CN113239324A - Snakehead sexual maturity degree judging method and judging system - Google Patents
Snakehead sexual maturity degree judging method and judging system Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/90—Sorting, grading, counting or marking live aquatic animals, e.g. sex determination
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a snakehead sexual maturity judging method, which comprises the following steps: 1. constructing a first training set training YOLACT model to obtain a snakehead top view segmentation model; constructing a second training set training YOLACT model to obtain a snakehead front view segmentation model; 2. establishing a discrimination model between the snakehead body size parameter and the sexual maturity; 3. constructing a measuring system, calibrating a camera therein, and obtaining a conversion ratio of the pixel size and the real size; 4. acquiring a top view and a front view of the snakehead by using a measuring system; acquiring the snakehead outer contour in the snakehead top view and the snakehead front view by adopting the snakehead top view segmentation model and the snakehead front view segmentation model; 5. and acquiring the physique size parameters of the snakeheads according to the outer contours of the snakeheads in the top view and the front view, and substituting the physique size parameters into a sexual maturity judging model to obtain the sexual maturity judging result of the detected snakeheads. The method does not need to dissect the snakehead, has no damage to the snakehead, has no professional requirement on operators, and can quickly judge the sexual maturity of the snakehead.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish culture, and particularly relates to a method and a system for distinguishing the sexual maturity of snakeheads by using machine vision.
Background
In nature, with the normal development of fish, the gonads of the fish can develop and mature by the breeding season, so that offspring can be bred. Under the condition of artificial breeding, artificial spawning is needed to avoid the condition that fishes cannot normally mature or fry can be produced in a batch mode by keeping male and female synchronization. The premise of artificial induced spawning is that the gonad maturity of the fish is accurately judged, and only parent fish reaching a certain development stage can smoothly lay eggs and discharge sperms after induced spawning.
Generally, the gonad can be divided into 6 stages, i.e. stage I, stage II, stage III, stage IV, stage V and stage VI, according to the standards of the size, color and luster of the gonad, the maturity of the ovum or the testis, and the like. The aquaculture general knowledge considers that only after the spermary and the ovary enter the V phase, normal spawning and sperm discharging can be carried out, and therefore fertilized eggs are obtained. The purpose of artificial induced spawning is to allow the gonads in stage IV to rapidly enter stage V. Many scholars claim that stage IV ovaries are divided into three small stages, IV1, IV2 and IV3, which are very important in carrying out artificial breeding work. In some fishes, oil drops on the oocyte in the IV1 stage are finely dispersed among yolk granules in the egg matter, the oil drops are not obvious when the whole live egg is observed under a dissecting mirror, and the yolk granules are enlarged; the oil drop of the oocyte in the IV2 stage is enlarged and concentrated to the periphery of the nucleus, and the yolk grains are larger and fused with each other; oil drops of the oocytes in the IV3 stage are merged, a plurality of fishes are merged into 1 oil drop, yolk grains are obviously merged, and the nucleuses are biased to animal poles. Many experiments prove that mature egg granules cannot be obtained by artificial estrus when the oocyte is in the stage IV1, and relatively mature egg granules can be obtained by artificial spawning only when the nucleus is eccentric to polarized in the stages IV2 and IV3, so that the spawning is successfully induced. The IV spermary of the fish can also be divided into an IV initial stage and an IV final stage, and the fish can rapidly enter the V stage only by induced spawning at the IV final stage. Therefore, the accurate judgment of whether the gonad of the parent fish is in the IV stage or not and which stage of the IV stage becomes the key of whether the artificial induced spawning is successful or not. However, in order to accurately judge the gonad maturity of fish by visual observation or other methods, fish must be dissected before development, and thus, it is not feasible in production. The snakehead has a characteristic body type, is cylindrical, shows obvious difference in the sizes of the abdomens of male and female parent fishes after the breeding season, and can be judged generally even by technicians with abundant experience according to the body types of the snakehead parent fishes, but errors can exist by depending on manual naked eyes.
