CN113219537A - Offset imaging method and apparatus, computer device, and computer-readable storage medium - Google Patents
Offset imaging method and apparatus, computer device, and computer-readable storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
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Abstract
The invention discloses an offset imaging method and device, computer equipment and a computer readable storage medium, wherein the offset imaging method comprises the following steps: determining the double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture; taking the imaging points with the imaging stretching parameter value not less than the preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value as target imaging points according to the double-stroke travel of each imaging point; and picking up and stacking energy on each seismic channel according to the double-stroke travel of the target imaging point to form an imaging result. According to the invention, based on the imaging stretching parameter value of the imaging point, the imaging point with larger imaging energy stretching degree is eliminated, and the target imaging point with smaller imaging energy stretching degree is reserved as an effective imaging point, so that the low-frequency stretching noise can be effectively eliminated, and the imaging effect is improved; meanwhile, the low-frequency stretching noise is eliminated only based on the imaging stretching parameter value of the imaging point, a large amount of data processing is not needed to generate an offset imaging gather, and the processing efficiency of the seismic data can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil geophysical exploration, in particular to a migration imaging method and device, computer equipment and a computer readable storage medium.
Background
This section is intended to provide a background or context to the embodiments of the invention that are recited in the claims. The description herein is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
The prestack time migration is an important link in the seismic data processing process, can provide underground structural imaging information, and can generate a common imaging point gather for subsequent AVO prestack inversion/multi-wave prestack AVA inversion. Mathematically, prestack time migration is a data mapping process from seismic data to migrated imaging sections, the mapping being described by the double square root formula. Currently, when offset is performed on offset seismic data, an obvious data stretching phenomenon is generated in a shallow layer of an imaging section, and the interference of low-frequency data stretching (low-frequency stretching noise) can cover a real imaging structure and seriously affect the quality of an offset stacking imaging section.
The conventional method for eliminating the offset stretch interference is to generate offset imaging gathers and then avoid the part of energy to participate in the overlay imaging by a predefined ablation function. However, in the method, a large amount of data processing procedures exist in the process of generating the migration imaging gather, and the efficiency of seismic migration imaging is seriously influenced by a large amount of data processing operations.
Therefore, the existing seismic migration imaging has the problems of poor imaging effect caused by the fact that low-frequency stretching noise cannot be effectively eliminated, and low seismic data processing efficiency when the low-frequency stretching noise is eliminated.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an offset imaging method, which is used for effectively eliminating low-frequency stretching noise, improving the imaging effect and simultaneously improving the seismic data processing efficiency, and comprises the following steps:
determining the double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture; the double-stroke travel time of the imaging point is the travel time of seismic waves generated by a seismic source corresponding to each seismic data from the imaging point to the receiving point;
obtaining an imaging stretching parameter value of each imaging point according to the double-stroke process of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture, and taking the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value not less than a preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value as a target imaging point; the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value not less than the preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value and the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value less than the preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value;
and picking up and stacking energy on each seismic channel according to the double-stroke travel of the target imaging point in the migration aperture of each seismic data to form an imaging result corresponding to the seismic data.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides an offset imaging apparatus, which is used for effectively eliminating low-frequency stretching noise, improving imaging effect and simultaneously improving seismic data processing efficiency, and the offset imaging apparatus includes:
the double-travel time determining module is used for determining the double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture; the double-stroke travel time of the imaging point is the travel time of seismic waves generated by a seismic source corresponding to each seismic data from the imaging point to the receiving point;
the target imaging point determining module is used for obtaining an imaging stretching parameter value of each imaging point according to the double-stroke process of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture, and taking the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value not less than a preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value as a target imaging point; the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value not less than the preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value and the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value less than the preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value;
and the imaging module is used for picking up and stacking energy on each seismic channel according to the double-pass travel of the target imaging point in the migration aperture of each seismic data to form an imaging result corresponding to the seismic data.
The embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can run on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the offset imaging method when executing the computer program.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program for executing the offset imaging method is stored.
