit multi-port balance units in the converter chain, and reduces the capacitance value of a direct-current capacitor in the power unit. The invention also provides an energy router formed by the bidirectional energy balance current conversion chain and a control method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is:
a bi-directional energy-equalizing chain of commutation, comprising:
the M power units comprise two alternating current ends, the alternating current ends of adjacent power units are sequentially connected in series, the leading-out of an empty port of a head-end power unit is defined as a first power port, and the leading-out of an empty port of a tail-end power unit is defined as a second power port; the power unit comprises a first direct current capacitor and a power assembly which are connected in parallel, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
n multiport balancing units, wherein N is an integer which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M;
the number P of the ports of the multi-port balance unit is 3 or 4;
when P is 3, the multi-port balancing unit comprises a first port, a second port and a third port, and the third port is connected with the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the first direct current capacitor; when P is 4, the multi-port balancing unit comprises a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port, wherein the third port is connected with the positive electrode of the direct current capacitor, and the fourth port is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current capacitor; or the third port is connected with the cathode of the direct current capacitor, and the fourth port is connected with the anode of the direct current capacitor;
the first port leading-out of the multi-port balancing unit at the head end is defined as a first balancing port, the second port is connected with the first port of the adjacent multi-port balancing unit in sequence, and the second port leading-out of the multi-port balancing unit at the tail end is defined as a second balancing port.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, the multi-port balancing unit in the bidirectional energy balancing converter chain is configured to control charging and discharging between the first direct-current capacitors of adjacent power units.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, the bidirectional energy balancing inversion chain further includes a first bypass switch, and the first bypass switch is connected in parallel between the first port and the second port of the multi-port balancing unit.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, P ═ 4, the multi-port balancing unit includes first, second, third, and fourth switching units, and one ends of the first and second switching units are connected to the first and second ports, respectively; the other ends of the first switch unit and the second switch unit are connected and then connected with a third port; one end of the third switch unit and one end of the fourth switch unit are respectively connected with the first port and the second port, and the other end of the third switch unit and the fourth switch unit are connected with the fourth port.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the multi-port balancing unit includes a first switch unit and a second switch unit, and one end of the first switch unit and one end of the second switch unit are connected to the first port and the second port, respectively; the first switch unit is connected with the third port after being connected with the other end of the second switch unit.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the multi-port balancing unit includes a first, a second, and a third switching unit, one end of the first and second switching units is connected to the first and second ports, respectively; the first switch unit is connected with the other end of the second switch unit and then connected with the third port; one end of the third switch unit is connected with the first port or the second port, and the other end of the third switch unit is connected with the fourth port.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the multi-port balancing unit includes a first switch unit and a second switch unit, and one end of the first switch unit and one end of the second switch unit are connected to the first port and the second port, respectively; the other end of the first switch unit is connected with the second port, and the other end of the second switch unit is connected with the third port.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the multi-port balancing unit includes a first, a second, and a third switching unit, one end of the first and second switching units is connected to the first and second ports, respectively; the other end of the first switch unit is connected with the second port, the other end of the second switch unit is connected with the third port, one end of the third switch unit is connected with the second port or the first port, and the other end of the third switch unit is connected with the fourth port.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the multi-port balancing unit includes a first switching unit, one end of the first switching unit is connected to the first port and the third port at the same time, and the other end of the first switching unit is connected to the second port.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, each switching unit in the bidirectional energy-balancing converter chain includes a power semiconductor device or a mechanical switch.
As a further preferable solution of the present invention, each switching unit in the bidirectional energy balancing converter chain further includes a current limiting unit formed by a current limiting resistor, an inductor, a fuse, or any combination of the three devices, and the current limiting unit is connected in series with a power semiconductor device or a mechanical switch in the switching unit.
As a further preferable scheme of the present invention, the bidirectional energy balance converter chain further includes an isolation switch group, and the isolation switch group is connected in series between the third and fourth ports and the positive and negative poles of the first dc capacitor; when P is 3, the switch group includes 1 switch, and when P is 4, the switch group includes at least 1 switch.
