CN113219000B - Method and equipment for predicting rock burst through brittle micro-failure phenomenon of rock mass - Google Patents
Method and equipment for predicting rock burst through brittle micro-failure phenomenon of rock mass Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for predicting rock burst for brittle micro-failure of rock mass, which comprises a current monitoring module, an image contrast monitoring module and a pressure monitoring module, wherein the current monitoring module is used for monitoring the current of rock mass and the image contrast monitoring module; wherein, the current monitoring module is: the probe is deeply inserted into the inner part of the roadway wall, a stable voltage power supply is used for supplying power, and a method for monitoring rock burst by adopting a curve of current change is adopted; the image contrast monitoring module is as follows: shooting fine cracks in the wall of the roadway by using a camera, comparing the fine cracks to obtain a crack change curve, and monitoring rock burst; the method has the advantages that the method converts the damage precursors of the brittle rocks into more intuitive current signals and images with rapid feedback, predicts the crack extension trend and the rock burst generation trend, performs prevention treatment and reduces the loss to be brought.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rock burst detection, in particular to a method and equipment for predicting rock burst to the brittle micro-failure phenomenon of rock mass.
Background
The periphery of the rock mass is damaged, so that stress concentration is generated around part of the rock mass, and when the stress reaches the strength limit of the rock mass, the rock mass is suddenly cracked to form rock burst.
The damage of the brittle rock has the characteristics of rapidness, small deformation, difficulty in detection and the like, so that the judgment of the sign before the brittle rock damage and the characteristics before and during the brittle rock damage plays an important role in research on the brittle rock and application of the brittle rock in engineering practice.
The rock mass is large in volume and difficult to permeate, and deformation quantity and deformation state generated by observing stress inside the rock mass through equipment visually are difficult to observe.
Therefore, a method and equipment for predicting rock burst through rock brittle micro-failure are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method and equipment for predicting rock burst through brittle micro-failure of a rock mass, which can effectively solve the problem that the rock mass is damaged before the rock mass is damaged by detecting brittle change of the rock mass and the occurrence of the rock burst is predicted through deformation quantity and deformation states generated before and during the rock mass is damaged in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for predicting rock mass brittle micro-failure phenomenon rock burst comprises a current monitoring module, an image contrast monitoring module and a pressure monitoring module;
wherein, the current monitoring module is: the probe is deeply inserted into the inner part of the roadway wall, a stable voltage power supply is used for supplying power, and a method for monitoring rock burst by adopting a curve of current change is adopted;
the image contrast monitoring module is as follows: shooting fine cracks in the wall of the roadway by using a camera, comparing the fine cracks to obtain a crack change curve, and monitoring rock burst;
the pressure monitoring module is as follows: A. providing continuous pressure-stabilizing liquid, injecting the liquid into a pressure test hole drilled on the wall of the roadway, recording the change curve of a bottle filled with the liquid, and monitoring rock burst;
B. the auxiliary current monitoring module is used for providing a conductive medium for the auxiliary current monitoring module and monitoring the method of rock burst.
As a better technical scheme, the current monitoring module, the image comparison monitoring module and the pressure monitoring module compare the obtained data to obtain more accurate rock burst prediction data to prepare for resisting rock burst.
As a better technical solution, the current monitoring module includes: the probe I comprises a first probe and a second probe, the surface of the first probe is provided with a plurality of small holes, a guide pipe is arranged above the first probe, an auxiliary ejector rod is arranged in the center of the interior of the first probe and connected to the interior of the guide pipe through a plurality of supporting plates with holes, a plurality of barbs are arranged on the outer side of the guide pipe, and a sealing ring is arranged at the position where the upper side of the guide pipe is contacted with the shell; the upside of pipe is connected with the connecting pipe, and the one end of connecting pipe is provided with the interface, the interface sets up the outside at the shell, the top of shell is provided with strikes the portion, and strikes the diameter of portion and slightly is less than the distance between probe one and the probe two.
As a better technical scheme, the structure and the structure of the first probe and the second probe are the same, a stabilized voltage power supply is connected between the first probe and the second probe through an electric wire, and a micro-ammeter is connected between the first probe, the second probe and the stabilized voltage power supply.
As a better technical scheme, the image contrast monitoring module comprises a camera and an embedded pipe, wherein the embedded pipe comprises a toughened glass head, the toughened glass head is in a conical structure, the head part of the camera is provided with a conical refraction head, the conical refraction head is slightly smaller than the toughened glass head, and the conical refraction head can be plugged into the toughened glass head; the embedded pipe is plugged into a preset hole of the roadway wall, and the deepest part of the preset hole is also of a conical structure and is drilled by adopting a conical drill bit.
