CN113258694A

CN113258694A - Single-phase alternating current permanent magnet synchronous motor

Info

Publication number: CN113258694A
Application number: CN202110727487.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 安子丹; 刘永良
Original assignee: China Gold Technology Henan Co ltd
Current assignee: China Gold Technology Henan Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-06-29
Filing date: 2021-06-29
Publication date: 2021-08-13

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of motors, and particularly relates to a single-phase alternating current permanent magnet synchronous motor which comprises a stator and a rotor which are coaxially arranged; the stator comprises stator cores which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and stator windings are wound on the stator cores and are single-phase windings; the rotor comprises rotor magnets which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the rotor magnets correspond to the stator iron cores one by one; stator windings on any two circumferentially adjacent stator cores are connected in series in an opposite direction, and magnetic poles of any two circumferentially adjacent rotor magnets are opposite; each stator core and each rotor magnet are provided with corresponding surfaces which are oppositely arranged, the corresponding surfaces of at least part of the stator cores and/or the rotor magnets are inclined surfaces which are obliquely arranged along the circumferential direction, and each inclined surface is used for enabling the rotor to rotate towards the same set direction. The motor of the invention can not generate the situation of the offset of the induction magnetic field, thereby improving the efficiency and reducing the heat productivity. The steering mechanism can only rotate around a set direction without considering the problem of starting steering.

Description

Single-phase alternating current permanent magnet synchronous motor

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of motors, and particularly relates to a single-phase alternating current permanent magnet synchronous motor.

Background

At present, common permanent magnet synchronous motors in the market are three-phase alternating current permanent magnet synchronous motors, the three-phase alternating current permanent magnet synchronous motors generally adopt three-phase alternating current or three-phase square wave electricity, motor stator windings are generally divided into X, Y, Z three phases, but adjacent winding current directions in the same wire slot are opposite in any time of winding X, Y, Z three phases, and the situation of magnetic field offset is continuously caused, so that the efficiency of the three-phase motors is reduced, and the heat productivity is increased.

The problems of low efficiency and large heat productivity of the conventional three-phase alternating current synchronous motor due to the structural particularity can not be solved, so that the single-phase synchronous motor needs to be designed to meet the market demand.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a single-phase alternating current permanent magnet synchronous motor, which aims to solve the technical problems of low efficiency and large heat productivity of a three-phase alternating current permanent magnet synchronous motor in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the single-phase alternating current permanent magnet synchronous motor provided by the invention is as follows: a single phase alternating current permanent magnet synchronous machine comprising:

a stator and a rotor arranged coaxially;

the stator comprises stator cores which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and stator windings are wound on the stator cores and are single-phase windings;

the rotor comprises rotor magnets which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the rotor magnets correspond to the stator iron cores one by one;

stator windings on any two circumferentially adjacent stator cores are connected in series in an opposite direction, and magnetic poles of any two circumferentially adjacent rotor magnets are opposite;

each stator core and each rotor magnet are provided with corresponding surfaces which are oppositely arranged, the corresponding surfaces of at least part of the stator cores and/or the rotor magnets are inclined surfaces which are obliquely arranged along the circumferential direction, and each inclined surface is used for enabling the rotor to rotate towards the same set direction.

Has the advantages that: two adjacent stator windings are single-phase windings and are reversely connected in series, the magnetic poles of two adjacent rotor magnets are opposite, when the magnetic field of the rotor magnets cuts the stator windings, the motion angular speed of the rotor magnets is synchronous with the induced voltage phase angular speed of the rotor magnets, the situation of offsetting of the induced magnetic field cannot occur, the efficiency is improved, and the heat productivity is reduced. According to the invention, the inclined plane is arranged, so that the magnetic field density between the stator iron core and the rotor magnet is different along the circumferential direction, and the rotor magnet can rotate towards the direction with low magnetic field density, so that the motor can only rotate around the set direction under the drive of any single-phase sine wave or single-phase square wave, the problem of starting and steering is not required to be considered, the structure of the controller is simplified, and the cost is reduced.