As a further preferable scheme of the present invention, the power module in the power unit is formed by connecting two full-controlled power semiconductor devices in a half-bridge connection manner, or formed by connecting four full-controlled power semiconductor devices in a full-bridge connection manner, or formed by connecting one full-controlled power semiconductor device in parallel with a snubber circuit, wherein the snubber circuit is formed by connecting a diode and a capacitor in series.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, the converter chain further includes at least one protection unit, where the protection unit includes a protection resistor and a protection switch, and is connected in series to any position in the converter chain or connected in parallel to both ends of the first dc capacitor.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, the protection unit includes a first protection switch and a first protection resistor, and the first protection switch and the first protection resistor are connected in parallel; the first protection switch is formed by connecting two IGBTs with anti-parallel diodes in series in opposite directions and a mechanical switch in series.
As a further preferable scheme of the present invention, the protection unit further includes a second protection switch, a second protection resistor, and a second dc capacitor; the second direct current capacitor is connected in series with the second protection switch and the second protection resistor and then connected in parallel with the first protection resistor and the first protection switch.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, the protection unit includes a second protection switch and a second protection resistor, and the second protection switch and the second protection resistor are connected in series and then connected in parallel to two ends of the first direct current capacitor.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, the power unit further includes: and the second bypass switch is connected in parallel to the alternating current end of the power unit.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, the bidirectional energy balance converter chain further includes: at least one direct current port connected with the anode and the cathode of the first direct current capacitor; the DC port is used for connecting the DC side of the converter unit or leading out as a spare port.
The invention also provides an electric energy router which comprises at least three bidirectional energy balance current conversion chains.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, the electric energy router further includes K converter units, where K is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, an input end of the converter unit is connected to a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the first dc capacitor, an output end of the converter unit is connected to a load or a power supply, and an isolation unit is provided between the input end and the output end of the converter unit.
As a further preferable scheme of the present invention, the electric energy router has a dc positive electrode and a dc negative electrode, wherein the electric energy router includes six bidirectional energy balance converter chains to form a three-phase upper arm and a three-phase lower arm; a first power port of the three-phase upper bridge arm commutation chain is connected with a direct current positive electrode, and a second power port of the same-phase upper bridge arm commutation chain is connected with a first power port of the lower bridge arm commutation chain; a second power port of the three-phase lower bridge arm current conversion chain is connected with the direct current negative electrode; and a second power port of the three-phase upper bridge arm commutation chain is led out to be used as an alternating current end of the electric energy router.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, the first balanced ports of the three-phase upper arm converter chains of the electric energy router are connected together, and the second balanced ports of the three-phase lower arm converter chains of the electric energy router are connected together.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, the second balanced port of the upper arm converter chain of the same phase of the electric energy router is connected to the first balanced port of the lower arm converter chain.
As a further preferred scheme of the present invention, the electric energy router includes three bidirectional energy balance converter chains, first power ports of the three converter chains are connected together, and second power ports are respectively connected to ABC three phases of a power grid; or the second power ports of the three converter chains are connected together, and the first power ports are respectively connected with the ABC three phases of the power grid.
As a further preferable scheme of the present invention, first power ports of the three converter chains are connected together, and a first balanced port is connected together, and second power ports are respectively connected to ABC three phases of a power grid; or the second power ports of the three converter chains are connected together, the second balance ports are connected together, and the first power ports are respectively connected with the ABC three phases of the power grid.
As a further preferable scheme of the present invention, the electric energy router includes three bidirectional energy balance converter chains, and a first power port of a converter chain is connected to a second power port of an adjacent converter chain to form a closed loop; and the first power port or the second power port of the three converter chains are respectively connected with the ABC three phases of the power grid to form an angle type connection mode.
As a further preferable embodiment of the present invention, the first balance ports of the three converter chains and the second balance ports of the adjacent converter chains are connected to each other to form a closed loop.
The invention also provides a control method of the bidirectional energy balance current conversion chain, which comprises the following steps:
when the direct current voltage of the power units in the bidirectional energy balance current conversion chain is uneven, a first direct current capacitor charging and discharging loop between adjacent power units is established by controlling a switch unit in a multi-port balance unit, and the direct current voltage balance of the power units is maintained;
when the direct current capacitor voltage of any power unit is higher than that of the adjacent power unit, the direct current capacitor with higher voltage discharges to the direct current capacitor of the adjacent power unit through the multi-port balancing unit connected with the power unit.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, when the power unit fails, the second bypass switch in the power unit is closed while the first bypass switch is closed.