As a better technical scheme, the pressure monitoring module comprises a pressure providing module, the pressure providing module is connected with a liquid tank, metering equipment is arranged in the liquid tank, and the liquid tank is further connected with the current monitoring module through a pipeline.
As a better technical scheme, the current monitoring module, the image contrast monitoring module and the pressure monitoring module are further connected with a controller, and the controller is further provided with a storage unit.
As a better technical solution, the monitoring method of the current monitoring module includes:
A. knocking the shell into the wall of the roadway to enable the probe I and the probe II to be completely immersed into the wall of the roadway and ensure that the sealing ring is in contact with the wall of the roadway;
B. the interface is connected to a liquid tank of the pressure monitoring module, and the liquid tank is punched and tested, so that no pressure release condition exists within 10 minutes, otherwise, the step A needs to be repeated again;
C. connecting the current monitoring module with a controller, and recording current change in real time;
D. judging the fracture condition, and dividing into:
the first condition is as follows: the current monitoring is unchanged, and the current is almost zero, so that rock mass does not generate cracks and rock impact does not occur at the moment;
case two: comparing the current monitoring with the data acquired in the previous period, slightly enlarging the data to prove that impact earth pressure impact exists at the moment and the rock mass has already fractured;
case three: when the current is monitored, the current is continuously increased in a short period, so that the rock is proved to bear rock burst and continuously generate cracks, and the controller gives out an alarm;
case four: when the current is monitored, the current reaches the maximum preset value or the discontinuity reaches the maximum, the serious rock mass crack is proved, and the controller gives an alarm.
As a better technical solution, the monitoring method of the image contrast monitoring module includes:
A. searching a proper position, drilling into the wall of the roadway by using a conical drill bit, and ensuring the depth to be about 0.5-1 m;
B. the embedded pipe is plugged in, and the toughened glass head of the embedded pipe is ensured to be in full contact with the rock mass;
C. connecting a camera to a controller, starting to acquire image data, and recording primary data;
D. monitoring images in real time, analyzing the change condition of rock mass fractures by adopting an image analysis method, and analyzing, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the first condition is as follows: after image comparison, the crack is not changed, which proves that the rock mass is not affected by rock burst;
case two: after image comparison, the width of the cracks is not changed, but the cracks are increased, the increased number is not large, the whole area is not more than 5%, and the rock body is proved to be normal;
case three: after image comparison, the width of the cracks is not changed, but the cracks are increased, the increased number is larger, and the total area is more than 15 percent, so that the rock mass bears the rock burst, but the rock mass is still relatively intact;
case four: after the image is compared, the width of the crack is increased, even the slag falling condition occurs, the rock mass is proved to bear overlarge rock impact, the rock mass is about to reach the bearing limit, the controller gives an alarm, and the embedded pipe is taken out in a prompt mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
by adopting the current monitoring module, the image contrast monitoring module and the pressure monitoring module, the crack change is converted into a visual and rapid current signal, the controller feeds back the current signal changed by the crack change in real time, the extending direction of the crack is monitored in real time, the damage precursor of the brittle rock is converted into a more visual and rapid current signal, the trend of rock burst is predicted by the direct image contrast module and the reduction amount of a liquid tank of the pressure monitoring module, the preventive treatment is made, and the loss to be brought is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an image contrast monitoring module of the method and the device for predicting rock burst based on brittle micro-failure of rock mass.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a current monitoring module of a method and apparatus for predicting rock burst based on brittle micro-failure of rock mass according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the current monitoring module of the method and the device for predicting rock burst based on brittle micro-failure of rock mass according to the invention.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of part A of a probe I of a current monitoring module of the method and the equipment for predicting rock burst according to the brittle micro-failure phenomenon of rock mass.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the monitoring principle of the current monitoring module of the method and the device for predicting rock burst based on brittle micro-failure of rock mass, wherein, a graph (a) is a schematic view of a situation of a micro-crack, a graph (b) is a schematic view of a situation of a plurality of cracks, and a graph (c) is a schematic view of a situation when the cracks are communicated.
