Automatic drilling testing arrangement of blind hole method residual stress
Technical Field
The invention relates to an automatic drilling testing device for residual stress by a blind hole method, which comprises a drilling system, a clamping system, a positioning system and an automatic testing system, and can realize the functions of automatic tool setting, automatic drilling and automatic correction of measurement errors.
Background
Residual stress is the stress that exists when the object maintains an internal equilibrium when no external force is applied, and varying degrees of residual stress occur in mechanical manufacturing processes such as casting, cutting, welding, heat treatment and assembly. The residual stress can affect the processing deformation, the fatigue life, the structural strength and the like of the material, and the requirement on the residual stress of the material is higher and higher along with the development of material science. The existing testing methods of residual stress are divided into two categories of nondestructive testing and destructive testing, and the blind hole method is the most common method in the destructive testing methods. At present, the detection principle of the blind hole method is mature, residual stress of different depths in a certain depth range can be obtained through one-time drilling, but the development of detection equipment of the blind hole method is relatively slow. The traditional blind hole method can only measure the average stress in a certain range, and the drilling positioning device needs to be fixed by a magnetic seat, so that the device is inconvenient to fix and measure non-ferrous and non-planar parts and has low stability; the residual stress in different depth ranges can be obtained by testing the residual stress by the laser speckle diffraction blind hole method, but the equipment cost is higher, the drilling direction is only the horizontal direction, and the drilling height is inconvenient to adjust. In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the blind hole method residual stress automatic drilling testing device which can realize the functions of automatic tool setting, automatic drilling and automatic correction of measurement errors and can carry out residual stress measurement on curved surface parts and irregular planes prepared by spinning and other processes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs an automatic drilling testing device for residual stress by a blind hole method. The drilling system comprises an X-axis slide rail, a Y-axis slide rail, a Z-axis slide rail, an A-axis motor, a drilling main shaft and a cutter, wherein the A-axis motor can control the X-axis slide rail to rotate around the X axis by +/-180 degrees, and the drilling system can perform drilling operation on any plane of a test sample piece; the clamping system consists of a T-shaped groove table surface, a jacking clamp, a pressing clamp and a sample piece, and clamping is carried out in a jacking and pressing mode, so that stress introduced by clamping can be reduced to the greatest extent, and measurement errors are reduced; the positioning system comprises a binocular camera, a light supplement lamp and image recognition software, can automatically recognize the position of the strain gauge, calculates the coordinates of the drilling position, and measures the aperture after the drilling is finished; the automatic test system comprises a strain gauge, a strain gauge and control software, automatic tool setting and automatic drilling are carried out according to the position of the strain gauge identified by an image, the drilling depth is 2mm, single feeding is 0.05mm, and after the drilling is finished, the residual stress of different depths and a surface layer of a sample piece is calculated by the software according to a strain value after each feeding and the actual drilling aperture measured by the image identification. The device can automatically measure the residual stress on any plane angle.
The drilling system structure comprises an X-axis slide rail (7), a Y-axis slide rail (3), a Z-axis slide rail (5), an A-axis driving motor (10), an A-axis speed reducer (9), a drilling spindle (8) and a drilling tool, wherein the position relations of the components are shown in figure 1. The Y-axis slide rails (3) are arranged on the left side and the right side of the base (1), and are driven by a screw motor in the middle; two Z-axis slide rails (5) are arranged on the slide block of the Y-axis slide rail by adopting a connecting piece (4); the left side of an A-axis reducer (9) is installed on a slide block of a left Z-axis slide rail, a right rotating shaft is installed on an X-axis slide rail (7), and an A-axis driving motor (10) is installed at the input of the A-axis reducer; the right side of the X-axis sliding rail (7) is arranged in a bearing on a sliding block of the right Z-axis sliding rail; a drilling main shaft (8) is arranged on a sliding block of the X-axis sliding rail; a lead screw motor is integrated on the sliding block of the X-axis sliding rail to control the sliding block to move left and right; and lead screw motors (6) of the Y-axis slide rail and the Z-axis slide rail are arranged on one side of the slide rails.
The clamping system comprises a T-shaped groove table top (2), a jacking clamp (14), a pressing clamp (12) and a sample (13), and the position relation of the components is shown in figures 1 and 3. The sample piece (13) is flatly placed on the table top (2) of the T-shaped groove, the left side face, the front side face and the rear side face of the sample piece (13) are respectively tightly propped by a propping clamp (14), and the right side face of the sample piece is tightly propped by a pressing clamp (12); the tightening clamp (14) comprises a tightening base (16), a tightening bolt (15) and a tightening pin (17), as shown in fig. 4. The jacking base is fixed on the table top (2) of the T-shaped groove by adopting a T-shaped bolt and a nut, and a jacking bolt (15) is rotated by an inner hexagonal wrench to apply jacking force, so that a jacking pin jacks a sample piece.
