CN113234469A - Low-value waste plastic dry pretreatment system and method based on pyrolysis oil production - Google Patents
Low-value waste plastic dry pretreatment system and method based on pyrolysis oil production Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-value waste plastic dry pretreatment system based on pyrolysis oil production and a method thereof. The dry method can be used for treating the waste plastics with different mixing degrees and moisture contents, no additional water is added in the treatment process, so that no redundant waste water is generated, high-energy-consumption repeated dehydration and drying are not needed, the process is economic and efficient, the environment is friendly, and good impurity removal and dehydration effects can be achieved, so that the subsequent pyrolysis efficiency and the oil product quality are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a waste plastic treatment system and a method thereof, in particular to a low-value waste plastic dry pretreatment system and a method thereof based on pyrolysis oil production, belonging to the field of waste plastic treatment.
Background
China is a big country for plastic production and use, the annual production amount of waste plastics is more than 4000 million tons, and the annual production amount is increased by 8 percent, but the recycling rate is less than 30 percent. The proportion of the low-value waste plastics in the waste plastics is more than 60 percent, which is always the main cause of white pollution, and the waste plastics cause serious secondary pollution to the environment and waste of plastic resources due to the fact that the waste plastics are mostly disposed in an incineration or landfill mode. The pyrolysis oil production is a path aiming at relatively mature and environment-friendly energy utilization of low-value waste plastics, and in the face of increasing exhaustion of petroleum, the 'plastics come from the petroleum and go back to the petroleum' is a good sample plate for circular economy operation.
The low-value waste plastic component usually takes polyolefin (containing LDPE, HDPE and PP) as a main component, is mixed with a small amount of PET, PVC, PS and the like, and even mixed with kitchen waste, paper, wood, sand and stone and the like, and the low-value waste plastic collected from different sources has different water content. Most of the raw materials of the waste plastics applicable to the existing pyrolysis oil-making process are membrane LDPE, HDPE and PP, and if the low-value waste plastics with wide sources are used as the raw materials, the mixing degree and the moisture content of the waste plastics can affect the pyrolysis efficiency and the oil quality to different degrees, so the waste plastics raw materials need to be pretreated before pyrolysis. The pretreatment process for pyrolyzing the waste plastics is mainly carried out by a wet method, but the wet pretreatment not only consumes water resources, but also generates a large amount of cleaning wastewater, is easy to cause secondary pollution, and has larger energy consumption for dehydrating and drying materials with water.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-value waste plastic dry pretreatment system based on pyrolysis oil production and a method thereof, which are used for treating waste plastics with different mixing degrees and moisture contents by a dry treatment method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a low-value waste plastic dry-type pretreatment system based on pyrolysis oil production is characterized in that: comprises a feeding unit, a bag breaking unit, an organic matter removing unit, a non-polyolefin plastic unit, a large impurity removing and non-polyolefin plastic unit, a polyolefin film collecting unit, a crushing unit, a waste plastic moisture detection intelligent control unit, a dehydration unit, an iron removing unit, a paper and glass removing unit, a non-iron metal unit, a dehydration drying unit and a heavy impurity removing unit, wherein the feeding unit, the organic matter removing unit, the non-polyolefin plastic unit, the crushing unit, the waste plastic moisture detection intelligent control unit, the iron removing unit, the paper and glass removing unit, the non-iron metal unit, the dehydration drying unit and the heavy impurity removing unit are sequentially connected, two ends of the bag breaking unit are respectively connected with the feeding unit and the organic matter removing unit, one end of the large impurity removing and non-polyolefin plastic unit is connected with the organic matter removing unit, the other end of the large impurity removing and non-polyolefin plastic unit is connected with one end of the polyolefin film collecting unit, the other end of the polyolefin film collecting unit is connected with the crushing unit.
Furthermore, the feeding unit consists of a storage bin and a shaftless double-screw conveyor, and the bag breaking unit adopts a bag breaking machine.
Further, the organic matter removing unit adopts a drum screen, and the large impurity and non-polyolefin plastic removing unit adopts manual removal unless the polyolefin plastic unit adopts a light separator.
Further, the polyolefin film collecting unit adopts an air separator.
Further, the crushing unit adopts a coarse crusher, and the waste plastic moisture detection intelligent control unit adopts a plastic moisture detector.
Further, the dewatering unit adopts a centrifuge.
