CN113236236A - Signal transmission device using oil well pipeline as channel - Google Patents

Signal transmission device using oil well pipeline as channel Download PDF

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CN113236236A
CN113236236A CN202110701051.7A CN202110701051A CN113236236A CN 113236236 A CN113236236 A CN 113236236A CN 202110701051 A CN202110701051 A CN 202110701051A CN 113236236 A CN113236236 A CN 113236236A
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signal
inner tube
wall
transmission
coil
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徐以东
侯文壮
尚文静
刘明新
薛伟
陈炯
吴思远
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种以油井管道作为信道的信号传输装置，属于井下传输技术领域。本发明主要是对油井下传感器采集的数据进行传输，能够克服井下干扰，确保在复杂的井下环境中能实现准确的数据传输。数据传输的方法采用磁耦合原理，具有体积小、便于安装和便于设置等优势。井下装置既能发射信号也能接收命令。通过建立信号在信道中的传输模型与接收端特殊的检测装置，该装置实现了在复杂井下环境中数据的稳定传输。在2000米的深度下，码元速率可达200BPS。该技术可应用于探测油井井下环境状况，具有较大的应用价值。

Figure 202110701051

The invention discloses a signal transmission device using an oil well pipeline as a channel, belonging to the technical field of downhole transmission. The invention mainly transmits the data collected by the sensors in the oil well, which can overcome the interference in the well and ensure accurate data transmission in the complex downhole environment. The method of data transmission adopts the principle of magnetic coupling, which has the advantages of small size, easy installation and easy setting. Downhole units can both transmit signals and receive commands. By establishing a signal transmission model in the channel and a special detection device at the receiving end, the device realizes stable data transmission in a complex underground environment. At a depth of 2000 meters, the symbol rate can reach 200BPS. The technology can be applied to detect the environmental conditions of oil wells and has great application value.

