CN113236896A - Multistage water hammer protection system - Google Patents
Multistage water hammer protection system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113236896A CN113236896A CN202110538907.3A CN202110538907A CN113236896A CN 113236896 A CN113236896 A CN 113236896A CN 202110538907 A CN202110538907 A CN 202110538907A CN 113236896 A CN113236896 A CN 113236896A
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- pressure
- pipeline
- water hammer
- controller
- valve
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/04—Devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids
- F16L55/045—Devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids specially adapted to prevent or minimise the effects of water hammer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/02—Energy absorbers; Noise absorbers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/04—Devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids
- F16L55/045—Devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids specially adapted to prevent or minimise the effects of water hammer
- F16L55/055—Valves therefor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Details Of Valves (AREA)
- Pipeline Systems (AREA)
- Pipe Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multistage water hammer protection system which comprises a water inlet end and a water outlet end, wherein a pipeline is connected between the water inlet end and the water outlet end, a plurality of inductors are installed on the pipeline, electromagnetic valves are arranged on the pipelines between adjacent inductors, a branch pipeline, an inductor and a pressure reduction tower are sequentially arranged on the pipeline on one side of the water inlet end, the electromagnetic valves are arranged on the branch pipeline, and the inductor and the electromagnetic valves are connected with a controller. The invention adopts the measure of multi-stage protection, has stronger universality and is suitable for the extreme working condition of high pressure; by adopting multi-stage protection measures, the working pressure of each part is reduced, so that the volume of each part is reduced, and the method is more suitable for small-space working conditions; by adopting multi-stage protection, the size and the working pressure of each part are reduced, the structure is simpler, the manufacturing cost is lower, the working pressure of each part is low, the operation and maintenance cost is lower, and the economic benefit is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a water hammer protection system, in particular to a multi-stage water hammer protection system.
Background
In a pressure pipeline, the flow rate of water is suddenly changed due to some external reasons (such as sudden closing of a valve and sudden stopping of a water pump unit), water pressure is increased, and water hammer is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a multistage water hammer protection system which is simple in structure and low in manufacturing and maintenance cost.
The technical scheme is as follows: the water-saving device comprises a water inlet end and a water outlet end, wherein a pipeline is connected between the water inlet end and the water outlet end, a plurality of inductors are mounted on the pipeline, electromagnetic valves are arranged on the pipelines between the adjacent inductors, a branch pipeline, an inductor and a pressure reducing tower are sequentially arranged on the pipeline on one side of the water inlet end, the electromagnetic valves are arranged on the branch pipeline, and the inductor and the electromagnetic valves are connected with a controller.
The pressure reducing tower comprises a shell, a flange connecting piece is arranged at the bottom of the shell, a rubber film is arranged in the shell, a pressure cavity is formed between the rubber film and the shell, and an air valve and a pressure gauge are arranged at the top of the shell.
The pressure reduction tower is connected with the pipeline through a flange connecting piece and is used for absorbing pressure in the pipeline.
And a water pump or a screwing valve is arranged on a pipeline between the water inlet end and the branch pipeline.
And the pipelines on one side of the electromagnetic valve are all provided with maintenance gate valves, so that water flow is cut off when the system fails, and the fault is conveniently checked in a segmented manner.
The tail end of the branch pipeline is a water outlet which is matched with the electromagnetic valve for use.
The electromagnetic valve is connected with the controller through an electric lead so as to control the opening or closing of the electromagnetic valve through the controller.
The sensor is a pressure sensor.
The pressure sensor is connected with the controller through a signal wire and transmits a pressure signal to the controller.
The controller comprises a chip and a single chip microcomputer, wherein the single chip microcomputer is used for processing signals transmitted by the pressure sensor and judging whether the pressure value of the pipeline is larger than the allowable pressure value of the water pump operation or not, so that the opening or closing of each electromagnetic valve is controlled.
