CN113237762B - Rock tension-compression ring shear test method - Google Patents
Rock tension-compression ring shear test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113237762B CN113237762B CN202110017356.6A CN202110017356A CN113237762B CN 113237762 B CN113237762 B CN 113237762B CN 202110017356 A CN202110017356 A CN 202110017356A CN 113237762 B CN113237762 B CN 113237762B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/22—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady torsional forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0021—Torsional
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0298—Manufacturing or preparing specimens
Abstract
The invention relates to a rock tension-compression ring shear test method. The sample method comprises the following steps: hoisting the shearing box to a tool machine, and preparing a sample on the tool machine; hoisting the shear box with the prepared sample to a rock tension-compression ring shear tester; when the axial pressure is loaded, operating a loading oil cylinder of the axial force executing mechanism, and applying the axial pressure to the shearing box to a set value; when the axial tension is loaded, operating a loading oil cylinder of the axial force executing mechanism, and applying the axial tension to the shearing box to a set value; when the torque is loaded, the spiral swinging cylinder of the torque executing mechanism is operated, and the torque is applied to the shearing box to a set value. The method has important significance for accurately obtaining the shear strength, the residual strength, the deformation and the shear strength under dynamic disturbance of the rock and improving and perfecting the constitutive relation of the rock.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical tests, and particularly relates to a rock tension and compression ring shear test method.
Background
The shear strength of the rock is one of important indexes for evaluating the mechanical properties of the rock, and the accurate acquisition of strength parameters has important practical significance for rock engineering.
Under the condition of earthquake or construction disturbance, the dynamic reaction of the rock mass is restricted by the structural plane to a great extent, so that the research on the dynamic characteristics, particularly the dynamic shearing characteristics, of the structural plane is an important prerequisite for the dynamic reaction analysis of the rock mass. The indoor test research of rock mass mechanics behavior is the premise and basis for constructing a rock mass constitutive model and carrying out engineering design numerical simulation, so that the indoor test of dynamic cyclic shear of a rock mass structural plane is carried out, and the generalization of seismic load or construction disturbance into cyclic shear load which applies different shear deformation rates to a rock mass structural plane sample under the control of a certain normal stress is an important method and way for solving the problems.
At present, instruments for testing dynamic shearing behaviors of rock mass structural planes at home and abroad are mainly limited to dynamic direct shear instruments, and the direct shear instruments generally comprise a normal loading device, a horizontal loading device, a shear box, a hydraulic control device, a data acquisition and processing device and the like.
Analyzing the existing direct shear test implementation mode, the normal stress is changed into off-axis stress along with the mutual dislocation of the upper and lower shear boxes in the shearing process of the rock, so that the normal stress is unstable; the original axial positive pressure is changed into off-axis pressure, so that the actual shearing surface deviates from the original preset ideal shearing surface, and the oblique shearing phenomenon occurs; meanwhile, the shearing area is changed continuously, so that the shearing stress is distributed unevenly; the dynamic changes of the normal stress and the shear stress cause the main stress to deflect; under the influence of the edge effect of the rigid shear box, the strain of the sample close to the edge of the shear box is the largest, the strain of the middle part is small, so the shear strain distribution is also uneven, the shear displacement is displayed by the length of the shear box, the shear distance is small, and the accuracy of the test result is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a rock tension and compression ring shear test method so as to improve the accuracy of test results.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
a rock tension compression ring shear test method, the test method comprising:
hoisting the shear box with the prepared sample to a rock tension-compression ring shear tester;
when the axial pressure is loaded, a loading oil cylinder of the axial force executing mechanism is operated, and the axial pressure is applied to the shearing box to a set value;
when the axial tension is loaded, operating a loading oil cylinder of the axial force executing mechanism, and applying the axial tension to the shearing box to a set value;
when the torque is loaded, the spiral swinging cylinder of the torque executing mechanism is operated, and the torque is applied to the shearing box to a set value.
Further, the rock tension compression ring shear tester comprises:
a base;
the axial force executing mechanism comprises a loading oil cylinder and a guide torsion resistant plate, the loading oil cylinder is fixedly arranged on one side of the top of the base, the output end of the loading oil cylinder makes linear reciprocating motion, and the guide torsion resistant plate is arranged on the output end of the loading oil cylinder;
the torsion executing mechanism comprises a spiral swinging cylinder and a torsion shaft, the spiral swinging cylinder is arranged on the other side of the top of the base, the output end of the spiral swinging cylinder performs rotary motion, the torsion shaft is arranged on the output end of the spiral swinging cylinder, and the torsion shaft and the guide torsion plate are arranged oppositely;
a shear box comprising a first box and a second box, both internally annular, the first box being removably disposed on a side of the torsion bar facing the torsion shaft, the second box being removably disposed on a side of the torsion shaft facing the torsion bar, the first and second boxes being operably coupled.