Has the advantages that:
according to the technical scheme, through the mutual matching of the switch unit in the multi-port balance unit and the power semiconductor devices in the power assembly, the charging and discharging control in two directions of adjacent power units of the current conversion chain can be achieved, the direct current capacitor voltage balance of each power unit of the current conversion chain is ensured, when the power unit breaks down, the power unit which breaks down and the corresponding multi-port balance unit can be bypassed, and a connection loop in front of the multi-port balance unit of the current conversion chain is not affected. The added multi-port balance unit can be realized by only increasing small cost without flowing large current.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1A is one of schematic diagrams of a bidirectional energy balance converter chain according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 1B is a second schematic diagram illustrating a bidirectional energy balance converter chain according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 1C is a third schematic diagram of a bidirectional energy balance converter chain according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bidirectional energy balancing converter chain with a protection unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of a multi-port balancing unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3B is a second schematic diagram of a multi-port balancing unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3C is a third schematic diagram of a multi-port balancing unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3D is a fourth schematic diagram of a multi-port balancing unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3E is a fifth schematic diagram of a multi-port balancing unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3F is a sixth schematic diagram of a multi-port balancing unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3G is a seventh schematic diagram of a multi-port balancing unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3H is an eighth schematic diagram of a multi-port balancing unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3I is a ninth schematic diagram of a multi-port balancing unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3J is a schematic diagram of a multi-port balancing unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4A is a schematic diagram of a power unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4B is a second schematic diagram of a power unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4C is a third schematic diagram of a power unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5A is one of schematic diagrams of a protection unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5B is a second schematic diagram illustrating a protection unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5C is a third schematic view of a protection unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a bidirectional energy-balanced converter chain with converter units according to an embodiment of the present application
Fig. 7A is a schematic diagram of a power router provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7B is a second schematic diagram of a power router provided in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7C is a third schematic diagram of a power router provided in the embodiment of the present application;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be understood that the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the claims, the description, and the drawings of the present application are used for distinguishing between different objects and not for describing a particular order. The term "comprises/comprising" when used in the specification and claims of this application is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
The invention provides a bidirectional energy balance converter chain 1, as shown in fig. 1A, comprising:
the M power units 2 comprise two alternating current ends, the alternating current ends of adjacent power units are sequentially connected in series, the leading-out of the empty port of the head power unit is defined as a first power port D1, and the leading-out of the empty port of the tail power unit is defined as a second power port D2; the power unit comprises a first direct current capacitor and a power assembly which are connected in parallel, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
n multiport balance units 3, N is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M;
the number P of the ports of the multi-port balance unit is 3 or 4;
when P is 3, the multi-port balancing unit comprises a first port, a second port and a third port, and the third port is connected with the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the first direct current capacitor; when P is 4, the multi-port balancing unit comprises a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port, wherein the third port is connected with the positive electrode of the direct current capacitor, and the fourth port is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current capacitor; or the third port is connected with the cathode of the direct current capacitor, and the fourth port is connected with the anode of the direct current capacitor;
the first port lead-out of the multi-port balancing unit at the head end is defined as a first balancing port H1, the second port is connected with the first port of the adjacent multi-port balancing unit in this manner, and sequentially connected, and the second port lead-out of the multi-port balancing unit at the tail end is defined as a second balancing port H2.
The bidirectional energy balance commutation chain further comprises a first bypass switch 4, and the first bypass switch is connected between the first port and the second port of the multi-port balancing unit in parallel.
And the multi-port balance unit in the bidirectional energy balance current conversion chain is used for controlling charging and discharging between the first direct-current capacitors of the adjacent power units.
The multi-port balance unit of the invention has various composition forms:
(1) the multi-port balancing unit comprises a first switch unit, a second switch unit, a third switch unit and a fourth switch unit, wherein P is 4, one end of the first switch unit and one end of the second switch unit are respectively connected with the first port and the second port; the other ends of the first switch unit and the second switch unit are connected and then connected with a third port; one end of the third switch unit and one end of the fourth switch unit are respectively connected with the first port and the second port, and the other end of the third switch unit and the fourth switch unit are connected with the fourth port.
As shown in fig. 3A, in the present embodiment, the four switching units are IGBTs with anti-parallel diodes, respectively, to form an H-bridge circuit. The emitting electrodes of the first and second switch units IGBT are respectively connected with the first and second ports; the collectors of the first and second switching units IGBT are connected and then connected with the third port; the collector electrodes of the third and fourth switching unit IGBTs are respectively connected with the first and second ports, and the emitter electrode is connected with the fourth port.
