CN113218884B - Breeding method for chicken skin yellowness - Google Patents

Breeding method for chicken skin yellowness Download PDF

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CN113218884B
CN113218884B CN202110473297.3A CN202110473297A CN113218884B CN 113218884 B CN113218884 B CN 113218884B CN 202110473297 A CN202110473297 A CN 202110473297A CN 113218884 B CN113218884 B CN 113218884B
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yellowness
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罗文�
吴静文
林泽桐
张细权
聂庆华
罗庆斌
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South China Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a breeding method for chicken skin yellowness. The method comprises the following steps: 1) Measuring the cloacal skin color yellowness, the chicken serum lutein concentration and the chicken serum beta-carotene concentration of the chicken to be measured; 2) Obtaining a yellow skin breeding value according to a formula S =0.5 [ B + (5 + C) ] +0.5 (50 + A); 3) And reserving the chickens to be detected with the S value more than 600. According to the breeding method for the skin yellowness values of the chickens, two methods of detecting the skin yellowness values by using a color difference meter and detecting the serum yellow pigment concentration values by using a liquid chromatograph are adopted to cooperatively select the chickens with high and low skin yellowness values, then the chickens are bred on a large scale, the influence of the external environment on the skin yellowness values is reduced, the skins are yellow and uniform in color, and the market requirements are met.