In the embodiment of the invention, the double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture is determined; and then determining an imaging stretching parameter value of each imaging point based on the double-stroke process of each imaging point, eliminating the imaging points with larger imaging energy stretching degree, taking the target imaging points with smaller imaging energy stretching degree as effective imaging points, picking and stacking energy on each seismic channel based on the double-stroke process of the target imaging points, and finally forming an imaging result corresponding to the seismic data. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention can eliminate the imaging points with larger imaging energy stretching degree based on the imaging stretching parameter values of the imaging points, and reserve the target imaging points with smaller imaging energy stretching degree as effective imaging points, thereby not only effectively eliminating low-frequency stretching noise and improving imaging effect; meanwhile, the low-frequency stretching noise is eliminated only based on the imaging stretching parameter value of the imaging point, a large amount of data processing is not needed to generate an offset imaging gather, and the processing efficiency of the seismic data can be improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of an offset imaging method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a step 101 in an offset imaging method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a step 201 in an offset imaging method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of step 102 in an offset imaging method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of an offset imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of a double-pass time determination module 501 in the offset imaging apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a double-pass timing determining unit 601 in the offset imaging apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of a target imaging point determining module 502 in the offset imaging apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the imaging result of a seismic data set using a prior art offset imaging method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of imaging results of a seismic data by using the offset imaging method provided by the present invention according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 illustrates a flow of implementing the offset imaging method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and for convenience of description, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are illustrated, and the details are as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, an offset imaging method includes:
102, obtaining an imaging stretching parameter value of each imaging point according to the double-stroke travel of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture, and taking the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value not less than a preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value as a target imaging point; the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value not less than the preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value and the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value less than the preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value;
and 103, picking and stacking energy on each seismic channel according to the double-stroke travel of the target imaging point in the migration aperture of each seismic data to form an imaging result corresponding to the seismic data.
In embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated that the seismic data includes a plurality of seismic traces, i.e., a plurality of seismic data. Offset aperture means that the offset is necessary in order to correctly home the dipping bed and fault. The full coverage area must be expanded to account for the offset aperture when deploying the survey area. The offset aperture mainly takes the following three factors into consideration: (1) a first fresnel zone radius; (2) collecting the distance required for the diffracted energy to return within a certain angle (typically 30 degrees); (3) the tilted layers are attributed to the required offset distance. The selection of the offset aperture is an important factor for determining the calculation efficiency of the data mapping, and an appropriate offset aperture needs to be selected according to actual conditions. The selection of a suitable offset aperture is well known in the art and embodiments of the present invention are not described in detail herein.
The double-travel time of a certain imaging point refers to the travel time of seismic waves in the process that seismic waves generated by a seismic source corresponding to each seismic channel pass through the imaging point and then pass through a receiving point from the imaging point. When migration imaging is carried out, the double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture is firstly determined. It can be understood by those skilled in the art that various methods in the prior art may be adopted to determine the double-pass timing of each imaging point in the offset aperture, which is not described in detail in the embodiments of the present invention, and a double-square root formula is provided in the subsequent embodiments to determine the double-pass timing of each imaging point in the offset aperture.
After the double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture is determined, the imaging stretching parameter value of each imaging point can be determined based on the double-travel time of each imaging point in the migration aperture. Wherein the imaging stretching parameter value reflects the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point. Therefore, the imaging points can be screened based on the imaging stretching parameter value of each imaging point, the imaging points with larger imaging energy stretching degree are rejected, and the imaging points with smaller imaging energy stretching degree are reserved as effective target imaging points.
Namely, after the imaging stretching parameter value of each imaging point is determined, the imaging point of which the imaging stretching parameter value is not less than the preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value is taken as an effective target imaging point. And the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value not less than the preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value is less than the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value less than the preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value. It can be understood that the imaging stretch parameter value of the imaging point is inversely proportional to the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point, i.e. the greater the imaging stretch parameter value of the imaging point, the smaller the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point; the smaller the imaging stretch parameter value of an imaging point, the greater the degree of stretching of the imaging energy of that imaging point.
The preset imaging stretching parameter threshold is a preset imaging stretching parameter threshold, and those skilled in the art can understand that the preset imaging stretching parameter threshold can be preset according to actual conditions and specific requirements. For example, the preset imaging stretch parameter threshold is preset to 0.7. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the preset imaging stretch parameter threshold may also be preset to be other values besides 0.7, for example, the preset imaging stretch parameter threshold is preset to be 0.8, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
After the target imaging points with smaller imaging energy stretching degree are screened out, the energy on each seismic channel can be picked and superposed to form the imaging result of each seismic data based on the double-pass process of the target imaging points in each seismic data migration aperture. And performing the processing on each path of seismic data in the seismic data, and stacking the imaging result of each path of seismic data to obtain the imaging result corresponding to the seismic data.