Further, the iron removal unit adopts a magnetic separator, the paper and glass removal unit adopts a ballistic screen, and the iron metal removal unit adopts an eddy current separator.
Furthermore, the dehydration drying unit adopts a centrifuge with a hot air fan, and the heavy impurity removal unit adopts a density separator.
The device further comprises a dry granulation unit and an extrusion melting chlorine removal unit, wherein the heavy impurity removal unit is respectively connected with the dry granulation unit and the extrusion melting chlorine removal unit, the dry granulation unit adopts a granulator, and the extrusion melting chlorine removal unit adopts an extruder for adding calcium oxide.
A processing method of a low-value waste plastic dry pretreatment system based on pyrolysis oil production is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, two raw materials are discharged into a feeding unit, wherein one raw material is a mixed recyclable material containing low-value waste plastics, and the other raw material is mixed domestic garbage containing low-value waste plastics;
step two, when the raw materials are mixed recyclables, the raw materials in the feeding unit are directly conveyed into an organic matter removing unit, and mixed organic matter components are screened from the mixed recyclables by adopting a drum screen with the screen hole size of 40 cm; when the raw materials are mixed household garbage, the raw materials in the feeding unit are conveyed into the bag breaking unit, the bag breaking machine is used for breaking and dispersing the materials packed by the wrapping bags and the plastic bags to release the garbage in the materials, the materials are conveyed into the organic matter removing unit, and mixed organic matter components are screened from the mixed household garbage by adopting a screen drum screen with the screen hole size of 40 cm;
after organic matters are removed from the raw materials, the mixed recyclable materials enter a non-polyolefin plastic unit, the non-polyolefin plastic is removed by a light sorting machine, and then the mixed recyclable materials are conveyed into a crushing unit; the mixed domestic garbage enters a large impurity and non-polyolefin plastic removing unit firstly, large and large volume impurities and non-polyolefin plastics are removed manually, then the mixed domestic garbage enters a polyolefin film collecting unit, a wind separator is adopted to recover light film plastics, the recovered film plastics are conveyed to a crushing unit finally, and materials which are not recovered by the wind separator are removed;
after the materials enter a crushing unit, crushing the materials with the large interferents removed into particles with the size of 4cm by using a coarse crusher, and then conveying the particles into a waste plastic moisture detection intelligent control unit;
after the crushed materials enter the waste plastic moisture detection intelligent control unit, automatically collecting a certain amount of crushed materials, sending the crushed materials into a plastic moisture detector for moisture content detection, and then intelligently guiding the next step of the crushed materials to go to the unit according to an R value set by the pyrolysis process for the moisture content requirement of the fed materials;
step six, whether the initial raw materials are mixed recyclable materials or mixed household garbage, when the test value of the water content in the waste plastic water detection intelligent control unit is lower than the R value, the materials are directly sent to an iron removal unit, and the iron-containing impurities in the materials are removed by a magnetic separator; when the test value of the water content in the waste plastic water detection intelligent control unit is higher than the R value, the materials are firstly sent into a dehydration unit, attached water and some impurities mixed with the crushed materials are centrifugally separated by a centrifugal machine, then the materials are sent into an iron removal unit, and iron-containing impurities in the materials are removed by a magnetic separator;
seventhly, after removing iron-containing impurities from the materials, conveying the materials into a paper and glass removing unit, and removing the paper and glass impurities from the materials by adopting a ballistic screen;
step eight, after paper and glass impurities are removed from the materials, conveying the materials into a non-ferrous metal unit, and removing non-ferrous metal impurities in the materials by using an eddy current separator;
step nine, after removing non-iron metal impurities from the materials, conveying the materials into a dehydration drying unit, and drying the materials while further dehydrating and removing impurities by using a centrifugal machine with introduced hot air;
step ten, after further dehydration and drying, conveying the materials into a heavy impurity removing unit, and removing heavy impurities by using a density separator;
