CN113233556A - Ship ballast water microorganism concentration device and method - Google Patents

Ship ballast water microorganism concentration device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113233556A
CN113233556A CN202110553849.1A CN202110553849A CN113233556A CN 113233556 A CN113233556 A CN 113233556A CN 202110553849 A CN202110553849 A CN 202110553849A CN 113233556 A CN113233556 A CN 113233556A
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China
Prior art keywords
water
ballast water
concentration tank
ship ballast
microorganism
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CN202110553849.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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王成法
高琪
潘新祥
李冬青
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Dalian Maritime University
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Dalian Maritime University
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Priority to CN202110553849.1A priority Critical patent/CN113233556A/en
Publication of CN113233556A publication Critical patent/CN113233556A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/008Originating from marine vessels, ships and boats, e.g. bilge water or ballast water
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04Disinfection

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a microbial concentration device and method for ship ballast water, and relates to the field of ships. The device comprises a concentration tank and a low-voltage direct-current power supply, wherein the left and right side plates of the concentration tank are plate electrodes, microorganism gathering grooves are symmetrically arranged on the left and right side plate electrodes, and the front and rear side plates, the upper cover plate and the bottom plate of the concentration tank are insulating plates; a water inlet and a water outlet are formed in the concentration tank; the bottom of each microorganism gathering tank is provided with a sample outlet; and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the low-voltage direct-current power supply are respectively connected with the left side electrode plate and the right side electrode plate. The invention utilizes the interface electric transmission phenomenon to concentrate the microorganisms in the ship ballast water, is not influenced by the cleanliness of the ship ballast water, can work for a long time without frequently cleaning and maintaining equipment, is time-saving and labor-saving, has low cost and wide application range, and can realize convenient and efficient concentration of the microorganisms in the ship ballast water.