As shown in fig. 3B, in this embodiment, the first and second switching units are IGBTs with anti-parallel diodes, respectively, and the third and fourth switching units are diodes, respectively, to form an H-bridge circuit. The collector electrodes of the first and second switch units IGBT are respectively connected with the first and second ports; the emitting electrodes of the first and second switching units IGBT are connected and then connected with the third port; the cathodes of the third and fourth switch unit diodes are respectively connected with the first and second ports, and the anodes thereof are connected with the fourth port.
(2) The multi-port balancing unit comprises a first switch unit and a second switch unit, wherein one end of the first switch unit and one end of the second switch unit are respectively connected with the first port and the second port; the first switch unit is connected with the third port after being connected with the other end of the second switch unit.
As shown in fig. 3C, in the present embodiment, the two switching units are IGBTs with anti-parallel diodes, respectively. The collector electrodes of the first and second switch units IGBT are respectively connected with the first and second ports; and the emitting electrodes of the first and second switching units IGBT are connected with the third port.
(3) The multi-port balancing unit comprises a first switch unit, a second switch unit and a third switch unit, wherein P is 4, one end of the first switch unit and one end of the second switch unit are respectively connected with the first port and the second port; the first switch unit is connected with the other end of the second switch unit and then connected with the third port; one end of the third switch unit is connected with the first port or the second port, and the other end of the third switch unit is connected with the fourth port.
As shown in fig. 3D, in the present embodiment, the first and second switching units are IGBTs with anti-parallel diodes, the third switching unit is a diode, the cathode of the diode is connected to the second port, and the anode is connected to the fourth port.
(4) The multi-port balancing unit comprises a first switch unit and a second switch unit, wherein one end of the first switch unit and one end of the second switch unit are respectively connected with the first port and the second port; the other end of the first switch unit is connected with the second port, and the other end of the second switch unit is connected with the third port.
As shown in fig. 3E, in the present embodiment, the first and second switching units are IGBTs with anti-parallel diodes, the collector of the first switching unit IGBT is connected to the first port, the emitter of the IGBT is connected to the collector of the second switching unit IGBT and to the second port, and the emitter of the second switching unit IGBT is connected to the third port.
(5) The multi-port balancing unit comprises a first switch unit, a second switch unit and a third switch unit, wherein P is 4, one end of the first switch unit and one end of the second switch unit are respectively connected with the first port and the second port; the other end of the first switch unit is connected with the second port, the other end of the second switch unit is connected with the third port, one end of the third switch unit is connected with the second port or the first port, and the other end of the third switch unit is connected with the fourth port.
As shown in fig. 3F, in this embodiment, the first and second switching units are IGBTs with anti-parallel diodes, the third switching unit is a diode, a collector of the first switching unit IGBT is connected to the first port, an emitter of the IGBT is connected to a collector of the second switching unit IGBT and to the second port, and an emitter of the second switching unit IGBT is connected to the third port; and the cathode of the third switch unit diode is connected with the second port, and the anode of the third switch unit diode is connected with the fourth port.
(6) The multi-port balancing unit comprises a first switch unit, one end of the first switch unit is connected with the first port and the third port at the same time, and the other end of the first switch unit is connected with the second port.
As shown in fig. 3G, in the present embodiment, the first switching unit is an IGBT with an anti-parallel diode, a collector of the first switching unit IGBT is connected to the first port and the third port at the same time, and an emitter of the first switching unit IGBT is connected to the second port.
The first, second, third and fourth switching units in the connection modes (1) to (6) may include a power semiconductor device with unidirectional cut-off, such as an IGBT with an anti-parallel diode, a diode, or a power semiconductor device with bidirectional cut-off as shown in fig. 3H. The first, second, third and fourth switching units may also comprise fast mechanical switches.
The first, second, third and fourth switch units in the bidirectional energy balance current conversion chain can also comprise a current limiting unit formed by a current limiting resistor, an inductor, a fuse or any combination of the three devices, and the current limiting unit is connected in series with a power semiconductor device or a mechanical switch in the switch unit.