In the embodiment of the invention, the double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture is determined firstly; and then determining an imaging stretching parameter value of each imaging point based on the double-stroke process of each imaging point, eliminating the imaging points with larger imaging energy stretching degree, taking the target imaging points with smaller imaging energy stretching degree as effective imaging points, picking and stacking energy on each seismic channel based on the double-stroke process of the target imaging points, and finally forming an imaging result corresponding to the seismic data. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention can eliminate the imaging points with larger imaging energy stretching degree based on the imaging stretching parameter values of the imaging points, and reserve the target imaging points with smaller imaging energy stretching degree as effective imaging points, thereby not only effectively eliminating low-frequency stretching noise and improving imaging effect; meanwhile, the low-frequency stretching noise is eliminated only based on the imaging stretching parameter value of the imaging point, a large amount of data processing is not needed to generate an offset imaging gather, and the processing efficiency of the seismic data can be improved.
Fig. 2 shows an implementation flow of step 101 in the offset imaging method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and for convenience of description, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown, and the details are as follows:
in an embodiment of the present invention, in order to improve the accuracy of determining the double-pass timing of the imaging point, as shown in fig. 2, step 101, determining the double-pass timing of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture, includes:
In the embodiment of the invention, the double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture can be determined by a double square root formula. The Double Square Root (DSR) equation provides a new theoretical framework for wave equation migration. DSR equation prestack depth migration based on the concept of "settlement observation" has become an important type of seismic wave imaging method. The double-stroke travel time of the imaging point is determined through the double square root, so that the accuracy of determining the double-stroke travel time of the imaging point can be improved.
In the embodiment of the invention, the double-pass time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture is determined by a double square root formula, so that the accuracy of determining the double-pass time of the imaging point can be improved.
Fig. 3 illustrates an implementation flow of step 201 in the offset imaging method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and for convenience of description, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are illustrated, and the details are as follows:
in an embodiment of the present invention, in order to further improve the seismic data processing efficiency, as shown in fig. 3, step 201, determining the two-way travel of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture by using a double square root formula, includes:
When determining the double-travel of each imaging point, firstly determining each imaging point in the migration aperture of each seismic datum, and then determining the double-travel of each imaging point in the migration aperture based on a double square root formula.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the double square root formula is:
wherein t represents the time of the double-pass of the imaging point, tsRepresenting the travel time, t, of seismic waves generated by a seismic source to an imaging pointgRepresenting the time of flight, t, from the imaging point to the receiving point0Representing the two-way vertical travel time, v, of the point correspondences of the imaging pointsrmsRepresents the rms velocity at the imaging point, x represents the horizontal distance of the imaging point from the seismic data center, and h represents the horizontal distance of the imaging point from the seismic source.
In the embodiment of the invention, each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture is determined, and then the double-pass travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture is determined based on a double square root formula, so that the seismic data processing efficiency can be further improved.
In an embodiment of the invention, to further improve the efficiency of seismic data processing, on the basis of the above method steps, the migration imaging method further includes:
the root mean square velocity of each imaging point within the migration aperture of each trace of seismic data is determined.
When the double-pass of each imaging point in the migration aperture is determined based on the double square root, the root mean square speed of the imaging point needs to be utilized, after the root mean square speed of each imaging point in the migration aperture of each seismic data is predetermined, the imaging point can be directly used when the double-pass of each imaging point is determined, and the seismic data processing efficiency can be further improved.
In the embodiment of the invention, the root mean square velocity of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture is predetermined, and the double-pass travel of the imaging point is determined based on a double square root formula, so that the seismic data processing efficiency can be improved.