Furthermore, the two side surfaces of the first box body and the second box body in the width direction are straight surfaces, and the bottoms of the first box body and the second box body are arc-shaped;
a second positioning groove is formed in the side face, facing the torsion shaft, of the guide torsion-resistant plate, the top of the second positioning groove is open, two vertical sides of the second positioning groove are arranged in parallel, the bottom of the first positioning groove is arc-shaped, and the first box body is arranged in the second positioning groove in a sliding fit manner;
the side, facing the guide torsion-resistant plate, of the torsion shaft is provided with a third positioning groove, the top of the third positioning groove is open, two vertical sides of the third positioning groove are arranged in parallel, the bottom of the third positioning groove is arc-shaped, and the second box body is arranged in the third positioning groove in a sliding fit mode.
Furthermore, the shearing box further comprises a sealing sleeve, the sealing sleeve is arranged between the first box body and the second box body, one axial end of the sealing sleeve is fixedly sleeved on the first box body, and the second box body is rotatably arranged at the other axial end of the sealing sleeve.
Furthermore, the tester also comprises an axial loading sensor and a torque sensor, wherein the axial loading sensor is arranged at the output end of the loading oil cylinder, and the torque sensor is arranged on a torsion shaft connected with the output end of the spiral swinging cylinder.
Furthermore, the torsion executing mechanism further comprises a rotary disk seat, the rotary disk seat is fixedly arranged on the base, the rotary disk seat and the guide torsion resistant plate are arranged oppositely, a rotary encoder is coaxially arranged on the wheel disk, and the torsion shaft can rotatably penetrate through the rotary disk seat.
Furthermore, the axial force executing mechanism further comprises a first fixing seat and a plurality of guide pull rods, the first fixing seat is fixedly arranged on one side of the top of the base, the fixing end of the loading oil cylinder is fixedly arranged in the first fixing seat, the guide pull rods are arranged in a plurality of groups, the guide pull rods are arranged on two sides of the loading oil cylinder in two groups, each guide pull rod is arranged in parallel with the axial direction of the loading oil cylinder, one end of each guide pull rod is fixedly arranged on the first fixing seat, the other end of each guide pull rod penetrates through the guide torsion resistant plate, and the other end of each guide pull rod is fixedly connected to the rotary disc seat.
Furthermore, a rotatable wheel disc is arranged on the side surface of one side, back to the guide torsion-resistant plate, of the rotating disc seat, and the wheel disc is connected with the torsion shaft through a belt pulley.
Further, the torsion executing mechanism further comprises a second fixed seat, the second fixed seat is fixedly arranged on the other side of the top of the base, the spiral swinging cylinder is fixedly arranged on the second fixed seat, and the second fixed seat is connected with the top of the rotating disc seat and the side parts of the two width directions through protection plates.
Further, the torsion shaft is connected with the output end of the spiral swinging cylinder through a coupler.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a rock tension and compression ring shear test method, wherein the interior of a shear box of a tester is annular, a sample adopted in the test is annular, and the rock is uniformly stressed and deformed on a shear surface in a torsion applying mode; meanwhile, axial tension, axial pressure and torque can be applied, tests of static or dynamic tension, compression, annular shear and mutual coupling of the rock are realized, the shear strength, residual strength, deformation and shear strength under dynamic disturbance of the rock are accurately obtained, and the constitutive relation of the rock is improved and perfected, so that the method has important significance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a shear box of the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a rock circular shear test machine according to the embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a rear view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic bottom view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a rock tension-compression ring shear tester according to this embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a rock tension compression ring shear tester with a protective plate;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the pilot torsion bar of FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is an end schematic view of the twist-axle of FIG. 6;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a rotating disk base of the present embodiment;
fig. 11 is a schematic flow chart of a rock tension compression ring shear test method according to this embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the prior art, the defects of the direct shear apparatus are all caused by eccentric stress of the sample, and the defects can be fundamentally solved as long as the eccentric stress phenomenon of the sample can be solved. This application solves the eccentric atress phenomenon of sample through the mode that utilizes the ring to cut. The ring shear test is a hollow torsional shear test, can keep the shear area constant, can realize larger shear displacement, and most importantly, the normal stress is stably applied, so that the influence of the test equipment on the normal load is eliminated.