As shown in fig. 3I, in the present embodiment, the second switching unit includes a current limiting resistor 14, an inductor 15, and a fuse 13 connected in series, in addition to the IGBT with an anti-parallel diode. The three devices can be combined arbitrarily.
The bidirectional energy balance converter chain further comprises an isolating switch group, wherein the isolating switch group is connected between the third port and the fourth port and the positive pole and the negative pole of the first direct current capacitor in series; when P is 3, the switch group includes 1 switch, and when P is 4, the switch group includes 2 switches.
As shown in fig. 3J, in the present embodiment, the third port of the multi-port balancing unit is connected to the positive electrode of the first dc capacitor through 1 isolating switch 12.
In this example, the power component in the power unit is composed of three ways:
(1) two fully-controlled power semiconductor devices are constructed in a half-bridge connection as shown in fig. 4A. The two fully-controlled power semiconductor devices are IGBTs with anti-parallel diodes, which are respectively T1 and T2, a collector of T1 is connected with the positive electrode of a first direct-current capacitor C1, a collector of T2 is connected with an emitter of T1, an emitter of T2 is connected with the negative electrode of C1, and an emitter of T1 and an emitter of T2 are led out to serve as two alternating-current ends of the power unit.
(2) The four fully-controlled power semiconductor devices are connected in a full-bridge manner, as shown in fig. 4B. The four fully-controlled power semiconductor devices are IGBTs with anti-parallel diodes, and are respectively T3-T6, wherein T3 and T4 form a bridge arm, and T5 and T6 form another bridge arm: the collector of T3 is connected with the positive electrode of a first direct current capacitor C1, the collector of T4 is connected with the emitter of T3, and the emitter of T4 is connected with the negative electrode of C1; the collector of T5 is connected with the positive electrode of a first direct current capacitor C1, the collector of T6 is connected with the emitter of T5, and the emitter of T6 is connected with the negative electrode of C1; the middle points of the two bridge arms are led out to be used as two alternating current ends of the power unit.
(3) The full-control power semiconductor device is connected in parallel with a buffer loop, and the buffer loop is formed by connecting a diode and a capacitor in series, as shown in fig. 4C. The collector of the fully-controlled power semiconductor device T7 is connected with the anode of a first direct-current capacitor C1 through a diode D1, and the emitter of the T7 is connected with the cathode of the first direct-current capacitor C1.
The converter chain further comprises at least one protection unit 6, wherein the protection unit comprises a protection resistor and a protection switch, and the protection resistor and the protection switch are connected in series at any position in the converter chain or connected in parallel at two ends of the first direct current capacitor. There can be several composition modes as follows:
(1) as shown in fig. 5A, in the present embodiment, the first protection switch 8 and the first protection resistor 11 are connected in parallel. The first protection switch is formed by connecting two IGBTs with anti-parallel diodes in series in opposite directions and a mechanical switch in series.
(2) As shown in fig. 5B, in this embodiment, the protection unit includes, in addition to the first protection switch 8 and the first protection resistor 11, a second protection switch 9, a second protection resistor 10, and a second dc capacitor C2, and after the second dc capacitor is connected in series with the second protection switch and the second protection resistor, the second dc capacitor is connected in parallel with the first protection resistor and the first protection switch.
(3) As shown in fig. 5C, in this embodiment, the protection unit includes a second protection switch 9 and a second protection resistor 10, and the second protection switch and the second protection resistor are connected in series and then connected in parallel to two ends of the first dc capacitor.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bidirectional energy balancing converter chain with a protection unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1A, the power unit further includes: and the second bypass switch 5 is connected in parallel to the alternating current end of the power unit.
Fig. 1A is one of schematic diagrams of a bidirectional energy balance converter chain according to an embodiment of the present application; in this embodiment, the multi-port balancing unit has the structure shown in fig. 3A, and the power unit has the structure shown in fig. 4B.
Fig. 1B is a second schematic diagram illustrating a bidirectional energy balance converter chain according to an embodiment of the present application; in this embodiment, the multi-port balancing unit has the structure shown in fig. 3H, and the power unit has the structure shown in fig. 4A.
Fig. 1C is a third schematic diagram of a bidirectional energy balance converter chain according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; in this embodiment, the multi-port balancing unit has a structure shown in fig. 3G, and the power unit has a structure shown in fig. 4C.