Fig. 4 shows a flow of implementing step 102 in the offset imaging method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and for convenience of description, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown, and the detailed description is as follows:
in an embodiment of the invention, the imaging stretch parameter value comprises at least a derivative of a double travel time of the imaging point with respect to a vertical travel time, and the predetermined imaging stretch parameter threshold comprises a predetermined derivative threshold. In order to eliminate low-frequency stretching noise with a large stretching degree and improve the imaging effect, as shown in fig. 4, step 102, obtaining an imaging stretching parameter value of each imaging point according to the two-way travel of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture, and taking the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value not less than a preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value as a target imaging point includes:
In the embodiment of the invention, the derivative of the double travel time and the vertical travel time of the imaging point can be adopted to reflect the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point. Correspondingly, the preset derivative threshold may be used to represent the preset imaging stretch parameter threshold. It can be understood that the greater the derivative of the imaging point's two-way travel with respect to the vertical travel, the less the stretching of the imaging energy at that imaging point; the smaller the derivative of the imaging point's two-way travel with respect to the vertical travel, the greater the degree of stretching of the imaging energy at that imaging point. I.e., the derivative of the two-way travel time of the imaging point with respect to the vertical travel time, is inversely proportional to the degree of stretching of the imaging energy at the imaging point.
After determining the double-travel time for each imaging point within the offset aperture, the derivative of the double-travel time for each imaging point with respect to the vertical travel time may be determined based on the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing the derivative of the double travel time of each imaging point with respect to the vertical travel time, t representing the double travel time of the imaging point, tsRepresenting the travel time, t, of seismic waves generated by a seismic source to an imaging point0Representing the vertical travel time, t, of the point of the imaging pointrRepresenting the travel time of seismic waves from an imaging point to a receiving point.
After determining the derivative of the double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture with respect to the vertical travel time, the derivative of the double-travel time of each imaging point with respect to the vertical travel time can be determined based on the double-travel time of each imaging point in the migration aperture. Wherein the derivative of the imaging point's two-way travel time with respect to the vertical travel time reflects the degree of stretching of the imaging point's imaging energy. Therefore, the imaging points can be screened according to the derivative of the imaging points in the vertical travel process during the two-stroke travel, the imaging points with the high stretching degree of imaging energy are rejected, and the imaging points with the low stretching degree of imaging energy are reserved as effective target imaging points.
Namely, after determining the derivative of the imaging point in the double-travel time with respect to the vertical travel time, the imaging point of which the derivative with respect to the vertical travel time in the double-travel time is not less than a preset derivative threshold value is taken as an effective target imaging point. And the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point is not less than the preset derivative threshold value of the derivative of the imaging point with respect to the vertical travel time during the two-way travel, and the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point is less than the preset derivative threshold value of the derivative of the imaging point with respect to the vertical travel time during the two-way travel. It can be understood that the derivative of the imaging point with respect to the vertical travel time during the double travel is inversely proportional to the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point, i.e. the greater the derivative of the imaging point with respect to the vertical travel time during the double travel, the lesser the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point; the smaller the derivative of the imaging point's two-way travel with respect to the vertical travel, the greater the degree of stretching of the imaging energy of the imaging point.
The preset derivative threshold is a preset derivative threshold, and it can be understood by those skilled in the art that the preset derivative threshold can be preset according to actual conditions and specific requirements. For example, the preset derivative threshold is preset to 0.7. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the preset derivative threshold may also be preset to a value other than 0.7, for example, the preset derivative threshold is preset to 0.8, which is not limited in particular by the embodiment of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, according to the double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture, the derivative of the double-travel time of each imaging point with respect to the vertical travel time is determined, and then the imaging point of which the derivative is not less than the preset derivative threshold value is taken as the target imaging point, so that the screened imaging point with smaller imaging energy stretching degree can be taken as the effective target imaging point, and the imaging point with larger imaging energy stretching degree is eliminated, namely the low-frequency stretching noise with larger stretching degree is eliminated, and therefore, the imaging effect can be improved.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide an offset imaging apparatus, as described in the following embodiments. Since the principle of solving the problems of these apparatuses is similar to that of the offset imaging method, the implementation of these apparatuses can be referred to the implementation of the method, and repeated descriptions are omitted.
Fig. 5 shows functional blocks of an offset imaging apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and only parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown for convenience of description, and detailed as follows:
referring to fig. 5, each module included in the offset imaging apparatus is used to perform each step in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 1, and specific reference is made to fig. 1 and the related description in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 1, which are not repeated herein. In the embodiment of the present invention, the offset imaging apparatus includes a two-stroke timing determining module 501, a target imaging point determining module 502, and an imaging module 503.
A double-travel time determining module 501, configured to determine a double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture; the double-travel time of the imaging point is the travel time of the seismic wave generated by the seismic source corresponding to each seismic data from the imaging point to the receiving point.
