CN113237617A - Underwater shell modal test device considering internal flow field and pressure influence thereof - Google Patents
Underwater shell modal test device considering internal flow field and pressure influence thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113237617A CN113237617A CN202110375760.0A CN202110375760A CN113237617A CN 113237617 A CN113237617 A CN 113237617A CN 202110375760 A CN202110375760 A CN 202110375760A CN 113237617 A CN113237617 A CN 113237617A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
- G01M7/025—Measuring arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
Abstract
The invention provides an underwater shell modal test device considering the influence of an internal flow field and pressure thereof, which comprises: the test body comprises a strain gauge attached to the outer surface and a digital acquisition instrument connected with the strain gauge through a cable; the pressure tank is a container with an opening at the top and water in the container, and a cross beam is arranged at the opening; the spring pull rod is used for suspending the test body in the pressure box; the excitation device comprises a non-contact electromagnetic excitation device and a high-pressure water supply device, and comprises a water supply pipe and a high-pressure pump, wherein the two ends of the water supply pipe and the high-pressure pump are respectively connected with a water source and a test body. The invention can simulate the internal flow field and the pressure action thereof, and carries out modal test on the test body on the basis. The non-contact type excitation device can effectively avoid the influence of the additional mass and the additional rigidity of the vibration exciter on the dynamic characteristics of the structure in the conventional mode test and the phenomena of continuous impact and stress concentration and the like caused by a hammering method, so that the test structure is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vibration testing of underwater structures, in particular to an underwater shell modal testing device considering the influence of an internal flow field and pressure thereof.
Background
The hollow shell structure is a typical engineering component, and compared with most of solid structures, the shell structure has lighter weight on the premise of ensuring certain strength and rigidity, so that the hollow shell structure is widely applied to design and construction of ocean engineering structures such as underwater vehicles, platform buoyancy tanks and underwater pipelines.
In practical engineering, the influence of external fluid on the vibration of the underwater shell is not negligible, under the coupling action of water pressure and a flow field medium, the vibration of the fluid medium around the underwater shell is caused when the underwater shell is excited to vibrate, and the vibration characteristic of the shell is influenced by the change of the external flow field, so that the complexity of the vibration problem of the underwater shell is caused.
At present, the problems of structural damage and oil leakage caused by vibration deformation of an underwater pipeline structure become important factors threatening the normal operation of the underwater pipeline, and the structure needs high pressure of internal fluid due to the flow guarantee and also needs to consider the influence of the internal fluid and the high pressure thereof on the structure vibration. Therefore, the method has very important practical significance for modal test analysis of the underwater shell considering the influence of the internal flow field pressure.
The defects of the existing research on the shell modal analysis tests at home and abroad are mainly as follows:
1. the existing underwater shell modal test device mainly considers the influence of an external flow field, and simultaneously considers less influence of an internal flow field and an external flow field, so that the test related to internal pressure is rare research;
2. the existing modal test mainly obtains strain data by means of a displacement sensor or an acceleration sensor, the two types of sensors have certain mass and shape, water tight treatment is required, and the vibration modes of an external flow field and a structure are easily influenced.
3. The existing modal test mostly adopts a force hammer or a vibration exciter to excite a test piece to vibrate, the phenomena of double-click, discontinuous vibration mode and the like easily occur in the excitation of the force hammer, the excitation of the vibration exciter can increase additional rigidity and additional mass for the test piece, and the vibration characteristics and the test result of the original test piece can be influenced by the two excitation modes.
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides the underwater shell modal test device which simultaneously considers the influence of an internal flow field and an external flow field and is based on strain modal analysis, and the underwater shell modal test device is used for researching the modal vibration characteristics of the underwater shell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an underwater shell modal test device considering the influence of an internal flow field and the pressure thereof.
