CN113223388B - Cough and vomiting simulator for infection dissemination research - Google Patents
Cough and vomiting simulator for infection dissemination research Download PDFInfo
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- CN113223388B CN113223388B CN202110509006.1A CN202110509006A CN113223388B CN 113223388 B CN113223388 B CN 113223388B CN 202110509006 A CN202110509006 A CN 202110509006A CN 113223388 B CN113223388 B CN 113223388B
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Abstract
The invention provides a cough and vomiting simulation device for infection dissemination research, which comprises a cough simulation unit and a vomiting simulation unit; the cough simulation unit includes: a first tube having a first piston disposed therein and having a gas chamber; a first drive means for driving the first piston; the atomizer is filled with a first solution, an air outlet of the atomizer is communicated with the gas chamber, and the first solution is added with a first fluorescent tracer; an exhaust pipe, one end of which is communicated with the gas chamber; the vomiting simulation unit includes: the second tube body is internally provided with a second piston which is provided with a liquid cavity, a second solution is contained in the liquid cavity, and a second fluorescent tracer is added into the second solution; the second driving device is used for driving the second piston to move back and forth in the second pipe body; and one end of the liquid discharge pipe is communicated with the liquid chamber. The invention provides assistance in the study of styling and methods of detachment of personal protective articles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a cough and vomiting simulation device for infection and dissemination research.
Background
At present, when medical staff diagnose infectious diseases (such as new coronavirus diseases) patients, the cough and vomit of the patients can cause the wide-range exposure of the medical staff due to the frequent contact between the medical staff and the patients, so that the protective articles are polluted. There is currently a lack of research on such extensive exposure, which is detrimental to subsequent styling and removal methods for personal protective products.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cough and vomiting simulation apparatus for infection dissemination studies to aid in the study of styling and methods of detachment of personal protective products.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a cough and vomiting simulation device for infection dissemination research, which comprises a base, a cough simulation unit and a vomiting simulation unit, wherein the cough simulation unit and the vomiting simulation unit are arranged on the base;
the cough simulation unit includes:
a first tube having a first piston disposed therein and having a gas chamber;
the first driving device is arranged at one end of the first pipe body and is used for driving the first piston to move back and forth in the first pipe body;
the atomizer is filled with a first solution and used for atomizing the first solution, the gas outlet of the atomizer is communicated with the gas chamber, and a first fluorescent tracer is added into the first solution;
an exhaust pipe, one end of which is communicated with the gas chamber; and
a first electromagnetic valve provided on the exhaust pipe;
the vomiting simulation unit includes:
the second pipe body is internally provided with a second piston which is provided with a liquid cavity, a second solution is contained in the liquid cavity, and a second fluorescent tracer is added into the second solution;
the second driving device is arranged at one end of the second pipe body and is used for driving the second piston to move back and forth in the second pipe body;
a liquid discharge pipe, one end of which is communicated with the liquid chamber; and
and the second electromagnetic valve is arranged on the liquid discharge pipe.
Further, the atomizer is communicated with the gas chamber through a gas inlet pipe, and a third electromagnetic valve is arranged on the gas inlet pipe.
Further, the first driving device includes:
the first end cover is detachably arranged at one end of the first pipe body and is provided with a central hole;
a guide wheel disposed on the first end cap, outside the first tube;
a traction rope, one end of which is connected with the first piston, and the other end of which passes through the central hole and bypasses the guide wheel;
the winding drum is connected with the other end of the traction rope and is used for winding or releasing the traction rope;
the pressure spring is arranged in the first pipe body, and two ends of the pressure spring are respectively abutted against the first piston and the first end cover; and
the first motor is used for driving the winding drum to rotate.
Further, the second driving device includes:
the second end cover is detachably arranged at one end of the second pipe body;
a scissor mechanism connecting the second piston and the second end cap such that the second piston reciprocates relative to the second end cap; and
a drive unit disposed on the second end cap for driving the scissors mechanism.
The gas cavity is arranged in the gas cavity, the gas cavity is arranged at the other end of the first pipe body, the gas inlet end of the gas cavity is communicated with the gas inlet end of the gas cavity, and the gas outlet end of the gas cavity is communicated with the exhaust pipe.