Figure 202110701051

Description

Signal transmission device using oil well pipeline as channel
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground transmission, and particularly relates to a signal transmission device using an oil well pipeline as a channel.
Background
In the oil industry, the exploitation of oil fields requires drilling of wells, while the measurement of downhole temperature, pressure, geological information, etc. needs to be done after drilling. With the continuous development of oil drilling technology, drilling equipment is also developing towards informatization and automation. The existing transmission modes include wired transmission and wireless transmission. Traditional wired transmission needs to lay signal cable in the pit as the transmission channel of signal, because the environment is abominable in the pit, realizes more difficultly, can't guarantee data transmission's stability. The wireless transmission mode can obtain better transmission quality, however, the underground environment has great influence on the transmission efficiency of different wireless transmission modes, and the transmission efficiency cannot be ensured.
The existing wired transmission method mainly adopts a mode of coupling power line carrier waves and wired magnetic induction. The power line carrier mode is characterized in that a submersible motor power supply cable is used as a transmission medium, a power supply loop is multiplexed, long-distance transmission of underground measurement signals is achieved by conditioning power supply current, but the transmission efficiency is very low. In the wired magnetic induction coupling mode, a magnetic induction channel is formed by connecting a plurality of induction couplers with a high-speed data transmission cable in the drill rod, signals in the drill rod are transmitted through the cable, and transmission is realized at the connection position of the drill rod through the induction couplers. This method requires the placement of magnetic coupling devices at multiple sections of the tubing, which is relatively complex to implement.
The existing wireless transmission methods mainly include electric field coupling and wireless magnetic coupling. When using electric field coupling for transmitting measurement data, it is necessary to form a closed loop with the transmitter coil, the forming medium and the receiver coil. The underground environment is complex and changeable, the close contact between the emitter and the stratum medium cannot be ensured, and the transmission efficiency cannot be ensured. The composition of the formation medium in the oil well is very complex, certain components have high conductivity, and the signal is greatly attenuated during transmission, so that the transmission quality of the signal is influenced. Because the transmission distance of the underground wireless ground direct reading technology cannot meet the application of the existing deep well and ultra-deep well, an underground wireless repeater is added in the wireless transmission. In the existing wireless magnetic coupling mode, the magnetic coupling coil can generate weak magnetic field strength under the existing limitation of working conditions and device size, and the requirement of signals under complex geological conditions cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects or improvement needs in the prior art, the present invention provides a signal transmission device using an oil well pipe as a channel, and aims to provide a low-cost and high-quality transmission structure suitable for complex downhole environments, so as to realize transmission of downhole signals.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a communication device for downhole signal transmission, comprising: the ground device and the underground device with the same structure comprise a transmitting module and a receiving module.
The transmitting module comprises: the MSP430 single chip microcomputer, the amplifying circuit and the coil; the digital signal processing circuit is used for modulating an FSK signal of a digital signal measured underground, and transmitting the digital signal into a coil after being amplified by a signal amplifying circuit to realize the transmission of the signal;
the receiving module is used for receiving the FSK signals uploaded from the underground and carrying out incoherent demodulation on the FSK signals to obtain original measured digital signals;
the single chip microcomputer is used for receiving the measured original data, continuously modulating the obtained data by FSK, and then outputting the continuous FSK signals by AD conversion;
the amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the power of the continuous FSK signal output by the singlechip and sending the amplified continuous FSK signal to a coil;
the coil surrounds the inner pipe of the oil pipe, when alternating current passes through the coil, the coil can generate a continuously-changing magnetic field, and the inner pipe and the outer pipe are connected in a special structure to form a loop, so that the continuously-changing magnetic field enables the inner pipe to generate continuously-changing current which is transmitted to a well through a pipeline;
in a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a channel transmission model;
the oil pipe is divided into n sections, and the length of each section is h.
Let the resistivity of the inner pipe of the oil pipe be rho1The radius of the inner wall of the inner tube is R1The radius of the outer wall of the inner pipe is R2The resistivity of the outer tube is ρ2The radius of the inner wall of the outer pipe is R3The outer wall of the outer pipe has a radius R4The interval between the outer wall of the inner pipe and the inner wall of the outer pipe is l3Resistivity of water is ρ3The inner tube outer wall scribbles insulating material, and every length h, insulating material are damaged, have the electric current between damaged department inner tube and the outer tube, then the circuit equivalent model of every section has:
resistance of the inner tube:
