CN113236236A - Signal transmission device using oil well pipeline as channel - Google Patents
Signal transmission device using oil well pipeline as channel Download PDFInfo
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- CN113236236A CN113236236A CN202110701051.7A CN202110701051A CN113236236A CN 113236236 A CN113236236 A CN 113236236A CN 202110701051 A CN202110701051 A CN 202110701051A CN 113236236 A CN113236236 A CN 113236236A
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- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 and every length h Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
Abstract
The invention discloses a signal transmission device with an oil well pipeline as a channel, and belongs to the technical field of underground transmission. The invention mainly transmits the data collected by the sensor under the oil well, can overcome the underground interference and ensure that the accurate data transmission can be realized in the complex underground environment. The data transmission method adopts the magnetic coupling principle, and has the advantages of small volume, convenience in installation and arrangement and the like. The downhole device can both transmit signals and receive commands. By establishing a transmission model of signals in a channel and a special detection device of a receiving end, the device realizes stable transmission of data in a complex underground environment. At a depth of 2000 meters, the symbol rate can reach 200 BPS. The technology can be applied to detecting the underground environment condition of the oil well and has a great application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground transmission, and particularly relates to a signal transmission device using an oil well pipeline as a channel.
Background
In the oil industry, the exploitation of oil fields requires drilling of wells, while the measurement of downhole temperature, pressure, geological information, etc. needs to be done after drilling. With the continuous development of oil drilling technology, drilling equipment is also developing towards informatization and automation. The existing transmission modes include wired transmission and wireless transmission. Traditional wired transmission needs to lay signal cable in the pit as the transmission channel of signal, because the environment is abominable in the pit, realizes more difficultly, can't guarantee data transmission's stability. The wireless transmission mode can obtain better transmission quality, however, the underground environment has great influence on the transmission efficiency of different wireless transmission modes, and the transmission efficiency cannot be ensured.
The existing wired transmission method mainly adopts a mode of coupling power line carrier waves and wired magnetic induction. The power line carrier mode is characterized in that a submersible motor power supply cable is used as a transmission medium, a power supply loop is multiplexed, long-distance transmission of underground measurement signals is achieved by conditioning power supply current, but the transmission efficiency is very low. In the wired magnetic induction coupling mode, a magnetic induction channel is formed by connecting a plurality of induction couplers with a high-speed data transmission cable in the drill rod, signals in the drill rod are transmitted through the cable, and transmission is realized at the connection position of the drill rod through the induction couplers. This method requires the placement of magnetic coupling devices at multiple sections of the tubing, which is relatively complex to implement.
The existing wireless transmission methods mainly include electric field coupling and wireless magnetic coupling. When using electric field coupling for transmitting measurement data, it is necessary to form a closed loop with the transmitter coil, the forming medium and the receiver coil. The underground environment is complex and changeable, the close contact between the emitter and the stratum medium cannot be ensured, and the transmission efficiency cannot be ensured. The composition of the formation medium in the oil well is very complex, certain components have high conductivity, and the signal is greatly attenuated during transmission, so that the transmission quality of the signal is influenced. Because the transmission distance of the underground wireless ground direct reading technology cannot meet the application of the existing deep well and ultra-deep well, an underground wireless repeater is added in the wireless transmission. In the existing wireless magnetic coupling mode, the magnetic coupling coil can generate weak magnetic field strength under the existing limitation of working conditions and device size, and the requirement of signals under complex geological conditions cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects or improvement needs in the prior art, the present invention provides a signal transmission device using an oil well pipe as a channel, and aims to provide a low-cost and high-quality transmission structure suitable for complex downhole environments, so as to realize transmission of downhole signals.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a communication device for downhole signal transmission, comprising: the ground device and the underground device with the same structure comprise a transmitting module and a receiving module.
The transmitting module comprises: the MSP430 single chip microcomputer, the amplifying circuit and the coil; the digital signal processing circuit is used for modulating an FSK signal of a digital signal measured underground, and transmitting the digital signal into a coil after being amplified by a signal amplifying circuit to realize the transmission of the signal;
the receiving module is used for receiving the FSK signals uploaded from the underground and carrying out incoherent demodulation on the FSK signals to obtain original measured digital signals;
the single chip microcomputer is used for receiving the measured original data, continuously modulating the obtained data by FSK, and then outputting the continuous FSK signals by AD conversion;
the amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the power of the continuous FSK signal output by the singlechip and sending the amplified continuous FSK signal to a coil;
the coil surrounds the inner pipe of the oil pipe, when alternating current passes through the coil, the coil can generate a continuously-changing magnetic field, and the inner pipe and the outer pipe are connected in a special structure to form a loop, so that the continuously-changing magnetic field enables the inner pipe to generate continuously-changing current which is transmitted to a well through a pipeline;
in a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a channel transmission model;
the oil pipe is divided into n sections, and the length of each section is h.