First, the present embodiment provides a shear box, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the shear box of the present embodiment, and with reference to fig. 1, the shear box 8 of the present embodiment includes a first box 8.1 and a second box 8.2, the first box 8.1 includes a first plate 8.1a and a first cylinder 8.1b, the first cylinder 8.1b is disposed on a side surface of the first plate 8.1a, an outer side end of the first plate 8.1a is provided with a first groove, the first groove is annular, the second box 8.2 includes a second plate 8.2a and a second cylinder 8.2b, the second plate 8.2a and the first plate 8.1a are disposed oppositely, the second cylinder 8.2b is disposed on a side surface of the second plate 8.2a facing the first plate 8.1a, the second cylinder 8.2b is butted with the first plate 8.1a, an outer side end of the second cylinder 8.2b is provided with a second groove, the second groove is annular, and the second groove is a ring-shaped groove, so that the test sample is prepared when the test sample is in a test socket.
In this embodiment, the two side surfaces of the first plate 8.1a of the first box 8.1 and the first plate 8.2a of the second box 8.2 in the width direction are straight surfaces, the bottoms of the first plate 8.1a of the first box 8.1 and the first plate 8.2a of the second box 8.2 are arc-shaped, and the tops of the first plate 8.1a of the first box 8.1 and the first plate 8.2a of the second box 8.2 are provided with a hanging ring 19 for connecting with a lifting device.
Combine fig. 2, in this embodiment, first barrel 8.1b of first box body 8.1 and second barrel 8.2b of second box body 8.2 all are provided with injecting glue hole 8.18, injecting glue hole 8.18 on every box body all has a plurality ofly, a plurality of injecting glue holes 8.18 set up around the center pin interval of corresponding box body, make a plurality of injecting glue holes 8.18 wholly be annular, every injecting glue hole 8.18 communicates with each other with sample mounting groove 8.3, when injecting glue through injecting glue hole 8.18 to sample mounting groove 8.3, can guarantee to inject the homogeneity of the colloid in the sample mounting groove 8.3.
Based on above-mentioned shear box, this embodiment still provides a ring shear test frock machine.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a ring shear test tooling machine according to this embodiment, and with reference to fig. 3, the tooling machine according to this embodiment includes a base 1, a workbench 2, a guide rail 3, and a positioning seat 4.
Referring to fig. 3, the base 1 of the present embodiment is formed in a box shape as a whole, and a pillar 5 is provided at the bottom of the base 1 to fix the tooling machine at an operation site.
Referring to fig. 3, the top of the base 1 of the present embodiment is provided with a through hole 6 matching with the table 2, the table 2 is disposed in the through hole 6, and the table 2 is operatively arranged on the top of the base 1 in a reversed manner.
With reference to fig. 3, in this embodiment, two guide rails 3 are provided, two guide rails 3 are transversely and oppositely disposed on the workbench 2, two positioning seats 4 are also provided, two positioning seats 4 are longitudinally and oppositely disposed on the workbench 2, the two positioning seats 4 are slidably disposed on the two guide rails 3, the opposite side surfaces of the two positioning seats 4 are both provided with first positioning grooves 7, and the top surfaces of the first positioning grooves 7 are open.
When preparing the sample through the ring shear test machine that this embodiment provided, earlier two positioning seats 4 separate, again with two box bodys respectively from the top hoist of first positioning groove 7 to the first positioning groove 7 of two positioning seats 4, afterwards, place the sample in two shear box 8, operate two positioning seat relative motion, make two 8 butt joints of shear box, again from the injecting glue hole injecting glue on the shear box 8, a period of time stews, wait to pour into and accomplish the preparation of sample promptly after 8 inside gelatinization of shear box is solid.
Because two positioning seats 4 of this embodiment are along vertical relative setting on workstation 2, and, two positioning seats 4 all can slide and set up on two guided way 3, two guided way 3 are along horizontal relative setting on workstation 2, therefore, this embodiment is when the preparation sample, but direct operation positioning seat 4 slides on guided way 3, can guarantee sample and the accurate location of cuting box 8, and the bonding is firm, the laminating is even, can effectively improve the efficiency and the success rate of ring shear test.
With reference to fig. 3, in this embodiment, two sets of sliders 10 are transversely and oppositely disposed at the bottom of each positioning seat 4, and the two sets of sliders 10 are slidably sleeved on the corresponding guide rails 3, so as to realize the sliding arrangement of the positioning seats 4 on the guide rails 3.
With reference to fig. 3, the tooling machine of this embodiment further includes a driving mechanism 9 for driving the positioning seat 4 to slide on the guide rail 3, where the driving mechanism 9 and the positioning seat 4 are correspondingly disposed, that is, the driving mechanism 9 is operated to drive the corresponding positioning seat 4 to slide on the guide rail 3.
With reference to fig. 3, the driving mechanism 9 of the present embodiment includes a first supporting seat 901 and a screw rod 902, wherein the first supporting seat 901 is disposed outside the corresponding positioning seat 4, the screw rod 902 is disposed between the two guide rails 3 in parallel, one end of the screw rod 902 is rotatably disposed on the first supporting seat 901, and the corresponding positioning seat 4 is disposed on the other end of the screw rod 902, so that the rotation of the screw rod 902 is operated to drive the positioning seat 4 to slide on the guide rails 3.