A target imaging point determining module 502, configured to obtain an imaging stretching parameter value of each imaging point according to a two-pass process of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture, and use an imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value not less than a preset imaging stretching parameter threshold as a target imaging point; and the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value not less than the preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value and the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value less than the preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value.
The imaging module 503 is configured to pick up and stack energy on each seismic trace according to a double-pass of the target imaging point in the migration aperture of each seismic trace, so as to form an imaging result corresponding to the seismic data.
In the embodiment of the invention, firstly, a double-travel time determining module 501 determines the double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture; then, the target imaging point determining module 502 can determine an imaging stretching parameter value of each imaging point based on the two-pass of each imaging point, eliminate imaging points with a large stretching degree of imaging energy, use the target imaging points with a small stretching degree of imaging energy as effective imaging points, and further the imaging module 503 picks up energy stacked on each seismic trace based on the two-pass of the target imaging points, and finally forms an imaging result corresponding to the seismic data. Therefore, the target imaging point determining module 502 in the embodiment of the present invention can eliminate an imaging point with a large imaging energy stretching degree based on an imaging stretching parameter value of the imaging point, and retain a target imaging point with a small imaging energy stretching degree as an effective imaging point, so that not only can low-frequency stretching noise be effectively eliminated, but also the imaging effect is improved; meanwhile, the low-frequency stretching noise is eliminated only based on the imaging stretching parameter value of the imaging point, a large amount of data processing is not needed to generate an offset imaging gather, and the processing efficiency of the seismic data can be improved.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic structure of the double-pass time determination module 501 in the offset imaging apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, and for convenience of description, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown, and the details are as follows:
in an embodiment of the present invention, in order to improve the accuracy of determining the double pass of the imaging point, referring to fig. 6, each unit included in the double pass determining module 501 is configured to execute each step in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 2, and specific reference is made to fig. 2 and the related description in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 2, which is not repeated herein. In this embodiment of the present invention, the module 501 for determining the double-trip time includes a unit 601 for determining the double-trip time.
The double-travel-time determining unit 601 is configured to determine a double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture through a double square root formula.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the double-travel-time determining unit 601 determines the double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture by using a double square root formula, so that the accuracy of determining the double-travel time of the imaging point can be improved.
Fig. 7 shows a schematic structure of the double-pass time determination unit 601 in the offset imaging apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and only the part related to the embodiment of the present invention is shown for convenience of description, and the details are as follows:
in an embodiment of the present invention, in order to further improve the seismic data processing efficiency, referring to fig. 7, each subunit included in the two-pass time determination unit 601 is used to execute each step in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 3, specifically refer to fig. 3 and the related description in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 3, and are not repeated here. In the embodiment of the present invention, the double-travel-time determining unit 601 includes an imaging point determining subunit 701 and a double-travel-time determining subunit 702.
And an imaging point determining subunit 701, configured to determine each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture.
A double-travel-time determining subunit 702, configured to determine a double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture through a double square root formula.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the double square root formula is:
wherein t represents the time of the double-pass of the imaging point, tsRepresenting the travel time, t, of seismic waves generated by a seismic source to an imaging pointgRepresenting the time of flight, t, from the imaging point to the receiving point0Representing the two-way vertical travel time, v, of the point correspondences of the imaging pointsrmsRepresents the rms velocity at the imaging point, x represents the horizontal distance of the imaging point from the seismic data center, and h represents the horizontal distance of the imaging point from the seismic source.
In the embodiment of the invention, the imaging point determining subunit 701 determines each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture, and then the double-travel time determining subunit 702 determines the double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture based on a double square root formula, so that the seismic data processing efficiency can be further improved.
In an embodiment of the invention, in order to further improve the efficiency of seismic data processing, on the basis of the above module structure, the offset imaging apparatus further includes a root mean square velocity determination unit.
And the root mean square velocity determining unit is used for determining the root mean square velocity of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture.
In the embodiment of the invention, the root mean square velocity determining unit determines the root mean square velocity of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture in advance, and further determines the double-pass travel time of the imaging point based on a double square root formula, so that the seismic data processing efficiency can be improved.