Further, the acceleration device includes:
a plug body having a gas flow passage therein; and
the valve core is arranged in the gas flow channel, at least one spiral guide groove is arranged on the outer wall of the valve core, and a rotational flow acceleration channel is formed between the spiral guide groove and the inner wall of the gas flow channel.
Further, one end of the plug body is detachably connected with the first pipe body in a threaded connection mode.
Furthermore, the exhaust pipe device further comprises a fixing sleeve, and the other end of the exhaust pipe and the other end of the liquid discharge pipe are sleeved in the fixing sleeve.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the cough and vomiting simulation device for infection spreading research, the cough is simulated through the cough simulation unit, the vomiting is simulated through the vomiting simulation unit, large-range exposure research is achieved, and the follow-up research on the style design and the detachment method of the personal protective product is facilitated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the detailed description or the prior art description will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cough and vomiting simulation apparatus for infection dissemination research according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an accelerator apparatus;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the valve cartridge;
FIG. 7 is a partial perspective view of a second drive;
reference numerals:
10. a base; 11. a cover plate; 21. a first pipe body; 211. a first piston; 212. a gas chamber; 213. a cushion pad; 22. a first driving device; 221. a first end cap; 222. a guide wheel; 2221. a stopper; 223. a pulling rope; 224. a reel; 225. compressing the spring; 226. a first motor; 23. an atomizer; 24. an exhaust pipe; 25. a first solenoid valve; 26. an air inlet pipe; 27. a third solenoid valve; 28. an acceleration device; 281. a plug body; 282. a valve core; 2811. a gas flow channel; 2821. a spiral guide groove; 31. a second tube body; 311. a second piston; 312. a liquid chamber; 32. a second driving device; 3212. a second end cap; 322. a scissor mechanism; 323. a drive unit; 3231. a second motor; 3232. a screw; 33. a liquid discharge pipe; 34. a second solenoid valve; 40. and (4) fixing sleeves.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can include, for example, fixed connections, removable connections, or integral parts; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through the use of two elements or the interaction of two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature "under," "beneath," and "under" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the present embodiment provides a cough and vomiting simulation apparatus for infection dissemination research, including a base 10, a cough simulation unit, a vomiting simulation unit, and a controller (not shown in the drawings) provided on the base 10.
The cough simulation unit includes a first tube 21, a first driving device 22, an atomizer 23, an exhaust pipe 24, and a first electromagnetic valve 25. The first tube 21 is fixed on the base 10, a first piston 211 is disposed in the first tube 21, the first piston 211 can move back and forth in the first tube 21, a seal is maintained between the first piston 211 and the first tube 21, the first tube 21 has a gas chamber 212, and the gas chamber 212 is located at one end of the first piston 211. The first driving device 22 is disposed at one end of the first tube 21, and the first driving device 22 is used for driving the first piston 211 to move back and forth in the first tube 21.
One end of the exhaust pipe 24 communicates with the gas chamber 212, and the other end of the exhaust pipe 24 is a gas outlet. A first electromagnetic valve 25 is installed on the exhaust pipe 24 for controlling the opening and closing of the gas flow passage on the exhaust pipe 24.
The vomiting simulation unit includes a second pipe 31, a second driving device 32, a drain pipe 33, and a second solenoid valve 34.
The second tube 31 is fixed on the base 10, preferably, the second tube 31 is parallel to the first tube 21, a second piston 311 is disposed in the second tube 31, the second piston 311 moves back and forth in the second tube 31, a seal is maintained between the second piston 311 and the second tube 31, the second tube 31 has a liquid chamber 312, a second solution is contained in the liquid chamber 312, and a second fluorescent tracer is added into the second solution. The second driving device 32 is disposed at one end of the second tube 31, and the second driving device 32 is used for driving the second piston 311 to move back and forth in the second tube 31.
One end of the drain pipe 33 communicates with the liquid chamber 312, and the other end of the drain pipe 33 is a liquid outlet. The second solenoid valve 34 is mounted on the drain pipe 33 for controlling the opening and closing of the fluid passage on the drain pipe 33.