Figure BDA0003124864130000021
resistance of the outer tube:
Figure BDA0003124864130000022
the equivalent resistance at the breakage of the insulating material is r2
Note RnIs the equivalent resistance of the pipe with the length nh. Symbol// denotes parallel; the equivalent circuit of each section of the pipeline is r1、r2、r3The total equivalent resistance of the pipeline is recorded as R1＝r1+r2+r3(ii) a At a length of nh, there is Rn＝r1+r3+Rn-1//r2。
Suppose that the nth pipeline is underground and the signal amplitude at two ends is UnThe amplitude of the n-1 th segment signal is Un-1＝(Rn-r1-r3)Un/Rn(ii) a The amplitude of the receiving end signal is U0＝(R1-r1-r3)U1/R1Attenuation of signals
Figure BDA0003124864130000023
In the scheme, the pipeline is used as a signal transmission channel, a wired cable is not needed, the cost is low, and the underground pipeline is suitable for complex underground environments. The signals are modulated, amplified, demodulated and the like to obtain original measurement signals, so that underground signal transmission is realized, a signal transmission structure is greatly simplified, and signal transmission is more convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for downhole signal transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a connection device for connecting an inner pipe and an outer pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a signal attenuation model for downhole signal transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of signal processing for a single transceiver according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a transmission process for downhole signals according to an embodiment of the present invention
Throughout the drawings, like reference numerals are used to designate structurally identical elements or structures, wherein: 1 represents an oil pipe inner pipe; 2 represents an outer pipe of the oil pipe; 3, a transmitter-receiver; 4 denotes a transmitting coil; 5 denotes a special device for connecting the inner tube and the outer tube; 6 represents the equivalent impedance of the outer tube; 7 represents the equivalent resistance at the breakage of the coating; 8 denotes the equivalent impedance of the inner tube
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to test examples and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Resistivity rho of oil pipe inner pipe1＝9.78×10-8Omega. m, inner wall radius R of the inner tube17cm, inner tube outer wall radius R2Resistivity p of the outer tube, 9cm2＝9.78×10-8Omega m, radius of the inner wall of the outer tube R312cm, outer wall radius R of outer tube414cm, resistivity p of water3The length of the oil pipe is 2000m, the oil pipe is 25 omega.m, the oil pipe is divided into 2000 sections, and each section is 1 m.
Resistance r of the inner pipe for each section of pipe1＝9.728×10-6Omega. Resistance r of the outer tube3＝5.987×10-6Omega, the resistance of water is 1.13 omega.
In the manner of fig. 1, the device is installed in the lower portion of the tubing, which is then run downhole. Fig. 1, 3 and 4, constitute the transceiver, which is sealed on the oil pipe. 4 is a transmitting coil, and 3 is a singlechip and related peripherals, including a power supply, a modulation and demodulation module and the like. And 5, a connecting device with a special structure is shown in figure 2, and is used for connecting the inner pipe and the outer wall of the oil pipe. The receiving and sending device is arranged on the upper part of the oil pipe in the same way, and the inner pipe and the outer wall form a loop due to the existence of the connecting device.
And the receiving and transmitting device at the lower part of the oil pipe receives the data measured by the sensor, and the data is sent to the coil after being processed by modulation, amplification and the like. The amplitude of the output signal is 1V, the signal is transmitted by frequency shift keying, the carrier frequency is 4000Hz, and the code element rate can reach 200 BPS. At the receiving end, the amplitude of the collected signal is about 1.168mV, and the signal is attenuated by-55.5 dB.
When signals are transmitted underground, induction current is generated in a coil at the upper part of the oil pipe, and the signals are sent to a receiving module for processing.
The signal in the channel will experience attenuation and the signal attenuation model shown in fig. 3 is established by modeling. When the signal is transmitted to the upper part of the oil pipe, induced current is generated in the coil at the upper part and is sent to a receiving device, and underground data is obtained after the processing such as amplification and demodulation.
The device at the lower part of the oil pipe sends data to the well once every 40ms, and the device at the upper part of the oil pipe can send control instructions to the device in the well in intervals. The default state of the device at the lower part of the oil pipe is to send data, and the default state of the device at the upper part of the oil pipe is to receive data, as shown in fig. 5. In summary, the invention discloses a signal transmission device using an oil well pipeline as a channel, and belongs to the technical field of underground transmission. The invention mainly transmits the data collected by the sensor under the oil well, can overcome the underground interference and ensure that the accurate data transmission can be realized in the complex underground environment. The data transmission method adopts the magnetic coupling principle, and has the advantages of small volume, convenience in installation and arrangement and the like. The downhole device can both transmit signals and receive commands. By establishing a transmission model of signals in a channel and a special detection device of a receiving end, the device realizes stable transmission of data in a complex underground environment. At a depth of 2000 meters, the symbol rate can reach 200 BPS. The technology can be applied to detecting the underground environment condition of the oil well and has a great application value.