The invention provides an underwater shell modal test device considering the influence of an internal flow field and pressure thereof, which comprises:
the pressure tank is a container with an opening at the top and water in the container, and a cross beam is arranged at the opening;
the test body is made by cutting off a section of an actual deep sea pipeline and sealing two ends, a strain gauge is pasted on the outer surface, and the strain gauge is connected with a digital acquisition instrument through a cable;
the two spring pull rods are arranged, one end of each spring pull rod is connected with the cross beam, and the other end of each spring pull rod is connected with the two ends of the test body respectively so as to suspend the test body in the pressure tank;
the device comprises a pressure tank, a test body, a vibration excitation device, a U-shaped fixing frame and an eddy current induction head, wherein the vibration excitation device is arranged in the pressure tank and comprises a base fixedly connected with the bottom of the pressure tank, an adjusting support fixed on the upper surface of the base, the U-shaped fixing frame is arranged at the top end of the adjusting support and provided with an upward opening, the tops of the U-shaped side edges of the fixing frame are respectively provided with two permanent magnets with opposite special-shaped magnetic poles, the eddy current induction head is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the fixing frame, the outer surface of the eddy current induction head is wound with a coil, and the test body is positioned between the two permanent magnets and the bottom of the test body is close to the eddy current induction head;
the high-pressure water supply device is used for injecting high-pressure water into the test body and comprises a water supply pipe and a high-pressure pump, wherein the two ends of the water supply pipe are respectively connected with a water source and the test body, and the high-pressure pump is used for pressurizing the water supply pipe.
The invention can simulate the internal flow field and the pressure action thereof, and carry out modal test on the test body on the basis, thereby filling the blank of the test research in the field. The selected strain gauge sensor and the strain mode analysis mode have small influence on the test body and the outer flow field, and can remove the error caused by displacement to the strain calculation process, so that the test structure is more accurate. The non-contact electromagnetic excitation device designed according to the electromagnetic induction law can effectively avoid the influence of the additional mass and the additional rigidity of the vibration exciter on the dynamic characteristics of the structure in the conventional modal test and the phenomena of continuous impact and concentrated stress and the like caused by a hammering method, and has higher test precision. The whole device principle is simple, can realize the test simulation of test body circumference modal fast high-efficiently, and the process is easily operated, and the device can be dismantled, and test cycle is short, and economic nature is strong.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a test platform according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a strain gage mounted on the circumference of a test body in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the axial mounting of a strain gage on a test body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an axial schematic view of a non-contact excitation device according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the magnetic field state of the excitation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The detailed structure and implementation process of the present solution are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment of the present invention, an underwater casing modal testing apparatus considering the influence of an internal flow field and the pressure thereof is disclosed, which includes: the device comprises a test body 1, a pressure box 2, an excitation device 3, a spring pull rod 4 and a high-pressure water supply device 5.
The test body 1 is a sealing structure, generally a part of a intercepted deep sea conveying pipeline, and is manufactured after two ends are sealed; a certain number of strain gauges are attached to the outer surface according to test requirements, the strain gauges are used for collecting vibration excitation signals of a vibration excitation device, and the strain gauges are connected with a digital acquisition instrument through cables.
This pressure tank 2 is used for simulating deep sea pressure, and it is the inside container that contains water of open-top, is provided with crossbeam 21 at the opening part, for conveniently observing the internal test process, this pressure tank 2 can adopt transparent material preparation, if the glass steel.
The spring rods 4 are used to hold the test body 1 at a predetermined position of the pressure tank 2, and generally two spring rods are provided, and each spring rod 4 has one end connected to the cross beam 21 and the other end connected to both ends of the test body 1, respectively, to suspend the test body 1 inside the pressure tank 2.
As shown in fig. 4, the excitation device 3 is used for simulating underwater vibration, and includes a base 36 fixedly connected to the bottom of the pressure tank 2, an adjusting bracket 37 fixed to the upper surface of the base 36, a U-shaped fixing bracket 371 installed at the top end of the adjusting bracket 37 and having an upward opening, two permanent magnets 38 having opposite special-shaped magnetic poles and installed at the top of the U-shaped side of the fixing bracket 371, and an eddy current sensor 39 installed at the middle of the bottom of the fixing bracket 371 and having a coil 391 wound on the outer surface; the suspended test body 1 is axially located between the two permanent magnets 38 and is close to the eddy current induction head 39 at the bottom.
