CN113251988A - Dynamic monitoring method and system for bridge support damage - Google Patents

Dynamic monitoring method and system for bridge support damage Download PDF

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CN113251988A
CN113251988A CN202110534662.7A CN202110534662A CN113251988A CN 113251988 A CN113251988 A CN 113251988A CN 202110534662 A CN202110534662 A CN 202110534662A CN 113251988 A CN113251988 A CN 113251988A
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strain
support
bridge
damage
bearing
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CN113251988B (en
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沈国根
唐永圣
余郁
潘添
张玉民
赵策
成晔
鄂俊宇
蔡腾騰
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Yangzhou Municipal Construction Division
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
    • G06F17/14—Fourier, Walsh or analogous domain transformations, e.g. Laplace, Hilbert, Karhunen-Loeve, transforms
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

The invention provides a dynamic monitoring method and system for bridge support damage, and belongs to the technical field of engineering monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: mounting a strain sensor at the beam bottom near the bridge support; measuring dynamic strain response under the vehicle-mounted action; calculating the transverse distribution shape of the first-order strain mode of the beam bottom according to Fourier transform; and judging whether the support is damaged or not according to the change of the shape of the strain mode, and quantifying the damage according to the change of the shape of the strain mode. The invention converts the monitoring of the damage of the bridge bearing into the monitoring of the transverse dynamic strain of the beam bottom, not only can accurately and timely identify the damage, but also can quantify the damage degree, provides a new method for monitoring the damage of the bridge bearing, and has simple structure, low cost and strong market competitiveness.

Description

Dynamic monitoring method and system for bridge support damage
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering monitoring, and particularly relates to a dynamic monitoring method and system for bridge support damage.
Background
The support is an important component of the bridge structure, the manufacturing cost of the support accounts for a relatively low proportion of the bridge construction cost, but the function of the support in the bridge structure is irreplaceable. The method needs to meet the requirements of load transmission and the requirement of bridge body deformation. In actual use, due to the influence of various factors, various diseases directly influence the service life and the use safety of the bridge, and common support diseases comprise: support disengaging, support deviation, support overpressure and the like. At present, the inspection of the bridge support mainly stays at an apparent detection stage, and the detection research on the actual working performance of the bridge support after installation is less. The traditional detection method mainly depends on manual visual inspection and observation, and also carries out support inspection through photographic equipment. However, the height of the support is small, the position is dark, certain difficulty is brought to the inspection of the bridge support, and particularly, the space of a chest wall surface of the support installed on an abutment is narrow, so that the inspection is difficult to implement. Compared with monitoring technologies of other parts of a bridge, the monitoring technology of the support damage is relatively lagged, qualitative judgment is more in practice, and quantitative evaluation is difficult. Therefore, more advanced monitoring methods need to be proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dynamic monitoring method and a dynamic monitoring system for bridge support damage, which aim to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, support damage is difficult to detect, accurate, timely and comprehensive monitoring is difficult to achieve, and damage is difficult to quantitatively evaluate.
In order to solve the above technical problems, in one aspect, the present invention provides a method for monitoring power of bridge support damage, wherein a strain sensor is installed on a bottom surface of a beam slab near each support of a bridge along a bridge direction, and distances between each strain sensor and the corresponding support are the same, the method comprising:
collecting typical dynamic strain time-course data of each strain sensor when a vehicle passes through a bridge under the complete working condition and the damaged working condition of a support;
carrying out Fourier transform on the typical dynamic strain time-course data to obtain strain modes under 1-order frequency vibration of each support under different working conditions;
normalizing the strain modes of the supports under different working conditions to obtain the strain mode shape coefficients of the supports under different working conditions;
and judging whether the support is damaged or not according to the change of the shape coefficient of the support strain mode, and judging the damage degree of the support according to the change of the shape coefficient of the support strain mode.
Further, the normalization process includes:
and for the same working condition, selecting the undamaged support as a reference point, and dividing the strain modes of other supports under the working condition by the strain mode of the selected support to obtain the strain mode shape coefficient of each support under the working condition.
Further, the change according to support strain mode shape coefficient judges whether the support damages to according to the change of support strain mode shape coefficient, and judge the support damage degree, include:
if the strain mode shape coefficient of the support is reduced, the support is damaged, and the more the reduction amount is, the greater the damage degree of the support is.