Has the advantages that: the invention adopts the measure of multi-stage protection, has stronger universality and is suitable for the extreme working condition of high pressure; by adopting multi-stage protection measures, the working pressure of each part is reduced, so that the volume of each part is reduced, and the method is more suitable for small-space working conditions; by adopting multi-stage protection, the size and the working pressure of each part are reduced, the structure is simpler, the manufacturing cost is lower, the working pressure of each part is low, the operation and maintenance cost is lower, and the economic benefit is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the controller of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a pressure reduction column of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the operation of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a system configuration diagram according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the operation of the system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a system configuration diagram according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of the system operation according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the invention comprises a water inlet end 1 and a water outlet end 2, a pipeline 3 is connected between the water inlet end 1 and the water outlet end 2, a water pump 4, a third pressure sensor 7, a pressure reducing tower 12, a second electromagnetic ball valve 9, a second pressure sensor 6, a first electromagnetic ball valve 8 and a first pressure sensor 5 are sequentially arranged on the pipeline 3, wherein the third pressure sensor 7 is arranged on the pipeline close to the water inlet end 1, and the first pressure sensor 5 is arranged on the pipeline close to the water outlet end 2.
A branch pipeline is arranged between the water pump 4 and the third pressure sensor 7, a third electromagnetic ball valve 10 is arranged on the branch pipeline, a water outlet 16 is arranged at the tail end of the branch pipeline, the water outlet 16 is matched with the third electromagnetic ball valve 10 for use, when the pipeline 3 is impacted by a large water hammer pressure and the previous three-level protection cannot complete a protection task, the controller 13 controls the third electromagnetic ball valve 10 to be opened to enable water flow to flow out so as to reduce the water pressure in the pipeline 3 until the water pressure in the pipeline 3 meets requirements, and then the controller 13 controls the third electromagnetic ball valve 10 to be closed so as to better protect the pipeline 3 and improve the adaptability of the system to extreme high-pressure working conditions.
The first pressure sensor 5, the second pressure sensor 6 and the third pressure sensor 7 are respectively connected with the controller 13 through signal wires 14, and transmit pressure signals to the controller 13; the first electromagnetic ball valve 8, the second electromagnetic ball valve 9 and the third electromagnetic ball valve 10 are respectively connected with a controller 13 through electric leads 15, so that the opening or closing of the electromagnetic ball valves is controlled through the controller 13. And the pipelines beside the first electromagnetic ball valve 8, the second electromagnetic ball valve 9 and the third electromagnetic ball valve 10 are all provided with a maintenance gate valve 11, so that water flow is cut off when a system fails, and the fault is conveniently checked in a segmented manner.
As shown in fig. 2, the controller 13 includes a network chip 131 and a single chip 132, and the single chip 132 is configured to process a signal transmitted from the pressure sensor, and determine whether a pressure value of the pipeline is greater than an allowable pressure value for operation of the water pump 4, so as to control opening or closing of each electromagnetic ball valve; the network chip 132 is mainly used for transmitting pressure signals, and facilitates monitoring of pipeline pressure.
As shown in fig. 3, the pressure reducing tower 12 includes a stainless steel housing 121, a flange connector 122, a rubber membrane 123, a sealed pressure chamber 124, an air valve 125, and a pressure gauge 126 for absorbing pressure (water hammer) in the pipeline 3; the pressure reducing tower 12 is hermetically connected with the pipeline 3 through a flange connecting piece 122, a rubber film 123 is arranged in a stainless steel shell 121, a pressure cavity 124 is formed between the rubber film 123 and the shell, and an air valve 125 and a pressure gauge 126 are arranged at the top of the shell. The rubber membrane 123 swells to absorb pressure when it is subjected to water pressure; the closed pressure cavity 124 has good tightness, is pre-filled with inert gas with a certain volume, has certain initial pressure, and the pressure is approximately equal to the allowable operating pressure value of the water pump, so that the water hammer pressure can be better buffered when the water pressure is normal and the service life is prolonged; the gas valve 125 can be used for gas charging, gas discharging and maintenance of the pressure reduction tower 12; the pressure gauge 126 is used to observe the pressure conditions within the pressure reduction column 12.