Preferably, when the inclined surface is provided on the stator core or the rotor magnet, the corresponding surface of each stator core or each rotor magnet is the inclined surface, and the circumferential inclination directions of the inclined surface on each stator core or the inclined surface on each rotor magnet are the same. The corresponding surfaces of the stator cores or the rotor magnets are inclined planes, so that the stress of the rotor magnets at each moment is equal when the rotor magnets rotate, and the rotating smoothness is guaranteed.

Preferably, the slope angles of the respective slopes are equal. The inclination angles of the inclined planes are equal, which is beneficial to improving the smoothness of rotation.

Preferably, the inclination angle of the inclined plane is 10 °.

Preferably, the stator core is of a T-shaped structure, the T-shaped stator core includes a winding edge for winding the stator winding, and a stopping edge disposed at an end of the winding edge for stopping the stator winding from coming off, and the inclined surface is disposed on the stopping edge. The stopping edge can prevent the stator winding from being separated.

Preferably, the width of the corresponding surface of the stator core in the circumferential direction is equal to the circumferential width of the rotor magnet.

Preferably, the stator comprises a stator ring body, and a plurality of stator cores are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the stator ring body along the circumferential direction;

the rotor includes rotor housing, rotor housing's inside has a plurality ofly along the circumference equipartition rotor magnet, rotor magnet are located stator core's radial outside and with stator core one-to-one.

Preferably, the stator comprises a stator ring body, and a plurality of stator cores are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the stator ring body along the circumferential direction;

the rotor includes rotor base member, and rotor base member's outside has a plurality of rotor magnets along the circumference equipartition, and each rotor magnet is located stator core's radial inside and with stator core one-to-one.

Preferably, the stator comprises a stator base plate, and the axial disc surface of the stator base plate is provided with the stator core;

the rotor comprises a rotor base disc, the axial disc surface of the rotor base disc is provided with the rotor magnet, and the rotor magnet and the stator iron core axially correspond to each other;

the motor also comprises a rotating shaft, one of the stator base disc and the rotor base disc is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft, and the other one is rotatably assembled with the rotating shaft.

Preferably, the widths of the rotor magnet and the stator core are gradually reduced along the radial direction from outside to inside.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic partial structural view of a stator in embodiment 1 of the single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of FIG. 2 after winding of the stator windings;

fig. 4 is a distribution diagram of an electric field when the single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor of embodiment 1 of the present invention is not rotating;

fig. 5 is a diagram showing an electric field distribution during rotation in the single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 6 is an exploded view of the single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic partial structural view of a stator in embodiment 2 of the single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 7 after winding of the stator windings;

fig. 9 is an exploded view of a single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a stator in embodiment 3 of the single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor provided in the present invention;

fig. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of fig. 10 after winding stator windings;

fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor in embodiment 3 of the single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the present invention;

description of reference numerals:

100. a stator; 101. a stator base; 102. a stator ring body; 103. a stator core; 104. a stator winding; 105. a bevel; 106. an integrated housing; 107. a lower end cover; 108. a stator base plate; 200. a rotor; 201. a rotor case; 202. a fixed shaft; 203. a rotor magnet; 204. a rotor base; 205. a rotating shaft; 206. a rotor base plate.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It is noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, elements recited by the phrase "comprising an … …" do not exclude the inclusion of such elements in processes or methods.

In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" when they are used are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, or may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art from specific situations.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the term "provided" may be used in a broad sense, for example, the object of "provided" may be a part of the body, or may be arranged separately from the body and connected to the body, and the connection may be a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art from specific situations.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

The specific embodiment 1 of the single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor provided by the present invention:

as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the unidirectional ac permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present embodiment is an outer rotor unidirectional ac permanent magnet synchronous motor (hereinafter referred to as a motor), the motor includes a stator 100 and a rotor 200 located outside the stator 100 and capable of rotating relative to the stator 100, the stator 100 includes a stator base 101, a stator ring 102 is fixedly sleeved on the stator base 101, and stator cores 103 are uniformly fixed on the periphery of the stator ring 102 along the circumferential direction. The rotor 200 includes a rotor housing 201, a fixed shaft 202 is fixed on the rotor housing 201, the fixed shaft 202 penetrates the stator base 101 after penetrating the stator ring 102, and the fixed shaft 202 and the stator base 101 are rotatably assembled together through a bearing.