Further, the strain mode shape coefficient of a damaged mount in the vicinity of which no damage has occurred increases as the degree of damage of the damaged mount increases.
Further, the change amount of the support strain mode shape coefficient is the difference value between the strain mode shape coefficient when the support is intact and the strain mode shape coefficient of the support under the damage working condition.
Further, the distance between the strain sensor and the corresponding support is 1/5 bridge span.
Furthermore, the gauge length of the strain sensor is 0.3m-1m, the sampling frequency is not lower than 200Hz, and the strain measurement precision is not lower than 1 mu epsilon.
Further, the typical dynamic strain time course data is strain time course data with obvious free damping of free vibration after the vehicle passes through.
On the other hand, the invention provides a dynamic monitoring system for bridge support damage, wherein strain sensors are mounted on the bottom surface of a beam plate near each support of a bridge along the bridge direction, and the distances between each strain sensor and the corresponding support are the same, and the system comprises:
the acquisition module is configured to acquire typical dynamic strain time-course data of each strain sensor when a vehicle passes through a bridge under the complete working condition and the damaged working condition of the support;
the first processing module is configured to perform Fourier transform on the typical dynamic strain time-course data to obtain strain modes under 1-order frequency vibration of each support under different working conditions;
the second processing module is configured to perform normalization processing on the strain modes of the supports under different working conditions to obtain the strain mode shape coefficients of the supports under different working conditions;
and the judging module is configured to judge whether the support is damaged according to the change of the support strain modal shape coefficient and judge the support damage degree according to the change of the support strain modal shape coefficient.
The invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the invention adopts an advanced sensor measurement technology, measures the dynamic strain response of the bridge bottom through a sensor, analyzes the modal dynamic parameter of the structure, identifies the support damage by using the sensitivity of the dynamic parameter to the support damage, can accurately and timely position the damage position, can also carry out damage quantification through the change degree of the dynamic parameter, realizes the quantitative evaluation of the support damage degree, and has strong applicability and market competitiveness;
2. the method converts the support damage into the change monitoring of a structural vibration signal (first-order strain mode), develops the idea of support damage identification, and provides technical support for guaranteeing the long-term operation of the bridge and the safety of the support;
3. the invention has simple structure, low cost of the arranged sensor and strong market competitiveness, and has obvious effect on ensuring the national infrastructure safety and property safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a bridge support and a strain sensor in a dynamic monitoring method for bridge support damage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a bridge support and a strain sensor in a dynamic monitoring method for bridge support damage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exemplary graph of collected strain time history data of a vehicle passing through a bridge according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an exemplary spectrum obtained by Fourier transforming exemplary strain time-course data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a transverse distribution diagram of the strain modal shape coefficient of the support of each measurement point under different working conditions in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a distribution of a change in a shape coefficient of a strain mode of a support at each measurement point under different operating conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The device comprises a beam plate 1, a beam plate 2, a support 3, a pier 4 and a strain sensor.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As mentioned above, the prior art has the technical problems that the damage of the bridge bearing is difficult to detect, the accurate, timely and comprehensive monitoring is difficult to achieve, and the quantitative evaluation of the damage is difficult to perform. Therefore, the invention provides a dynamic monitoring method and a dynamic monitoring system for bridge support damage, which are used for measuring dynamic strain response of a bridge bottom through a sensor, analyzing modal dynamic parameters of a structure and identifying the support damage by using the sensitivity of the dynamic parameters to the support damage.
The basic principle of monitoring the damage of the support in the invention is as follows: the dynamic strain time course epsilon (t) is subjected to Fourier transform, and the strain mode amplitude epsilon (omega) under 1-order frequency vibration can be obtained. In general, except for the damage of the support, the beam in the support area is not easy to crack or generate damage caused by other reasons, so that the transverse distribution of the strain mode under 1-order frequency vibration cannot be changed, and if the transverse distribution is changed, the damage of the support is indicated.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a dynamic monitoring method for bridge bearing damage. In the method, strain sensors are mounted on the bottom surface of a beam plate near each support of a bridge in advance along the bridge direction, and the distances between each strain sensor and the corresponding support are the same, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting typical dynamic strain time-course data of each strain sensor when a vehicle passes through a bridge under the complete working condition and the damaged working condition of a support;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, collecting dynamic strain time-course data of each strain sensor when a vehicle passes through a bridge under the complete working condition and the damage working condition of a support;
and S12, selecting a section of typical dynamic strain time course data with obvious free damping of free vibration after the vehicle passes from the collected dynamic strain time course data.