step eleven, after heavy impurities of the materials are removed, two removing directions are provided, wherein one removing direction is to send the materials into a dry particle making unit, the materials which are cleaned by the impurities are made into particles by a particle agglomerating machine under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and the particle-state materials are sent into a subsequent pyrolysis system; and the other direction is to send the materials into an extrusion melting dechlorination unit, and an extruder is adopted to carry out melting extrusion on the broken film plastic and send the plastic into a subsequent pyrolysis system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects: the invention provides a low-value waste plastic dry pretreatment system and a method thereof based on pyrolysis oil making, aiming at the requirements of the pyrolysis oil making process on the feed components and the characteristics of waste plastics, the system and the method adopt a dry method to treat the waste plastics with different mixing degrees and moisture contents, no extra water is added in the treatment process, so that no redundant waste water is generated, high-energy-consumption repeated dehydration and drying are not needed, the process is economic and efficient, the environment is friendly, and good impurity removal and dehydration effects can be achieved, so that the subsequent pyrolysis efficiency and the oil product quality are ensured to be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low value waste plastic dry pre-treatment system based on pyrolysis oil production of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To elaborate on technical solutions adopted by the present invention to achieve predetermined technical objects, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and technical means or technical features in the embodiments of the present invention may be replaced without creative efforts, and the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention relates to a low-value waste plastic dry pretreatment system based on pyrolysis oil production, which is characterized in that: comprises a feeding unit, a bag breaking unit, an organic matter removing unit, a non-polyolefin plastic unit, a large impurity removing and non-polyolefin plastic unit, a polyolefin film collecting unit, a crushing unit, a waste plastic moisture detection intelligent control unit, a dehydration unit, an iron removing unit, a paper and glass removing unit, a non-iron metal unit, a dehydration drying unit, a heavy impurity removing unit, a dry granulation making unit and an extrusion melting chlorine removing unit, wherein the feeding unit, the organic matter removing unit, the non-polyolefin plastic unit, the crushing unit, the waste plastic moisture detection intelligent control unit, the iron removing unit, the paper and glass removing unit, the non-iron metal unit, the dehydration drying unit and the heavy impurity removing unit are sequentially connected, two ends of the bag breaking unit are respectively connected with the feeding unit and the organic matter removing unit, one end of the large impurity removing and non-polyolefin plastic unit is connected with the organic matter removing unit, the other end of the large impurity removing and non-polyolefin plastic unit is connected with one end of the polyolefin film collecting unit, the other end of the polyolefin film collecting unit is connected with the crushing unit, and the heavy impurity removing unit is respectively connected with the dry particle making unit and the extrusion melting chlorine removing unit.
The feeding unit consists of a storage bin and a shaftless double-screw conveyor, and the shaftless double-screw conveyor is convenient for conveying low-value waste plastics which are easy to wind because of no central shaft interference.
The bag breaking unit adopts a bag breaking machine to break and disperse the materials packed by the domestic garbage packing bag and the plastic bag so as to release the garbage in the domestic garbage packing bag and the plastic bag.
The organic matter removing unit adopts a drum screen to screen out mixed organic matter components from the low-value waste plastics according to the particle size of the garbage.
Except that the polyolefin plastic unit adopts a light separator to remove non-polyolefin plastics such as PET, PVC, PS and the like; the optical separator is suitable for separating materials with simpler components.
Large impurities and non-polyolefin plastic removing units manually remove large-volume impurities such as long wooden sticks, large paper boards and long iron wires and non-polyolefin plastics such as PET bottles, PVC pipes and PS foams; compared with an optical separator, the manual separation is more suitable for separating materials with complex components.
And the polyolefin film collecting unit adopts a winnowing machine to recover light LDPE, HDPE, PP and other film plastics, and materials which are not recovered by the winnowing machine are removed.
The crushing unit adopts a coarse crusher to crush the material with the larger interferents removed into particles with a certain particle size range, so that subsequent impurity removal is facilitated.
The waste plastic moisture detection intelligent control unit automatically collects a certain amount of broken materials by a plastic moisture detector to detect the moisture content, and then intelligently guides the next step of the broken materials to go to the unit according to the requirement of the pyrolysis process on the moisture content of the fed materials.
The dewatering unit adopts a centrifuge to centrifugally separate the attached water and some impurities mixed with the crushed material, so as to realize primary drying.
The iron removal unit adopts a magnetic separator to remove iron-containing impurities in the materials.
The paper and glass removing unit adopts a ballistic sieve to remove impurities such as paper, glass and the like in the material.
Unless the ferrous metal unit uses an eddy current classifier to remove impurities containing non-ferrous metals (e.g., aluminum, copper, etc.) from the material.