In the figure: 1. a knocking portion; 2. a housing; 3. an interface; 4. a connecting pipe; 5. a conduit; 6. a seal ring; 7. a barb; 8. erecting the head; 9. an auxiliary ejector rod; 10. a first probe; 11. a second probe; 12. a camera; 13. an insert tube; 14. tempering the glass head; 15. a conical refractive head.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, a method for predicting rock burst for brittle micro-failure of rock mass comprises a current monitoring module, an image contrast monitoring module and a pressure monitoring module;
wherein, the current monitoring module is: the probe is deeply inserted into the inner part of the roadway wall, a stable voltage power supply is used for supplying power, and a method for monitoring rock burst by adopting a curve of current change is adopted;
the image contrast monitoring module is as follows: shooting fine cracks in the wall of the roadway by using a camera, comparing the fine cracks to obtain a crack change curve, and monitoring rock burst;
the pressure monitoring module is as follows: A. providing continuous pressure-stabilizing liquid, injecting the liquid into a pressure test hole drilled on the wall of the roadway, recording the change curve of a bottle filled with the liquid, and monitoring rock burst;
B. the auxiliary current monitoring module is used for providing a conductive medium for the auxiliary current monitoring module and monitoring the method of rock burst.
The current monitoring module, the image comparison monitoring module and the pressure monitoring module are used for comparing the data obtained by the current monitoring module, the image comparison monitoring module and the pressure monitoring module to obtain more accurate rock burst prediction data so as to prepare for resisting rock burst.
Wherein the current monitoring module comprises: the current monitoring device comprises a shell, wherein a first probe and a second probe are arranged in the shell, the first probe comprises a near head, the surface of the near head is provided with a plurality of small holes, a guide pipe is arranged above the near head, an auxiliary ejector rod is arranged in the center of the near head, the auxiliary ejector rod can help a current monitoring module to easily smash the wall of a roadway, and the auxiliary ejector rod is connected to the inside of the guide pipe through a plurality of supporting plates with holes and is not easy to damage; the outer side of the conduit is provided with a plurality of barbs made of rubber, and the barbs can not only prevent the current monitoring module from running out due to pressure, but also effectively block the backflow of the conductive liquid; the upper side of the conduit is also provided with a sealing ring at the position contacted with the shell, so that the backflow of the conductive liquid can be effectively prevented, and the monitoring data of the pressure monitoring module is more accurate by matching with the barb; the upside of pipe is connected with the connecting pipe, and the one end of connecting pipe is provided with the interface, the interface sets up the outside at the shell, the top of shell is provided with strikes the portion, and the diameter of striking the portion slightly is less than the distance between probe one and the probe two, can prevent to beat because of energetically for equipment damages.
As shown in fig. 2, the first probe and the second probe have the same structure and structure, a stabilized voltage power supply is connected between the first probe and the second probe through an electric wire, a micro-ammeter is connected between the first probe, the second probe and the stabilized voltage power supply, conductive liquid is filled into the rock mass through the first probe and the second probe, and the detection speed is higher due to the fact that the first probe and the second probe are both permeable.
Example two
As shown in fig. 3, a stabilized voltage power supply is connected between the first probe and the second probe through an electric wire, a micro-ammeter is connected between the first probe, the second probe and the stabilized voltage power supply, and only one pair of rock masses is filled with conductive liquid by the probes, so that the detection speed is low, the cost is low, and the success rate is low when the rock masses are knocked in.
The image contrast monitoring module comprises a camera and an embedded pipe, wherein the embedded pipe comprises a toughened glass head which is in a conical structure, a conical refraction head is arranged at the head of the camera and is slightly smaller than the toughened glass head, and the conical refraction head can be plugged into the toughened glass head; the embedding pipe is plugged into a preset hole of the wall of the roadway, the deepest part of the preset hole is also of a conical structure, and the embedded pipe can effectively and visually observe the change condition of the fracture by adopting the module for drilling by adopting the conical drill bit.
The pressure monitoring module comprises a pressure providing module, the pressure providing module is connected with a liquid tank, metering equipment is arranged in the liquid tank, and the liquid tank is further connected with the current monitoring module through a pipeline.
Wherein, pressure monitoring module can cooperate current monitoring module's probe, injects pressure liquid into the rock mass, if the rock mass has produced the crack, then pressure liquid will deepen the crack for liquid in pressure monitoring module's the liquid jar becomes less, through monitoring how much of liquid in the liquid jar, also can the side reflect how much of crack, and then reach the purpose of monitoring how much of rock mass crack, and then judge rock mass destruction degree of rock mass of rock burst.
The current monitoring module, the image contrast monitoring module and the pressure monitoring module are further connected with a controller, and the controller is further provided with a storage unit, so that data can be effectively recorded, and the purpose of analyzing the geological condition in the later stage is achieved.