In addition, some fish may have some special marks or may be identified by judgment, for example, in the chinese patent document "a method for identifying the sexual maturity of parent fish of schizothorax fish" with application number 201610116116.0, a method for identifying the caudal peduncles of the parent fish of the schizothorax fish by using a magnifying glass is disclosed, but this method only exists on some special fishes, and other fishes, especially snakeheads, cannot be used for reference.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a sex maturation judging method without damaging the fish body of the snakehead, which does not need to dissect the snakehead, has no damage to the snakehead, has no professional requirement on operators and can quickly judge the sex maturation degree of the snakehead.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a snakehead sexual maturity judging method on one hand, which comprises the following steps:
collecting a plurality of snakehead front views and calibrating the outer contour to form a second training set; training a YOLACT model by adopting a second training set to obtain a snakehead front view segmentation model;
On the other hand, the invention also discloses a snakehead sexual maturity judging system, which comprises:
the measuring system is used for collecting a snakehead overlook video and an orthographic video and comprises a fish tank and two cameras for respectively collecting the snakehead overlook video and the orthographic video;
the video image acquisition module is used for acquiring images in a video overlooked by the snakehead and an image in an orthographic video according to a set frequency;
the snakehead top view segmentation model is used for segmenting snakeheads in the top view;
the snakehead front view segmentation model is used for segmenting the snakehead in the front view;
the snakehead top view segmentation model and the snakehead front view segmentation model are both based on a YOLACT model;
the snakehead body size parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring snakehead body size parameters according to the outer contour of the snakehead in the top view and the front view;
the sexual maturity judging model is used for judging the sexual maturity according to the snakehead body size parameter;
has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the snakehead sexual maturity judging method disclosed by the invention has the following advantages: 1. the method is based on machine vision, the snakeheads do not need to be touched and dissected, and the snakeheads are not damaged; 2. the method disclosed by the invention constructs the discrimination model based on big data statistical analysis, has no professional and empirical requirements on operators, and is fast and accurate in discrimination.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for judging the sexual maturity of snakeheads disclosed by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing comparison of male snakeheads and female snakeheads in a breeding season;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a measurement system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the body width, body height and full length of a snakehead;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the abdominal circumference of a snakehead;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of the system for judging the sexual maturity of snakeheads disclosed by the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further elucidated with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Example 1:
the invention discloses a snakehead sexual maturity judging method, as shown in figure 1, comprising the following steps:
collecting a plurality of snakehead front views and calibrating the outer contour to form a second training set; training a YOLACT model by adopting a second training set to obtain a snakehead front view segmentation model;
the YOLACT model is an efficient real-time instance segmentation model, and the segmentation models of the top view and the front view of the snakehead are established by adopting the YOLACT model, so that the snakehead contour can be obtained in real time.
In the embodiment, snakehead top views with different angles are adopted to form a first training set, namely, the snakehead top views are all used in the first training set, but the positions and angles of snakeheads in different images are different, wherein the positions are determined by coordinates of center points of the snakeheads in image planes of the top views, and the angles are determined by rotation angles of symmetry axes of the snakeheads and coordinate axes of images of the top views.
Similarly, the snakehead front views with different angles form a second training set, and the snakehead front views in the second training set are all snakehead front views, but the position and the angle of the snakehead in different images are different, wherein the position is determined by the coordinate of the center point of the snakehead in the image plane of the front view, and the angle is determined by the rotation angle of the symmetry axis of the snakehead and the coordinate axis of the image of the front view.
the literature: the biology of toad passing through water reservoir snakeheads and its fishery use fresh water fishery [ J ]. fresh water fishery, 1995,18(4):7-10, and literature: the study on the dynamic population and the maximum sustained harvest of the Channa argus from Mataowu, Xiexian, Gong Shuangjiao, J aquatic biology newspaper, 1999,21(6):43-46, shows that the maturation coefficient reaches the maximum when the snakehead enters the breeding period, i.e. the gonad is in the IV period and the V period. The large maturation factor means that the ratio of the weight of the gonads to the weight after removal of the gonads is also large, and the abdomen becomes more enlarged in appearance. Considering normal production, it is not feasible to use the maturation factor directly (fish must be dissected and gonadal weighed and the body weight calculated after gonadal removal). Therefore, the invention determines the sexual maturity of the snakehead by establishing the relationship between the abdominal ratio and the sexual maturity. The method specifically comprises the following steps of:
step 2.1, measuring the abdominal body ratio of the female snakeheads and the male snakeheads in the breeding period respectively, and judging the sexual maturity stages of the female snakeheads and the male snakeheads by adopting a traditional method; the abdominal-body ratio is the ratio of the abdominal circumference of the snakehead to the body length; the body length is from the osculating end to the front end of the tail fin;
and 2.2, carrying out one-way ANOVA test by using a data analysis tool to obtain the critical point of the abdominal-to-body ratio of female and male black fishes at each stage of sexual maturity stage.
