CN113229091A - Regulation and control method for alfalfa continuous cropping obstacle in grassland - Google Patents
Regulation and control method for alfalfa continuous cropping obstacle in grassland Download PDFInfo
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- CN113229091A CN113229091A CN202110682617.6A CN202110682617A CN113229091A CN 113229091 A CN113229091 A CN 113229091A CN 202110682617 A CN202110682617 A CN 202110682617A CN 113229091 A CN113229091 A CN 113229091A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of alfalfa planting, and particularly discloses a method for regulating and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of alfalfa in a grassland area, which comprises the steps of irrigating at the root part with 390-410mg/L sophocarpidine solution in the alfalfa planting and alfalfa branching stages. The method for regulating and controlling the continuous cropping obstacles of the alfalfa obviously promotes the growth of the continuous cropping alfalfa, has high-efficiency, broad-spectrum and obvious regulating and controlling effects, can effectively regulate and control the composition and diversity of the microbial community of the continuous cropping soil, and has the advantages of simplicity, short time consumption and obvious effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alfalfa planting, in particular to a method for regulating and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of alfalfa in grassland areas.
Background
The alfalfa continuous cropping obstacles generally occur in the world, in order to improve the economic benefits of alfalfa and promote the industrialized development of alfalfa, although many researches on regulating and controlling the alfalfa continuous cropping obstacles are made, most of regulating and controlling methods are breeding resistant varieties, soil disinfection, biological control, additional application of organic fertilizers and the like. However, most of the methods for relieving the continuous cropping obstacles have a series of problems of overhigh cost, overlong operation time, unobvious effect, imperfect technology and the like in the actual agricultural production. In most cases, the economic benefit can be improved only by continuous cropping of crops, so that the method for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles by adopting rotation cropping, intercropping and the like is feasible. The crops such as barley, alfalfa and the like are planted among the fruit tree rows, so that the land area can be reasonably utilized to promote the growth of the crops, and the economic benefit can be increased. However, in order to prevent the change of the purpose of the grassland and the generation of wasteland cultivation, the planting mode is forbidden in the 'grassland law' and 'black dragon river grassland management regulation', so that the research on how to relieve the alfalfa continuous cropping obstacle is an urgent need for the production of the grassland pasture. The search for a simple, economic and legal measure has become the mainstream mode at present, and the sterilization and disinfection of the soil is a simple and effective way for controlling the continuous cropping obstacle. Soil fumigation bactericides comprise dazomet, methyl bromide, chloropicrin, metam and the like, but most of the fumigation bactericides are harmful to human bodies and pollute the environment. It has become very important to find an environmentally friendly bactericide that can replace soil fumigants.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for preventing alfalfa continuous cropping obstacle in grassland areaThe regulation and control method comprises the step of pouring kuh-seng alkali solution with the concentration of 390-410mg/L into the roots, wherein the application amount is 90-135L/hm2Promoting the growth of alfalfa, and having high efficiency, broad spectrum and obvious regulation effect.
The invention provides a method for regulating and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of alfalfa in grassland, which comprises the following steps:
s1, alfalfa planting:
selecting continuous-cropping alfalfa field, planting alfalfa in different regions, drilling, and sowing at a sowing rate of 13-17kg/hm2The sowing depth is 2-3 cm;
s2, when the branch stage of alfalfa is finished, watering the root with the matrine solution with the concentration of 390-410mg/L and the application amount of 90-135L/hm2。
Further, in S1, the drill seeding is to plant 6-8 rows of alfalfa in each cell, the row spacing of the alfalfa is 28-32cm, the ridge length is 5-7m, and the area of each cell is 12.4-12.8m2。
Further, in S1, the drill seeding is to plant 7 rows of alfalfa in each cell, the row spacing of the alfalfa is 30cm, the ridge length is 6m, and the area of each cell is 12.6m2。
Further, in S1, weeds need to be removed periodically during planting to maintain field hygiene.
Further, in S2, the matrine solution was 400 mg/L.
Further, the alfalfa continuous cropping obstacle refers to the fact that alfalfa is continuously planted so that the contents of POD, SOD, MDA, soluble sugar, proline and chlorophyll in leaves of the alfalfa root system are reduced.