Description

Ship ballast water microorganism concentration device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ships, in particular to a ship ballast water microorganism concentration device and method.
Background
The ballast water can keep the ship to have draft at a certain depth without overturning when the ship is in no load, and the safe navigation of the ship is ensured. However, when ocean-going vessels travel between oceans, the ecological balance of the local waters is severely affected if a large number of microorganisms contained in the ballast water of the vessel enter another completely new water lacking natural enemies from one water. Therefore, the rapid concentration and identification of the microorganisms in the ballast water of the ship are of great significance for preventing the invasion of foreign organisms and preventing the pollution of the ship to the water area environment.
The ballast water loaded by ocean-going ships can reach 50% of the cargo capacity of the ships. Therefore, the amount of the ship ballast water is huge, the microorganisms in the ship ballast water are quickly concentrated, the detection and identification efficiency of the microorganisms can be improved, and the method is a precondition for the detection of the microorganisms in the ship ballast water. The existing microorganism concentration method for the ballast water of the ship is mostly realized by introducing a microfiltration membrane or a nanofiltration membrane through a filtration method. In general, a 50 μm sieve can be used to filter out plankton in the ship ballast water, while a 20 μm sieve can be used to filter out most of the plankton in the ballast water. Although this method is environmentally friendly, the filter screen is easily clogged and loses its filtering effect because of a large amount of floc contained in the ballast water of the ship, and therefore, the filter screen needs to be repeatedly washed or replaced, which takes time and labor. As mentioned above, the existing microorganism concentration technology for ship ballast water still has certain limitations.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ship ballast water microorganism concentration device and a ship ballast water microorganism concentration method, aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art.
The invention provides a ship ballast water microorganism concentration device which comprises a concentration tank and a low-voltage direct-current power supply, wherein the left and right side wall surfaces of the concentration tank are provided with electrode plates, and the front and rear side wall surfaces, an upper cover plate and a bottom plate of the concentration tank are insulation plates; microorganism gathering grooves are symmetrically arranged on the left side electrode plate and the right side electrode plate; a water inlet and a water outlet are formed in the concentration tank; the bottom of each microorganism gathering tank is provided with a sample outlet; and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the low-voltage direct-current power supply are respectively connected with the left side electrode plate and the right side electrode plate.
In the above technical solution, further, the number of the microorganism collecting grooves on the electrode plate is at least one.
In the above technical solution, further, the microorganism gathering tank is C-shaped, and is of an integrally formed structure with the electrode plate.
In the above technical solution, further, the water inlet is communicated with a water inlet pipe, and a water inlet pump and an electromagnetic valve are arranged on the water inlet pipe; the water outlet is communicated with a water discharge pipe through a water discharge valve; the sample outlet is communicated with the sample collecting pipe through a sample discharging valve.
In the above technical solution, further, the device further includes a water level detector, the water level detector is located on the side wall of the concentration tank, and the water level detector is electrically connected with the electromagnetic valve through a controller.
In the above technical solution, further, the insulating plate is made of PVC.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for concentrating microorganisms in ship ballast water by using the above apparatus, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, water inflow: firstly, injecting ship ballast water into a concentration tank from a water inlet;
s2, applying an electric field: starting a low-voltage direct-current power supply, electrifying the electrode plate, generating a low-voltage direct-current electric field in the concentration tank, and gathering microorganisms in the ship ballast water in a microorganism gathering tank on the electrode plate after the direct-current electric field operates for a period of time;
s3, sampling: discharging the ship ballast water in the microorganism gathering tank through a sample discharge port by utilizing differential pressure discharge to obtain a concentrated sample.
In the technical scheme, further, when water enters, the ship ballast water enters the concentration tank until the water level detector is immersed, the water level detector transmits a signal to the electromagnetic valve, the electromagnetic valve is closed, and water entering is stopped.
In the above technical solution, further, the voltage of the low voltage dc power supply is 1-5V.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the air-water interface generally carries charges, and the charges on the interface attract ions of different sign in water and repel ions of the same sign, and finally form an electric double layer in a water area near the air-water interface. Under the action of an external direct current electric field, excessive different-sign ions in the electric double layer move to one side of the electric field. The moving ions drive water molecules to move through a viscous effect to form electroosmotic flow. The movement of electroosmotic flow can apply shear stress to act on the air-water interface, and simultaneously, the direct current electric field can also apply electric field force to act on the charges of the air-water interface, so that the air-water interface is moved, and the moved interface drives the surrounding aqueous solution to move through the viscous action, thereby forming the interface electric transmission phenomenon. In addition, the surface of the microorganism (such as microalgae) in the ship ballast water also has electric charges, and the microorganism-water interface can also generate an electric transmission phenomenon under the action of an external direct current electric field.
When a low-voltage DC electric field is applied to water, the interfacial electrokinetic transport phenomenon generated by the horizontal air-water interface can make the surrounding water solution flow, and the flowing water solution can exert a hydrodynamic force on microorganisms. Meanwhile, the electroosmotic flow generated on the surface of the microorganism under the action of the low-voltage direct current electric field can apply an additional hydrodynamic force to act on the microorganism. Under the combined action of the two hydrodynamic forces, microorganisms move to the electrode on one side of the direct current electric field and finally gather on one side of the electrode plate. The direction of movement of the microorganisms depends on the nature of the air-water interface and the charge on itself.
Because the electrode plates are provided with the microorganism gathering grooves with the C-shaped structures, microorganisms in the ship ballast water can gather in the concave parts of the microorganism gathering grooves under the action of the direct current electric field. And after the low-voltage direct current electric field acts for a period of time, opening the sample discharge valve, and discharging a water sample with higher microorganism content at the microorganism accumulation groove to obtain a concentrated ship ballast water sample.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the device concentrates the microorganisms in the ship ballast water by utilizing the interface electric transmission phenomenon, is not influenced by the cleanliness of the ship ballast water, can work for a long time without frequently cleaning and maintaining equipment, is time-saving and labor-saving, has low cost and wide application range, and can realize convenient and efficient concentration of the microorganisms in the ship ballast water;
2. the invention can carry out the gathering and concentration treatment of the microorganisms in the ballast water of the ship under the action of the low-voltage direct-current electric field, does not need a high-voltage direct-current power supply for power supply and has small power consumption;
3. the low-voltage direct current used in the invention can not kill microorganisms in the ship ballast water, and chemical reagents do not need to be added into the ship ballast water, so that the detection of the activity of the microorganisms in the subsequent ship ballast water concentrated sample can not be influenced;