The positioning system comprises a binocular camera (11) and image recognition software. The cameras (11) are arranged on the left side and the right side of the spindle motor to form a binocular measuring system, and the image recognition software obtains three-dimensional space coordinates of the strain gauge by recognizing a strain gauge cross mark on the sample piece.
The automatic testing system comprises a strain gauge, a strain gauge and control software, wherein the control software automatically carries out tool setting operation according to the measured position of the strain gauge, and then carries out automatic drilling with 0.05mm feeding each time, and the hole depth is 2 mm; after drilling, the practical drilling diameter is obtained through the camera, and the residual stress of different depths and the surface layer of the sample piece is calculated by combining the strain value measured after feeding every time.
The testing process of the automatic residual stress drilling testing device by the blind hole method is shown in figure 5, firstly, a strain gauge is pasted at a position to be tested by glue and connected with a cable, a sample piece is clamped on the table top of a T-shaped groove after the glue is dried completely, meanwhile, a dynamic strain gauge is used for measuring stress introduced by clamping, and when the stress introduced by a clamping system is more than 2MPa, the subsequent measurement can be started after the residual stress introduced by clamping is less than 2MPa by adjusting the pretightening force of a jacking clamp and a pressing clamp; the drilling spindle is moved to the position of the strain gauge accessory by using the drilling control system, and a strain gauge image can be observed through the binocular camera; at the moment, the positioning system can automatically determine the drilling position and then start the drilling process of single 0.05mm feeding, after each feeding is finished, the automatic testing system records strain data, and then the next feeding is repeated; and after the drilling depth reaches 2mm, drilling is finished, the binocular camera identifies the diameter of the drilled hole and automatically calculates the residual stress of the measuring point along the depth direction by combining strain data.
Drawings
FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 are schematic diagrams of a structure of an automatic drilling testing device for residual stress of a blind via method, FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a testing process of the automatic drilling testing device for residual stress of a blind via method
The symbols in fig. 1 are illustrated as follows:
(1) a base; (2) a T-shaped groove table surface; (3) a Y-axis slide rail; (4) a connecting member; (5) a Z-axis slide rail; (6) a lead screw motor; (7) an X-axis slide rail; (8) drilling a main shaft; (9) a shaft A reducer; (10) an A-axis drive motor; (11) a binocular camera; (12) compressing the clamp; (13) a sample piece; (14) tightly pushing the clamp; (15) jacking the bolt; (16) tightly propping the base; (17) and (6) tightening the pin.
The invention has the advantages of
(1) The angle of a main shaft of the drilling system of the device is adjustable around the X-axis direction, and planes with any angle can be drilled.
(2) The clamping system of the device clamps by adopting a method combining jacking and pressing, reduces the measurement error caused by clamping stress, and designs a novel jacking clamp.
(3) A positioning system of the device adopts an image recognition method to determine the center position of the strain gauge, so that the tool setting operation is simplified, and the tool setting accuracy is improved.
(4) The automatic testing system of the device can complete automatic drilling operation, and combines the image recognition technology to measure the actual bore diameter of the drilled hole, so as to correct the measurement errors caused by the position and the size of the drilled hole, and the measurement precision is higher.
(5) The testing process of the device has very high degree of automation, and compared with the existing drilling device, the device has the characteristics of simple operation, convenient use, wide application range, low cost and the like, reduces the measurement error from multiple aspects, and improves the accuracy of the measurement result.
Detailed Description
The invention designs an automatic drilling testing device for residual stress by a blind hole method. The drilling system comprises an X-axis slide rail, a Y-axis slide rail, a Z-axis slide rail, an A-axis motor, a drilling main shaft and a cutter, wherein the A-axis motor can control the X-axis slide rail to rotate around the X axis by +/-180 degrees, and the drilling system can perform drilling operation on any plane of a test sample piece; the clamping system consists of a T-shaped groove table surface, a jacking clamp, a pressing clamp and a sample piece, and clamping is carried out in a jacking and pressing mode, so that stress introduced by clamping can be reduced to the greatest extent, and measurement errors are reduced; the positioning system comprises a binocular camera and image recognition software, can automatically recognize the position of the strain gauge, calculate the coordinates of the drilling position and measure the aperture after the drilling is finished; the automatic test system comprises a strain gauge, a strain gauge and control software, automatic tool setting and automatic drilling are carried out according to the position of the strain gauge identified by an image, the drilling depth is 2mm, single feeding is 0.05mm, and after the drilling is finished, the residual stress of different depths and a surface layer of a sample piece is calculated by the software according to a strain value after each feeding and the actual drilling aperture measured by the image identification. The device can automatically measure the residual stress on any plane angle.