The dehydration drying unit adopts a centrifugal machine with a hot air fan, hot air is introduced by the fan in the centrifugal machine, and the material is dried while being subjected to centrifugal dehydration and impurity removal, so that the moisture content in the material is reduced to a greater extent, and the subsequent links are more favorable for removing impurities on the surface of the plastic.
The heavy impurity removing unit adopts a density separator to remove heavy impurities such as sand and stones.
The granulating unit adopts a granulating machine to prepare the impurity-removed clean materials into granules, granular plastics are convenient to store, transport and continuously supply, and the granular plastics are beneficial to realizing sinking feeding in a hopper of a subsequent pyrolysis system.
The extrusion melting dechlorination unit adopts an extruder for feeding calcium oxide to extrude and melt the broken film-state plastic, and has the characteristics of realizing continuous feeding, adjusting discharging speed, further dehydrating and removing impurities in the extrusion process, improving the cleanliness of the plastic, and removing HCl generated by the decomposition of residual PVC due to the feeding of the calcium oxide in the unit to avoid the corrosion of the HCl to a pyrolysis system.
A processing method of a low-value waste plastic dry pretreatment system based on pyrolysis oil production specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, two raw materials are discharged into a feeding unit, wherein one raw material is a mixed recyclable material containing low-value waste plastics, and the other raw material is mixed domestic garbage containing low-value waste plastics; as shown in FIG. 1, a raw material is a mixed recyclables containing low value waste plastics, and the water content of the low value waste plastics separated therefrom is less than R value; b, the raw material is a mixed recyclable material containing low-value waste plastics, and the water content of the low-value waste plastics separated from the raw material is greater than the R value; c, the raw material is mixed domestic garbage containing low-value waste plastics, and the water content of the low-value waste plastics separated from the raw material is less than the R value; d, the raw material is mixed domestic garbage containing low-value waste plastics, and the water content of the low-value waste plastics separated from the raw material is greater than the R value.
Step two, when the raw materials are mixed recyclables, the raw materials in the feeding unit are directly conveyed into an organic matter removing unit, and mixed organic matter components are screened from the mixed recyclables by adopting a drum screen with the screen hole size of 40 cm; when the raw materials are mixed household garbage, the raw materials in the feeding unit are conveyed into the bag breaking unit, the bag breaking machine is used for breaking and dispersing the materials packed by the wrapping bags and the plastic bags to release the garbage in the materials, the materials are conveyed into the organic matter removing unit, and mixed organic matter components are screened from the mixed household garbage by adopting a screen drum screen with the screen hole size of 40 cm;
after organic matters are removed from the raw materials, the mixed recyclable materials enter a non-polyolefin plastic unit, non-polyolefin plastics such as PET, PVC, PS and the like are removed by a light separator, and then the materials are conveyed into a crushing unit; the mixed domestic garbage firstly enters a unit for removing large impurities and non-polyolefin plastics, large-volume impurities such as long wooden sticks and large paper boards and non-polyolefin plastics such as PET bottles, PVC pipes and PS foams are manually removed, then the mixed domestic garbage enters a unit for collecting polyolefin films, a winnowing machine is adopted to recover light LDPE, HDPE, PP and other film plastics, the recovered film plastics are finally conveyed to a crushing unit, and materials which are not recovered by the winnowing machine are removed;
after the materials enter a crushing unit, crushing the materials with the large interferents removed into particles with the size of 4cm by using a coarse crusher, and then conveying the particles into a waste plastic moisture detection intelligent control unit;
after the crushed materials enter the waste plastic moisture detection intelligent control unit, automatically collecting a certain amount of crushed materials, sending the crushed materials into a plastic moisture detector for moisture content detection, and then intelligently guiding the next step of the crushed materials to go to the unit according to an R value set by the pyrolysis process for the moisture content requirement of the fed materials;
step six, whether the initial raw materials are mixed recyclable materials or mixed household garbage, when the test value of the water content in the waste plastic water detection intelligent control unit is lower than the R value, the materials are directly sent to an iron removal unit, and the iron-containing impurities in the materials are removed by a magnetic separator; when the test value of the water content in the waste plastic water detection intelligent control unit is higher than the R value, the materials are firstly sent into a dehydration unit, attached water and some impurities mixed with the crushed materials are centrifugally separated by a centrifugal machine, then the materials are sent into an iron removal unit, and iron-containing impurities in the materials are removed by a magnetic separator;
seventhly, after removing iron-containing impurities from the materials, conveying the materials into a paper and glass removing unit, and removing the impurities such as paper, glass and the like in the materials by adopting a ballistic sieve;
step eight, after paper and glass impurities are removed from the materials, conveying the materials into a non-ferrous metal unit, and removing non-ferrous metal impurities in the materials by using an eddy current separator;
step nine, after removing non-iron metal impurities from the materials, conveying the materials into a dehydration drying unit, and drying the materials while further dehydrating and removing impurities by using a centrifugal machine with introduced hot air;
step ten, after further dehydration and drying, conveying the materials into a heavy impurity removal unit, and removing heavy impurities such as sand and stone by using a density separator;
step eleven, after heavy impurities of the materials are removed, two removing directions are provided, wherein one removing direction is to send the materials into a dry particle making unit, the materials which are cleaned by the impurities are made into particles by a particle agglomerating machine under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and the particle-state materials are sent into a subsequent pyrolysis system; and the other direction is to send the materials into an extrusion melting dechlorination unit, and an extruder is adopted to carry out melting extrusion on the broken film plastic and send the plastic into a subsequent pyrolysis system.