In the embodiment, 100 fish of each black fish are selected, the abdominal circumference and the body length are measured respectively, then dissection is carried out, and the development stage of the black fish is accurately judged by experts through visual observation, empirical judgment and microscope observation. Because the selected parent fishes are in the breeding stage, the gonads have already developed to the stage III or IV, and finally the female snakeheads are divided into 4 stages of III-IV, IV1, IV2 and IV3 (the stage III-IV, between the ovary boundary and the stage III-IV, the oil drops on the oocytes in the stage IV1 are not obvious, the oil drops of the oocytes in the stage IV2 are enlarged and concentrated to the periphery of the nucleus, and the oil drops of the oocytes in the stage IV3 are converged, and the nucleus is biased to the animal pole) according to the traditional method for fish gonad development staging. The male snakehead is divided into 3 stages of III-IV, early IV and late IV (III-IV, between seminal junction and III-IV; in the early IV, semen can not be extruded, primary spermatocyte can be seen on a spermary slice; in the late IV, semen can be extruded, and a few sperms appear in a spermary lumen). The abdominal to body ratio, i.e., the ratio of the length of the abdominal girth to the body length, was calculated for each fish and a one-way ANOVA test was performed using SPSS24.0, with the results shown in tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 3 Abdominal ratio of female snakehead in various stages of ovarian development
Note: the shoulder marks on the same column number are different in lower case letters indicating significant difference (P < 0.05). The same applies below.
TABLE 4 Abdominal body ratio of male snakehead at each stage of spermary development
Through comparative analysis, the abdominal-to-body ratio of the female snakehead ovary in the 4 stages of development is remarkably different from that in the IV1 stage in the III-IV stage and is also remarkably different from that in the IV2 stage and the IV3 stage respectively, but the difference between the IV2 stage and the IV3 stage is not remarkable, but the difference between the average values is also different. Therefore, the change of the abdominal circumference caused by the development of the ovary is a decisive factor for the abdominal ratio, and the developmental stage of the snakehead ovary can be judged according to the abdominal ratio of the female snakehead. For male snakeheads, the difference between the abdominal body ratios of 3 stages of the spermary development is obvious, so the development condition of the spermary can be judged according to the abdominal body ratios.
In this embodiment, the normal distribution of the abdominal-to-body ratio values at each stage of the testis and ovarian development is combined, and the less distributed values are removed, so as to obtain the distribution interval of the abdominal-to-body ratio values at each stage of the gonad development, which is specifically as follows:
for male snakeheads, when the abdominal ratio is more than or equal to 0.46, the maturity is the final stage of IV; when the abdominal body ratio is more than 0.46 and more than or equal to 0.43, the maturity is at the initial stage of IV; when the abdominal body ratio is less than 0.43, the maturity is III-IV.
For female snakeheads, when the abdominal ratio is more than or equal to 0.55, the maturity is IV3 stage; when the abdominal body ratio is more than 0.55 and more than or equal to 0.52, the maturity is IV2 stage; when the abdominal body ratio is more than 0.52 and more than or equal to 0.46, the maturity is IV1 stage; maturity is III-IV when the abdominal body ratio is less than 0.46.
For fish, the total length is from the kiss end to the tail fin tip end, and the body length is from the kiss end to the tail fin tip end. Based on the discrimination model, the body length of the snakehead needs to be acquired and the sex of the snakehead needs to be judged. The invention adopts a statistical analysis-based method to establish a linear relation between the body length and the full length of the snakehead and a discrimination model of the sex and the body size parameters of the snakehead. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(I) collecting the body length and the full length of a plurality of snakeheads, and performing linear regression analysis by using a statistical analysis tool to establish a linear relation between the body length and the full length of the snakeheads;
in this embodiment, the body length and the full length of 1000 snakeheads are collected, and the established linear relationship is as follows:
Lbody＝Lall/1.16 (1)
wherein L isbodyIs the body length of snakehead, LallThe length of the snakehead is the full length of the snakehead.