4. the invention uses low-voltage direct current to avoid chemical reaction caused by water electrolysis, thereby generating no flammable and explosive gases such as hydrogen and the like and having better safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a microbial concentration device for ballast water of a ship according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the microbial concentration apparatus for ship ballast water according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the electrode plate structure of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, a water inlet; 2. a water inlet pump; 3. an electromagnetic valve; 4. an electrode plate; 5. a sample collection tube; 6. an insulating plate; 7. a drain valve; 8. a water outlet; 9. a bleed valve; 10. a sample outlet; 11. a water level detector; 12. wire, 13, low voltage DC power supply.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the invention provides a device for microorganism concentration of ship ballast water, comprising a concentration tank and a low-voltage direct current power supply 13, wherein the left and right side walls of the concentration tank are provided with electrode plates 4, and the electrode plates 4 are connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the low-voltage direct current power supply 13 through leads 12; the front and rear side wall surfaces, the upper cover and the bottom plate of the concentration tank are PVC insulation plates 6; microorganism gathering grooves are symmetrically arranged on the electrode plates on the left side and the right side, are C-shaped and are in an integrated structure with the electrode plate 4; the concentration tank is provided with a water inlet 1 and a water outlet 8; the water inlet 1 is communicated with a water inlet pipe, and a water inlet pump 2 and an electromagnetic valve 3 are arranged on the water inlet pipe; the water outlet 8 is communicated with a water drainage pipe through a water drainage valve 8; sample outlets 10 are formed in the concave positions of the microorganism gathering tanks, and the sample outlets 10 are communicated with the sample collecting pipe 5 through a stock discharge valve 9 and used for collecting concentrated microorganism samples of the ship ballast water; the water level detector 11 is located on the side wall of the concentration tank, is electrically connected with the electromagnetic valve 3 through a controller, and is used for controlling the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve 3.
The invention also provides a method for concentrating microorganisms in ship ballast water, which comprises the following steps:
s1, water inflow: firstly, injecting ship ballast water into a concentration tank from a water inlet 1 through a water inlet pump 2 until a water level detector 11 is immersed, closing an electromagnetic valve 3 and stopping water inflow;
s2, applying an electric field: turning on a low-voltage direct-current power supply 13 to electrify the electrode plate 4, wherein the electrode plate 4 generates a low-voltage direct-current electric field in the concentration tank, and microorganisms in the ship ballast water can be gathered in a microorganism gathering tank of the electrode plate 4 after the direct-current electric field acts for a period of time; the voltage of the low-voltage direct-current power supply is 1-5V;
s3, sampling: and opening a sample discharge valve 9 to discharge the ship ballast water at the sunken part of the microorganism gathering tank, and obtaining a concentrated sample of the ship ballast water at a sample outlet 10.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
generally, the air-water interface has charges, and the charges on the interface attract unlike ions in water and repel like ions, and finally form an electric double layer in the water area near the air-water interface. Under the action of an external direct current electric field, excessive different-sign ions in the electric double layer move to one side of the electric field. The moving ions drive water molecules to move through a viscous effect to form electroosmotic flow. The movement of electroosmotic flow can apply shear stress to act on the air-water interface, and simultaneously, the direct current electric field can also apply electric field force to act on the electric charge of the air-water interface, so that the air-water interface is moved, and the moved interface drives surrounding liquid to move through viscous action, thereby forming an interface electric transmission phenomenon. Similarly, an electric double layer is formed on the surface of the microorganisms in the ship ballast water, and an interfacial electrokinetic transmission phenomenon is generated on the surface of the microorganisms under the action of an external direct current electric field.
When a low-voltage DC electric field is applied to water, the interfacial electrokinetic transport phenomenon generated by the horizontal air-water interface can make the surrounding water solution flow, and the flowing water solution can exert a hydrodynamic force on microorganisms. In addition, the electroosmotic flow generated on the surface of the microorganism under the action of the external direct current electric field also exerts hydrodynamic force on the microorganism. Under the combined action of the two hydrodynamic forces, the microorganisms move towards the electrode on the side of the direct current electric field and gather on the side of the electrode plate 4, and the electric movement direction of the microorganisms depends on the air-water interface and the property of charges carried by the microorganisms.
As shown in figure 3, the plate electrode 4 is provided with C-shaped microorganism gathering grooves, under the action of the low-voltage direct-current electric field, microorganisms in the ship ballast water can gather at the concave parts of the microorganism gathering grooves, after the low-voltage direct-current electric field acts for a period of time, the stock-discharge valve 9 is opened, a water sample with high microorganism content at the concave parts of the microorganism gathering grooves is discharged, concentrated ship ballast water samples are obtained, and the number of the microorganism gathering grooves on the plate electrode 4 can be increased or decreased according to actual requirements.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention and the equivalent alternatives or modifications according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a marine ballast water microorganism enrichment facility which characterized in that: the device comprises a concentration tank and a low-voltage direct-current power supply, wherein the left and right side wall surfaces of the concentration tank are provided with electrode plates, and the front and rear side wall surfaces, an upper cover plate and a bottom plate of the concentration tank are all insulation plates; microorganism gathering grooves are symmetrically arranged on the left side electrode plate and the right side electrode plate; a water inlet and a water outlet are formed in the concentration tank; the bottom of each microorganism gathering tank is provided with a sample outlet; and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the low-voltage direct-current power supply are respectively connected with the left side electrode plate and the right side electrode plate.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the number of the microorganism gathering grooves on the electrode plate is at least one.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the microorganism gathering groove is C-shaped and is in an integrated structure with the electrode plate.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the water inlet is communicated with a water inlet pipe, and a water inlet pump and an electromagnetic valve are arranged on the water inlet pipe; the water outlet is communicated with a water discharge pipe through a water discharge valve; the sample outlet is communicated with the sample collecting pipe through a sample discharging valve.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a water level detector, wherein the water level detector is positioned on the side wall of the concentration tank and is electrically connected with the electromagnetic valve through a controller.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the insulating plate is made of PVC.
7. A method for concentrating marine ballast water microorganisms using the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 6, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, water inflow: firstly, injecting ship ballast water into a concentration tank from a water inlet;
s2, applying an electric field: starting a low-voltage direct-current power supply, electrifying the electrode plate, generating a low-voltage direct-current electric field in the concentration tank, and gathering microorganisms in the ship ballast water in a microorganism gathering tank on the electrode plate after the direct-current electric field operates for a period of time;
s3, sampling: discharging the ship ballast water in the microorganism gathering tank through a sample discharge port by utilizing differential pressure discharge to obtain a concentrated sample.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: when water enters, the ship ballast water enters the concentration tank until the water level detector is immersed, the water level detector transmits a signal to the electromagnetic valve, the electromagnetic valve is closed, and water inlet is stopped.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the voltage of the low-voltage direct-current power supply is 1-5V.
CN202110553849.1A 2021-05-20 2021-05-20 Ship ballast water microorganism concentration device and method Pending CN113233556A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114410464A (en) * 2022-02-09 2022-04-29 苏州大学 Electric field induced bacteria gathering device and method