The adjusting bracket 37 can adjust the height of the fixing frame 371 according to the position of the test body 1, and further adjust the relative height of the permanent magnet 38 and the eddy current induction head 39 so as to enable the permanent magnet to be close to the test body 1 as much as possible without contacting; the adjusting bracket 37 can be any length-adjusting structure in the prior art, for example, two pipes are inserted into each other, and a fixing bolt is screwed on the outer pipe, so that after the positions of the two pipes are fixed, the inner pipe is pressed against the current position by tightening the fixing bolt.
The coil 391 of the eddy current head 39 is connected to an external power supply via a cable. The opposite poles of the two permanent magnets 38 are shaped such that if one of the permanent magnets has an N-pole with respect to the other permanent magnet, the opposite pole of the other permanent magnet has an S-pole. The strain gauge 32 attached to the outer surface of the test body 1 can measure the exciting force of the exciting device, and then transmit the measured exciting force to the digital acquisition instrument 33.
As shown in fig. 5, when the test device works, the coil 391 is externally connected with an alternating power supply to force the internal eddy current induction head 39 to generate alternating magnetic flux, the alternating magnetic flux vertically passes through the test body 1 and induces the corresponding position of the test body 1 to generate an induced eddy current field 61 which has the same frequency change with the alternating magnetic flux, according to the ampere law, the current-carrying test body 1 is acted by ampere force in the constant magnetic field 62 generated by the permanent magnet 38, and the test body 1 at the corresponding position is made to continuously vibrate along the radial direction, and when the frequency adjusted to the alternating power supply is the same as the natural frequency of the test body 1, the test body 1 can be induced to resonate, so that non-contact excitation is realized.
The high pressure water supply device 5 is used for injecting water of a designated pressure into the test body 1 to simulate the high pressure oil to be delivered, and includes a water supply pipe 52 connected to a water source 53 and a pressurized high pressure pump 51.
Before the test, the non-contact type vibration excitation device 3 is placed at the bottom of the pressure box 2, then the test body 1 is hung at a specified position of the pressure box 2 by using the spring pull rod 4, the specified position is generally based on the central axis of the test body 1, the distances between the central axis and the peripheral side walls of the pressure box 2 and the water surface after water injection are all larger than 4 times of the radius of the shell, and the influence of boundary conditions such as free liquid level, side walls and the like can be ignored at the set position. And then finely adjusting the height of an adjusting bracket 37 in the non-contact type excitation device 3 to ensure that the permanent magnet 38, the eddy current induction head 30 and the test body 1 are not in contact with each other but the gap is as small as possible so as to reduce energy loss and obtain a better excitation effect. Then connect water injection pipe 52, with a plurality of foil gauges 32 attached to the assigned position of the test body 1 according to the experimental requirement, and then the cable 35 is connected with the digital acquisition instrument 33 outside the pressure tank 2, need make foil gauges 32 and cable 35 waterproof in the connection process. And then injecting water into the pressure tank 2, wherein the water depth in the pressure tank 2 is not less than 8 times of the radius of the test body 1, and the water depth can meet the condition that the influence of boundary conditions such as free liquid level, side wall and the like is neglected in the test process of the test body 1.
Inject water into the test body 1 through high-pressure pump 51, in to test body 1 water injection process, need to arrange the inside air of test body 1 to the greatest extent, can install pressure release pipeline 56 on test body 1, install relief valve 57 on pressure release pipeline 56 simultaneously, pressure release pipeline 56 can be used to discharge the inside air of test body 1, can also discharge inside water after experimental completion simultaneously, and pressure release valve 57 can close pressure release pipeline 56 in order to keep the inside pressure of test body 1. In order to conveniently adjust the pressure in the test body 1, a high-pressure pipeline 54 is arranged at the other end of the test body 1 opposite to the pressure relief pipeline 56, a high-pressure valve 55 is arranged on the high-pressure pipeline 54, the high-pressure pipeline 54 is connected with a high-pressure pump 51, and the high-pressure valve 51 can adjust the pressure according to the pressure requirement in the test body 1; in addition, in order to conveniently obtain the pressure in the test body 1, a shockproof pressure gauge can be arranged on the test body 1, and the shockproof pressure gauge can be used for avoiding the vibration influence of the non-contact vibration excitation device 3 during working.