Description

Breeding method for chicken skin yellowness
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chicken breeding, in particular to a breeding method for chicken skin yellowness.
Background
Poultry is an important component of animal husbandry, and poultry meat and eggs are important sources of protein in the human diet. The color character is an important phenotype of the animal, can influence mating, adaptation to the environment and communication of the animal, and can reflect the health condition of the animal. Under the increasingly popular market conditions of ice-fresh chickens, the first impression presented to consumers by broilers is skin color, and the shade and uniformity of skin color have become important characteristics for determining the acceptance of consumers and the quality of broilers. Under the influence of dietary habits, consumers in south China prefer to select chickens with yellow epidermis, bright skin color and uniform chromaticity. Chickens with a whitish or uneven skin color are sold at a lower price and have less appeal to consumers than chickens with golden skin. How to breed the chicken with high yellow color, uniform color and stability and ensure that the skin color of the chicken meets the selection requirement of consumers is always a breeding technical difficulty. Therefore, a breeding method for chicken skin yellowness is developed, which is beneficial to improving the profit of chicken farms and breeding yellow chickens meeting the requirements of consumers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method for chicken skin yellowness, which aims to solve one or more technical problems in the prior art and at least provide a beneficial selection or creation condition.
The invention provides an application of chicken serum lutein in chicken skin yellowness breeding.
The second aspect of the invention provides application of chicken serum beta-carotene in chicken skin yellowness breeding.
The third aspect of the invention provides a breeding method for chicken skin yellowness. The method comprises the following steps:
1) Measuring the cloacal skin color yellowness, the chicken serum lutein concentration and the chicken serum beta-carotene concentration of the chicken to be measured;
2) And (3) obtaining a yellow skin breeding value according to a formula (I):
S＝0.5*[B+(5*C)]+0.5*(50*A) (Ⅰ)
wherein, S is the yellow skin breeding value,
a-the yellowness of complexion of cloaca,
b-the concentration of lutein in chicken serum,
c-chicken serum beta-carotene concentration;
3) And reserving the chickens to be detected with the S value more than 600.
Due to the feather covering on the body surface of the chicken, the integral skin yellowness value of the carcass of the chicken is difficult to directly observe. And the skin yellowness values of different parts of the chicken are different from the hue and saturation of the carcass, so that a part stably related to the whole skin yellowness value needs to be found for detecting the skin yellowness. And because the cloaca has naturally low feather coverage rate and the correlation between the skin color yellowness and the overall skin yellowness value is stable, the cloaca skin color yellowness is selected and measured. In addition, chicken serum lutein concentration and chicken serum beta-carotene deposition on the skin are major factors in chicken skin yellowing. The possibility that the chicken serum lutein concentration and the chicken serum beta-carotene are yellow in the subsequent growth process can be predicted by detecting the chicken serum lutein concentration and the chicken serum beta-carotene, and therefore the two values are also used as one of breeding standards.
In some embodiments of the invention, the step of determining the cloaca skin yellowness comprises:
1-1) cleaning the skin around the cloaca of the chicken to be detected;
1-2) detecting the skin around the cloaca of the chicken by using a color difference meter for at least 2 times, and taking the average value as the skin color yellowness of the cloaca of the chicken to be detected.
Further, the color difference meter is a 3NH-NH310 type color difference meter.
In some application embodiments of the present invention, the determination method of the chicken serum lutein concentration and the chicken serum beta-carotene concentration is:
2-1) separating serum after the blood is collected from the chicken to be detected;
2-2) carrying out high performance liquid chromatography detection on the serum;
2-3) obtaining the lutein concentration of chicken serum and the value of the beta-carotene concentration of the chicken serum from the chromatogram.
Further, the blood sampling is to perform infrawing venous blood sampling on the chicken to be detected.
Further, the serum is separated by centrifuging the collected blood and then discarding the precipitate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the breeding method for the chicken skin yellowness values, two methods of detecting the skin yellowness values by using a color difference instrument and detecting the serum yellow pigment concentration values by using a liquid chromatograph are adopted to cooperatively select the chicken with high and low skin yellowness values, then the chicken is bred in a large scale, the influence of the external environment on the skin yellowness values is reduced, the skin is yellow and uniform in color, and the market requirements are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of relative analysis of the yellowness index of the skin and the hue and saturation of the carcass of different parts of a spotted-brown chicken in the example;
FIG. 2 is a high performance liquid chromatogram of serum detection in the examples;
FIG. 3 is a histogram of yellow skin breeding value comparison for different S value intervals.
Detailed Description
The present invention is specifically described below with reference to examples in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be particularly noted that the examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, as non-essential improvements and modifications to the invention may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Meanwhile, the raw materials mentioned below are not specified in detail and are all commercial products; the process steps or preparation methods not mentioned in detail are all process steps or preparation methods known to the person skilled in the art.
Examples
The chickens to be tested are 120-day-old Jiangfeng jute pure lines, the number of the chickens is 600, and the chickens are fed with the corn-soybean meal type feed meeting the international formula standard in a flat-breeding feeding mode.
S1: cleaning the skin around the cloaca of the chicken with clear water, measuring the skin color near the cloaca of the chicken by using a 3NH-NH310 type color difference meter (Shenzhen, san Enshi science and technology Limited company) for 3 times to obtain a yellowness (b) value, and taking the average value of the 3 measurements as the skin yellowness value (A value) of the individual. And then, after streamlined unified carotid bleeding, scalding at 64 ℃ and plucking hair by a machine in a slaughter house, gently wiping dry water by a paper towel, and measuring the yellowness value of the skin of the slaughter chicken by using a 3NH-NH310 type color difference meter (Shenzhen, san Enshi science and technology Co., ltd.), wherein the selected skin parts comprise cloaca, shin (removing cuticle), upper back, lower back, chest and abdomen, and the yellowness value of the abdominal fat is measured.
Correlation analysis is carried out on the A value and the skin yellowness value of slaughtered chickens, and the skin yellowness (A value) of the cloacae before slaughtering is positively correlated with the yellowness value of the cloacae skin after slaughtering and is also positively correlated with other yellowness values of different skin positions (as shown in figure 1). The results indicate that measuring the yellowness value of the cloacal peripheral skin (cloacal skin yellowness) of live chickens can be used as a reference to evaluate the overall skin yellowness value of the carcass.
S2: collecting blood from the veins under wings of chickens before slaughtering, centrifuging to obtain supernatant, and detecting the lutein concentration in chicken serum and the beta-carotene concentration in the chicken serum by using a high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC 1290, agilent), wherein the concentration detection comprises the following specific steps:
chromatographic conditions are as follows:
s2-1) chromatographic column: kromasil C8 (4.6 mm. Times.300mm, 5 μm);
s2-2) mobile phase: methanol-acetonitrile (60,40,v/V);
s2-3) flow rate: 0.4mL/min; detection wavelength: 448nm;
s2-4) sample injection amount: 5 mu L of the solution;
s2-5) column temperature: at 25 ℃.
All samples were filtered through 0.45 μm microporous membrane before injection.
Drawing a working curve: respectively dissolving a lutein standard product and a beta-carotene standard product in a standard bottle by using a small amount of chlorine by adopting an external standard method, transferring the solution into a 10mL brown volumetric flask, washing the standard bottle for multiple times by using chloroform until eluate is colorless, collecting and combining the eluate in the volumetric flask, fixing the volume to a scale mark by using the chloroform, and finally preparing a standard product mother liquor with the concentration of 2000 mg/L. Storing the standard solutions in a refrigerator at-20 deg.C in dark place, preparing into mixed standard solution within 12h, and performing HPLC determination. And (4) sequentially diluting the mother liquor according to the concentration requirement, determining each mixed standard solution under the condition of drawing up a chromatogram, and recording the peak area of each standard substance. And (3) drawing a standard curve by taking the peak area of each standard substance as an ordinate and the concentration (mg/L) of each standard substance component as an abscissa, such as a lutein standard curve formula:
y (peak area) =0.05429065 × s Concentration of -0.6541242，R2＝0.9855。
Pretreatment of a sample: redissolving serum, shaking, placing 100 μ L into 1.5mL centrifuge tube, adding 200 μ L anhydrous ethanol (containing 0.01% ascorbic acid), mixing, and shaking for 1min to perform protein precipitation; adding 700 μ L n-hexane to extract carotenoid, mixing, shaking for 2min, centrifuging at 3000r/min for 7min, and collecting supernatant n-hexane layer. The extraction was repeated 3 times, filtered through a 0.45 μm microporous membrane and filled in a brown sample bottle. The whole process ensures the operation of avoiding light. The obtained chromatogram results are shown in FIG. 2, and the lutein concentration (B value) in chicken serum and the beta-carotene concentration (C value) in chicken serum are calculated according to the peak area and the standard curve of the substance to be detected.
The measured chicken serum lutein concentration and chicken serum beta-carotene concentration are respectively subjected to correlation analysis with a chicken skin yellowness value, and the results show that the lutein concentration and the chicken serum beta-carotene concentration are obviously correlated with the integral skin yellowness value of a carcass (table 1), which shows that the pigment concentration in the chicken serum is positively correlated with the chicken skin yellowness, and the method has potential application value in chicken skin breeding values.
TABLE 1 correlation analysis of serum lutein and beta-carotene content with carcass integrated skin yellowness values
Figure BDA0003046206070000031
S3: and (3) integrating cloacal skin color yellowness, chicken serum lutein concentration and chicken serum beta-carotene concentration of each chicken, and substituting the formula S =0.5 x [ B + (5 x C) ] +0.5 x (50 x A) to obtain a final yellow skin breeding value (S value). The groups were numerically ranked by S-value, and it was found that the more numerically ranked groups had significantly greater yellowness values in the chicken skin than the less numerically ranked groups (see fig. 3), and that the S-values were very significantly correlated with the chicken skin yellowness values (table 2). Therefore, the skin yellowness of the chickens can be bred by comprehensively evaluating the skin yellowness and the serum pigment concentration of the cloaca of the chickens.
TABLE 2 correlation analysis of S values with carcass integrated skin yellowness values
Figure BDA0003046206070000041
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (4)