The bidirectional energy balance converter chain of the embodiment further comprises at least one direct current port, and the direct current port is connected with the anode and the cathode of the first direct current capacitor; the DC port is used for connecting the DC side of the converter unit or leading out as a spare port. As shown in fig. 6, the positive and negative electrodes of the first dc capacitor are led out, and then the dc converter unit 20 is connected.
The bidirectional energy balance current conversion chains can form an electric energy router, and the electric energy router comprises at least three bidirectional energy balance current conversion chains.
The electric energy router also comprises K converter units, wherein K is an integer which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, the input ends of the converter units are connected with the anode and the cathode of the first direct current capacitor, the output ends of the converter units are connected with a load or a power supply, and an isolation unit is arranged between the input ends and the output ends of the converter units. As shown in fig. 6, K ═ 2, and includes 2 converter cells.
The electric energy router comprises the following components.
(1) As shown in fig. 7A, the electric energy router has a dc positive electrode and a dc negative electrode, wherein the electric energy router includes six bidirectional energy balance converter chains to form a three-phase upper arm and a three-phase lower arm; a first power port of the three-phase upper bridge arm commutation chain is connected with a direct current positive electrode, and a second power port of the same-phase upper bridge arm commutation chain is connected with a first power port of the lower bridge arm commutation chain; a second power port of the three-phase lower bridge arm current conversion chain is connected with the direct current negative electrode; and a second power port of the three-phase upper bridge arm commutation chain is led out to be used as an alternating current end of the electric energy router.
The first balanced ports of the three-phase upper bridge arm commutation chains of the electric energy router are connected together, and the second balanced ports of the three-phase lower bridge arm commutation chains of the electric energy router can be connected together.
The second balanced port of the upper bridge arm converter chain and the first balanced port of the lower bridge arm converter chain which are in the same phase of the electric energy router can be connected together.
(2) As shown in fig. 7B, the electric energy router includes three bidirectional energy balance converter chains, first power ports of the three converter chains are connected together, the first balance ports are connected together, and second power ports are respectively connected to ABC three phases of a power grid; or the second power ports of the three converter chains are connected together, the second balance ports are connected together, and the first power ports are respectively connected with the ABC three phases of the power grid.
(3) As shown in fig. 7C, the electric energy router includes three bidirectional energy balance converter chains, and a first power port of a converter chain is connected to a second power port of an adjacent converter chain to form a closed loop; the first power ports of the three converter chains are respectively connected with the ABC three phases of the power grid to form an angle type connection mode.
And the first balance ports of the three converter chains are connected with the second balance ports of the adjacent converter chains to form a closed loop.
The invention also provides a control method of the bidirectional energy balance current conversion chain, which comprises the following steps:
when the direct current voltage of the power units in the bidirectional energy balance current conversion chain is uneven, a first direct current capacitor charging and discharging loop between adjacent power units is established by controlling a switch unit in a multi-port balance unit, and the direct current voltage balance of the power units is maintained;
when the direct current capacitor voltage of any power unit is higher than that of the adjacent power unit, the direct current capacitor with higher voltage discharges to the direct current capacitor of the adjacent power unit through the multi-port balancing unit connected with the power unit.
When the power unit fails, the second bypass switch in the power unit is closed, and meanwhile, the first bypass switch is closed.
The foregoing detailed description of the embodiments of the present application has been presented to illustrate the principles and implementations of the present application, and the description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the methods and their core concepts of the present application. Meanwhile, a person skilled in the art should, according to the idea of the present application, change or modify the embodiments and applications of the present application based on the scope of the present application. In view of the above, the description should not be taken as limiting the application.

Claims (30)

1. A bi-directional energy-balanced chain of commutation, comprising:
the M power units comprise two alternating current ends, the alternating current ends of adjacent power units are sequentially connected in series, the leading-out of an empty port of a head-end power unit is defined as a first power port, and the leading-out of an empty port of a tail-end power unit is defined as a second power port; the power unit comprises a first direct current capacitor and a power assembly which are connected in parallel, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
n multiport balancing units, wherein N is an integer which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M;
the number P of the ports of the multi-port balance unit is 3 or 4;
when P is 3, the multi-port balancing unit comprises a first port, a second port and a third port, and the third port is connected with the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the first direct current capacitor; when P is 4, the multi-port balancing unit comprises a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port, wherein the third port is connected with the positive electrode of the direct current capacitor, and the fourth port is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current capacitor; or the third port is connected with the cathode of the direct current capacitor, and the fourth port is connected with the anode of the direct current capacitor;
the first port leading-out of the multi-port balancing unit at the head end is defined as a first balancing port, the second port is connected with the first port of the adjacent multi-port balancing unit in sequence, and the second port leading-out of the multi-port balancing unit at the tail end is defined as a second balancing port.