(II) establishing a discrimination model of the sex and the body size parameters of the snakeheads by adopting a statistical analysis method.
As shown in fig. 2, the abdomen of the male and female snakeheads in the breeding period is obviously different, the male snakeheads are generally longer and have relatively smaller body width, while the female snakeheads are relatively shorter and have larger body width, so that the male and female snakeheads can be judged according to the ratio of the body width to the body length. In this embodiment, statistical analysis is performed on 500 groups of male and female snakeheads respectively, and it is found that the ratio of the body width to the body length of 99.13% of male snakeheads is less than or equal to 0.17; and the ratio of the body width to the body length of 96.35% of female snakeheads is > 0.17. Therefore, the male and female can be judged according to the ratio of the body width to the body length of the snakehead, the snakehead is judged to be male when the body width is less than or equal to 0.17, and the snakehead is female when the body width is greater than 0.17. Namely:
ρ＝Wbody/Lbody (2)
if rho is less than or equal to 0.17, the male sex is selected; if ρ >0.17, it is female.
Calibrating the two cameras to obtain the conversion ratio of the pixel size to the real size; the invention has the following two calibration methods:
the method A comprises the following steps:
step 3.1A, placing a scale at the bottom of the fish tank, collecting a top view, and obtaining a conversion ratio of the pixel size of the top view to the real size according to the pixel size of the scale in the top view and the actual size of the scale;
and 3.2A, placing a scale on the front face of the fish tank, collecting a front view, and obtaining a conversion ratio of the front view pixel size and the real size according to the pixel size of the scale in the front view and the actual size of the scale.
The method B comprises the following steps:
step 3.1B, measuring the full length, the height and the width of the snakehead; putting the snakehead into a fish tank of a measuring system, and collecting a top view and a front view of the snakehead;
3.2B, segmenting the top view and the front view collected in the step 3.1B by adopting a snakehead top view segmentation model and a snakehead front view segmentation model to obtain the outer contour of the snakehead;
step 3.3.B, acquiring a circumscribed rectangle of the snakehead outer contour in the top view, and obtaining a conversion ratio of the pixel size in the horizontal and vertical coordinate direction in the top view to the real size according to the length and width pixel values of the rectangle and the measurement values of the snakehead total length and body width;
and 3.4B, obtaining a circumscribed rectangle of the snakehead outer contour in the front view, and obtaining a conversion ratio of the pixel size in the horizontal and vertical coordinate direction in the front view to the real size according to the length and width pixel values of the rectangle and the measured values of the snakehead total length and body height.
After the above steps 1-3, a measuring system and a calculation model have been established, and the following steps are steps for judging the sexual maturity of the snakehead.
As shown in fig. 4, the width of the circumscribed rectangle of the external outline of the snakehead in the top view is the pixel width of the snakehead; in the front view, the width of a circumscribed rectangle of the snakehead outer contour is the height of a snakehead pixel body, and the length of the circumscribed rectangle is the full length of the snakehead pixel body; according to the calibration result of the camera head,converting the pixel body width, the pixel body height and the pixel full length into the actual body width W of the snakeheadbodyHeight of human body HbodyTotal length Lall。
The body shape of the snakehead is stick-like and is approximately elliptical, as shown in fig. 5. Therefore, the ideal abdominal circumference length of the snakehead is calculated by using an elliptical formula. The length of one week of the abdomen, namely the length from the highest position of the fish body, is calculated by the following specific formula:
Abd＝2πb+4(a-b) (3)
wherein a is the height H of the snakehead body body1/2, b is the body width W of the snakehead body1/2 of (1);
the abdominal circumference length calculated according to the above formula is slightly larger than the actually measured abdominal circumference. The reason is that the abdominal circumference of the snakehead is not a regular ellipse, and the result of the calculation of the formula is only an approximate value. According to the method, through collecting abdominal circumference data of 500 groups of male fishes, the SPSS24.0 software is utilized to carry out correlation analysis between an actual measurement value and a calculated value, and the correlation is found to be remarkable; linear regression analysis was then performed using SPSS software to obtain the following functions: y is 1.025x +0.2131(y is the calculated abdominal circumference length, x is the actual measured length, and the square R of the correlation coefficient between x and y2＝0.9364)，
And correcting the calculated abdominal circumference length by using a formula so as to obtain more accurate abdominal circumference length.