When the test body 1 is exhausted, the test body can be obliquely placed, then water is injected from one side of the high-pressure pipeline 54 until water is discharged from one side of the pressure relief pipeline 56, and the test body 1 can be considered to be filled with water; in addition, in order to avoid the residual bubbles in the test body 1, the test body can be kept still for a period of time after the water is discharged from the pressure relief pipeline 56 until the internal gas is completely exhausted. After the air discharge is completed, the test piece 1 needs to be restored to the horizontal state.
After the working process, the alternating power supply can be started, the frequency of the power supply is gradually adjusted to reach the vibration frequency of the test body 1, and the frequency of the non-contact excitation device 3 is generally greater than the frequency to be measured of the test body 1. Because the test body 1 is elastically suspended in water through the spring pull rod 4, the spring pull rod 4 does not synchronously vibrate with the test body 1, thereby influencing the test effect. The strain gauge 32 transmits vibration signals borne by the test body 1 to the digital acquisition instrument 33 through the cable 35, and the digital acquisition instrument 33 transmits the collected data to the analysis system, so that the vibration characteristics of the test body 1 under the current test conditions are obtained.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the strain gauges 32 may be arranged in a row along the axial direction of the test body 1 or in a circle along the outer circumference of the middle portion of the test body 1 according to the test requirements, so as to obtain the vibration characteristics of the test body 1 at different positions under the same vibration conditions. When the strain gauges are arranged circumferentially, the spacing angle between the strain gauges 32 is pi/6, and the arrangement mode can measure the vibration frequency of different parts of the circumference of the test body 1 during vibration excitation, so that the acquired data are more accurate.
The method can simulate the internal flow field and the pressure action thereof, and perform modal test on the test body on the basis, thereby filling the blank of the test research in the field. The selected strain gauge sensor and the strain mode analysis mode have small influence on a test body and an external flow field, errors caused in the process of displacement to strain calculation can be avoided, the non-contact excitation mode can effectively avoid the influence of the additional mass and the additional rigidity of the vibration exciter on the dynamic characteristics of the structure in the conventional mode test and the phenomena of continuous impact and stress concentration caused by a hammering method, and the test precision is higher. The whole device principle is simple, can realize the test simulation of test body circumference modal fast high-efficiently, and the process is easily operated, and the device can be dismantled, and test cycle is short, and economic nature is strong.
In the embodiment, the length of the specific test body 1 can be 5-20 times of the outer diameter of the test body, and the test body 1 with the length can completely reflect the real vibration condition of the actual pipeline in the deep sea, so that the test result is more accurate.
In order to avoid the spring tension rod 4 from affecting the vibration effect of the test body 1, the spring tension rod 4 comprises a fixed bracket 41 fixed on the cross beam 21 and a connecting rod 43, and two ends of the connecting rod 43 are respectively connected with the fixed bracket 41 and the test body 1 through springs 42. The springs 42 at the two ends can prevent rigid vibration from being transmitted to the cross beam 21 of the pressure box 2, and meanwhile, after the vibration frequency of the springs 42 at the two ends is switched through the connecting rod 43, synchronous vibration cannot be generated, so that the vibration transmitted by the test body 1 can be eliminated quickly, and the influence is reduced.
In the present embodiment, in order to obtain a good excitation effect, the number of turns of the coil 39 is set as much as possible, and the gap between the eddy current sensor 30 and the test body 1 is made as small as possible, and the permanent magnet 38 may be made of a rare earth material, such as a strong permanent magnet of samarium cobalt (SmCo) permanent magnet and neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnet. In order to ensure that the excitation device 3 can still work underwater, the outer surfaces of the coil, the lead and the like need to be covered with non-conductive and waterproof fiber composite materials. The natural frequency of the test body is up to several kilohertz and the modes are in multiple stages, and in order to achieve the resonance state and measure the multiple-stage modes, an alternating power supply with a large frequency response range is selected to meet the test requirement.
The analysis system in this embodiment is provided with strain mode analysis software, and can record and comprehensively analyze multiple paths of strain data acquired by the data acquisition instrument 33, so as to obtain excitation simulation results at different measurement points. When the strain gauge 32 is arranged, the node of the mode shape on the test body 1 needs to be avoided, and the number and the position of the specific arrangement can be determined according to the modal frequency and the mode shape to be measured.