2. The bidirectional energy balancing converter chain according to claim 1, wherein the multi-port balancing unit in the bidirectional energy balancing converter chain is configured to control charging and discharging between the first direct-current capacitors of the adjacent power units.
3. The bi-directional energy balancing commutation chain of claim 1, further comprising a first bypass switch connected in parallel between the first port and the second port of the multi-port balancing unit.
4. The bidirectional energy balance converter chain according to claim 1, wherein P is 4, the multi-port balancing unit comprises a first, a second, a third and a fourth switching units, and one end of the first and second switching units is connected to the first and second ports, respectively; the other ends of the first switch unit and the second switch unit are connected and then connected with a third port; one end of the third switch unit and one end of the fourth switch unit are respectively connected with the first port and the second port, and the other end of the third switch unit and the fourth switch unit are connected with the fourth port.
5. The bidirectional energy balance converter chain according to claim 1, wherein P is 3, the multi-port balancing unit comprises a first switch unit and a second switch unit, and one end of the first switch unit and one end of the second switch unit are respectively connected with the first port and the second port; the first switch unit is connected with the third port after being connected with the other end of the second switch unit.
6. The bidirectional energy balance converter chain according to claim 1, wherein P is 4, the multi-port balancing unit comprises a first, a second and a third switching units, and one end of the first and second switching units is connected to the first and second ports, respectively; the first switch unit is connected with the other end of the second switch unit and then connected with the third port; one end of the third switch unit is connected with the first port or the second port, and the other end of the third switch unit is connected with the fourth port.
7. The bidirectional energy balance converter chain according to claim 1, wherein P is 3, the multi-port balancing unit comprises a first switch unit and a second switch unit, and one end of the first switch unit and one end of the second switch unit are respectively connected with the first port and the second port; the other end of the first switch unit is connected with the second port, and the other end of the second switch unit is connected with the third port.
8. The bidirectional energy balance converter chain according to claim 1, wherein P is 4, the multi-port balancing unit comprises a first, a second and a third switching units, and one end of the first and second switching units is connected to the first and second ports, respectively; the other end of the first switch unit is connected with the second port, the other end of the second switch unit is connected with the third port, one end of the third switch unit is connected with the second port or the first port, and the other end of the third switch unit is connected with the fourth port.
9. The bidirectional energy balance converter chain according to claim 1, wherein P is 3, the multi-port balancing unit comprises a first switch unit, one end of the first switch unit is connected to the first port and the third port at the same time, and the other end of the first switch unit is connected to the second port.
10. The bidirectional energy balancing converter chain according to any one of claims 4 to 9, wherein each switching unit in the bidirectional energy balancing converter chain comprises a power semiconductor device or a mechanical switch.
11. The bidirectional energy balancing converter chain according to claim 10, wherein each switching unit in the bidirectional energy balancing converter chain further comprises a current limiting unit formed by a current limiting resistor, an inductor, a fuse or any combination of the three devices, and the current limiting unit is connected in series with a power semiconductor device or a mechanical switch in the switching unit.
12. The bidirectional energy balancing converter chain according to claim 1, further comprising a set of isolation switches connected in series between the third and fourth ports and the positive and negative poles of the first dc capacitor; when P is 3, the switch group includes 1 switch, and when P is 4, the switch group includes at least 1 switch.
13. The bidirectional energy balance converter chain according to claim 1, wherein the power component in the power unit is formed by connecting two fully-controlled power semiconductor devices in a half-bridge connection manner, or by connecting four fully-controlled power semiconductor devices in a full-bridge connection manner, or by connecting one fully-controlled power semiconductor device in parallel with a snubber circuit, and the snubber circuit is formed by connecting a diode and a capacitor in series.
14. The bidirectional energy balancing converter chain according to claim 1, further comprising at least one protection unit, wherein the protection unit comprises a protection resistor and a protection switch, and is connected in series at any position in the converter chain or connected in parallel at two ends of the first dc capacitor.