The invention provides a low-value waste plastic dry pretreatment system and a method thereof based on pyrolysis oil making, aiming at the requirements of the pyrolysis oil making process on the feed components and the characteristics of waste plastics, the system and the method adopt a dry method to treat the waste plastics with different mixing degrees and moisture contents, no extra water is added in the treatment process, so that no redundant waste water is generated, high-energy-consumption repeated dehydration and drying are not needed, the process is economic and efficient, the environment is friendly, and good impurity removal and dehydration effects can be achieved, so that the subsequent pyrolysis efficiency and the oil product quality are ensured to be improved.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A low-value waste plastic dry-type pretreatment system based on pyrolysis oil production is characterized in that: comprises a feeding unit, a bag breaking unit, an organic matter removing unit, a non-polyolefin plastic unit, a large impurity removing and non-polyolefin plastic unit, a polyolefin film collecting unit, a crushing unit, a waste plastic moisture detection intelligent control unit, a dehydration unit, an iron removing unit, a paper and glass removing unit, a non-iron metal unit, a dehydration drying unit and a heavy impurity removing unit, wherein the feeding unit, the organic matter removing unit, the non-polyolefin plastic unit, the crushing unit, the waste plastic moisture detection intelligent control unit, the iron removing unit, the paper and glass removing unit, the non-iron metal unit, the dehydration drying unit and the heavy impurity removing unit are sequentially connected, two ends of the bag breaking unit are respectively connected with the feeding unit and the organic matter removing unit, one end of the large impurity removing and non-polyolefin plastic unit is connected with the organic matter removing unit, the other end of the large impurity removing and non-polyolefin plastic unit is connected with one end of the polyolefin film collecting unit, the other end of the polyolefin film collecting unit is connected with the crushing unit.
2. A low value waste plastic dry pre-treatment system based on pyrolysis oil production according to claim 1, characterized in that: the feeding unit consists of a storage bin and a shaftless double-screw conveyor, and the bag breaking unit adopts a bag breaking machine.
3. A low value waste plastic dry pre-treatment system based on pyrolysis oil production according to claim 1, characterized in that: the organic matter removing unit adopts a drum screen, and the large impurity and non-polyolefin plastic removing unit adopts manual removal unless the polyolefin plastic unit adopts a light separator.
4. A low value waste plastic dry pre-treatment system based on pyrolysis oil production according to claim 1, characterized in that: the polyolefin film collecting unit adopts a winnowing machine.
5. A low value waste plastic dry pre-treatment system based on pyrolysis oil production according to claim 1, characterized in that: the crushing unit adopts a coarse crusher, and the waste plastic moisture detection intelligent control unit adopts a plastic moisture detector.
6. A low value waste plastic dry pre-treatment system based on pyrolysis oil production according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dehydration unit adopts a centrifuge.
7. A low value waste plastic dry pre-treatment system based on pyrolysis oil production according to claim 1, characterized in that: the iron removing unit adopts a magnetic separator, the paper and glass removing unit adopts a ballistic sieve, and the iron metal removing unit adopts an eddy current separator.