When the water pump 4 is stopped due to a fault, the water flow at the water outlet end 2 has a backflow trend, and a large water pressure is generated instantly. Research shows that when the valve is closed in two stages, the water pressure can be greatly reduced, but in actual work, the application range of the two-stage closing is smaller, the purpose of closing the valve in two stages is realized by intelligently controlling two electromagnetic ball valves with a certain distance, and the applicability and the protection effect are improved; through the intelligent protection of installation pressure reducing tower 12, discharge opening 16, the protective capacities is stronger, more is applicable to extreme operating mode.
As shown in fig. 4, the specific operation flow of this embodiment is as follows: when each component normally works, the water pump 4 operates, the first electromagnetic ball valve 8 and the second electromagnetic ball valve 9 are in a valve opening state, the third electromagnetic ball valve 10 is in a valve closing state, each maintenance gate valve 11 is in a valve opening state, and the rest components normally operate; when the water pump 4 stops pumping, the first pressure sensor 5 senses water pressure surge, signals are transmitted to the controller 13 through the signal line 14, the controller 13 judges whether the pressure is larger than an allowable pressure value for an operation experiment of the water pump 4, when the pressure value exceeds the allowable pressure value, the controller 13 controls the first electromagnetic ball valve 8 to close the valve 50 through the electric lead 15, when the water hammer reaches the second pressure sensor 6, the second pressure sensor 6 transmits the pressure value to the controller 13 through the signal line 14, the controller 13 judges whether the pressure is larger than the allowable pressure value for the operation experiment of the water pump 4 again, if the pressure value exceeds the allowable pressure value, the controller 13 controls the second electromagnetic ball valve 9 to close the valve 50 through the electric lead 15, the water hammer passes through the pressure reduction tower 12 and is further absorbed, when the water hammer reaches the third pressure sensor 7, the third pressure sensor 7 transmits the pressure value to the controller 13 through the signal line 14, the controller 13 judges whether the pressure is greater than the allowable experimental pressure value for the operation of the water pump 4, if the pressure is still greater than the allowable experimental pressure value for the operation of the water pump 4, the controller 13 controls the third electromagnetic ball valve 10 to be opened through the electric lead 15, so that the water flows out of the water discharge opening 16 and further absorbs the water hammer until the pressure value transmitted to the controller 13 by the third pressure sensor 7 is less than the allowable experimental pressure value for the operation of the water pump 4, and the controller 13 controls the third electromagnetic ball valve 10 to be closed through the electric lead 15, so that the water hammer protection task is completed; the above is the operation condition when the water hammer pressure is very large, when the water hammer is small (the pressure sensor induction pressure value is smaller than the water pump operation experiment allowable pressure value), then the subsequent steps are not needed, and the operation condition can be slightly adjusted by the pressure reduction tower 12.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 5, the present embodiment describes the structure and the operation state of the screw valve 41 in the closed condition, and the water pump 4 in embodiment 1 is replaced by the screw valve 41, and the rest of the components are not changed.