Let the resistivity of the inner pipe of the oil pipe be rho1The radius of the inner wall of the inner tube is R1The radius of the outer wall of the inner pipe is R2The resistivity of the outer tube is ρ2The radius of the inner wall of the outer pipe is R3The outer wall of the outer pipe has a radius R4The interval between the outer wall of the inner pipe and the inner wall of the outer pipe is l3Resistivity of water is ρ3The inner tube outer wall scribbles insulating material, and every length h, insulating material are damaged, have the electric current between damaged department inner tube and the outer tube, then the circuit equivalent model of every section has:
resistance of the inner tube:
resistance of the outer tube:
the equivalent resistance at the breakage of the insulating material is r2
Note RnIs the equivalent resistance of the pipe with the length nh. Symbol// denotes parallel; the equivalent circuit of each section of the pipeline is r1、r2、r3The total equivalent resistance of the pipeline is recorded as R1＝r1+r2+r3(ii) a At a length of nh, there is Rn＝r1+r3+Rn-1//r2。
Suppose that the nth pipeline is underground and the signal amplitude at two ends is UnThe amplitude of the n-1 th segment signal is Un-1＝(Rn-r1-r3)Un/Rn(ii) a The amplitude of the receiving end signal is U0＝(R1-r1-r3)U1/R1Attenuation of signals
In the scheme, the pipeline is used as a signal transmission channel, a wired cable is not needed, the cost is low, and the underground pipeline is suitable for complex underground environments. The signals are modulated, amplified, demodulated and the like to obtain original measurement signals, so that underground signal transmission is realized, a signal transmission structure is greatly simplified, and signal transmission is more convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for downhole signal transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a connection device for connecting an inner pipe and an outer pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a signal attenuation model for downhole signal transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of signal processing for a single transceiver according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a transmission process for downhole signals according to an embodiment of the present invention
Throughout the drawings, like reference numerals are used to designate structurally identical elements or structures, wherein: 1 represents an oil pipe inner pipe; 2 represents an outer pipe of the oil pipe; 3, a transmitter-receiver; 4 denotes a transmitting coil; 5 denotes a special device for connecting the inner tube and the outer tube; 6 represents the equivalent impedance of the outer tube; 7 represents the equivalent resistance at the breakage of the coating; 8 denotes the equivalent impedance of the inner tube
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to test examples and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Resistivity rho of oil pipe inner pipe1＝9.78×10-8Omega. m, inner wall radius R of the inner tube17cm, inner tube outer wall radius R2Resistivity p of the outer tube, 9cm2＝9.78×10-8Omega m, radius of the inner wall of the outer tube R312cm, outer wall radius R of outer tube414cm, resistivity p of water3The length of the oil pipe is 2000m, the oil pipe is 25 omega.m, the oil pipe is divided into 2000 sections, and each section is 1 m.
Resistance r of the inner pipe for each section of pipe1＝9.728×10-6Omega. Resistance r of the outer tube3＝5.987×10-6Omega, the resistance of water is 1.13 omega.
In the manner of fig. 1, the device is installed in the lower portion of the tubing, which is then run downhole. Fig. 1, 3 and 4, constitute the transceiver, which is sealed on the oil pipe. 4 is a transmitting coil, and 3 is a singlechip and related peripherals, including a power supply, a modulation and demodulation module and the like. And 5, a connecting device with a special structure is shown in figure 2, and is used for connecting the inner pipe and the outer wall of the oil pipe. The receiving and sending device is arranged on the upper part of the oil pipe in the same way, and the inner pipe and the outer wall form a loop due to the existence of the connecting device.
And the receiving and transmitting device at the lower part of the oil pipe receives the data measured by the sensor, and the data is sent to the coil after being processed by modulation, amplification and the like. The amplitude of the output signal is 1V, the signal is transmitted by frequency shift keying, the carrier frequency is 4000Hz, and the code element rate can reach 200 BPS. At the receiving end, the amplitude of the collected signal is about 1.168mV, and the signal is attenuated by-55.5 dB.
When signals are transmitted underground, induction current is generated in a coil at the upper part of the oil pipe, and the signals are sent to a receiving module for processing.
The signal in the channel will experience attenuation and the signal attenuation model shown in fig. 3 is established by modeling. When the signal is transmitted to the upper part of the oil pipe, induced current is generated in the coil at the upper part and is sent to a receiving device, and underground data is obtained after the processing such as amplification and demodulation.