Referring to fig. 3, one end of the screw 902 of the present embodiment rotatably passes through the first supporting seat 901, and a hand wheel 903 is disposed at one end of the screw 901, so as to facilitate manual operation of the screw 902.
This embodiment only so chooses the manual work to the operation of lead screw 902 because the shearing box is overweight excessively, if adopt motor drive, can increase the weight of processing installation, is unfavorable for the removal of processing installation and the upset of workstation 2.
Further, referring to fig. 3, in this embodiment, a bearing sleeve 904 is disposed on a side of the positioning seat 4 facing the first supporting seat 901, a bearing is disposed in the bearing sleeve 904, and the other end of the screw 902 passes through the bearing and is connected to the positioning seat 4.
In this embodiment, the vertical both sides parallel arrangement of first constant head tank 7 to cut box 8 to the direction of first constant head tank 7 to the hoist and mount, and the bottom of first constant head tank 7 is the arc, in order to adapt to the assembly of cutting box 8, guarantees that the assembly of cutting box 8 in the first constant head tank 7 that corresponds is stable.
In the embodiment, when a ring shear test is performed on a sample containing a structural surface of a filling body, in order to avoid the slippage and deformation of the filling body before the test, the filling machine needs to be horizontally placed when the sample is prepared and a shear box is bonded on a tooling machine, so that the slippage and deformation before the test are avoided. When the filling body is placed in a testing machine for a ring shear test, the filling body is vertical or placed at a certain included angle with a shear plane, so that the tool machine is required to turn over the shear box and can keep a specific angle. Based on this, the working platform 2 is arranged in a reversible way in the embodiment. In addition, when the colloid is injected into the shear box 8, the operation table 2 may be rotated to flow the colloid in the shear box 8, thereby further improving the uniformity of the colloid in the shear box 8. In addition, the turnover that the workstation 2 that can overturn and set up also is favorable to the turnover of frock machine, when needs have the frock machine turnover, can take in 2 components upset to base 1 on the workstation with workstation 2, reduce the overall dimension of frock machine to the turnover of the machine of making things convenient for.
With reference to fig. 3, the tooling machine of this embodiment further includes two second supporting seats 11, two rotating mechanisms 12 and two driving rods 13, where the two second supporting seats 11 are transversely and oppositely disposed on the worktable 2, the rotating mechanisms 12 are fixedly disposed on the top surface of the base 1, the output ends of the rotating mechanisms 12 can rotate, one end of the driving rod 13 is connected to the output end of the rotating mechanism 12, and the other end of the driving rod 13 sequentially and fixedly penetrates through the two second supporting seats 11. The rotation of the rotating mechanism 12 is controlled, so that the driving rod 13 can drive the workbench 2 to turn to a specific angle.
The rotating mechanism 12 of the present embodiment is preferably a rotating cylinder having a stable driving force, and after the table 2 is tilted to a specific angle, the table 2 is stably maintained to the specific angle by controlling an oil path of the rotating cylinder.
Fig. 4 is a rear view schematically shown in fig. 3, and referring to fig. 3 and 4, in order to further stably maintain the working table 2 at a specific angle, the tooling machine of the present embodiment further includes a third supporting seat 14, a positioning plate 15 and a positioning rod 16, wherein the third supporting seat 14 is disposed on the top of the base 1, the third supporting seat 14 and the rotating mechanism 12 are disposed on two lateral sides of the working table 2, the other end of the driving rod 13 is rotatably disposed on the third supporting seat 14, a plurality of first positioning holes are disposed on an end surface of the third supporting seat 14, the plurality of first positioning holes are arranged in a ring shape, the positioning plate 15 is fixedly disposed on the other end of the driving rod 13, the positioning plate 15 is disposed outside the third supporting seat 14, the positioning plate 15 is provided with a plurality of second positioning holes 17, the plurality of second positioning holes 17 are arranged in a ring shape, the second positioning holes 17 and the first positioning holes are disposed correspondingly, and when the working table 2 is turned over to a specific angle, the positioning rod 16 is selectively inserted into one of the first positioning holes and one of the second positioning holes 17, so as to fixedly connect the positioning plate 15 to the third supporting seat 14, further stably maintain the specific angle, and to improve the working table 2.
In this embodiment, the positioning rod 16 may be provided in plural, and the positioning plate 15 may be fixedly connected to the third support seat 14 by the plural positioning rods 16 in a bolt manner, so as to further improve safety.