Furthermore, the alfalfa continuous cropping obstacle refers to the condition that the microorganism types in the soil are unbalanced by continuously planting alfalfa, specifically the quantity of soil actinomycetes and fungi is greatly increased, and the quantity of soil bacteria is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method can promote the growth of alfalfa, and has high efficiency, broad spectrum and obvious regulation effect.
2. The matrine used in the invention is used as a botanical fungicide, has the characteristics of low toxicity, low residue, environmental protection, no toxicity or harm to people and livestock and the like, and conforms to the current ecological development concept.
3. The matrine concentration of the invention is 390-410mg/L, which stimulates the germination of alfalfa seeds, promotes the migration and colonization of rhizobia from the alfalfa root to the stems and leaves of the overground part, and simultaneously promotes the number of single plant nodules, the weight of single plant nodules and the biomass of alfalfa plants.
4. The regulation and control method can effectively regulate and control the composition and diversity of the microbial community of the continuous cropping soil.
5. The regulation and control method is simple and consumes short time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows the effect of different concentrations of matrine on the POD activity of alfalfa in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different concentrations of matrine on the SOD activity of alfalfa in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the effect of matrine with different concentrations on the malondialdehyde content of alfalfa according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the effect of matrine with different concentrations on the soluble sugar content of alfalfa according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the effect of matrine with different concentrations on the proline content of Medicago sativa;
FIG. 6 shows the effect of matrine with different concentrations on the chlorophyll content of alfalfa according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of different concentrations of matrine on the number of soil bacteria in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of different concentrations of matrine on the number of soil fungi according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 shows the effect of matrine on soil actinomycetes at different concentrations according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods described in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A method for regulating and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of alfalfa in grassland areas specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, alfalfa planting:
selecting Longmu 801 alfalfa as an alfalfa planting material, selecting an alfalfa field for continuously planting for 7 years as a continuous cropping field, and arranging a model base for planting the alfalfa in the Delrin alfalfa in Ganan county of Qizaire City, Heilongjiang province. 47 degrees of north latitude and 85 degrees of north longitude, 123 degrees of east longitude and 39 degrees of south China, the contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and organic matters in the continuous cropping soil are 127.16mg/kg, 3.57mg/kg, 161.65mg/kg and 19.98g/kg respectively, and the pH value is 6.25;
adopting random block design, planting 7 rows of alfalfa in each cell, wherein the row spacing of the alfalfa is 30cm, the ridge length is 6m, and the area of each cell is 12.6m2Repeating the steps for 3 times, sowing in 2019, 6 months and 5 days, selecting full-grain alfalfa seeds with complete surfaces, and drilling according to a small region, wherein the sowing amount is 15kg/hm2The sowing depth is 2-3 cm;
s2, irrigating 400mg/L sophocarpidine solution at the root of alfalfa in branching stage, and applying 112.5L/hm sophocarpidine solution2And weeds need to be removed regularly during the planting period of the test field, so that the field sanitation is kept.
Example 2
A regulation and control method for alfalfa continuous cropping obstacles in grassland is basically the same as that in example 1, and is characterized in that:
s2, irrigating 410mg/L matrine solution to 90L/hm at branch stage of alfalfa2。
Example 3
A regulation and control method for alfalfa continuous cropping obstacles in grassland is basically the same as that in example 1, and is characterized in that:
s2, pouring kuh-seng alkali solution with 390mg/L concentration at root when branching alfalfa, applying 135L/hm2。
Comparative example 1
A regulation and control method for alfalfa continuous cropping obstacles in grassland is basically the same as that in example 1, and is characterized in that:
in S2, when the branch stage of alfalfa comes, the same amount of tap water is poured into the root.
Comparative example 2
A regulation and control method for alfalfa continuous cropping obstacles in grassland is basically the same as that in example 1, and is characterized in that:
in S2, 200mg/L matrine solution is irrigated to the roots of the alfalfa in the branching stage.
Comparative example 3
A regulation and control method for alfalfa continuous cropping obstacles in grassland is basically the same as that in example 1, and is characterized in that:
in S2, during the branching stage of alfalfa, the root is irrigated with 300mg/L matrine solution.