The controller is used to control the operation of the cough unit and the vomiting unit, in particular, the nebulizer 23, the first driving device 22 and the first solenoid valve 25 in the cough unit, and the second driving device 32 and the second solenoid valve 34 in the vomiting unit.
Preferably, a cover plate 11 is disposed on the base 10, the cover plate 11 and the base 10 both have two semicircular grooves respectively corresponding to the first tube 21 and the second tube 31, and the cover plate 11 and the base 10 are detachably connected by a screw thread, so as to facilitate the disassembly, assembly, cleaning and fixation of the first tube 21 and the second tube 31.
When performing a cough and vomiting simulation, the first tube 21, the second tube 31, and the atomizer 23 attached to the base 10 are placed entirely inside the abdominal cavity of the phantom, and the outlets of the exhaust pipe 24 and the drain pipe 33 are fixed in the oral cavity of the phantom. After the medical staff wears personal protective articles (including an N95 mask, goggles, isolation clothes, gloves and the like), standard intubation, ventilation support and other processes are provided for the model patient. During the operation of medical personnel, other experimenters respectively control the cough unit and the vomiting unit to work through the controller.
When a cough simulation experiment is carried out, the controller firstly enables the atomizer 23 to work, the atomizer 23 atomizes the first solution, the first fluorescent tracer in the first solution is atomized along with the first solution, the atomized gas enters the gas chamber 212 of the first tube body 21, after the atomizer 23 works for a period of time, the first driving device 22 is controlled to work, the first driving device 22 pushes the first piston 211 to discharge the atomized gas in the gas chamber 212, and the atomized gas is sprayed out of the exhaust pipe 24, so that the cough simulation is realized.
When a vomit simulation experiment is carried out, the controller directly controls the second driving device 32 to work, the second driving device 32 pushes the second piston 311, the second piston 311 discharges suspension simulating vomit in the liquid chamber 312, and the discharged liquid is sprayed out from the liquid discharge pipe 33, so that the vomit simulation is realized.
After the simulation operation is completed, the medical care personnel detects the first fluorescent tracer and the second fluorescent tracer simulating virus pollution under ultraviolet rays before taking off the personal protective product. By analyzing the detection result, the distribution of the easily exposed parts and the pollution viruses is determined, thereby providing help for the research of the style design and the detaching method of the personal protective articles.
In one embodiment, the atomizer 23 is communicated with the gas chamber 212 through the gas inlet pipe 26, the gas inlet pipe 26 is provided with a third electromagnetic valve 27, and the third electromagnetic valve 27 is electrically connected with the controller. When the first driving device 22 pushes the first piston 211 to discharge the atomizing gas in the gas chamber 212, the third solenoid valve 27 is closed, so as to prevent a part of the atomizing gas from being pressed back into the atomizer 23, thereby affecting the effect of the simulation experiment.
In one embodiment, the first drive device 22 includes a first end cap 221, a guide wheel 222, a pull cord 223, a spool 224, a compression spring 225, and a first motor 226. The first end cap 221 is detachably disposed at one end of the first tube 21, a central hole is formed in the first end cap 221, and preferably, the first end cap 221 is sleeved on the first tube 21 in a threaded connection manner. The guide wheel 222 is disposed on the first end cap 221 and is located outside the first tube 21. The pulling rope 223 is connected to the first piston 211 at one end and connected to the winding drum 224 after passing through the center hole and bypassing the guide wheel 222, and the pulling rope 223 is wound or released by the winding drum 224. A pressure spring 225 is installed in the first pipe body 21, and both ends of the pressure spring 225 are respectively abutted against the first piston 211 and the first end cap 221. A first motor 226 is fixed to the base 10, and the first motor 226 is used for driving the winding drum 224 to rotate.
After the pulling rope 223 is tensioned in the first tube 21, a section of the pulling rope 223 that is not changed in direction by the guide wheel 222 is parallel to the axis of the first tube 21, and the section of the pulling rope 223 passes through the central through hole, specifically by having the guide wheel 222 installed in a region where the section of the pulling rope 223 passes through the central through hole to be just tangent to the guide wheel 222. It is preferable that a stopper 2221 for preventing the pulling rope 223 from being separated from the groove of the guide wheel 222 is installed on the guide wheel 222. Preferably, the end of the first piston 211 located in the gas chamber 212 is provided with a buffer pad 213, and the buffer pad 213 may be a silicone pad, so that the arrangement can prevent the first piston 211 from directly and rapidly striking the other end of the first tube 21, thereby causing damage to the first tube 21.