Fig. 5 is a schematic bottom view of fig. 3, and with reference to fig. 3 and fig. 5, in this embodiment, since the working platform 2 of this embodiment is operably disposed on the top of the base 1 in a reversed manner, in order to ensure the safety of the experimental preparation, a supporting plate 18 is disposed in the base 1, and the supporting plate 18 is disposed at the lower portion of the working platform 2 along the longitudinal direction, when the experimental preparation is performed, the supporting plate 18 can support the working platform 2, so as to prevent the phenomenon that the working platform is turned over due to unbalanced stress caused by the movement of the two positioning bases 4 on the working platform 2.
Further, the two ends of the supporting plate 18 of the present embodiment can movably penetrate through the two longitudinal sides of the base 1, and when the workbench is turned over, the supporting plate 18 can be pulled out from the base 1, so as to facilitate the turning over of the workbench.
Of course, the supporting plate 18 of the present embodiment may be provided in plural, and may be arranged in parallel or in a crossed manner, and the present embodiment does not limit this.
Based on above-mentioned shear box, this embodiment still provides a rock draws pressure ring shear test appearance.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a rock tension and compression ring shear tester of this embodiment, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a rock tension and compression ring shear tester with a protection plate, and with reference to fig. 6 and 7, the rock tension and compression ring shear tester of this embodiment includes a base 21, an axial force actuator 22, a torsion actuator 23, and the shear box 8.
The base 21 of this embodiment is a substrate, which is a carrier for the rest of the components on the rock tension-compression ring shear tester, and the whole of the base may be a block or a box, which is not limited in this embodiment.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the axial force actuator 22 of the present embodiment includes a loading cylinder 22.1 and a guiding torsion plate 22.2, the loading cylinder 22.1 is fixedly disposed on one side of the top of the base 21, an output end of the loading cylinder 22.1 makes a linear reciprocating motion, and the guiding torsion plate 22.2 is disposed on an output end of the loading cylinder 22.1.
The loading cylinder 22.1 of the embodiment can be a dynamic loading cylinder.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the torque actuator 23 of the present embodiment includes a spiral oscillating cylinder 23.1 and a torsion shaft 23.2, the spiral oscillating cylinder 23.1 is disposed on the other side of the top of the base 21, the output end of the spiral oscillating cylinder 23.1 performs a rotational motion, the torsion shaft 23.2 is disposed on the output end of the spiral oscillating cylinder 23 through a coupling 23.9, and the torsion shaft 23.2 is disposed opposite to the guiding torsion plate 22.2.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the first box 8.1 of the shear box 8 of the present embodiment is detachably disposed on the side of the torsion guide 22.2 facing the torsion shaft 23.2, the second box 8.2 is detachably disposed on the side of the torsion shaft 23.2 facing the torsion guide 22.2, and the first box 8.1 and the second box 8.2 are operatively abutted.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the guiding torsion-resistant plate in fig. 6, with reference to fig. 6, fig. 7 and fig. 8, in this embodiment, a second positioning groove 22.3 is disposed on a side surface of the guiding torsion-resistant plate 22.2 facing the torsion shaft 23.2, a top of the second positioning groove 22.3 is open, two vertical sides of the second positioning groove 22.3 are disposed in parallel, a bottom of the second positioning groove 22.3 is arc-shaped, the first box body 8.1 is slidably disposed in the second positioning groove 22.3, when the first box body 8.1 is hoisted into the second positioning groove 22.3, the two vertical sides of the second positioning groove 22.3 can guide hoisting, and a bottom of the second positioning groove 22.3 is arc-shaped, so as to ensure stability of the first box body 8.1 assembled in the second positioning groove 22.3.
Fig. 9 is a schematic end view of the torsion shaft of fig. 6, and with reference to fig. 6, 7 and 9, in this embodiment, a third positioning groove 23.3 is formed on a side surface of the torsion shaft 23.2 facing the guide torsion plate 22.2, two vertical sides of the third positioning groove 23.3 are arranged in parallel, a bottom of the third positioning groove 23.3 is arc-shaped, and the second box 8.2 is slidably fitted in the third positioning groove 23.3. When hoisting the second box body 8.2 to the third positioning groove 23.3, the vertical both sides of the third positioning groove 23.3 can guide the hoisting, and the bottom of the third positioning groove 23.3 is arc-shaped, so that the stability of the assembly of the second box body 8.2 in the third positioning groove 23.3 can be ensured.
Referring to fig. 6, in this embodiment, the tester further includes an axial load sensor 22.4 and a torque sensor 23.4, the axial load sensor 22.4 is disposed at the output end of the load cylinder 22.1 for testing and obtaining the output value of the load cylinder 22.1, and the torque sensor 23.4 is disposed at the torsion shaft 23.2 connected to the output end of the spiral oscillating cylinder 23.1 for testing and obtaining the output value of the spiral oscillating cylinder 23.1.