The drilling system structure comprises an X-axis slide rail (7), a Y-axis slide rail (3), a Z-axis slide rail (5), an A-axis driving motor (10), an A-axis speed reducer (9), a drilling spindle (8) and a drilling tool, wherein the position relations of the components are shown in figure 1. The Y-axis slide rails (3) are arranged on the left side and the right side of the base (1), and are driven by a screw motor in the middle; two Z-axis slide rails (5) are arranged on the slide block of the Y-axis slide rail by adopting a connecting piece (4); the left side of an A-axis reducer (9) is installed on a slide block of a left Z-axis slide rail, a right rotating shaft is installed on an X-axis slide rail (7), and an A-axis driving motor (10) is installed at the input of the A-axis reducer; the right side of the X-axis sliding rail (7) is arranged in a bearing on a sliding block of the right Z-axis sliding rail; a drilling main shaft (8) is arranged on a sliding block of the X-axis sliding rail; a lead screw motor is integrated on the sliding block of the X-axis sliding rail to control the sliding block to move left and right; and lead screw motors (6) of the Y-axis slide rail and the Z-axis slide rail are arranged on one side of the slide rails.
The clamping system comprises a T-shaped groove table top (2), a jacking clamp (14), a pressing clamp (12) and a sample (13), and the position relation of the components is shown in figures 1 and 3. The sample piece (13) is flatly placed on the table top (2) of the T-shaped groove, the left side face, the front side face and the rear side face of the sample piece (13) are respectively tightly propped by a propping clamp (14), and the right side face of the sample piece is tightly propped by a pressing clamp (12); the tightening clamp (14) comprises a tightening base (16), a tightening bolt (15) and a tightening pin (17), as shown in fig. 4. The jacking base is fixed on the table top (2) of the T-shaped groove by adopting a T-shaped bolt and a nut, and a jacking bolt (15) is rotated by an inner hexagonal wrench to apply jacking force, so that a jacking pin jacks a sample piece.
The positioning system comprises a binocular camera (11) and image recognition software. The cameras (11) are arranged on the left side and the right side of the spindle motor to form a binocular measuring system, and the image recognition software obtains three-dimensional space coordinates of the strain gauge by recognizing a strain gauge cross mark on the sample piece.
The automatic testing system comprises a strain gauge, a strain gauge and control software, wherein the control software automatically carries out tool setting operation according to the measured position of the strain gauge, and then carries out automatic drilling with 0.05mm feeding each time, and the hole depth is 2 mm; after drilling, the practical drilling diameter is obtained through the camera, and the residual stress of different depths and the surface layer of the sample piece is calculated by combining the strain value measured after feeding every time.
The control method of the blind hole method residual stress automatic drilling testing device is shown in fig. 5, and a drilling control system can control an X-axis slide rail motor, a Y-axis slide rail motor, a Z-axis slide rail motor and an A-axis motor, so that the movement of a drilling main shaft in the directions of an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis and the rotation around the X axis are realized, and the rotating speed of the drilling main shaft can be controlled; the positioning system acquires three-dimensional position coordinates of the strain gauge through the binocular camera, determines the position of a drilled hole, calculates a drilling strategy through the automatic test system and controls the drilling control system to perform drilling operation; meanwhile, the automatic test system can correct the residual stress measurement value according to the actual size of the bore hole diameter measured by the binocular camera.
The testing process of the blind hole method residual stress automatic drilling testing device is as follows: firstly, adhering a strain gauge to a position to be tested by using glue and connecting a cable, clamping a sample piece on the table top of a T-shaped groove after the glue is dried completely, simultaneously measuring stress introduced by clamping by using a dynamic strain gauge, and when the stress introduced by a clamping system is more than 2MPa, adjusting the pretightening force of a jacking clamp and a pressing clamp to enable the residual stress introduced by clamping to be less than 2MPa and then starting subsequent measurement; the drilling spindle is moved to a position near the strain gauge by using a drilling control system, and the strain gauge image can be observed through a binocular camera; at the moment, the positioning system can automatically determine the drilling position and then start the drilling process of single 0.05mm feeding, after the drilling depth reaches 2mm, the drilling is finished, the binocular camera identifies the drilling diameter and combines strain data to automatically calculate the residual stress of the measuring point along the depth direction, and the process is automatically finished without manual intervention.