Claims (2)

1.一种以油井管道作为信道的信号传输装置，其特征在于，结构相同、收发一体的井上装置与井下装置，包括：发射模块和接收模块；1. a signal transmission device with oil well pipeline as a channel, is characterized in that, the uphole device and the downhole device that have the same structure, transceiver integration, comprising: a transmitting module and a receiving module; 所述发射模块，包括：MSP430单片机、放大电路和线圈；用于将井下测量的数字信号进行FSK信号调制，经过信号放大电路放大后送入线圈，实现信号的发送；The transmitting module includes: an MSP430 single-chip microcomputer, an amplifying circuit and a coil; it is used to perform FSK signal modulation on the digital signal measured in the downhole, and after being amplified by the signal amplifying circuit, it is sent to the coil to realize the transmission of the signal; 所述接收模块用于接收从井下上传的FSK信号，并对所述的FSK信号进行非相干解调，得到原始测量的数字信号；The receiving module is used to receive the FSK signal uploaded from the underground, and perform non-coherent demodulation on the FSK signal to obtain the digital signal of the original measurement; 所述单片机用于接收测得的原始数据，并将所得数据进行连续的FSK调制，然后采用AD转换将所述的连续FSK信号输出；The single-chip microcomputer is used for receiving the measured raw data, and performing continuous FSK modulation on the obtained data, and then using AD conversion to output the continuous FSK signal; 所述放大电路，用于对所述单片机输出的连续FSK信号进行功率放大，并将放大后的连续FSK信号送入线圈；The amplifying circuit is used for power amplifying the continuous FSK signal output by the single-chip microcomputer, and sending the amplified continuous FSK signal into the coil; 所述线圈环绕在油管的内管上，当线圈内通过交变电流时，线圈会产生连续变化的磁场，由于内管与外管以一种特殊结构相连接，形成回路，所以所述连续变化的磁场使内管产生连续变化电流，所述电流通过管道传输到井上。The coil surrounds the inner tube of the oil pipe. When an alternating current passes through the coil, the coil will generate a continuously changing magnetic field. Since the inner tube and the outer tube are connected with a special structure to form a loop, the continuous change The magnetic field of the inner tube produces a continuously varying current, which is transmitted through the tube to the well. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种以油井管道作为信道的信号传输装置，其特征在于，基于油管的信号传输模型信号按如下模型衰减：2. a kind of signal transmission device with oil well pipeline as channel according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the signal transmission model signal based on oil pipe is attenuated according to the following model: (1)将油管分为n段，每段长度为h；(1) Divide the tubing into n sections, each with a length of h; (2)设油管内管的电阻率为ρ1，内管内壁半径为R1，内管外壁半径为R2，外管的电阻率为ρ2，外管内壁半径为R3，外管外壁半径为R4，内管外壁与外管内壁间隔为l3，水的电阻率为ρ3，内管外壁涂有绝缘材料，每隔长度h，绝缘材料破损，破损处内管与外管之间存在电流，则每段的电路等效模型有：(2) Suppose the resistivity of the inner tube of the oil pipe is ρ 1 , the radius of the inner wall of the inner tube is R 1 , the radius of the outer wall of the inner tube is R 2 , the resistivity of the outer tube is ρ 2 , the radius of the inner wall of the outer tube is R 3 , and the outer wall of the outer tube is R 3 . The radius is R 4 , the interval between the outer wall of the inner tube and the inner wall of the outer tube is l 3 , the resistivity of water is ρ 3 , the outer wall of the inner tube is coated with insulating material, and the insulating material is damaged every length h. If there is a current between them, the equivalent circuit model of each segment is as follows: 内管的电阻：
Figure FDA0003124864120000011
Resistance of the inner tube:
Figure FDA0003124864120000011
 外管的电阻：
Figure FDA0003124864120000012
Resistance of outer tube:
Figure FDA0003124864120000012
 绝缘材料破损处的等效阻抗为r2 The equivalent impedance where the insulating material is damaged is r 2 记Rn为管道长度为nh时的等效电阻，符号//表示并联；管道每一段的等效电路为r1、r2、r3的串联电路，记管道总的等效电阻为R1＝r1+r2+r3；长度为nh时，有Rn＝r1+r3+Rn-1//r2；Denote R n as the equivalent resistance when the length of the pipeline is nh, the symbol // represents parallel connection; the equivalent circuit of each section of the pipeline is the series circuit of r 1 , r 2 , and r 3 , and the total equivalent resistance of the pipeline is R 1 =r 1 +r 2 +r 3 ; when the length is nh, there is R n =r 1 +r 3 +R n-1 //r 2 ; 假设第n段管道在井下，且两端的信号幅值为Un,则第n-1段信号的幅值为Un-1＝(Rn-r1-r3)Un/Rn；则接收端信号的幅值为U0＝(R1-r1-r3)U1/R1，信号衰减
Figure FDA0003124864120000013
Assuming that the nth section of the pipeline is downhole, and the signal amplitude at both ends is Un, the amplitude of the n -1st section signal is Un -1 =( Rn - r1 - r3 ) Un / Rn ; Then the amplitude of the signal at the receiving end is U 0 =(R 1 -r 1 -r 3 )U 1 /R 1 , and the signal is attenuated
Figure FDA0003124864120000013
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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113671016A (en) * 2021-08-12 2021-11-19 西南石油大学 Device and method for downhole annular flow channel fluid detection based on electromagnetic tomography
CN114526064A (en) * 2022-04-21 2022-05-24 西南石油大学 Two-way wireless electromagnetic transmission device and method for cased well ground signal

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Application publication date: 20210810