1. A breeding method for chicken skin yellowness is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Measuring the cloacal skin color yellowness, the chicken serum lutein concentration and the chicken serum beta-carotene concentration of the chicken to be measured;
2) And (3) obtaining a yellow skin breeding value according to a formula (I):
S＝0.5*[B+(5*C)]+0.5*(50*A) (Ⅰ)
wherein, S is the yellow skin breeding value,
a-the yellowness value of the skin color of the cloaca,
b is the lutein concentration value of chicken serum,
c-chicken serum beta-carotene concentration value;
3) Reserving the chicken to be detected with the S value more than 600;
the step of determining the cloaca skin yellowness comprises:
1-1) cleaning the skin around the cloaca of the chicken to be detected;
1-2) detecting the skin around the cloaca of the chicken by using a color difference meter at least twice, and taking the average value as the skin color yellowness value of the cloaca of the chicken to be detected;
the method for measuring the lutein concentration and the beta-carotene concentration of the chicken serum comprises the following steps: separating serum after the blood is collected from the chicken to be detected, carrying out high performance liquid chromatography detection on the serum, and obtaining the values of the lutein concentration in the chicken serum and the beta-carotene concentration in the chicken serum from the chromatogram.
2. The method for selectively breeding the chicken skin yellowness index according to claim 1, wherein the color difference meter is a 3NH-NH310 type color difference meter.
3. The chicken skin yellowness breeding method according to claim 2, wherein the blood collection is performed by performing infrawing venous blood collection on the chicken to be tested.
4. The method for selectively breeding the skin yellowness index of the chicken as claimed in claim 3, wherein the serum is separated by centrifuging the collected blood and then discarding the precipitate.
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