The monitoring method of the current monitoring module comprises the following steps:
A. knocking the shell into the wall of the roadway to enable the probe I and the probe II to be completely immersed into the wall of the roadway and ensure that the sealing ring is in contact with the wall of the roadway;
B. the interface is connected to a liquid tank of the pressure monitoring module, and the liquid tank is punched and tested, so that no pressure release condition exists within 10 minutes, otherwise, the step A needs to be repeated again;
C. connecting the current monitoring module with a controller, and recording current change in real time;
D. judging the fracture condition, in the present case, because the rock mass is gangue and is in the ground environment, so can think that the gangue is the resistance that resistance is very big, through the current variation of two electrodes of survey fixed position, carry out the prejudgement, the liquid that fills is conducting liquid, for example salt water, then, as shown in fig. 5, divide into:
the first condition is as follows: the current monitoring is unchanged, and the current is almost zero, so that rock mass does not generate cracks and rock impact does not occur at the moment;
case two: compared with data acquired in the previous period, the current monitoring is slightly larger, at this time, as shown in a graph (a) in fig. 5, because the liquid in the crack is a conductor, the distance between the two conductors is smaller, the resistance value is correspondingly smaller, and the resistance value of the same surrounding rock mass is very large (unlike the interior of common iron, and the rock mass in an underground roadway is not completely a whole, the interior of the underground roadway actually has the liquid, and the rock mass normally has a small gap, particularly the situation is more obvious when blasting and excavating are carried out), it is proved that impact earth pressure impact exists at this time, and the rock mass has cracks;
case three: when the current is monitored, the current continuously increases for a short time, the rock mass is subjected to rock burst and continuously fractures, and the controller gives an alarm as shown in (b) in fig. 5;
case four: when the current is monitored, as shown in (c) of fig. 5, the current reaches the maximum value, or the current reaches the maximum value intermittently (because the current is conductive and the connection is liquid, the connection is caused by repeated fine gasification due to the heat generated by the current conduction and the re-condensation), which proves that the rock body crack is serious, and the controller gives an alarm.
The monitoring method of the image contrast monitoring module comprises the following steps:
A. searching a proper position, drilling into the wall of the roadway by using a conical drill bit, and ensuring the depth to be about 0.5-1 m;
B. the embedded pipe is plugged in, and the toughened glass head of the embedded pipe is ensured to be in full contact with the rock mass;
C. connecting a camera to a controller, starting to acquire image data, and recording primary data;
D. monitoring images in real time, analyzing the change condition of rock mass fractures by adopting an image analysis method, and analyzing, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the first condition is as follows: after image comparison, the crack is not changed, which proves that the rock mass is not affected by rock burst;
case two: after image comparison, the width of the cracks is not changed, but the cracks are increased, the increased number is not large, the whole area is not more than 5%, and the rock body is proved to be normal;
case three: after image comparison, the width of the cracks is not changed, but the cracks are increased, the increased number is larger, and the total area is more than 15 percent, so that the rock mass bears the rock burst, but the rock mass is still relatively intact;
case four: after the image is compared, the width of the crack is increased, even the slag falling condition occurs, the rock mass is proved to bear overlarge rock impact, the rock mass is about to reach the bearing limit, the controller gives an alarm, and the embedded pipe is taken out in a prompt mode.
The equipment adopts a local detection method, such as drilling holes in a probe and an image comparison module in a current monitoring module, which are equivalent to the damage to the homogeneity of a roadway, so that the stress release can be released in advance at the position of the probe and the drilling hole, namely the compression-resistant weak point of the roadway part, and the aim of point outline can be fulfilled by adopting the equipment.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A method for predicting rock mass brittle micro-failure phenomenon rock burst is characterized by comprising a current monitoring module, an image contrast monitoring module and a pressure monitoring module; the using method of the current monitoring module comprises the following steps: the probe is deeply inserted into the inner part of the roadway wall, a stable voltage power supply is used for supplying power, and a method for monitoring rock burst by adopting a curve of current change is adopted;
the current monitoring module includes: the probe I comprises a first probe and a second probe, the surface of the first probe is provided with a plurality of small holes, a guide pipe is arranged above the first probe, an auxiliary ejector rod is arranged in the center of the interior of the first probe and connected to the interior of the guide pipe through a plurality of supporting plates with holes, a plurality of barbs are arranged on the outer side of the guide pipe, and a sealing ring is arranged at the position where the upper side of the guide pipe is contacted with the shell; the upper side of the conduit is connected with a connecting pipe, one end of the connecting pipe is provided with a connector, the connector is arranged on the outer side of the shell, the top of the shell is provided with a knocking part, and the diameter of the knocking part is slightly smaller than the distance between the first probe and the second probe;
the use method of the image contrast monitoring module comprises the following steps: shooting fine cracks in the wall of the roadway by using a camera, comparing the fine cracks to obtain a crack change curve, and monitoring rock burst;
the use method of the pressure monitoring module comprises the following steps: A. providing continuous pressure-stabilizing liquid, injecting the liquid into a pressure test hole drilled on the wall of the roadway, recording the change curve of a liquid tank filled with the liquid, and monitoring rock burst; B. the auxiliary current monitoring module is used for providing a conductive medium for the auxiliary current monitoring module and monitoring the method of rock burst.