The structure of the stator 100 is shown in fig. 2 and 3, where the stator cores 103 are T-shaped, and each stator core 103 includes a winding edge extending in a radial direction of the stator 100 and a stop edge extending in a circumferential direction perpendicular to the winding edge, the stop edge being located at one end of the winding edge. A stator winding 104 is wound around the outside of each stator core 103, and the stator winding 104 is stopped by the stopping edge of the stator core 103 to prevent the stator winding from being separated. Here, any two adjacent stator windings 104 are connected in series in opposite directions, and the stator windings 104 are distributed single-phase windings. As shown in fig. 1, a plurality of rotor magnets 203 are fixedly mounted inside the rotor case 201, the number of the rotor magnets 203 is equal to and corresponds to the number of the stator cores 103, the rotor magnets 203 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the magnetic poles of any two adjacent rotor magnets 203 are opposite. The width of stator core 103 is the same as the width of rotor magnet 203 facing it, and rotor magnet 203 is magnetized in the direction of the largest surface.

In this embodiment, the stator cores 103 and the rotor magnets 203 are arranged in a diametrically opposite manner, the stator cores 103 and the rotor magnets 203 have corresponding surfaces arranged oppositely, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the corresponding surface of each stator core 103 is an inclined surface 105, the inclined surfaces 105 in each stator core 103 are identical in the circumferential direction of inclination, and the inclination angles are identical, and the inclination angle of the inclined surface 105 is 10 ° or may be an acute angle smaller than 90 °. After the corresponding surface of stator core 103 is set to be inclined surface 105, the distance between each stator core 103 and the corresponding rotor magnet 203 gradually changes in the circumferential direction.

In use, as shown in fig. 4, when the motor is not energized and is stationary or the initial current magnetic field direction is aligned with the magnetic field direction of the rotor magnet 203, the rotor magnet 203 remains stationary. As shown in fig. 5, when the initial current magnetic field direction of the motor is opposite to the magnetic field of the rotor magnet 203, the magnetic field density is different due to the different distance between the stator core 103 and the rotor magnet 203, and the rotor magnet 203 rotates in the direction of low magnetic field density indicated by the arrow, so that the motor can rotate around the direction of the arrow in fig. 5 under the driving of any single-phase sine wave or single-phase square wave. In other embodiments, when the direction of the bevel 105 is changed, the rotor magnet 203 rotates in the opposite direction. Since the direction of the current in the single-phase sine wave or the single-phase square wave is changed continuously, even if the initial current magnetic field direction of the motor is the same as the magnetic field direction of the rotor magnet 203, the current magnetic field direction of the next pulse is opposite to the magnetic field direction of the rotor magnet 203, and the motor starts to rotate in the set direction.

In this embodiment, two adjacent stator windings 104 are connected in series in an opposite direction, and the magnetic poles of two adjacent rotor magnets 203 are opposite, so that when the magnetic field of the rotor magnets 203 cuts the stator windings 104, the angular velocity of the movement of the rotor magnets 203 is synchronous with the phase angular velocity of the induced voltage of the rotor magnets 203, and the induced magnetic field is not offset, so that the efficiency is improved and the heat generation is reduced. In the embodiment, the corresponding surface of the stator core 103 is set to be the inclined surface, so that the rotation direction of the motor is determined, the problem of starting and steering is not needed to be considered, the structure of the controller is simplified, and the cost is reduced.

The motor is suitable for starting and stopping under the action of external force, particularly used as a rotor wing drive mode or a starting and stopping mode without the action of external force, such as an unmanned aerial vehicle motor, a plant protection machine motor, a model airplane duct motor and the like, and can normally work and run without a Hall analysis circuit or other calculation and analysis circuits. When the motor is applied to a scene of starting, stopping and running under the action of external force, a clutch is generally required to be additionally arranged, and a gearbox is required to be additionally arranged when the motor rotates reversely.