Comparative example 4
A regulation and control method for alfalfa continuous cropping obstacles in grassland is basically the same as that in example 1, and is characterized in that:
in S2, the root is irrigated with 500mg/L matrine solution when the alfalfa branches.
Comparative example 5
A regulation and control method for alfalfa continuous cropping obstacles in grassland is basically the same as that in example 1, and is characterized in that:
in S2, during the branching stage of alfalfa, 600mg/L matrine solution is poured into the roots.
The experimental results of the embodiments 1-3 of the invention are similar, and the growth index, the physiological index and the soil microorganism index of the alfalfa are detected in the bud stage by taking the embodiment 1 as a representative.
Comparing example 1 with comparative examples 1-5, the method for detecting the growth index, physiological index and soil microorganism index of alfalfa under different concentrations of matrine solution comprises the following steps:
(1) growth index
The plant height: randomly selecting 10 alfalfa plants in each cell, measuring the absolute height from the ground to the highest part of a new leaf of each plant by using a ruler, and taking the average value as the plant height.
② the number of branches: randomly selecting 10 alfalfa plants in each cell to count the number of branches.
Length of internode: 10 alfalfa plants were randomly selected for each plot and the length of each branch was measured with a ruler.
Fourthly, fresh weight: and randomly selecting a sample section of 1m2 from each cell in the branching period to cut, keeping the stubble height to be 5cm, converting the fresh grass yield per hectare after measuring, repeating for 3 times, and taking an average value.
Dry weight: the harvested fresh grass is taken back to a laboratory to be air-dried, the fresh grass is dried to constant weight at 65 ℃, the fresh grass yield per hectare is converted after the measurement, the operation is repeated for 3 times, and the average value is taken.
(2) Physiological index
Firstly, the activity of Peroxidase (POD) in root system is measured-guaiacol method
② method for measuring activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) of root system-nitro blue tetrazolium
③ TBA method for measuring Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of root system
Determination of soluble sugar content in root system-anthrone method
Measurement of proline content in root system-acid ninhydrin colorimetric method
SPAD-502 chlorophyll instrument for measuring chlorophyll content in leaves
(3) Soil microbiological indicator
The number of fungi: 0.2mL of the solution was taken up at 10-2、10-3、10-4The soil is diluted and evenly coated on Martin-Bengal red culture, and the Martin-Bengal red culture is carried out for 5-7 days at the temperature of 28 ℃. Counting and converting into the number of colonies in CFU/g soil.
② the number of actinomycetes: 0.2mL of the solution was taken up at 10-3、10-4、10-5Diluting the soilUniformly spreading on modified Gao's first culture medium, and culturing at 28-31 deg.C for 5-7 days. Counting and converting into the number of colonies in CFU/g soil.
③ the number of bacteria: 0.2mL of the solution was taken up at 10-4、10-5、10-6The obtained extract is diluted by soil, evenly spread on a beef extract peptone agar culture medium, and cultured for 2-4 days at 37 ℃. Counting and converting into the number of colonies in CFU/g soil.
The growth index detection results are as follows:
TABLE 1 Effect of different concentrations of matrine on continuous cropping alfalfa
By adopting a grey correlation evaluation method, 5 indexes of plant height (X1), branch number (X2), internode length (X3), fresh weight (X4) and dry weight (X5) are selected, an evaluation system is established, and the regulation and control capacity and effect of each concentration treatment of matrine on alfalfa continuous cropping obstacle are comprehensively evaluated, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 comprehensive analysis of Gray correlation for the production Performance of alfalfa in continuous cropping
The weight values of 5 indexes of the production performance are respectively as follows: as ω 1 is 0.223, ω 2 is 0.224, ω 3 is 0.159, ω 4 is 0.188, and ω 5 is 0.206, it can be known that the magnitude of the degree of association between the 5 evaluation indexes in this comprehensive evaluation system is: branching number > plant height > dry weight > fresh weight > internode length. The weighted correlation degree is high, which indicates that the similarity degree of the production performance of the alfalfa and the optimal index set is higher when the matrine concentration is processed, namely the comprehensive performance is more excellent, otherwise, the difference is large, and the performance is poorer. The weighted relevance ranking was 400mg/L (example) > tap water (comparative example 1) >200mg/L (comparative example 2) >600mg/L (comparative example 5) >300mg/L (comparative example 3) >500mg/L (comparative example 4). The result shows that 400mg/L of the matrine in example 1 can effectively regulate and control the continuous cropping alfalfa.