8. A low value waste plastic dry pre-treatment system based on pyrolysis oil production according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dehydration drying unit adopts a centrifuge with a hot air fan, and the heavy impurity removing unit adopts a density separator.
9. A low value waste plastic dry pre-treatment system based on pyrolysis oil production according to claim 1, characterized in that: the device also comprises a dry particle making unit and an extrusion melting chlorine removal unit, wherein the heavy impurity removal unit is respectively connected with the dry particle making unit and the extrusion melting chlorine removal unit, the dry particle making unit adopts a granulating machine, and the extrusion melting chlorine removal unit adopts an extruder for feeding calcium oxide.
10. A method for processing a low value waste plastic dry pre-processing system based on pyrolysis oil production according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the steps of:
firstly, two raw materials are discharged into a feeding unit, wherein one raw material is a mixed recyclable material containing low-value waste plastics, and the other raw material is mixed domestic garbage containing low-value waste plastics;
step two, when the raw materials are mixed recyclables, the raw materials in the feeding unit are directly conveyed into an organic matter removing unit, and mixed organic matter components are screened from the mixed recyclables by adopting a drum screen with the screen hole size of 40 cm; when the raw materials are mixed household garbage, the raw materials in the feeding unit are conveyed into the bag breaking unit, the bag breaking machine is used for breaking and dispersing the materials packed by the wrapping bags and the plastic bags to release the garbage in the materials, the materials are conveyed into the organic matter removing unit, and mixed organic matter components are screened from the mixed household garbage by adopting a screen drum screen with the screen hole size of 40 cm;
after organic matters are removed from the raw materials, the mixed recyclable materials enter a non-polyolefin plastic unit, the non-polyolefin plastic is removed by a light sorting machine, and then the mixed recyclable materials are conveyed into a crushing unit; the mixed domestic garbage enters a large impurity and non-polyolefin plastic removing unit firstly, large and large volume impurities and non-polyolefin plastics are removed manually, then the mixed domestic garbage enters a polyolefin film collecting unit, a wind separator is adopted to recover light film plastics, the recovered film plastics are conveyed to a crushing unit finally, and materials which are not recovered by the wind separator are removed;
after the materials enter a crushing unit, crushing the materials with the large interferents removed into particles with the size of 4cm by using a coarse crusher, and then conveying the particles into a waste plastic moisture detection intelligent control unit;
after the crushed materials enter the waste plastic moisture detection intelligent control unit, automatically collecting a certain amount of crushed materials, sending the crushed materials into a plastic moisture detector for moisture content detection, and then intelligently guiding the next step of the crushed materials to go to the unit according to an R value set by the pyrolysis process for the moisture content requirement of the fed materials;
step six, whether the initial raw materials are mixed recyclable materials or mixed household garbage, when the test value of the water content in the waste plastic water detection intelligent control unit is lower than the R value, the materials are directly sent to an iron removal unit, and the iron-containing impurities in the materials are removed by a magnetic separator; when the test value of the water content in the waste plastic water detection intelligent control unit is higher than the R value, the materials are firstly sent into a dehydration unit, attached water and some impurities mixed with the crushed materials are centrifugally separated by a centrifugal machine, then the materials are sent into an iron removal unit, and iron-containing impurities in the materials are removed by a magnetic separator;
seventhly, after removing iron-containing impurities from the materials, conveying the materials into a paper and glass removing unit, and removing the paper and glass impurities from the materials by adopting a ballistic screen;
step eight, after paper and glass impurities are removed from the materials, conveying the materials into a non-ferrous metal unit, and removing non-ferrous metal impurities in the materials by using an eddy current separator;
step nine, after removing non-iron metal impurities from the materials, conveying the materials into a dehydration drying unit, and drying the materials while further dehydrating and removing impurities by using a centrifugal machine with introduced hot air;
step ten, after further dehydration and drying, conveying the materials into a heavy impurity removing unit, and removing heavy impurities by using a density separator;
step eleven, after heavy impurities of the materials are removed, two removing directions are provided, wherein one removing direction is to send the materials into a dry particle making unit, the materials which are cleaned by the impurities are made into particles by a particle agglomerating machine under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and the particle-state materials are sent into a subsequent pyrolysis system; and the other direction is to send the materials into an extrusion melting dechlorination unit, and an extruder is adopted to carry out melting extrusion on the broken film plastic and send the plastic into a subsequent pyrolysis system.
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