Similarly, 500 groups of female fish data are collected for the above analysis, and a formula is obtained: 0.8299x +6.5326(y is the calculated abdominal circumference length, x is the actual measured length, and the square of the correlation coefficient R2＝0.892)
Based on the above analysis, the calculation result of equation (3) is corrected by:
the abdominal circumference length A 'of the snakehead is calculated'bd。
The whole steps of judging the maturity degree are as follows:
according to plan and front viewsObtaining the actual body width W of the snakehead by the division result and the calibration of the camerabodyHeight of human body Hbody、Lall；
Calculating the body length L of the snakehead according to the calculation formula (1)body；
Judging the sex of the snakehead according to the result of the calculation formula (2);
calculating the abdominal circumference length of the snakehead according to the calculation formulas (3) and (4) so as to obtain the abdominal-to-body ratio of the snakehead;
and (3) acquiring the sexual maturity stages corresponding to the abdominal body ratio according to the sexual maturity judging model established in the step (2) to obtain a final sexual maturity judging result.
Example 2:
in example 1, the degree of sexual maturity of a snakehead is determined by placing one snakehead in a fish tank. In order to accelerate the discrimination speed, a plurality of snakeheads can be placed in the fish tank. In this embodiment, 2 snakeheads are placed in the fish tank, and for the convenience of naked eye distinction, two snakeheads are large and small. In order to avoid overlapping of two snakeheads in the top view due to the positions of 2 snakeheads one above the other, the water level in the fish tank is set to be about the height of one snakehead.
In the front view, there may be a case where two fish are occluded, and the process is as follows:
(1) in the front view, when the big fish completely covers the body of the small fish, the big fish can be shown in the front view; in a corresponding top view, the big fish is close to the camera Cam2 for obtaining the front-view video, so that two fish are distinguished; the front view and the top view can completely acquire the outer contour of the big fish, so that the full length, the body width and the body height of the big fish are calculated;
(2) when the bodies of the two snakes are partially overlapped in the front view, the Yolcat model still divides the front view to divide 2 pictures of a complete contour and an incomplete contour, respectively calculates the ratio of the total length to the body width of the two snakes according to the two divided contours, judges whether the calculated ratio of the total length to the body width of the snakes is abnormal or not according to the range of the ratio of the total length to the body width of the normal snakes, judges that the contour division of the corresponding snakes is incomplete if the ratio of the total length to the body width of the snakes is abnormal, and discards corresponding data.
The range of the ratio of the total length to the body width of the normal snakehead is obtained through statistics, and specifically comprises the following steps: counting the ratio of the total length to the body width of the snakeheads, and calculating the average value
And (3) performing upper and lower limit expansion on the average value to obtain the range of the ratio of the total length to the body width of the normal snakehead:
wherein sigma1、σ2The extended values of the lower limit and the upper limit, respectively.
Because the fish can be shielded only in the front view, the front view and the top view are combined, two fish areas, one large fish area and one small fish area can be distinguished, the full length, the body width and the body height of the fish, of which the outer contour can be completely divided, are calculated in the front view, and the sexual maturity stages corresponding to the abdominal body ratio are obtained according to the established sexual maturity judging model, so that the final sexual maturity judging result is obtained.
Example 3:
the embodiment discloses a system for implementing the method for judging the sexual maturity of snakeheads in embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 6, the method includes:
the measuring system 1 is used for collecting a snakehead overlook video and an orthographic video, and comprises a fish tank 1 and two cameras Cam1 and Cam2 for respectively collecting the snakehead overlook video and the orthographic video;
the video image acquisition module 2 is used for acquiring images in a video overlooked by the snakehead and an image in an orthographic video according to a set frequency; in the embodiment, the frequency is set to be 1, namely, images of the overlook video and the front-view video are acquired at the same time every 1 second; in this embodiment, a function in OpenCV is used to process a video, and a video frame is acquired according to a set sampling frequency.