Fig. 8 shows a structural schematic diagram of the target imaging point determining module 502 in the offset imaging apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and for convenience of description, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown, and the details are as follows:
in an embodiment of the invention, the imaging stretch parameter value comprises at least a derivative of a double travel time of the imaging point with respect to a vertical travel time, and the predetermined imaging stretch parameter threshold comprises a predetermined derivative threshold. In order to eliminate the low-frequency stretching noise with a large stretching degree and improve the imaging effect, referring to fig. 8, each unit included in the target imaging point determining module 502 is configured to execute each step in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 4, specifically please refer to fig. 4 and the related description in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 4, which is not described herein again. In this embodiment of the present invention, the target imaging point determining module 502 includes a derivative determining unit 801 and a target imaging point determining unit 802.
And the derivative determining unit 801 is configured to determine a derivative of the double-travel time of each imaging point with respect to the vertical travel time according to the double-travel time of each imaging point in the migration aperture of each seismic datum.
A target imaging point determining unit 802, configured to use an imaging point whose derivative is not less than a preset derivative threshold as a target imaging point; the degree of stretching of the imaging energy at the imaging point where the derivative is not less than the preset derivative threshold, and the degree of stretching of the imaging energy at the imaging point where the derivative is less than the preset derivative threshold.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the derivative determining unit 801 determines the derivative of each imaging point with respect to the vertical travel time during the double travel time according to the double travel time of each imaging point in the migration aperture of each seismic data, and then the target imaging point determining unit 802 uses the imaging point whose derivative is not less than the preset derivative threshold as the target imaging point, and can use the screened imaging point with a smaller imaging energy stretching degree as an effective target imaging point, and eliminate the imaging point with a larger imaging energy stretching degree, that is, eliminate the low-frequency stretching noise with a larger stretching degree, thereby improving the imaging effect.
Fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of an imaging result of a certain seismic data by using a conventional offset imaging method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of an imaging result of a certain seismic data by using an offset imaging method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and for convenience of description, only the parts related to an embodiment of the present invention are shown, and the detailed description is as follows:
as shown in fig. 9, as for the imaging result of a certain seismic data by using the existing offset imaging method, it can be seen that there is significant low-frequency stretching noise in the offset imaging result (upper part of fig. 9); as shown in fig. 10, the imaging result of the offset imaging method provided by the present invention on certain seismic data can effectively eliminate the low-frequency stretching noise existing in the offset imaging result. In addition, the migration imaging method provided by the invention can effectively eliminate low-frequency stretching noise and improve the seismic data processing efficiency, namely the imaging efficiency of the imaging result is improved.
The embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can run on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the offset imaging method when executing the computer program.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program for executing the offset imaging method is stored.
In summary, in the embodiment of the present invention, the two-way travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture is determined first; and then determining an imaging stretching parameter value of each imaging point based on the double-stroke process of each imaging point, eliminating the imaging points with larger imaging energy stretching degree, taking the target imaging points with smaller imaging energy stretching degree as effective imaging points, picking and stacking energy on each seismic channel based on the double-stroke process of the target imaging points, and finally forming an imaging result corresponding to the seismic data. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention can eliminate the imaging points with larger imaging energy stretching degree based on the imaging stretching parameter values of the imaging points, and reserve the target imaging points with smaller imaging energy stretching degree as effective imaging points, thereby not only effectively eliminating low-frequency stretching noise and improving imaging effect; meanwhile, the low-frequency stretching noise is eliminated only based on the imaging stretching parameter value of the imaging point, a large amount of data processing is not needed to generate an offset imaging gather, and the processing efficiency of the seismic data can be improved.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. An offset imaging method, comprising:
determining the double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture; the double-stroke travel time of the imaging point is the travel time of seismic waves generated by a seismic source corresponding to each seismic data from the imaging point to the receiving point;
obtaining an imaging stretching parameter value of each imaging point according to the double-stroke process of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture, and taking the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value not less than a preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value as a target imaging point; the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value not less than the preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value and the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value less than the preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value;
and picking up and stacking energy on each seismic channel according to the double-stroke travel of the target imaging point in the migration aperture of each seismic data to form an imaging result corresponding to the seismic data.
2. The migration imaging method of claim 1, wherein determining the two-way travel of each imaging point within each seismic data migration aperture comprises:
and determining the double travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture by using a double square root formula.