Referring to fig. 6, in this embodiment, the torque actuator 23 further includes a rotating base 23.5, the rotating base 23.5 is fixedly disposed on the base 21, the rotating base 23.5 is disposed opposite to the guiding torsion plate 22.2, the torque shaft 23.3 rotatably passes through the rotating base 23.5, and the rotating base 23.5 can support the rotation of the torque shaft 23.3.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the rotating disk seat of the embodiment, and in combination with fig. 10, in the embodiment, a rotatable disk 23.6 is arranged on a side surface of the rotating disk seat 23.5 facing away from the guide torsion bar 23.2, a rotary encoder 23.8 is coaxially mounted on the disk 23.6, the disk 23.6 and the torsion shaft 23.3 are connected through a pulley 23.7, and the shear angle of the sample can be obtained through transmission of the disk 23.6 and the pulley 23.7.
With reference to fig. 6 and 7, the axial force actuator 22 of this embodiment further includes a first fixing seat 22.5 and a plurality of guide pull rods 22.6, the first fixing seat 22.5 is fixedly disposed on one side of the top of the base 21, the fixing end of the loading cylinder 22.1 is fixedly disposed in the first fixing seat 22.5, the plurality of guide pull rods 22.6 are disposed on two sides of the loading cylinder 22.1 in two groups, each guide pull rod 22.6 is disposed in parallel to the axial direction of the loading cylinder 22.1, one end of each guide pull rod 22.6 is fixedly disposed on the first fixing seat 22.5, the other end of each guide pull rod 22.6 penetrates through the guide torsion resistant plate 22.2, the other end of each guide pull rod 22.6 is fixedly connected to the rotation disc seat 23.5, and during the loading cylinder 22.1 drives the guide plate 22.2 to move back and forth, the guide pull rods 22.6 are disposed to provide a guide for the guide torsion resistant plate 22.2 to move back and forth.
In this embodiment, the guide torsion resistant plate 22.2 is provided with a self-lubricating guide device in the hole through which the guide pull rod 22.6 passes, so that the guide torsion resistant plate slides along the direction of the guide pull rod 22.6 without friction, and the transmission of axial load is realized. When torque is applied, the position of the first box body 8.1 is fixed, torque reaction force is transmitted to the guide pull rod 22.6 through the guide torsion resistant plate 22.2, then transmitted to the first fixed seat 22.5 through the guide pull rod 22.6, and finally transmitted to the base 21, so that the guide torsion resistant plate 22.2 plays a role in compressing and stretching the test box, and plays a role in torsion resistant guide so as to realize independent or mixed loading of axial (tension and pressure).
With reference to fig. 6 and 7, the torque actuator 23 of this embodiment further includes a second fixing seat 23.7, the second fixing seat 23.7 is fixedly disposed on the other side of the top of the base 21, the spiral oscillating cylinder 23.1 is fixedly disposed on the second fixing seat 23.7, the top of the second fixing seat 23.7 and the top of the rotating disk seat 23.5 and the side portions of the two width directions are connected through a protection plate 20, and the output end of the spiral oscillating cylinder 23.1 rotates, so that the safety of the test can be improved by the arrangement of the protection plate 20.
In this embodiment, each protection plate 20 may be provided with an observation port 24 for understanding the working condition during the test.
Finally, based on the tool machine and the tester, the embodiment also provides a rock tension and compression ring shear test method.
Fig. 11 is a schematic flow chart of a rock tension-compression ring shear test method according to this embodiment, and with reference to fig. 11, the test method includes:
s1: hoisting the shearing box to a machine tool, and preparing a sample on the machine tool, wherein the specific steps are described above, and the detailed description is omitted in this embodiment;
s2: the shear box with the prepared sample is hoisted to a rock tension and compression ring shear tester, the shear box can be hoisted integrally by devices such as a crane, after being hoisted to the tester, the shear box is arranged in the second positioning groove of the guide torsion plate, the second box is arranged in the third positioning groove of the torsion shaft, and if the shear box is used for a compression torsion shear test, the shear box does not need to be fixed, so that the test installation steps are simplified. If the tension torsion shear test is carried out, the first box body and the guide torsion resistant plate need to be fixed by threads, and the second box body and the torsion shaft also need to be fixed by bolts;
s3: when axial pressure is loaded, a loading oil cylinder of the axial force executing mechanism is operated, and the axial pressure is applied to the shearing box to a set value, specifically: the method comprises the following steps that oil is conveyed to a rodless cavity of a loading oil cylinder through a hydraulic servo pump, a piston rod of the loading oil cylinder is pushed to move, axial pressure is applied, the axial pressure is continuously loaded until a loading sensor reaches a set value, and when a test is finished and the axial pressure needs to be unloaded, the oil is conveyed to a rod cavity of the loading oil cylinder through the hydraulic servo pump, and the piston rod is pushed to return;
s4: when loading axial tension, operating the loading oil cylinder of the axial force actuating mechanism, and applying the axial tension to the shearing box to a set value, specifically: when the axial tension is loaded, the hydraulic servo pump is used for conveying oil to the rod cavity of the loading oil cylinder, the piston rod of the loading oil cylinder is pushed to move, the axial tension is applied, the axial tension is continuously loaded until the loading sensor reaches a set value, and when the axial tension is required to be unloaded after the test is finished, the hydraulic servo pump is used for conveying oil to the rodless cavity of the loading oil cylinder, and the piston rod is pushed to return;
s5: when loading torque, operating the spiral swinging cylinder of the torque executing mechanism, and applying the torque to the shearing box to a set value, specifically: the oil is delivered to the spiral oscillating cylinder through the hydraulic servo pump, the piston moves linearly along the spiral rod and rotates under the action of the hydraulic pressure of the spiral oscillating cylinder, the spiral rod with the output shaft rotates along with the piston, torque is applied until the torque sensor reaches a set value, and the oil pressure of the spiral oscillating cylinder is unloaded when a test is finished.