The device at the lower part of the oil pipe sends data to the well once every 40ms, and the device at the upper part of the oil pipe can send control instructions to the device in the well in intervals. The default state of the device at the lower part of the oil pipe is to send data, and the default state of the device at the upper part of the oil pipe is to receive data, as shown in fig. 5. In summary, the invention discloses a signal transmission device using an oil well pipeline as a channel, and belongs to the technical field of underground transmission. The invention mainly transmits the data collected by the sensor under the oil well, can overcome the underground interference and ensure that the accurate data transmission can be realized in the complex underground environment. The data transmission method adopts the magnetic coupling principle, and has the advantages of small volume, convenience in installation and arrangement and the like. The downhole device can both transmit signals and receive commands. By establishing a transmission model of signals in a channel and a special detection device of a receiving end, the device realizes stable transmission of data in a complex underground environment. At a depth of 2000 meters, the symbol rate can reach 200 BPS. The technology can be applied to detecting the underground environment condition of the oil well and has a great application value.
Claims (2)
1. A signal transmission device using an oil well pipeline as a channel is characterized in that the structure is the same, and a transmitting and receiving integrated aboveground device and a downhole device comprise: a transmitting module and a receiving module;
the transmitting module comprises: the MSP430 single chip microcomputer, the amplifying circuit and the coil; the digital signal processing circuit is used for modulating an FSK signal of a digital signal measured underground, and transmitting the digital signal into a coil after being amplified by a signal amplifying circuit to realize the transmission of the signal;
the receiving module is used for receiving the FSK signals uploaded from the underground and carrying out incoherent demodulation on the FSK signals to obtain original measured digital signals;
the single chip microcomputer is used for receiving the measured original data, continuously modulating the obtained data by FSK, and then outputting the continuous FSK signals by AD conversion;
the amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the power of the continuous FSK signal output by the singlechip and sending the amplified continuous FSK signal to a coil;
the coil surrounds the inner pipe of the oil pipe, when alternating current passes through the coil, the coil can generate a continuously changing magnetic field, and the inner pipe and the outer pipe are connected in a special structure to form a loop, so that the continuously changing magnetic field enables the inner pipe to generate continuously changing current, and the current is transmitted to a well through a pipeline.
2. The signal transmission device with the oil well pipeline as the channel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal transmission model signal based on the oil pipe is attenuated according to the following model:
(1) dividing the oil pipe into n sections, wherein the length of each section is h;
(2) let the resistivity of the inner pipe of the oil pipe be rho1The radius of the inner wall of the inner tube is R1The radius of the outer wall of the inner pipe is R2The resistivity of the outer tube is ρ2The radius of the inner wall of the outer pipe is R3The outer wall of the outer pipe has a radius R4The interval between the outer wall of the inner pipe and the inner wall of the outer pipe is l3Resistivity of water is ρ3The inner tube outer wall scribbles insulating material, and every length h, insulating material are damaged, have the electric current between damaged department inner tube and the outer tube, then the circuit equivalent model of every section has:
resistance of the inner tube:
resistance of the outer tube:
the equivalent resistance at the breakage of the insulating material is r2
Note RnThe equivalent resistance when the length of the pipeline is nh, and the symbol// represents the parallel connection; the equivalent circuit of each section of the pipeline is r1、r2、r3The total equivalent resistance of the pipeline is recorded as R1＝r1+r2+r3(ii) a At a length of nh, there is Rn＝r1+r3+Rn-1//r2；
Suppose that the nth pipeline is underground and the signal amplitude at two ends is UnThe amplitude of the n-1 th segment signal is Un-1＝(Rn-r1-r3)Un/Rn(ii) a The amplitude of the receiving end signal is U0＝(R1-r1-r3)U1/R1Attenuation of signals
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| CN202110701051.7A CN113236236A (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Signal transmission device using oil well pipeline as channel |
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| CN202110701051.7A CN113236236A (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Signal transmission device using oil well pipeline as channel |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113671016A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-11-19 | 西南石油大学 | Downhole annular flow channel fluid detection device and method based on electromagnetic tomography |
| CN114526064A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-05-24 | 西南石油大学 | Two-way wireless electromagnetic transmission device and method for cased well ground signal |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113671016A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-11-19 | 西南石油大学 | Downhole annular flow channel fluid detection device and method based on electromagnetic tomography |
| CN114526064A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-05-24 | 西南石油大学 | Two-way wireless electromagnetic transmission device and method for cased well ground signal |
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Application publication date: 20210810 |
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