The snakehead top view segmentation model 3 is used for segmenting snakeheads in the top view;
a snakehead front view segmentation model 4 for segmenting the snakehead in the front view;
the snakehead top view segmentation model and the snakehead front view segmentation model are both based on a YOLACT model;
a snakehead body size parameter obtaining module 5, configured to obtain snakehead body size parameters according to the external contour of the snakehead in the top view and the front view, where the obtaining module includes:
the snakehead body length calculating module 5-1 is used for calculating the snakehead body length according to the snakehead full length and the established linear relation between the snakehead body length and the full length;
5-2 of a snakehead gender discrimination model; the sex judging device is used for judging the sex of the snakehead according to the snakehead body size parameter;
the snakehead abdominal circumference calculation module 5-3 is used for calculating the abdominal circumference length of the snakehead;
the sexual maturity judging model 6 is used for judging the sexual maturity according to the snakehead body size parameter;
the display module 7 is used for displaying the sex maturation judging process and the judging result of the snakehead according to the setting of the user;
and the data storage module 8 is used for storing the sex maturation judging process and the judging result of the snakeheads.
In this embodiment, two cameras Cam1 and Cam2 in the measurement system adopt fluorite cameras, which are connected to the internet through wifi, and after connection is successful, the user can log in the official website to inquire about the corresponding device number, appKey and secret. The local equipment acquires the accessToken according to the appKey and the secret, and can remotely connect with the camera through the accessToken to acquire a video picture of the camera. In fig. 6, cameras Cam1 and Cam2 acquire video streams, i.e., video data; the image is converted into an image through a video image acquisition module, namely Picture, a snakehead top view segmentation module and a snakehead front view segmentation module carry out segmentation processing on the image to obtain a segmentation result Seg, a snakehead body Size parameter acquisition module 5 calculates a snakehead body Size parameter Size Parm according to the segmentation result, and a Maturity judging model 6 judges the Maturity Maturity of the snakehead according to the body Size parameter Size Parm. The output of each module can be presented to a user through a display module, and the user can also set the output of a certain module to be displayed or hidden; the display module can perform remote display through a network.
The output of each module can also be stored in a data storage module, and the user can delete the stored data and the like according to the needs. In this embodiment, the data storage module is implemented by using a Sqlite3 SQL database, and each snakehead is used as a record in the database. After the data is stored, the data can be reviewed later.
Claims (10)
1. A snakehead sexual maturity degree distinguishing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, collecting a plurality of snakehead top views and calibrating the outer contour to form a first training set; training a YoLAST model by adopting a first training set to obtain a snakehead top view segmentation model;
collecting a plurality of snakehead front views and calibrating the outer contour to form a second training set; training a YOLACT model by adopting a second training set to obtain a snakehead front view segmentation model;
step 2, establishing a discrimination model between the snakehead body size parameter and the sexual maturity by adopting a statistical analysis method;
step 3, constructing a measuring system, wherein the measuring system comprises a fish tank and two cameras for respectively collecting the front view and the top view of the fish tank; calibrating the two cameras to obtain the conversion ratio of the pixel size to the real size;
step 4, collecting a top view and a front view of the snakehead by using a measuring system; acquiring the snakehead outer contour in the snakehead top view by adopting a snakehead top view segmentation model; acquiring the snakehead outer contour in the snakehead front view by adopting a snakehead front view segmentation model;
step 5, obtaining the snakehead body size parameters according to the outer contour of the snakehead in the top view and the front view; and substituting the body size parameters into a sexual maturity judging model to obtain a sexual maturity judging result of the detected snakehead.
2. The method for discriminating the degree of maturity of snakeheads according to claim 1, wherein said step 2 comprises:
step 2.1, measuring the abdominal body ratio of the female snakeheads and the male snakeheads in the breeding period respectively, and judging the sexual maturity stages of the female snakeheads and the male snakeheads by adopting a traditional method; the abdominal-body ratio is the ratio of the abdominal circumference of the snakehead to the body length;
and 2.2, carrying out one-way ANOVA test by using a data analysis tool to obtain the critical point of the abdominal-to-body ratio of female and male black fishes at each stage of sexual maturity stage.