Fig. 6 is an operation flow of this embodiment: when the components normally work, the screwing valve 41 is opened to operate, the first electromagnetic ball valve 8 and the second electromagnetic ball valve 9 are in a valve opening state, the third electromagnetic ball valve 10 is in a valve closing state, each maintenance gate valve 11 is in a valve opening state, and the rest components normally operate; when the screw valve 41 is closed, the first pressure sensor 5 senses the water pressure surge, and transmits a signal to the controller 13 through the signal line 14, the controller 13 judges whether the pressure is greater than an allowable operating pressure value of the screw valve 41, when the pressure value exceeds the allowable pressure value, the controller 13 controls the first electromagnetic ball valve 8 to close the valve 50 through the electric lead 15, when the water hammer reaches the second pressure sensor 6, the second pressure sensor 6 transmits the pressure value to the controller 13 through the signal line 14, the controller 13 judges again whether the pressure is greater than the allowable operating pressure value of the screw valve 41, if the pressure value exceeds the allowable pressure value, the controller 13 controls the second electromagnetic ball valve 9 to close the valve 50 through the electric lead 15, and when the water hammer passes through the pressure reducing tower 12, the pressure is further absorbed, when the water hammer reaches the third pressure sensor 7, the third pressure sensor 7 transmits the pressure value to the controller 13 through the signal line 14, the controller 13 judges whether the pressure is greater than the allowable operating pressure value of the screw valve 41, if the pressure is still greater than the allowable operating pressure value of the screw valve 41, the controller 13 controls the third electromagnetic ball valve 10 to be opened through the electric lead 15, so that water flows out from the water discharge opening 16 and further absorbs the water hammer until the pressure value transmitted to the controller 13 by the third pressure sensor 7 is less than the allowable operating pressure value of the screw valve 41, and the controller 13 controls the third electromagnetic ball valve 10 to be closed through the electric lead 15, so that the water hammer protection task is completed; the above is the operation condition when the water hammer pressure is large, and when the water hammer is small (the pressure sensor sensing pressure value is smaller than the allowable pressure value for the operation of the screwing valve 41), the subsequent steps are not needed, and the operation can be slightly adjusted by the pressure reducing tower 12.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 7, the present embodiment shows the structure and the operation state under the pure pipeline condition, and the water pump 4 in embodiment 1 is removed, and the rest of the components are unchanged.
As the operation flow of the embodiment of fig. 8: when all the parts normally work, water flow is smooth, the first electromagnetic ball valve 8 and the second electromagnetic ball valve 9 are in a valve opening state, the third electromagnetic ball valve 10 is in a valve closing state, all the overhaul gate valves 11 are in a valve opening state, and the rest parts normally run; when the system stops suddenly due to the operation, the first pressure sensor 5 senses the water pressure suddenly increasing and transmits a signal to the controller 13 through the signal line 14, the controller 13 judges whether the pressure is greater than the allowable operating pressure value of the weak part of the pipeline, when the pressure value exceeds the allowable pressure value, the controller 13 controls the first electromagnetic ball valve 8 to close the valve by 50% through the electric lead 15, when the water hammer reaches the second pressure sensor 6, the second pressure sensor 6 transmits the pressure value to the controller 13 through the signal line 14, the controller 13 judges whether the pressure is greater than the allowable operating pressure value of the weak part of the pipeline again, if the pressure value exceeds the allowable pressure value, the controller 13 controls the second electromagnetic ball valve 9 to close the valve by 50% through the electric lead 15, the water hammer passes through the pressure reducing tower 12 and is further absorbed, when the water hammer reaches the third pressure sensor 7, the third pressure sensor 7 transmits the pressure value to the controller 13 through the signal line 14, the controller 13 judges whether the pressure is greater than an allowable operating pressure value of a pipeline weak position, if the pressure is still greater than an allowable operating pressure value of a water pump experiment, the controller 13 controls the third electromagnetic ball valve 10 to be opened through an electric lead 15, water flows out from a water discharge opening 16, the water hammer is further absorbed until the pressure value transmitted to the controller by the third pressure sensor 7 is less than the allowable operating pressure value of the pipeline weak position, and the controller 13 controls the third electromagnetic ball valve 10 to be closed through the electric lead 15, so that a water hammer protection task is completed; the above is the operation condition when the water hammer pressure is very large, when the water hammer is small (the pressure sensor sensing pressure value is less than the allowable pressure value), the subsequent steps are not needed, and the operation condition can be slightly adjusted by the pressure reduction tower 12.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a multistage water hammer protection system, its characterized in that, includes into water end (1) and play water end (2), intake end (1) and go out between water end (2) and be connected with pipeline (3), pipeline (3) on install a plurality of inductors, all be equipped with the solenoid valve on the pipeline between the adjacent inductor, intake and be equipped with branch pipeline, inductor and pressure reducing tower (12) on pipeline (3) of end (1) one side in proper order, the branch pipeline on be equipped with the solenoid valve, inductor and solenoid valve all be connected with controller (13).