The detection results of the physiological indexes are shown in figures 1-6:
the result shows that after the alfalfa is subjected to root irrigation treatment by matrine, matrine with proper concentration can improve the content of POD, SOD, soluble sugar, proline and chlorophyll in leaves of the root system, and simultaneously reduce the content of MDA in the root system.
The invention adopts a membership function method to comprehensively evaluate the response of the physiological indexes of the continuous cropping alfalfa to different matrine concentrations, and the membership function method carries out comprehensive evaluation on the measured physiological indexes after the continuous cropping alfalfa is treated by matrine with different concentrations, wherein the physiological indexes comprise POD, SOD, MDA, soluble sugar, proline and chlorophyll. And adding the membership function values of all physiological indexes of the tested material to obtain the membership value of the average value. If the membership value is larger, the regulation effect is better.
TABLE 3 comprehensive evaluation of matrine to physical index of alfalfa in continuous cropping
As can be seen from Table 3, the comprehensive arrangement sequence of the control effect is as follows: 400mg/L (example 1) >600mg/L (comparative example 5) >300mg/L (comparative example 3) >500mg/L (comparative example 4) > CK (comparative example 1) >200mg/L (comparative example 2).
The soil microorganism indicator results are shown in FIGS. 7-9;
from FIGS. 7-9, it can be seen that the amount of soil bacteria and the amount of soil actinomycetes and fungi are increased by irrigating 400mg/L of the alfalfa under the continuous cropping condition, and therefore, when the concentration of the matrine is 400mg/L (example 1), the continuous cropping alfalfa soil microorganism is optimal, and therefore, the regulation effect of example 1 is much higher than that of comparative examples 1-5.
In conclusion, the regulation and control method can effectively relieve the continuous cropping obstacles of the alfalfa, and can effectively regulate and control the production performance, the physiological characteristics and the soil microorganisms of the alfalfa.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. A method for regulating and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of alfalfa in grassland is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, alfalfa planting:
selecting continuous-cropping alfalfa field, planting alfalfa in different regions, drilling, and sowing at a sowing rate of 13-17kg/hm2The sowing depth is 2-3 cm;
s2, when the branch stage of alfalfa is finished, watering the root with the matrine solution with the concentration of 390-410mg/L and the application amount of 90-135L/hm2。
2. The method for controlling the alfalfa continuous cropping obstacles in the grassland area according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the drilling is specifically to plant 6-8 rows of alfalfa in each cell, the alfalfa row spacing is 28-32cm, the ridge length is 5-7m, and the area of each cell is 12.4-12.8m2。
3. The method for controlling the alfalfa continuous cropping obstacles in the grassland area according to claim 2, characterized in that in S1, the drill is specifically planting 7 lines of alfalfa in each cell, the alfalfa row spacing is 30cm, the ridge length is 6m, and the area of each cell is 12.6m2。
4. The method for controlling alfalfa continuous cropping obstacles in grasslands as claimed in claim 3, wherein in S1, weeds need to be removed periodically during planting to keep the field sanitary.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the sophocarpidine solution is 400mg/L in S2.
6. The method for regulating and controlling alfalfa continuous cropping obstacles in grasslands according to claim 1, characterized in that the alfalfa continuous cropping obstacles refer to continuously planting alfalfa so that the content of POD, SOD, MDA, soluble sugars, proline and chlorophyll in leaves of alfalfa roots is reduced.
7. The method for controlling the alfalfa continuous cropping obstacles in the grassland area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alfalfa continuous cropping obstacles refer to the fact that the continuous planting of alfalfa causes the imbalance of the types of microorganisms in the soil, specifically, the number of soil actinomycetes and fungi is greatly increased, and the number of soil bacteria is reduced.
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