3. The migration imaging method of claim 2, wherein determining the two-way travel of each imaging point within each seismic data migration aperture by the double square root formula comprises:
determining each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture;
and determining the double travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture by using a double square root formula.
4. The offset imaging method of claim 2 or 3, wherein the double square root formula is:
wherein t represents the time of the double-pass of the imaging point, tsRepresenting the travel time, t, of seismic waves generated by a seismic source to an imaging pointgRepresenting the time of flight, t, from the imaging point to the receiving point0Representing the two-way vertical travel time, v, of the point correspondences of the imaging pointsrmsRepresenting the root mean square velocity at the imaging point, x representing the horizontal distance from the imaging point to the seismic data center, h-tableThe horizontal distance from the imaging point to the seismic source is shown.
5. The offset imaging method of claim 4, further comprising:
the root mean square velocity of each imaging point within the migration aperture of each trace of seismic data is determined.
6. The migration imaging method of claim 1, wherein the imaging stretch parameter values include at least a derivative of a double travel time of the imaging points with respect to a vertical travel time, the preset imaging stretch parameter threshold includes a preset derivative threshold, the imaging stretch parameter value of each imaging point is obtained from the double travel time of each imaging point in the migration aperture of each seismic datum, and the imaging point having the imaging stretch parameter value not less than the preset imaging stretch parameter threshold is taken as the target imaging point, including:
determining the derivative of the double-travel time of each imaging point with respect to the vertical travel time according to the double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture;
taking an imaging point with the derivative not less than a preset derivative threshold value as a target imaging point; the degree of stretching of the imaging energy at the imaging point where the derivative is not less than the preset derivative threshold, and the degree of stretching of the imaging energy at the imaging point where the derivative is less than the preset derivative threshold.
7. An offset imaging apparatus, comprising:
the double-travel time determining module is used for determining the double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture; the double-stroke travel time of the imaging point is the travel time of seismic waves generated by a seismic source corresponding to each seismic data from the imaging point to the receiving point;
the target imaging point determining module is used for obtaining an imaging stretching parameter value of each imaging point according to the double-stroke process of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture, and taking the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value not less than a preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value as a target imaging point; the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value not less than the preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value and the stretching degree of the imaging energy of the imaging point with the imaging stretching parameter value less than the preset imaging stretching parameter threshold value;
and the imaging module is used for picking up and stacking energy on each seismic channel according to the double-pass travel of the target imaging point in the migration aperture of each seismic data to form an imaging result corresponding to the seismic data.
8. The offset imaging apparatus of claim 7 wherein the two-pass time determination module comprises:
and the double-travel time determining unit is used for determining the double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture through a double square root formula.
9. The offset imaging apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the two-pass time determination unit includes:
the imaging point determining subunit is used for determining each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture;
and the double-travel time determining subunit is used for determining the double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture through a double square root formula.
10. The offset imaging apparatus of claim 8 or 9, wherein the double square root formula is:
wherein t represents the time of the double-pass of the imaging point, tsRepresenting the travel time, t, of seismic waves generated by a seismic source to an imaging pointgRepresenting the time of flight, t, from the imaging point to the receiving point0Representing the two-way vertical travel time, v, of the point correspondences of the imaging pointsrmsRepresents the rms velocity at the imaging point, x represents the horizontal distance of the imaging point from the seismic data center, and h represents the horizontal distance of the imaging point from the seismic source.
11. The offset imaging apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:
and the root mean square velocity determining unit is used for determining the root mean square velocity of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture.
12. The offset imaging apparatus of claim 7 wherein the imaging stretch parameter value comprises at least a derivative of a double travel time of the imaging point with respect to a vertical travel time, the preset imaging stretch parameter threshold comprises a preset derivative threshold, and the target imaging point determination module comprises:
the derivative determining unit is used for determining the derivative of the double-travel time of each imaging point relative to the vertical travel time according to the double-travel time of each imaging point in each seismic data migration aperture;
a target imaging point determining unit configured to use an imaging point at which the derivative is not less than a preset derivative threshold as a target imaging point; the degree of stretching of the imaging energy at the imaging point where the derivative is not less than the preset derivative threshold, and the degree of stretching of the imaging energy at the imaging point where the derivative is less than the preset derivative threshold.
13. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the offset imaging method of any of claims 1 to 6 when executing the computer program.
14. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing the offset imaging method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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