3. The method for judging the sexual maturity of the snakehead in the step 3, wherein the step of calibrating the camera in the measuring system comprises the following steps:
step 3.1A, placing a scale at the bottom of the fish tank, collecting a top view, and obtaining a conversion ratio of the pixel size of the top view to the real size according to the pixel size of the scale in the top view and the actual size of the scale;
and 3.2A, placing a scale on the front face of the fish tank, collecting a front view, and obtaining a conversion ratio of the front view pixel size and the real size according to the pixel size of the scale in the front view and the actual size of the scale.
4. The method for judging the sexual maturity of the snakehead in the step 3, wherein the step of calibrating the camera in the measuring system comprises the following steps:
step 3.1B, measuring the full length, the height and the width of the snakehead; putting the snakehead into a fish tank of a measuring system, and collecting a top view and a front view of the snakehead;
3.2B, segmenting the top view and the front view collected in the step 3.1B by adopting a snakehead top view segmentation model and a snakehead front view segmentation model to obtain the outer contour of the snakehead;
step 3.3.B, acquiring a circumscribed rectangle of the snakehead outer contour in the top view, and obtaining a conversion ratio of the pixel size in the horizontal and vertical coordinate direction in the top view to the real size according to the length and width pixel values of the rectangle and the measurement values of the snakehead total length and body width;
and 3.4B, obtaining a circumscribed rectangle of the snakehead outer contour in the front view, and obtaining a conversion ratio of the pixel size in the horizontal and vertical coordinate direction in the front view to the real size according to the length and width pixel values of the rectangle and the measured values of the snakehead total length and body height.
5. The method for determining the degree of maturity of snakeheads according to claim 2, further comprising, before said step 5:
collecting the body length and the full length of a plurality of snakeheads, and performing linear regression analysis by using a statistical analysis tool to establish a linear relation between the body length and the full length of the snakeheads;
and (3) establishing a discrimination model of the sex and the body size parameters of the snakeheads by adopting a statistical analysis method.
6. The method for determining the sexual maturity of snakeheads according to claim 2, wherein the step 5 of calculating the abdominal circumference of snakeheads comprises the steps of:
calculate abdominal circumference estimate Abd：Abd＝2πb+4(a-b)；
Wherein a is the height H of the snakehead bodybody1/2, b is the body width W of the snakeheadbody1/2 of (1);
calculating the abdominal circumference correction value:
7. the method for determining the sexual maturity of a snakehead according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the width of a rectangle circumscribing the outline of the snakehead in a plan view is the pixel width of the snakehead; in the front view, the width of a circumscribed rectangle of the snakehead outer contour is the height of a snakehead pixel body, and the length of the circumscribed rectangle is the full length of the snakehead pixel body;
and according to the calibration result of the camera, converting the pixel body width, the pixel body height and the pixel full length into the actual body width, body height and full length of the snakehead.
8. A snakehead sexual maturity discrimination system is characterized by comprising:
the measuring system is used for collecting a snakehead overlook video and an orthographic video and comprises a fish tank and two cameras for respectively collecting the snakehead overlook video and the orthographic video;
the video image acquisition module is used for acquiring images in a video overlooked by the snakehead and an image in an orthographic video according to a set frequency;
the snakehead top view segmentation model is used for segmenting snakeheads in the top view;
the snakehead front view segmentation model is used for segmenting the snakehead in the front view;
the snakehead top view segmentation model and the snakehead front view segmentation model are both based on a YOLACT model;
the snakehead body size parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring snakehead body size parameters according to the outer contour of the snakehead in the top view and the front view;
and the sexual maturity judging model is used for judging the sexual maturity according to the snakehead body size parameters.
9. The snakehead sexual maturity discrimination system according to claim 8, further comprising:
the snakehead body length calculating module is used for calculating the snakehead body length according to the snakehead full length and the established linear relation between the snakehead body length and the full length;
a snakehead gender discrimination model; the sex judging device is used for judging the sex of the snakehead according to the snakehead body size parameter;
and the snakehead abdominal circumference calculation module is used for calculating the abdominal circumference length of the snakehead.
10. The snakehead sexual maturity discrimination system according to claim 8, further comprising:
a display module and/or a data storage module;
the display module is used for displaying the sex maturation judging process and the judging result of the snakehead according to the setting of a user;
the data storage module is used for storing the sex maturation distinguishing process and the distinguishing result of the snakeheads.
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