Specific embodiment 2 of the single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present invention:

as shown in fig. 6 to 8, the single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present embodiment is an inner rotor single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor (hereinafter referred to as a motor), the motor includes a stator 100 and a rotor 200, the stator 100 includes an integrated casing 106, the integrated casing 106 includes an upper end cover or is formed by integral stamping with the upper end cover, a stator ring 102 is fixedly mounted inside the integrated casing 106, a plurality of stator cores 103 are uniformly distributed on an inner circumferential surface of the stator ring 102 along an axial direction, the stator cores 103 here are also in a T-shaped structure, and a stator winding 104 is wound on the stator core 103. The stator 100 also includes a lower end cap 107. The rotor 200 includes a rotor base 204, a plurality of rotor magnets 203 are uniformly distributed on the outer portion of the rotor base 204 along the circumferential direction, a rotating shaft 205 is fixed on the rotor base 204, and the rotating shaft 205 is rotatably connected with the integrated casing 106 and the lower end cover 107 through bearings. In this embodiment, the structures and the arrangement of the stator core 103, the stator winding 104, and the rotor magnet 203 are the same as those of embodiment 1, and are not described again here.

Embodiment 3 of the single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present invention:

as shown in fig. 9 to 12, the single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present embodiment is a disk-type single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor (hereinafter, simply referred to as a motor), and includes a stator 100 and a rotor 200, the rotor 200 includes a rotor base 206, a plurality of rotor magnets 203 are uniformly distributed on a disk surface of the rotor base 206 in an axial direction around a circumferential direction, a width of the rotor magnets 203 herein is gradually reduced from outside to inside, and a rotating shaft 205 is fixed to a center position of the rotor base 206. In other embodiments, the widths of the rotor magnets and the stator core may be radially uniform. The stator 100 comprises a stator base disc 108, a plurality of stator cores 103 are uniformly distributed on the axial disc surface of the stator base disc 108 in the circumferential direction, a stator winding 104 is wound on each stator core 103, and a rotating shaft 205 penetrates through the stator base disc 108 and is rotatably assembled with the stator base disc 108 through a bearing. Here, rotor magnet 203 and stator core 103 are arranged to face each other in the axial direction, the axial end face of rotor magnet 203 is magnetized, and the corresponding face of stator core 103 is also located in the axial direction. In other embodiments, the shaft may be fixed to the stator base plate and rotatably assembled with the rotor base plate.

In this embodiment, the magnetic poles of rotor magnet 203, the structure of stator core 103, and the structure of stator winding 104 are the same as those of embodiment 1. The stator core 103 may be made of soft iron or other magnetic materials such as ferrite, and the stator base 108 is made of common magnetic steel or other magnetic materials with a certain strength.

Embodiment 4 of the single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present invention:

in embodiment 1, the width of the stator core is equal to the width of the rotor magnet. In this embodiment, the width of the stator core is smaller than the width of the rotor magnet, or may be larger than the width of the rotor magnet.

Embodiment 5 of the single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present invention:

in embodiment 1, the stator core has a T-shaped structure. In this embodiment, the stator core may have an i-shaped structure.

Embodiment 6 of the single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present invention:

in example 1, the inclination angles of the slopes were equal. In this embodiment, the inclination angles of the inclined planes on different stator cores may be different.

Embodiment 7 of the single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present invention:

in embodiment 1, the corresponding surfaces of all the stator cores are inclined surfaces, and the inclination directions of the inclined surfaces are the same. In this embodiment, the inclined surface may be provided on the rotor magnet, and the corresponding surfaces of all the rotor magnets are inclined surfaces, and the inclination directions of the inclined surfaces are the same. In other embodiments, the ramps are provided only on a portion of the stator core or only on a portion of the rotor magnets.

Embodiment 8 of the single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present invention:

in embodiment 1, the slope is provided only on the stator core. In this embodiment, the inclined surface may be provided only on the rotor magnet. Or the inclined planes may be disposed on both the stator core and the rotor magnet, and it is necessary to pay attention to the inclined directions of all the inclined planes when designing the direction of the inclined planes, so as to ensure that the rotor magnet rotates in the same direction.