When the traffic vehicle passes through the bridge, not all vehicles can excite good free vibration, so in order to improve the accuracy of data analysis, data with good free vibration characteristics can be selected for analysis, namely data with obvious free attenuation of vibration.
S2, carrying out Fourier transform on the typical dynamic strain time-course data to obtain strain modes under 1-order frequency vibration of each support under different working conditions;
s3, normalizing the strain modes of the supports under different working conditions to obtain the strain mode shape coefficients of the supports under different working conditions;
in order to obtain a transverse distribution of the strain modesThe strain mode of each measuring point needs to be normalized, and generally a certain measuring point i is selected as a reference (i.e. the strain mode shape coefficient of the measuring point is 1), and the strain modes of other measuring points such as the measuring point j are compared with the strain mode of the reference measuring point i
Figure BDA0003069161650000061
The value is the strain mode shape coefficient of the j point.
And S4, judging whether the support is damaged or not according to the change of the support strain modal shape coefficient, and judging the support damage degree according to the change of the support strain modal shape coefficient.
When a certain measuring point support is damaged, the strain modal shape coefficient of the measuring point is obviously reduced, and the modal shape coefficient of the measuring point at the position where the damage does not occur is slightly increased. Whether the support is damaged or not can be judged according to the characteristic, the more the coefficient is reduced, the more serious the support is damaged, and if a certain early warning value is exceeded, the more important reinforcement or support replacement is required.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, taking a certain bridge as an example, the bridge is provided with n supports 2, and a strain sensor 4 is installed at the bottom surface of a beam slab 1 near each support 2 to be measured, that is, there are n measuring points, which are marked as measuring point 1, measuring point 2 … …, and n is the total number of measuring points, and can be determined according to actual monitoring needs, in the embodiment of the present invention, n takes the value of 12. Wherein the distance L between the strain sensor 4 and the corresponding supportiThe same, the strain measurement direction is along the bridge.
Considering that the strain at two ends of a beam plate under the vehicle-mounted action is relatively small, in order to ensure that the strain response has a certain amplitude, the strain sensor 4 is away from the end part of the beam plate by a certain distance, and meanwhile, cracks are easily generated in the 1/4 span-1/2 span region, so that the judgment of the support damage in the later period can be influenced, therefore, the strain sensor is generally selected to be installed at the position which is away from the corresponding support and is the bridge span 1/5.
Because the unevenness of the concrete material is remarkable and the influence of local temperature cracks is considered, the gauge length of the strain sensor is generally in the range of 0.3m-1m for the reason. In addition, the sampling frequency of the strain sensor is generally not less than 200Hz, power supply of the strain sensor can be provided by a solar cell, and data transmission can be realized by means of 4G, 5G or the Internet of things. The strain measurement precision is not lower than 1 mu epsilon.
Specific examples of identifying the support damage by using the above power monitoring method for bridge support damage are given below, and include:
step 1, mounting a strain sensor:
as shown in FIG. 2, the strain sensors 4 of the measuring points 1-12 are mounted on the bottom surface of the beam plate 1 in the bridge direction by means of resin adhesion, mechanical mounting, or the like, and are mounted at positions spaced apart from the corresponding supports 1/5, that is, at positions spaced apart from the corresponding supports 1/5
Figure BDA0003069161650000081
Wherein L is the net distance of two supports under the beam slab 1, and the gauge length of the strain sensor is 0.3 m.
In the embodiment, the working conditions 1, 2 and 3 are assumed to respectively correspond to 20%, 30% and 50% of the support damage of the measuring point No. 6, and the measuring points No. 1 to No. 6 are selected as monitoring objects (the measuring points No. 1 to No. 6 are in the same transverse direction).