And (5) after the test is finished and the rock sample needs to be taken out, hoisting the test box by a hoisting machine. If the tension-shear test is carried out, the bolts for connecting the flange plate of the test box with the torsion resistant plate and the rotating shaft are firstly disassembled, and then the test box is hung and moved. And then, separating the rock sample from the test box by adopting a high-temperature heating mode, and cleaning the residual colloid of the test box by using a sol agent.
The reason why the mechanism for supplying torque in the present embodiment is the spiral oscillating cylinder is: the spiral oscillating cylinder is a special hydraulic cylinder which realizes rotary motion by utilizing a large spiral pair with a large spiral lead angle, a spiral rod of an output shaft is fixed with a cylinder body, spiral teeth on the inner surface of a piston are meshed with spiral teeth of the spiral rod, and the surface shape of the spiral rod of the output shaft is the same as the outer surface shape of the piston. Therefore, when the piston is under the action of the hydraulic pressure in the rotating sleeve, the piston moves linearly along the spiral rod and rotates, and the spiral rod with the output shaft also rotates along with the piston. Whereby a swinging movement is achieved. The spiral oscillating cylinder has the advantages of compact structure, safety, reliability, small occupied space, easy design, large output torque and oscillating angle and the like.
The advantages of this embodiment are:
the rock tension and compression ring shear tester has the characteristics of simple structure and convenience in operation, and the axial force executing mechanism formed by the loading oil cylinder, the axial force sensor, the guide torsion resistant plate and the guide pull rod has the advantages of high control precision, the functions of loading and measuring tension and pressure, large output load value and the like. The guide torsion-resistant plate is fixedly connected with the output end of the loading oil cylinder, a sliding guide structure formed by the guide torsion-resistant plate and the guide pull rod plays roles of a compression test box and a tensile test box and also plays a role of torsion resistance and guidance, so that the axial load and the torque are independently and coupled to be applied, and the stability of the whole rock tension and compression ring shear tester and the stability of load application in the test loading process are ensured.
In conclusion, the method has the advantages of being accurate in control, easy to operate, small in error and high in test accuracy, greatly improving test efficiency and success rate, achieving tests of rock tension, compression, ring shear and mutual coupling, and having important significance in accurately obtaining rock shear strength, residual strength and deformation and improving and perfecting constitutive relation of rocks.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only for convenience of description of the invention, and are not intended to limit the invention in any way, and those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A rock tension and compression ring shear test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the shearing box is hoisted to a tooling machine, a sample is prepared on the tooling machine, the tooling machine comprises two second supporting seats, two rotating mechanisms and a driving rod, the two second supporting seats are transversely and oppositely arranged on a workbench, the rotating mechanisms are fixedly arranged on the top surface of a base, the output end of each rotating mechanism can rotate, one end of each driving rod is connected with the output end of each rotating mechanism, and the other end of each driving rod sequentially and fixedly penetrates through the two second supporting seats; a support plate is arranged in the base and is longitudinally arranged at the lower part of the workbench, and when in test preparation, the support plate can support the workbench to prevent the workbench from overturning;
the tooling machine further comprises a third supporting seat, a positioning disc and a positioning rod, wherein the third supporting seat is arranged at the top of the base, the third supporting seat and the rotating mechanism are oppositely arranged at two transverse sides of the workbench, the other end of the driving rod is rotatably arranged on the third supporting seat, a plurality of first positioning holes are formed in the end face of the third supporting seat and are annularly arranged, the positioning disc is fixedly arranged at the other end of the driving rod and is arranged on the outer side of the third supporting seat, a plurality of second positioning holes are formed in the positioning disc and are annularly arranged, the second positioning holes and the first positioning holes are correspondingly arranged, and after the workbench is turned to a specific angle, the positioning rod selectively penetrates through one first positioning hole and one second positioning hole to fixedly connect the positioning disc on the third supporting seat;
hoisting the shear box with the prepared sample to a rock tension-compression ring shear tester;
when the axial pressure is loaded, operating a loading oil cylinder of the axial force executing mechanism, and applying the axial pressure to the shearing box to a set value;