In this embodiment, during the generation of the atomizing gas by the atomizer 23, the first motor 226 may slowly wind up the pulling rope 223, so that the pulling rope 223 drives the first piston 211 to move slowly, and the volume of the gas chamber 212 gradually increases to adapt to the increasing amount of the atomizing gas. It is of course also possible to directly pull the first piston 211 to a position where the volume of the gas chamber 212 is maximal and then to activate the atomizer 23 for its operation. When the atomizing gas is discharged from the gas chamber 212, the first motor 226 rotates in a reverse direction, so that the winding drum 224 rapidly releases the pulling rope 223, the elastic potential energy of the pressure spring 225 is converted into the kinetic energy of the first piston 211, and the speed of releasing the pulling rope 223 by the winding drum 224 is faster than the moving speed of the first piston 211. The first driving device 22 with the structure has the advantages of simple structure, small size and low cost. If the structure of the screw nut is adopted, on one hand, the cost is increased, and on the other hand, the atomizing gas easily flows from the gap between the screw and the nut to the chamber where the other end of the first piston 211 is located, thereby affecting the final speed of the atomizing gas ejected from the exhaust pipe 24. If the structure of the air cylinder, the oil cylinder, the electric push rod and the like is adopted, the defects of high cost and large occupied volume exist.
In one embodiment, second drive 32 includes a second end cap 3212, a scissors mechanism 322, and a drive unit 323. The second end cap 3212 is detachably disposed at one end of the second tube 31, and preferably, the second end cap 3212 is fixed to the one end of the second tube 31 by a screw coupling. The scissors mechanism 322 connects the second piston 311 and the second end cap 3212, so that the second piston 311 reciprocates relative to the second end cap 3212. The two scissor mechanisms 322 are parallel to each other, each scissor mechanism 322 is composed of a plurality of scissor units, each scissor unit comprises two scissor rods with the middle parts hinged together, and the two scissor mechanisms 322 are connected together through a connecting rod. A drive unit 323 is mounted on the second end cap 3212 for driving the scissors mechanism 322. The driving unit 323 includes a second motor 3231 and a screw 3232 rotatably provided on the second end cap 3212, the screw 3232 is driven by the second motor 3231, and the screw 3232 passes through and is threadedly connected to a rod that movably connects the movable ends of the two scissors mechanisms 322.
Since the second driving means 32 is finally used to push the liquid out of the liquid chamber 312, which requires a large pushing force, it is not preferable to adopt the structure of the first driving means 22. While the above-described structure is finally adopted in order to keep the same as the first driving device 22, i.e., both have the advantage of small volume.
In one embodiment, the gas-liquid separator further comprises an accelerating device 28 detachably disposed at the other end of the first tube 21 and located in the gas chamber 212, the accelerating device 28 is sealed with the other end of the first tube 21, the gas inlet end of the accelerating device 28 is communicated with the gas chamber 212, and the gas outlet end of the accelerating device 28 is communicated with the gas exhaust pipe 24. The accelerating means 28 is capable of increasing the rate at which the atomizing gas is ultimately discharged from the exhaust tube 24 to more closely approximate the gas flow rate at a true cough.
In one embodiment, acceleration device 28 includes a plug body 281 and a spool 282. The plug 281 has a cylindrical structure as a whole, and preferably, one end of the plug 281 is connected to the second tube 31 by means of a screw. The plug body 281 is provided with a gas flow passage 2811 inside, the valve core 282 is arranged in the gas flow passage 2811, the outer wall of the valve core 282 is provided with at least one spiral guide groove 2821, preferably 2-4 spiral guide grooves 2821, and a rotational flow acceleration channel is formed between the spiral guide groove 2821 and the inner wall of the gas flow passage 2811. Preferably, the plug 281 has a truncated cone shape as a whole, and the portion of the gas flow passage 2811 for receiving the plug 281 is adapted to the plug 281, so that the gas flow rate can be further increased.