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101514324A (en) * 2009-03-30 2009-08-26 新奥科技发展有限公司 Method and device for collecting micro-algae
CN101730843A (en) * 2007-06-01 2010-06-09 过滤技术日本有限公司 Apparatus for concentrating dielectric microparticles
CN212731584U (en) * 2019-12-13 2021-03-19 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 Device of high-efficient desorption of temperature and humidity regulation and control fine particles thing
CN112773923A (en) * 2019-11-11 2021-05-11 天津大学 Electrostatic inactivation device and method for removing microbial aerosol in air
CN215048918U (en) * 2021-05-20 2021-12-07 大连海事大学 Ship ballast water microorganism concentration device

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101730843A (en) * 2007-06-01 2010-06-09 过滤技术日本有限公司 Apparatus for concentrating dielectric microparticles
CN101514324A (en) * 2009-03-30 2009-08-26 新奥科技发展有限公司 Method and device for collecting micro-algae
CN112773923A (en) * 2019-11-11 2021-05-11 天津大学 Electrostatic inactivation device and method for removing microbial aerosol in air
CN212731584U (en) * 2019-12-13 2021-03-19 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 Device of high-efficient desorption of temperature and humidity regulation and control fine particles thing
CN215048918U (en) * 2021-05-20 2021-12-07 大连海事大学 Ship ballast water microorganism concentration device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114410464A (en) * 2022-02-09 2022-04-29 苏州大学 Electric field induced bacteria gathering device and method

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