15. The bidirectional energy balancing converter chain according to claim 14, wherein the protection unit includes a first protection switch and a first protection resistor, and the first protection switch and the first protection resistor are connected in parallel; the first protection switch is formed by connecting two IGBTs with anti-parallel diodes in series in opposite directions and a mechanical switch in series.
16. The bidirectional energy balancing converter chain according to claim 15, wherein the protection unit further comprises a second protection switch, a second protection resistor, and a second dc capacitor; the second direct current capacitor is connected in series with the second protection switch and the second protection resistor and then connected in parallel with the first protection resistor and the first protection switch.
17. The bidirectional energy balance converter chain according to claim 14, wherein the protection unit comprises a second protection switch and a second protection resistor, and the second protection switch and the second protection resistor are connected in series and then connected in parallel to two ends of the first dc capacitor.
18. The bi-directional energy balancing converter chain of claim 1, wherein said power cell further comprises: and the second bypass switch is connected in parallel to the alternating current end of the power unit.
19. The bi-directional energy balancing converter chain of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one direct current port connected with the anode and the cathode of the first direct current capacitor; the DC port is used for connecting the DC side of the converter unit or leading out as a spare port.
20. An electrical energy router comprising at least three bidirectional energy balanced converter chains according to claims 1-15.
21. The electric energy router according to claim 20, further comprising K converter units, wherein K is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, the input ends of the converter units are connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the first dc capacitor, the output ends of the converter units are connected to a load or a power supply, and an isolation unit is arranged between the input ends and the output ends of the converter units.
22. The power router of claim 20 having a dc positive pole and a dc negative pole, wherein the power router includes six bi-directional energy-balanced converter chains forming a three-phase upper leg and a three-phase lower leg; a first power port of the three-phase upper bridge arm commutation chain is connected with a direct current positive electrode, and a second power port of the same-phase upper bridge arm commutation chain is connected with a first power port of the lower bridge arm commutation chain; a second power port of the three-phase lower bridge arm current conversion chain is connected with the direct current negative electrode; and a second power port of the three-phase upper bridge arm commutation chain is led out to be used as an alternating current end of the electric energy router.
23. The power router of claim 22 wherein the first balanced ports of the three-phase upper leg converter chains of the power router are connected together and the second balanced ports of the three-phase lower leg converter chains of the power router are connected together.
24. The power router of claim 22 wherein the second balanced ports of the upper leg inverter chains of the power router that are in phase are connected together with the first balanced ports of the lower leg inverter chains.
25. The electric energy router according to claim 20, wherein the electric energy router comprises three bidirectional energy balance converter chains, first power ports of the three converter chains are connected together, and second power ports of the three converter chains are respectively connected with ABC three phases of a power grid; or the second power ports of the three converter chains are connected together, and the first power ports are respectively connected with the ABC three phases of the power grid.
26. The electrical energy router of claim 25, wherein the first power ports of the three converter chains are connected together, and the first balance ports are connected together, and the second power ports are respectively connected to ABC three phases of the power grid; or the second power ports of the three converter chains are connected together, the second balance ports are connected together, and the first power ports are respectively connected with the ABC three phases of the power grid.
27. The electrical energy router of claim 20, wherein the electrical energy router comprises three bidirectional energy balancing converter chains, and a first power port of a converter chain is connected to a second power port of an adjacent converter chain to form a closed loop; and the first power port or the second power port of the three converter chains are respectively connected with the ABC three phases of the power grid to form an angle type connection mode.
28. The electrical energy router of claim 27, wherein the first balance ports of the three converter chains and the second balance ports of the adjacent converter chains are connected to form a closed loop.
29. A method for controlling a bidirectional energy balancing converter chain according to any of claims 1 to 19, comprising:
when the direct current voltage of the power units in the bidirectional energy balance current conversion chain is uneven, a first direct current capacitor charging and discharging loop between adjacent power units is established by controlling a switch unit in a multi-port balance unit, and the direct current voltage balance of the power units is maintained;
when the direct current capacitor voltage of any power unit is higher than that of the adjacent power unit, the direct current capacitor with higher voltage discharges to the direct current capacitor of the adjacent power unit through the multi-port balancing unit connected with the power unit.
30. The control method of claim 29 wherein when the power cell fails, the second bypass switch in the power cell is closed while the first bypass switch is closed.
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