when the axial tension is loaded, operating a loading oil cylinder of the axial force executing mechanism, and applying the axial tension to the shearing box to a set value;
when the torque is loaded, operating a spiral swinging cylinder of the torque executing mechanism to apply the torque to the shearing box to a set value;
the rock tension and compression ring shear tester comprises:
a base;
the axial force executing mechanism comprises a loading oil cylinder and a guide torsion resistant plate, the loading oil cylinder is fixedly arranged on one side of the top of the base, the output end of the loading oil cylinder makes linear reciprocating motion, and the guide torsion resistant plate is arranged on the output end of the loading oil cylinder;
the torsion executing mechanism comprises a spiral swinging cylinder and a torsion shaft, the spiral swinging cylinder is arranged on the other side of the top of the base, the output end of the spiral swinging cylinder performs rotary motion, the torsion shaft is arranged on the output end of the spiral swinging cylinder, and the torsion shaft and the guide torsion plate are arranged oppositely;
a shear box including a first box body and a second box body, the first box body and the second box body being annular inside, the second box body being detachably disposed on a side of the torsion guide plate facing the torsion shaft, the first box body being detachably disposed on a side of the torsion shaft facing the torsion guide plate, the first box body and the second box body being operatively butted;
the torsion executing mechanism further comprises a rotary disk seat, the rotary disk seat is fixedly arranged on the base, the rotary disk seat and the guide torsion-resistant plate are oppositely arranged, and the torsion shaft can rotatably penetrate through the rotary disk seat;
a rotatable wheel disc is arranged on the side surface of the rotating disc seat, which is opposite to the side surface of the guide torsion plate, a rotary encoder is coaxially arranged on the wheel disc, and the wheel disc is connected with the torsion shaft through a belt pulley;
the axial force actuating mechanism further comprises a first fixing seat and a plurality of guide pull rods, the first fixing seat is fixedly arranged on one side of the top of the base, the fixing end of the loading oil cylinder is fixedly arranged in the first fixing seat, the guide pull rods are arranged in a plurality of groups, the guide pull rods are arranged on two sides of the loading oil cylinder in two groups, each guide pull rod is arranged in axial direction parallel to the loading oil cylinder, and each guide pull rod is fixedly arranged at one end of the first fixing seat and penetrates through the guide torsion resistant plate and the guide torsion resistant plate.
2. The rock tension and compression ring shear test method according to claim 1, wherein the lateral sides of the first box body and the second box body in the width direction are straight surfaces, and the bottoms of the first box body and the second box body are arc-shaped;
a second positioning groove is formed in the side face, facing the torsion shaft, of the guide torsion-resistant plate, the top of the second positioning groove is open, two vertical sides of the second positioning groove are arranged in parallel, the bottom of the second positioning groove is arc-shaped, and the first box body is arranged in the second positioning groove in a sliding fit manner;
the side, facing the guide torsion-resistant plate, of the torsion shaft is provided with a third positioning groove, the top of the third positioning groove is open, two vertical sides of the third positioning groove are arranged in parallel, the bottom of the third positioning groove is arc-shaped, and the second box body is arranged in the third positioning groove in a sliding fit mode.
3. The rock tension and compression ring shear test method of claim 2, wherein the shear box further comprises a sealing sleeve, the sealing sleeve is disposed between the first box body and the second box body, one axial end of the sealing sleeve is fixedly sleeved on the first box body, and the second box body is rotatably disposed at the other axial end of the sealing sleeve.
4. The rock tension and compression ring shear test method of claim 2, wherein the tester further comprises an axial load sensor disposed at the output end of the load cylinder and a torque sensor disposed on a torsion shaft connected to the output end of the spiral oscillating cylinder.
5. The rock tension and compression ring shear test method of claim 4, wherein a rotatable wheel disc is arranged on the side surface of the rotary disc seat, which faces away from the guide torsion plate, a rotary encoder is coaxially arranged on the wheel disc, and the wheel disc and the torsion shaft are connected through a belt pulley.
6. The rock tension and compression ring shear test method according to claim 5, wherein the torque actuator further comprises a second fixed seat, the second fixed seat is fixedly arranged on the other side of the top of the base, the spiral oscillating cylinder is fixedly arranged on the second fixed seat, and the second fixed seat and the top of the rotary disc seat and two width-direction side portions are connected through protection plates.
7. The rock tension and compression ring shear test method of claim 2, wherein the torsion shaft is connected to the output end of the spiral oscillating cylinder through a coupling.
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