Step 2, obtaining typical dynamic strain time-course data of each strain sensor when a vehicle passes through a bridge under the complete working condition and the damaged working condition of a support;
s21, collecting the dynamic strain time course data of the support at the No. 1-6 measuring point when the vehicle passes through the bridge under the complete working condition of the support and the working conditions 1, 2 and 3, as shown in figure 3;
and S22, selecting a section of typical dynamic strain time interval epsilon (t) data with obvious free damping of free vibration after the vehicle passes from the collected dynamic strain time interval data.
Step 3, carrying out Fourier transform on the typical dynamic strain time course data obtained in the step 2 to obtain strain modes under 1-order frequency vibration of each support under different working conditions;
and carrying out Fourier transform on the typical strain time course epsilon (t) by using Matlab software to obtain a typical spectrogram of the dynamic strain time course. FIG. 4 is a typical example of a frequency spectrum of a dynamic strain time course, wherein the abscissa represents frequency and the ordinate, where the highest point, represents the magnitude of the strain mode ε (ω).
Step 4, normalizing the strain modes of the supports under different working conditions to obtain the strain mode shape coefficients of the supports under different working conditions;
in this embodiment, the number 1 measuring point is selected as a reference point (the support of the number 1 measuring point is not damaged), and the strain mode of other measuring points under the same working condition is divided by the strain mode of the number 1 measuring point to obtain a normalized strain mode shape coefficient, for example, a definition
Figure BDA0003069161650000082
The strain modal shape coefficient of No. 6 measuring point support under the working condition 1 is obtained
Figure BDA0003069161650000091
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003069161650000092
is the strain mode of the No. 6 measuring point support under the working condition 1,
Figure BDA0003069161650000093
the strain mode of a No. 1 measuring point support under the working condition 1 is adopted. The strain mode shape coefficients of the measuring point supports under the working conditions 1, 2 and 3 are distributed as shown in fig. 5.
As can be seen from FIG. 5, when the No. 6 measuring point support is damaged, it can be seen that
Figure BDA0003069161650000094
And the device is also characterized in that the strain modal shape coefficient of the support near the No. 6 measuring point support under the intact working condition is slightly smaller than that under the damaged working condition, such as the No. 5 support
Figure BDA0003069161650000095
And 5, judging whether the support is damaged or not according to the change of the strain modal shape coefficient of the support, and judging the damage degree of the support according to the change of the strain modal shape coefficient of the support.
According to the obvious reduction of the strain modal shape coefficient of the No. 6 measuring point support under the working conditions 1, 2 and 3, the damage of the No. 6 measuring point support can be judged.
To quantify the damage, a strain mode shape coefficient change Δ λ is definedIntact-λInjury of the skinFor example, for station support No. 6,
Figure BDA0003069161650000096
as can be seen from fig. 6, as the damage degree becomes larger and larger (from operating condition 1 to operating condition 3), the change amount of the strain mode shape coefficient of the damaged support (support No. 6) is:
Figure BDA0003069161650000097
Figure BDA0003069161650000098
and also has the following characteristics: the delta of the support (such as the support No. 5) near the support No. 6 is opposite to that of the support No. 6, and when the damage degree of the support No. 6 is larger, the change quantity of the shape coefficient of the strain mode of the support No. 6 is slightly reduced, namely the change quantity of the shape coefficient of the strain mode is slightly reduced
Figure BDA0003069161650000099
Therefore, damage can be quantified by the amount of change in the strain mode shape coefficient, which, when the amount of change is larger, the more the strain mode shape coefficient decreases, representing a more severe degree of support damage.