Finally, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described in the foregoing embodiments without departing from the inventive concept, or some of the technical features may be replaced with equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single-phase alternating current permanent magnet synchronous motor is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

a stator (100) and a rotor (200) arranged coaxially;

the stator (100) comprises stator cores (103) which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, a stator winding (104) is wound on each stator core (103), and each stator winding (104) is a single-phase winding;

the rotor (200) comprises rotor magnets (203) which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the rotor magnets (203) correspond to the stator cores (103) one by one;

stator windings (104) on any two circumferentially adjacent stator cores (103) are connected in series in an opposite direction, and the magnetic poles of any two circumferentially adjacent rotor magnets (203) are opposite;

each stator core (103) and each rotor magnet (203) are provided with corresponding surfaces which are oppositely arranged, the corresponding surfaces of at least part of the stator cores (103) and/or the rotor magnets (203) are inclined surfaces (105) which are obliquely arranged along the circumferential direction, and each inclined surface (105) is used for enabling the rotor (200) to rotate towards the same set direction.

2. The single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous machine of claim 1, wherein: when the inclined surface (105) is arranged on the stator core (103) or the rotor magnet (203), the corresponding surface of each stator core (103) or each rotor magnet (203) is the inclined surface (105), and the circumferential inclined directions of the inclined surfaces (105) on the stator cores (103) or the inclined surfaces (105) on the rotor magnets (203) are the same.

3. The single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous machine of claim 2, wherein: the inclination angles of the inclined planes (105) are equal.

4. A single-phase ac permanent-magnet synchronous machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: the inclination angle of the inclined plane (105) is 10 degrees.

5. The single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous machine of claim 1, wherein: the stator core (103) is of a T-shaped structure, the T-shaped stator core (103) comprises a winding edge used for winding the stator winding (104) and a stopping edge arranged at the end of the winding edge and used for stopping the stator winding (104) from being pulled out, and the inclined plane (105) is arranged on the stopping edge.

6. A single-phase alternating current permanent magnet synchronous machine according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: the width of the corresponding surface of the stator core (103) along the circumferential direction is equal to the circumferential width of the rotor magnet (203).

7. A single-phase alternating current permanent magnet synchronous machine according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: the stator (100) comprises a stator ring body (102), and a plurality of stator cores (103) are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the stator ring body (102) along the circumferential direction;

the rotor (200) comprises a rotor case (201), a plurality of rotor magnets (203) are uniformly distributed in the rotor case (201) along the circumferential direction, and the rotor magnets (203) are located on the radial outer portion of the stator iron core (103) and correspond to the stator iron core (103) one by one.

8. A single-phase alternating current permanent magnet synchronous machine according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: the stator (100) comprises a stator ring body (102), and a plurality of stator cores (103) are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the stator ring body (102) along the circumferential direction;

the rotor (200) comprises a rotor base body (204), a plurality of rotor magnets (203) are uniformly distributed on the outer portion of the rotor base body (204) along the circumferential direction, and the rotor magnets (203) are located on the radial inner portion of the stator core (103) and correspond to the stator core (103) one by one.

9. A single-phase alternating current permanent magnet synchronous machine according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: the stator (100) comprises a stator base disc (108), and the axial disc surface of the stator base disc (108) is provided with the stator core (103);

the rotor (200) comprises a rotor base disc (206), the axial disc surface of the rotor base disc (206) is provided with the rotor magnet (203), and the rotor magnet (203) corresponds to the stator iron core (103) along the axial direction;

the motor also comprises a rotating shaft (205), one of the stator base disc (108) and the rotor base disc (206) is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft (205), and the other one is rotatably assembled for the rotating shaft (205).

10. The single-phase ac permanent magnet synchronous machine of claim 9, wherein: the widths of the rotor magnet (203) and the stator iron core (103) are gradually reduced from outside to inside along the radial direction.