2. The multistage water hammer protection system according to claim 1, wherein the pressure reduction tower (12) comprises a housing, a flange connector (122) is arranged at the bottom of the housing, a rubber membrane (123) is arranged in the housing, a pressure chamber (124) is formed between the rubber membrane (123) and the housing, and an air valve (125) and a pressure gauge (126) are arranged at the top of the housing.
3. The multi-stage water hammer protection system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pressure reducing tower (12) is connected to the pipeline (3) by a flange connection (122).
4. The multi-stage water hammer protection system according to claim 1, wherein a water pump (4) or a screw valve (41) is provided on the pipeline (3) between the water inlet end (1) and the branch pipeline.
5. The multistage water hammer protection system according to claim 1, wherein a service gate valve (11) is installed on each pipeline (3) on one side of the electromagnetic valve.
6. The multi-stage water hammer guard system according to claim 1, wherein the branch conduit terminates in a drain opening (16).
7. The multi-stage water hammer prevention system according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the solenoid valve is connected to the controller (13) through an electrical lead (15).
8. The multi-stage water hammer guard system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is a pressure sensor.
9. The multi-stage water hammer protection system according to claim 8, wherein the pressure sensor is connected to the controller (13) via a signal line (14).
10. The multi-stage water hammer protection system according to claim 1, wherein the controller (13) comprises a chip and a single chip (132).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110538907.3A CN113236896B (en) | 2021-05-18 | 2021-05-18 | Multistage water hammer protection system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110538907.3A CN113236896B (en) | 2021-05-18 | 2021-05-18 | Multistage water hammer protection system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113236896A true CN113236896A (en) | 2021-08-10 |
| CN113236896B CN113236896B (en) | 2023-10-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110538907.3A Active CN113236896B (en) | 2021-05-18 | 2021-05-18 | Multistage water hammer protection system |
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| CN (1) | CN113236896B (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003240180A (en) * | 2002-02-12 | 2003-08-27 | Asahi Organic Chem Ind Co Ltd | T-shaped pipe joint |
| CN201396323Y (en) * | 2009-05-09 | 2010-02-03 | 张家口市宣化布柯玛液压设备制造厂 | Welded diaphragm accumulator |
| CN104005451A (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2014-08-27 | 上海威派格环保科技有限公司 | Pre-opening pressure relief device |
| CN205776511U (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-12-07 | 大连恒基新润水务有限公司 | A kind of modified model pipeline pressure control system |
| CN108626476A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-10-09 | 东南大学 | A kind of intelligent minitype self-adapting decompressor for fluid control |
| CN109612668A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2019-04-12 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | A kind of water hammer test macro and test method |
-
2021
- 2021-05-18 CN CN202110538907.3A patent/CN113236896B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003240180A (en) * | 2002-02-12 | 2003-08-27 | Asahi Organic Chem Ind Co Ltd | T-shaped pipe joint |
| CN201396323Y (en) * | 2009-05-09 | 2010-02-03 | 张家口市宣化布柯玛液压设备制造厂 | Welded diaphragm accumulator |
| CN104005451A (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2014-08-27 | 上海威派格环保科技有限公司 | Pre-opening pressure relief device |
| CN205776511U (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-12-07 | 大连恒基新润水务有限公司 | A kind of modified model pipeline pressure control system |
| CN109612668A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2019-04-12 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | A kind of water hammer test macro and test method |
| CN108626476A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-10-09 | 东南大学 | A kind of intelligent minitype self-adapting decompressor for fluid control |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| PARIZOT L , DUTILLEUL H , GALVEZ M E , ET AL: "Physical and chemical characterization of shock-induced cavitation", 《ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY》, pages 69 * |
| 杨文林, 王超: "深水半潜平台压载水系统水锤载荷动态分析", 《舰船科学技术》, pages 95 - 98 * |
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| CN113236896B (en) | 2023-10-27 |
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