The strain gauge 32 is adhered by a conventional method and then coated with a layer of silica gel to ensure water tightness, and products with small mass and small volume are selected as much as possible to reduce the influence on the test body structure and the surrounding flow field.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the two ends of the test body 1 are sealed by welding flat plates of the same material and the same thickness, the high pressure pipe 54 and the pressure relief pipe 56 are respectively welded in the passages at the centers of the two flat plates, and a shock absorbing layer, such as a plastic foam material, may be installed on the high pressure pipe 54 and the pressure relief pipe 56 to form a structure around the same. The flat plate forms the boundary condition of the simple support at the two ends of the test body 1, and can be extended to the simple support structure under other complex conditions according to the installation mode.
Thus, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while a number of exemplary embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications consistent with the principles of the invention may be directly determined or derived from the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be understood and interpreted to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (10)
1. An underwater shell modal test device considering influence of an internal flow field and pressure thereof is characterized by comprising:
the pressure tank is a container with an opening at the top and water in the container, and a cross beam is arranged at the opening;
the test body is made by cutting off a section of an actual deep sea pipeline and sealing two ends, a strain gauge is pasted on the outer surface, and the strain gauge is connected with a digital acquisition instrument through a cable;
the two spring pull rods are arranged, one end of each spring pull rod is connected with the cross beam, and the other end of each spring pull rod is connected with the two ends of the test body respectively so as to suspend the test body in the pressure tank;
the device comprises a pressure tank, a test body, a vibration excitation device, a U-shaped fixing frame and an eddy current induction head, wherein the vibration excitation device is arranged in the pressure tank and comprises a base fixedly connected with the bottom of the pressure tank, an adjusting support fixed on the upper surface of the base, the U-shaped fixing frame is arranged at the top end of the adjusting support and provided with an upward opening, the tops of the U-shaped side edges of the fixing frame are respectively provided with two permanent magnets with opposite special-shaped magnetic poles, the eddy current induction head is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the fixing frame, the outer surface of the eddy current induction head is wound with a coil, and the test body is positioned between the two permanent magnets and the bottom of the test body is close to the eddy current induction head;
the high-pressure water supply device is used for injecting high-pressure water into the test body and comprises a water supply pipe and a high-pressure pump, wherein the two ends of the water supply pipe are respectively connected with a water source and the test body, and the high-pressure pump is used for pressurizing the water supply pipe.
2. The underwater housing modal test apparatus of claim 1,
and a shockproof pressure gauge for measuring the internal pressure of the test body is arranged on the test body.
3. The underwater housing modal test apparatus of claim 1,
the pressure box is made of transparent materials.
4. The underwater housing modal test apparatus of claim 1,
the pressure pump is connected with one end of the test body through a high-pressure pipeline, and a high-pressure valve is arranged on the high-pressure pipeline; and the other end of the test body is provided with a pressure relief pipeline, and the pressure relief pipeline is provided with a pressure relief valve.
5. The underwater housing modal test apparatus of claim 1,
the test body is cylindrical, and the distances between the central axis of the suspended test body and the peripheral side walls of the pressure tank and the upper surface of water are larger than 4 times of the radius of the test body.
6. The underwater housing modal test apparatus of claim 1,
the water depth in the pressure tank is at least 8 times the radius of the test body.
7. The underwater housing modal test apparatus of claim 1,
the vibration frequency of the vibration excitation device is greater than the frequency to be measured of the test body.
8. The underwater housing modal test apparatus of claim 1,
the spring pull rod comprises a fixed support and a connecting rod which are fixed on the cross beam, and two ends of the connecting rod are respectively connected with the fixed support and the test body through springs.
9. The underwater housing modal test apparatus of claim 1,
the length of the test body is 5-20 times of the outer diameter of the test body.
10. The underwater housing modal test apparatus of claim 1,
the strain gauges are arranged in a row along the axial direction of the test body, or are arranged in a circle along the outer circumference of the middle part of the test body.
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| CN112268808A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-26 | 天津大学 | Test method for combined action of bending moment and internal pressure of submarine pipeline |
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