2. The method for predicting rock mass brittle micro-failure phenomenon rock mass burst according to claim 1, characterized in that the current monitoring module, the image comparison monitoring module and the pressure monitoring module are compared to obtain more accurate data for predicting the rock mass burst to prepare for resisting the rock mass burst.
3. The method for predicting rock mass brittle micro-failure according to claim 1, wherein the first probe and the second probe have the same structure and structure, a stabilized voltage power supply is connected between the first probe and the second probe through an electric wire, and a micro-ammeter is connected between the first probe, the second probe and the stabilized voltage power supply.
4. The method for predicting rock burst according to the brittle micro-failure phenomenon of rock mass according to claim 1, wherein the image contrast monitoring module comprises a camera and an embedded pipe, the embedded pipe comprises a tempered glass head, the tempered glass head is of a conical structure, a conical refraction head is arranged at the head of the camera, the conical refraction head is slightly smaller than the tempered glass head, and the conical refraction head can be plugged into the tempered glass head; the embedded pipe is plugged into a preset hole of the roadway wall, and the deepest part of the preset hole is also of a conical structure and is drilled by adopting a conical drill bit.
5. The method for predicting rock burst according to the micro brittle failure phenomenon of the rock mass of claim 1, wherein the pressure monitoring module comprises a pressure providing module, the pressure providing module is connected with a liquid tank, a metering device is arranged in the liquid tank, and the liquid tank is further connected with a current monitoring module through a pipeline.
6. The method for predicting rock burst according to the brittle micro-failure phenomenon of rock mass of claim 1, wherein the current monitoring module, the image contrast monitoring module and the pressure monitoring module are further connected with a controller, and the controller is further provided with a storage unit.
7. The method for predicting rock burst according to the brittle micro-failure phenomenon of rock mass of claim 1, wherein the monitoring method of the current monitoring module comprises the following steps: A. knocking the shell into the wall of the roadway to enable the probe I and the probe II to be completely immersed into the wall of the roadway and ensure that the sealing ring is in contact with the wall of the roadway; B. the interface is connected to a liquid tank of the pressure monitoring module, and the liquid tank is punched and tested, so that no pressure release condition exists within 10 minutes, otherwise, the step A needs to be repeated again; C. connecting the current monitoring module with a controller, and recording current change in real time; D. judging the fracture condition, and dividing into: the first condition is as follows: the current monitoring is unchanged, and the current is almost zero, so that rock mass does not generate cracks and rock impact does not occur at the moment; case two: comparing the current monitoring with the data acquired in the previous period, slightly enlarging the data to prove that impact earth pressure impact exists at the moment and the rock mass has already fractured; case three: when the current is monitored, the current is continuously increased in a short period, so that the rock is proved to bear rock burst and continuously generate cracks, and the controller gives out an alarm; case four: when the current is monitored, the current reaches the maximum preset value or the discontinuity reaches the maximum, the serious rock mass crack is proved, and the controller gives an alarm.
8. The method for predicting rock burst according to the brittle micro-failure phenomenon of rock mass of claim 1 or 4, wherein the monitoring method of the image contrast monitoring module comprises the following steps: searching a proper position, drilling into the wall of the roadway by using a conical drill bit, and ensuring the depth to be about 0.5-1 m; the embedded pipe is plugged in, and the toughened glass head of the embedded pipe is ensured to be in full contact with the rock mass; connecting a camera to a controller, starting to acquire image data, and recording primary data; monitoring images in real time, analyzing the change condition of rock mass fractures by adopting an image analysis method, and analyzing, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the first condition is as follows: after image comparison, the crack is not changed, which proves that the rock mass is not affected by rock burst; case two: after image comparison, the width of the cracks is not changed, but the cracks are increased, the increased number is not large, the whole area is not more than 5%, and the rock body is proved to be normal; case three: after image comparison, the width of the cracks is not changed, but the cracks are increased, the increased number is larger, and the total area is more than 15 percent, so that the rock mass bears the rock burst, but the rock mass is still relatively intact; case four: after the image is compared, the width of the crack is increased, even the slag falling condition occurs, the rock mass is proved to bear overlarge rock impact, the rock mass is about to reach the bearing limit, the controller gives an alarm, and the embedded pipe is taken out in a prompt mode.
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