Through the embodiment, the dynamic monitoring system for the damage of the bridge support provided by the invention identifies the damage by using the modal change before and after the damage of the support, and carries out damage quantification through the change degree, so that the damage position can be accurately and timely positioned, and the quantitative evaluation of the damage degree of the support is realized. The invention introduces the advanced Bragg grating sensing technology, solves the limitation of artificially observing the support damage by utilizing the advantages of the technology and the characteristic of the sensitivity of the structural dynamic parameter, ensures the national infrastructure safety and property safety, has simple structure and low cost, and has stronger applicability and market competitiveness.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a dynamic monitoring system for bridge support damage, wherein a strain sensor is mounted on a bottom surface of a beam slab near each support of a bridge along a bridge direction, and distances between each strain sensor and the corresponding support are the same, the system comprising:
the acquisition module is configured to acquire typical dynamic strain time-course data of each strain sensor when a vehicle passes through a bridge under the complete working condition and the damaged working condition of the support;
the first processing module is configured to perform Fourier transform on the typical dynamic strain time-course data to obtain strain modes under 1-order frequency vibration of each support under different working conditions;
the second processing module is configured to perform normalization processing on the strain modes of the supports under different working conditions to obtain the strain mode shape coefficients of the supports under different working conditions;
and the judging module is configured to judge whether the support is damaged according to the change of the support strain modal shape coefficient and judge the support damage degree according to the change of the support strain modal shape coefficient.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The present invention has been disclosed in terms of the preferred embodiment, but is not intended to be limited to the embodiment, and all technical solutions obtained by substituting or converting equivalents thereof fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A dynamic monitoring method for bridge support damage is characterized in that strain sensors are mounted on the bottom surface of a beam plate near each support of a bridge along the bridge direction, and the distances between each strain sensor and the corresponding support are the same, and the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining typical dynamic strain time-course data of each strain sensor when a vehicle passes through a bridge under the complete working condition and the damaged working condition of a support;
carrying out Fourier transform on the typical dynamic strain time-course data to obtain strain modes under 1-order frequency vibration of each support under different working conditions;
normalizing the strain modes of the supports under different working conditions to obtain the strain mode shape coefficients of the supports under different working conditions;
and judging whether the support is damaged or not according to the change of the shape coefficient of the support strain mode, and judging the damage degree of the support according to the change of the shape coefficient of the support strain mode.
2. The dynamic monitoring method for bridge bearing damage according to claim 1, wherein the normalization process comprises:
and for the same working condition, selecting the undamaged support as a reference point, and dividing the strain modes of other supports under the working condition by the strain mode of the selected support to obtain the strain mode shape coefficient of each support under the working condition.
3. The method for dynamically monitoring damage of a bridge bearing according to claim 2, wherein the step of judging whether the bearing is damaged or not according to the change of the shape coefficient of the strain mode of the bearing and judging the damage degree of the bearing according to the change of the shape coefficient of the strain mode of the bearing comprises the following steps:
if the strain mode shape coefficient of the support is reduced, the support is damaged, and the more the reduction amount is, the greater the damage degree of the support is.
4. The dynamic monitoring method for the bridge bearing damage according to claim 3, wherein the strain mode shape coefficient of the bearing which is not damaged near the damaged bearing is increased along with the damage degree of the damaged bearing.
5. The dynamic monitoring method for bridge bearing damage according to claim 1, wherein the change amount of the bearing strain mode shape coefficient is a difference value between the strain mode shape coefficient when the bearing is intact and the strain mode shape coefficient of the bearing under the damage condition.
6. The dynamic monitoring method for bridge bearing damage according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the strain sensor and the corresponding bearing is 1/5 bridge span.
7. The dynamic monitoring method for the bridge bearing damage according to claim 1, wherein the gauge length of the strain sensor is 0.3m-1m, the sampling frequency is not lower than 200Hz, and the strain measurement precision is not lower than 1 μ epsilon.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the typical dynamic strain time course data is strain time course data indicating that free vibration of a vehicle has significant free damping after passing through the vehicle.
9. The utility model provides a dynamic monitoring system of bridge beam supports damage which characterized in that, near the beam slab bottom surface of every support of bridge is followed the bridge and is installed strain sensor, and each strain sensor is the same with the distance that corresponds the support, the system includes:
the acquisition module is configured to acquire typical dynamic strain time-course data of each strain sensor when a vehicle passes through a bridge under the complete working condition and the damaged working condition of a support;
the first processing module is configured to perform Fourier transform on the typical dynamic strain time-course data to obtain strain modes under 1-order frequency vibration of each support under different working conditions;
the second processing module is configured to perform normalization processing on the strain modes of the supports under different working conditions to obtain the strain mode shape coefficients of the supports under different working conditions;
and the judging module is configured to judge whether the support is damaged according to the change of the support strain modal shape coefficient and judge the support damage degree according to the change of the support strain modal shape coefficient.
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