In one embodiment, a fixing sleeve 40 is further included, the fixing sleeve 40 is preferably a flexible silicone sleeve, and the other end of the exhaust pipe 24 and the other end of the drain pipe 33 are both sleeved in the fixing sleeve 40. The silicone sleeve can prevent the exhaust pipe 24 and the liquid discharge pipe 33 from easily moving in the oral cavity of the manikin during operation, thereby generating adverse effects on experimental results.
In one embodiment, the discharge pipe 33 preferably has a larger inner diameter of the outlet than the outlet of the exhaust pipe 24, which is relatively favorable for discharging the liquid in a suspension state and increasing the discharging speed of the atomizing gas, and is also more effective in reducing the process of cough and vomiting.
In the description of the present invention, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
Claims (5)
1. A cough and vomiting analogue means for infecting the research of disseminating which characterized in that: the cough and vomiting simulation device comprises a base, and a cough simulation unit and a vomiting simulation unit which are arranged on the base;
the cough simulation unit includes:
a first tube having a first piston disposed therein and having a gas chamber;
the first driving device is arranged at one end of the first pipe body and is used for driving the first piston to move back and forth in the first pipe body;
the atomizer is filled with a first solution and used for atomizing the first solution, the gas outlet of the atomizer is communicated with the gas chamber, and a first fluorescent tracer is added into the first solution;
an exhaust pipe, one end of which is communicated with the gas chamber; and
a first electromagnetic valve provided on the exhaust pipe;
the first driving device includes:
the first end cover is detachably arranged at one end of the first pipe body and is provided with a central hole;
a guide wheel disposed on the first end cap, outside the first tube;
a traction rope, one end of which is connected with the first piston, and the other end of which passes through the central hole and bypasses the guide wheel;
the winding drum is connected with the other end of the traction rope and is used for winding or releasing the traction rope;
the pressure spring is arranged in the first pipe body, and two ends of the pressure spring are respectively abutted against the first piston and the first end cover; and
the first motor is used for driving the winding drum to rotate;
the vomiting simulation unit includes:
the second pipe body is internally provided with a second piston which is provided with a liquid cavity, a second solution is contained in the liquid cavity, and a second fluorescent tracer is added into the second solution;
the second driving device is arranged at one end of the second pipe body and is used for driving the second piston to move back and forth in the second pipe body;
a liquid discharge pipe, one end of which is communicated with the liquid chamber; and
a second electromagnetic valve provided on the drain pipe;
the second driving device includes:
the second end cover is detachably arranged at one end of the second pipe body;
a scissor mechanism connecting the second piston and the second end cap to cause the second piston to reciprocate relative to the second end cap; and
a driving unit arranged on the second end cover and used for driving the scissors mechanism;
the gas cavity is arranged in the gas cavity, the gas cavity is arranged at the other end of the first pipe body, the gas inlet end of the gas cavity is communicated with the gas inlet end of the gas cavity, and the gas outlet end of the gas cavity is communicated with the exhaust pipe.
2. The cough and vomiting simulation device for infection dissemination studies according to claim 1, wherein: the atomizer is communicated with the gas chamber through a gas inlet pipe, and a third electromagnetic valve is arranged on the gas inlet pipe.
3. The cough and vomiting simulation device for infection dissemination studies according to claim 1, wherein: the acceleration device includes:
a plug body having a gas flow passage therein; and
the valve core is arranged in the gas flow channel, at least one spiral guide groove is arranged on the outer wall of the valve core, and a rotational flow acceleration channel is formed between the spiral guide groove and the inner wall of the gas flow channel.
4. The cough and vomiting simulation device for infection dissemination study according to claim 3, wherein: one end of the plug body is detachably connected with the first pipe body in a threaded connection mode.
5. The cough and vomiting simulator for infection dissemination study, according to claim 1, wherein: the other end of the exhaust pipe and the other end of the liquid discharge pipe are sleeved in the fixed sleeve.
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| CN202110509006.1A CN113223388B (en) | 2021-05-11 | 2021-05-11 | Cough and vomiting simulator for infection dissemination research |
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| CN202110509006.1A CN113223388B (en) | 2021-05-11 | 2021-05-11 | Cough and vomiting simulator for infection dissemination research |
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